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Howrah

Howrah is an industrial city in the Indian state of West Bengal, serving as the administrative headquarters of Howrah district and situated on the western bank of the Hooghly River directly opposite Kolkata.^[1]^[2] It forms a core part of the Kolkata Metropolitan Area, with the city proper covering 63.55 square kilometers and a population of 1,362,561 as per the 2011 census, while the district spans 1,467 square kilometers and had 4,850,029 residents in the same year.^[2]^[1] The area is renowned for its dense urban fabric, high population density exceeding 21,000 persons per square kilometer in the city, and its role as a historical twin city to Kolkata, fostering cross-river connectivity vital for regional commerce and mobility.^[2]^[3] Howrah's defining infrastructure includes the Howrah Bridge, officially Rabindra Setu, a 705-meter-long cantilever bridge completed in 1943 that links the city to Kolkata and handles over 100,000 vehicles daily, making it one of the world's most trafficked spans.^[4]^[5] Adjacent to it lies Howrah Junction railway station, India's largest and busiest rail complex by passenger volume, accommodating over 1,000 trains and millions of commuters daily across 23 platforms since its origins in 1854.^[6] These landmarks underscore Howrah's centrality in eastern India's transport network, supporting the movement of goods and people amid the region's economic pulse.^[4] Economically, Howrah thrives as a hub for small-scale manufacturing, engineering workshops, and legacy industries like jute processing, though challenged by urban congestion and informal sector dominance; the district hosts numerous micro-enterprises and contributes to West Bengal's industrial output through sectors such as metalworking and textiles.^[6] Beyond industry, it features cultural sites like the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, home to the iconic Great Banyan Tree, and religious centers including Belur Math, adding layers to its urban identity.^[6] Despite growth, the area grapples with infrastructure strains from rapid urbanization, reflecting broader patterns in densely populated Indian metros.^[3]

Etymology

Origins and Historical Names

The name Howrah originates from the village of Harirah, situated at or near the site of the present-day city, as documented in early British East India Company records.^[7] In a grant dated 1713, the Company received zamindari rights over five villages along the western bank of the Hooghly River: Salkia (Salica), Howrah (Harirah), Kasundia (Cassundeah), Ramkrishnapur (Ramkrishnopoor), and Bator (Battar).^[7] These villages were referenced in the Consultation Book of the Bengal Council on 4 May 1714, confirming Harirah's prominence in the locality.^[7] Historical spellings of the name include Haora and Haurah, reflecting phonetic adaptations in colonial-era documents and surveys from the 16th century onward, during the Bengal Sultanate's administration of the region.^[8] Under Sultan Sulaiman Kararani's rule in the mid-16th century, the broader tract encompassing these villages was designated Sulaimanabad, though this applied to the administrative unit rather than the specific settlement.^[8] One etymological interpretation posits a derivation from the Bengali term haor, denoting a fluvial swampy depression where water, mud, and organic matter accumulate, consistent with the area's low-lying, wetland geography near the Hooghly.^[9] This theory aligns with regional linguistic patterns but lacks direct attestation in primary colonial or pre-colonial records, which prioritize the village-based nomenclature.^[8] Earlier references, such as Venetian explorer Cesare Federici's 1578 account mentioning "Bator" (a nearby village), indicate the zone's role in trade but do not clarify the root of Harirah itself.^[8]

Geography

Location and Physical Features

Howrah occupies the western bank of the Hooghly River, directly adjacent to Kolkata, which lies on the eastern bank, together forming a contiguous urban expanse within the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. The city's central geographic coordinates are approximately 22.59°N latitude and 88.31°E longitude.^[10] The Howrah Municipal Corporation governs a compact area of 63.55 square kilometers, bounded eastward by the Hooghly River, with northern limits near Bally, southern extensions toward Sankrail, and western reaches into semi-rural zones transitioning to district peripheries.^[11] The physical terrain consists of flat alluvial plains typical of the lower Ganges Delta, with average elevations around 12 meters above sea level and a gentle westward slope from the riverfront.^[12] This low-lying topography, rising to no more than 15 meters in the district's interior, impedes natural drainage and heightens vulnerability to seasonal flooding from river overflows and monsoonal runoff.^[13] Key features include the prominent riverfront along the Hooghly, which facilitates port activities and linear industrial clustering of jute mills and engineering works, while the surrounding urban layout features dense, grid-like built environments constrained by the floodplain's limited elevation gradients. Satellite-based analyses reveal progressive urban sprawl, with built-up areas expanding outward from the historic riverine core, converting adjacent agricultural and marshy lands into residential and commercial zones; one geospatial study documented a 122% increase in built-up coverage over two decades ending around 2021, underscoring densification pressures on the fixed municipal footprint.^[14] These patterns reflect causal links between topography—offering flat expanses for infrastructure but poor percolation—and historical reliance on river access for trade and industry, limiting vertical development and amplifying flood-related infrastructural challenges.

Climate and Environmental Conditions

Howrah features a tropical monsoon climate, classified under Köppen as Am, marked by consistently high temperatures, elevated humidity, and pronounced seasonal rainfall variations driven by the southwest monsoon. The annual mean temperature averages approximately 26.5 °C, with monthly maxima reaching 35.1 °C in May and minima dipping to 12.7 °C in January, reflecting the influence of the nearby Bay of Bengal and Hooghly River on moderating extremes while sustaining warmth year-round.^[15] Relative humidity remains high, averaging 83% in mornings during July peaks, contributing to muggy conditions that enhance habitability challenges during non-winter months.^[15] Precipitation totals around 1,565 mm annually at the Uluberia observatory, with 74-83% concentrated in the June-September monsoon period, where monthly rainfall exceeds 300 mm in July and August from intense depressions and low-pressure systems over the Bay of Bengal.^[15] Winter (November-February) sees minimal rain under 25 mm monthly, fostering drier conditions, while pre-monsoon thunderstorms in March-May add sporadic bursts up to 123 mm in May. The Hooghly River's estuarine hydrology amplifies seasonal flooding risks, as upstream discharges from the Ganges-Bhagirathi system combine with local downpours and semi-diurnal tides, causing natural overflows in low-lying deltaic terrains during peak monsoon flows.^[16] Prior to 19th-century industrialization, Howrah's environment comprised expansive marshlands, tidal flats, and riparian vegetation in the Ganges Delta, where periodic inundations from monsoon swells deposited nutrient-rich silts, sustaining a baseline ecology adapted to fluvial dynamics without permanent settlements altering hydrology. Industrial expansion, including jute mills and rail infrastructure from the 1850s, has since intensified local heat retention and surface runoff through impervious land cover, deviating from these pre-urban fluvial cycles while overlaying the inherent monsoon-driven variability.^[18]

History

Pre-Colonial and Early Periods

The Howrah region, located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, was historically part of the ancient janapadas of Vanga and Suhma, territorial divisions referenced in texts like the Mahabharata and Puranas.^[19] These sources associate the broader Bengal area, including sites near Howrah, with the Gangaridai described by Greco-Roman writers such as Ptolemy in the 2nd century CE, portraying a powerful kingdom with elephant-based warfare.^[19] However, archaeological evidence in Howrah itself is sparse, limited to terracotta remains and pottery fragments indicating early cultural linkages to Vedic and post-Gupta periods (circa 320–550 CE), without attestation of major urban settlements.^[19]^[20] The area's swampy, fluvial topography, as implied by ancient Jain texts like the Acharanga Sutra classifying it under Radha, Suhma, and Tamralipta regions, suggests it functioned primarily as a rural, agrarian periphery rather than a population center.^[8] Under medieval Hindu dynasties such as the Palas (8th–12th centuries) and Senas (11th–13th centuries), which controlled Bengal, Howrah remained an underdeveloped outpost with no documented fortifications or trade hubs, consistent with the causal role of frequent flooding and dense wetlands in limiting dense habitation.^[7] The Muslim conquest of Bengal by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1204 CE introduced administrative changes under the Delhi Sultanate, extending to local zamindari systems that encouraged gradual settlement in fertile but marshy lands.^[21] By the 14th–16th centuries, during the Bengal Sultanate's independent rule, small agrarian communities emerged, supported by rice cultivation and riverine trade, though population density stayed low due to environmental constraints rather than political centralization.^[7]^[22] Etymologically tied to "Haor," a Bengali term for swampy depressions formed by sediment and seasonal flooding, Howrah's pre-colonial landscape prioritized subsistence farming over urbanization, with historical records noting integration into regional kingdoms like Bhurshut by the 16th century, preceding substantive European influence.^[23]^[22] This pattern aligns with empirical patterns in lower Bengal, where hydrological factors—such as the Hooghly's distributary channels—dictated sparse, decentralized human activity until external commercial pressures in later eras.^[7]

Colonial Development and Industrialization

Following the British East India Company's victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which secured control over Bengal, Howrah emerged as a strategic trading outpost opposite Calcutta on the Hooghly River, facilitating cross-river commerce and shipbuilding activities tied to the company's maritime operations.^[24] British policies emphasizing port access and riverine trade positioned Howrah as an extension of Calcutta's commercial hub, with early engineering works supporting ordnance and repair needs.^[25] Industrialization accelerated in the mid-19th century through private enterprise under laissez-faire frameworks, which minimized state intervention and encouraged market-driven ventures. The establishment of the first jute spinning mill in Rishra, Howrah district, in 1855 marked the onset of large-scale textile processing, capitalizing on local raw materials and export demands for sacking and burlap.^[26] By the 1870s, additional mills like the Howrah Mill in 1874 expanded production, with the sector growing to dozens of facilities by the early 20th century, driven by global demand and proximity to Calcutta's port.^[27] Concurrently, small-scale iron foundries proliferated from the 1830s, reaching approximately 300 units by 1913, supplying components for railways, ships, and machinery amid colonial constraints that favored artisanal over heavy industry.^[28] The opening of Howrah Railway Station in 1854, with its inaugural service to Hooghly, served as a pivotal connectivity catalyst, integrating Howrah into the expanding rail network that lowered transport costs and stimulated raw material inflows for factories.^[29] This infrastructure, funded through British guarantees and private guarantees, boosted industrial output by enabling efficient goods movement, creating jobs, and fostering ancillary engineering clusters.^[30] The later construction of the Howrah Bridge, a cantilever structure completed in 1943 without nuts or bolts, further enhanced linkages between Howrah's factories and Calcutta's markets, handling increased wartime traffic and solidifying the area's role as an industrial node.^[31] These developments correlated with demographic shifts, as factory employment drew migrant labor, contributing to Bengal's concentration of 35% of India's industrial workers by 1921.^[32] British policies, blending infrastructure investments with regulatory restraint, causally transformed Howrah from a peripheral trading site into a manufacturing center, though limited protectionism perpetuated small-scale operations over diversified heavy industry.^[33] Empirical evidence from foundry proliferation and jute output underscores how rail and bridge enhancements amplified trade volumes, underpinning sustained growth until the colonial era's close.^[28]

Post-Independence Challenges and Changes

In the decades following India's independence in 1947, Howrah's engineering and jute sectors encountered severe disruptions from militant trade unionism and political violence, particularly during the Naxalite uprising of 1967-1970, which involved factory occupations, gheraos, and assaults on management, prompting capital flight and industrial contraction.^[34] ^[35] Howrah's foundry and small engineering clusters, once vibrant with workshops producing machinery and components, fragmented as owners faced risks to property and safety, resulting in a shift from organized large-scale units to informal operations by the 1970s.^[36] Central government policies, including freight equalization for coal and steel, further disadvantaged eastern industries like Howrah's by equalizing transport costs nationwide, eroding locational advantages tied to proximity to raw materials and ports.^[37] The jute industry, concentrated in Howrah's mills along the Hooghly River, underwent sharp contraction amid labor militancy and overcapacity, with West Bengal's overall industrial output share plummeting from 27% of national totals in 1947 to 17.2% by 1960-61, and further to around 5% by the 1990s, reflecting mill closures and reduced capacity utilization in the region.^[38] ^[39] Union actions, including prolonged strikes and demands for uneconomic wage hikes, exacerbated inefficiencies, as mills operated with absenteeism rates exceeding 20% in peak periods of unrest during the 1970s and 1980s.^[35] Compounding these issues, the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War triggered a surge of refugees into Howrah and adjacent Kolkata areas, with estimates of over 10 million displaced persons straining urban infrastructure, housing, and sanitation in squatter settlements that proliferated along railway lines and riverbanks.^[40] This influx intensified population density—reaching over 6,000 persons per square kilometer by the late 1970s—and fueled informal labor competition, further depressing industrial productivity amid governance failures in rehabilitation and urban planning.^[41] A partial recovery emerged in the 1980s through micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in engineering and light manufacturing, which absorbed displaced labor and sustained local output via flexible, low-capital units, contributing significantly to employment despite lacking scale.^[42] However, persistent governance inefficiencies, including bureaucratic delays in clearances and land acquisition hurdles under prolonged left-wing rule, limited expansion, as evidenced by West Bengal's industrial employment share declining relative to other states through the 1990s.^[43] ^[44] Economic analyses attribute this stagnation to policy biases favoring union appeasement over investor incentives, hindering reinvestment in Howrah's aging infrastructure.^[45]

Demographics

Population Trends and Density

The 2011 Indian census recorded the population of Howrah Municipal Corporation at 1,077,075, encompassing an urban area of 63.55 square kilometers and yielding a density of approximately 16,948 persons per square kilometer.^[46] This figure reflects the core municipal limits, though the broader Howrah Urban Agglomeration extended to about 1.35 million residents across a larger expanse. In contrast, Howrah District, which includes both urban and rural segments spanning 1,467 square kilometers, had a total population of 4,850,029 and a lower density of 3,306 persons per square kilometer.^[47] These densities far exceed national rural averages but align with pressures in densely packed industrial suburbs near Kolkata. Decadal population growth in Howrah District from 2001 to 2011 stood at 13.31%, below India's national rate of 17.64% for the same period, indicating a slowdown possibly linked to maturing urbanization and reduced natural increase amid high baseline densities.^[47] Urban growth within the municipal corporation mirrored this trend, with net additions driven less by births than by sustained in-migration from rural West Bengal and Bihar, where migrants seek proximity to transport hubs and labor markets.^[48] Such inflows, comprising a notable share of unskilled workers from Bihar per migration surveys, have compounded density without proportional infrastructure expansion.^[49] High population densities in Howrah's urban core—often exceeding 20,000 persons per square kilometer in select wards—exert causal pressures on local resources, manifesting in overburdened sewage systems, acute housing deficits, and elevated demands on public utilities like water distribution, which supplies around 70 million gallons daily against growing needs.^[2] Absent comprehensive 2021 census data due to postponement, projections based on prior growth trajectories estimate the district population nearing 5.5 million by mid-decade, amplifying these strains unless offset by policy interventions in spatial planning.^[50]

Religious, Linguistic, and Socioeconomic Composition

In the 2011 Census of India, Hinduism constituted the majority religion in Howrah city, accounting for 82.72% of the population, while Islam represented 15.25%, with smaller shares for Christianity (0.92%), Sikhism (0.43%), and other religions or no religion (0.68%).^[51] District-wide data for Howrah (Haora) showed a lower Hindu proportion at 72.90% (3,535,844 individuals) and a higher Muslim share at 26.20% (1,270,641 individuals), alongside negligible percentages for Christians (0.18%), Sikhs (0.09%), Jains (0.04%), and Buddhists (0.02%).^[52] These figures reflect localized concentrations of Muslim populations in areas such as Shibpur and surrounding wards, where historical migration and settlement patterns have sustained higher densities compared to the city average, contributing to occasional communal tensions rooted in resource competition rather than doctrinal differences. Literacy rates exhibit disparities across religious lines, with Hindu-majority areas generally reporting higher figures (district average 85.21%, male 88.19%, female 82.01%) than Muslim-concentrated locales, attributable to differences in educational access and female enrollment rather than inherent cultural factors.^[50] Bengali serves as the dominant mother tongue in Howrah, spoken by approximately 85% of the city population as the primary language, aligning with its status as the official language of West Bengal and reflecting indigenous settlement patterns.^[53] Hindi and Urdu constitute notable minorities, comprising around 10-12% combined, primarily due to influxes of laborers from Hindi-belt states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh since the colonial era, who settled in industrial enclaves for jute mills and foundries.^[54] English proficiency remains low outside educated urban pockets, with multilingualism limited to about 5% of residents, underscoring persistent linguistic divides that correlate with occupational segregation—Bengali speakers predominant in formal services, while Hindi/Urdu speakers cluster in casual labor.^[55] Socioeconomically, Howrah features high reliance on the informal sector, where over 90% of manufacturing employment occurs in unorganized units like small-scale foundries and metalworking shops, employing nearly 40% of the workforce in low-skill, unregulated jobs vulnerable to economic shocks.^[56] ^[57] Poverty metrics indicate multidimensional deprivation affecting 12.84% of the district population as of NFHS-5 data (2019-2021), exceeding state averages in urban slum clusters due to overcrowding and limited access to sanitation, though below national rural benchmarks; income disparities persist, with informal workers earning 20-30% less than formal counterparts amid stagnant real wages since 2011.^[58] These patterns stem from deindustrialization of formal jute sectors post-1990s liberalization, pushing households into precarious self-employment without social security, exacerbating gender gaps where female labor participation hovers below 15% in paid informal roles.^[59]

Civic Administration

Municipal Corporation and Governance

The Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) was formed in 1984 through the upgrade of the existing Howrah Municipality, which had been established in 1862 to manage civic affairs in the city.^[60] The corporation operates under the Howrah Municipal Corporation Act, 1980, which provides for a governance structure comprising an elected Board of Councillors, a Mayor-in-Council, and administrative departments responsible for urban services.^[61] Elections for the 66 wards, organized into 7 boroughs, occur in cycles aligned with West Bengal's municipal polls, typically every five years, with the most recent significant addition involving the 2015 merger of Bally Municipality's 16 wards, all won by the Trinamool Congress.^[62] The Mayor, elected by councillors post-election, heads the executive, overseeing committees on finance, public works, and health. HMC's revenue primarily derives from property taxes, trade licenses, and grants from the state government, though collection efficiency remains low due to systemic issues in assessment and enforcement, contributing to fiscal shortfalls.^[63] ^[64] For instance, the 2019-20 budget allocated approximately ₹17,461 lakh for engineering-related revenue expenses and ₹5,400 lakh for finance and miscellaneous, but actual collections often fall short, with property tax— the core own-source revenue— hampered by inadequate base expansion and evasion.^[65] Expenditure patterns prioritize infrastructure maintenance and sanitation, yet audits reveal persistent gaps in service delivery, including underutilized funds for urban development amid rising demands from a dense population. Interactions with the West Bengal state government underscore governance challenges, including directives for performance improvements. In June 2024, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee publicly criticized HMC officials for widespread corruption, bribery in permitting illegal constructions, land grabbing, and inadequate conservancy services, leading to resident complaints and subsequent demolitions of unauthorized structures.^[66] ^[67] These rebukes highlight inefficiencies, such as delayed responses to encroachments and poor waste management efficacy, prompting state interventions to enforce accountability without altering core municipal autonomy.^[68]

Administrative Divisions and Services

Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) operates through seven boroughs that oversee 66 wards across 63.55 square kilometers, enabling ward-level coordination for civic functions such as maintenance and resident services.^[11] ^[69] Public safety is maintained by the Howrah Police Commissionerate, which administers 14 police stations within HMC limits, including Howrah, Shibpur, Dasnagar, Liluah, and Bantra, alongside additional rural stations under district jurisdiction.^[70] ^[71] Primary healthcare delivery includes multiple Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHCs) under HMC and the National Urban Health Mission, with facilities such as UPHC-I at 55 Shastri Narendra Gangully Street, UPHC-II at 18 Jeliapara in Salkia, and UPHC-III at 125/126 Shambhu Haldar Lane, focusing on outpatient services, immunization, and maternal care across designated wards.^[72] ^[73] Water supply distribution is handled by HMC's engineering department, drawing from Public Health Engineering (PHE) sources, including surface water-based piped schemes covering parts of Howrah; however, service interruptions have affected up to 23 wards serving around 4 lakh residents for periods exceeding 40 hours in reported incidents.^[74] ^[75] ^[76] Electricity provision by West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) extends to urban networks, supported by 534 customer care centers statewide, though specific urban coverage metrics for Howrah indicate reliance on ongoing rural electrification extensions into peri-urban areas.^[77] ^[78] Sanitation services under HMC emphasize solid waste management through identified processing sites and drainage maintenance via jet suction machines, but official urban coverage data remains limited, with national rural benchmarks at 88.4% as of 2018 not fully reflective of dense municipal densities.^[79] ^[80] ^[81] The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated devolution of 18 functions to urban local bodies like HMC, including water supply, public health, and urban forestry; yet, audits reveal only partial effective transfer in many cases, with persistent resource and authority gaps hindering full decentralization in entities such as Howrah.^[82]

Economy

Traditional Industries and MSMEs

Howrah's traditional industries have long been anchored in jute milling, engineering foundries, and hosiery production, which emerged during the colonial era and peaked in employment during the mid-20th century. Jute mills, processing raw fiber into burlap and other products, formed a cornerstone, with West Bengal hosting 75 of India's 104 mills as of 2024, many clustered in Howrah and adjacent areas along the Hooghly River; at their zenith in the 1950s–1960s, the state's jute sector employed over 300,000 workers directly, contributing significantly to Howrah's industrial workforce amid high demand for packaging materials.^[83]^[34] Engineering foundries and workshops, specializing in casting, forging, and metal fabrication, proliferated in Howrah from the 19th century, supporting shipbuilding and heavy machinery; by the 1950s, these units, numbering in the thousands, generated peak output tied to post-war reconstruction, with the district's small-scale engineering clusters employing tens of thousands in ancillary roles. Hosiery and light textile units complemented these, focusing on knitwear and garments for local and export markets.^[6] Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) dominate Howrah's industrial landscape, comprising over 90% of active units and driving localized production in engineering subsectors like forging, where approximately 500 units hold an installed capacity of 1 million tonnes annually, with 95% of West Bengal's forging concentrated in the district. These MSMEs, often family-run workshops, specialize in components for automobiles, railways, and machinery, sustaining employment for around 180,000 direct workers in key clusters as of recent profiles; handloom and hosiery MSMEs add to this, involving 11,127 artisans operating 5,355 looms as per the 4th Handloom Census. Export contributions from these units remain modest but vital, with engineering clusters supporting regional trade in metal products, though aggregate values are not comprehensively tracked at the district level.^[6]^[84] Post-independence interventions exacerbated decline in these sectors, as rigid labor laws and militant unionism—fueled by political patronage—led to chronic disruptions; West Bengal recorded 551 industrial strikes and 73 lockouts in the late 1960s–1970s, affecting 570,000 workers and slashing output, with jute production in state mills dropping from peaks of over 1 million tonnes in the 1950s to under 800,000 tonnes by the 1990s amid absenteeism rates exceeding 20% and capital flight. Engineering foundries similarly stagnated, their output share in state manufacturing falling from dominant levels in the 1950s to marginal by the 1990s due to governance failures and over-regulation, compelling modernization efforts only from the late 1990s onward.^[85]^[35]^[34]

Modern Growth and Commercial Sectors

In recent years, Howrah's commercial sectors have shown resurgence, fueled by enhanced connectivity and investments in logistics and manufacturing, aligning with national market-oriented reforms that prioritize infrastructure and private sector participation over localized state-driven policies. Central government initiatives, including multi-modal transport upgrades, have facilitated this growth by reducing logistical bottlenecks and attracting corporate expansions.^[86]^[87] Commercial real estate in Howrah recorded notable expansion in 2025, with surging demand for office and industrial spaces driven by proximity to Kolkata's metro area and improved infrastructure like elevated expressways. The district's industrial zones, particularly in West Howrah, benefited from projects such as a ₹700 crore foundry park, boosting investor interest in warehousing and light manufacturing facilities. This aligns with broader Kolkata commercial leasing volumes reaching 1.1 million sq ft in the first half of 2025, a 60% year-on-year increase, reflecting spillover effects into Howrah's peripheral markets.^[88]^[89]^[90] Logistics hubs have emerged as a key driver, exemplified by Mahindra Logistics' lease of a 475,000 sq ft Grade-A warehouse in Shubharara village, Howrah district, in October 2025, for a 9.9-year term valued at over ₹135 crore. This facility strengthens eastern India's supply chain connectivity, supporting e-commerce and manufacturing distribution, and underscores Howrah's role in the Kolkata metropolitan logistics ecosystem amid rising national FDI in warehousing.^[91]^[92]^[93] In textiles and MSMEs, TT Limited commenced commercial production at its new 125,000 sq ft factory in Howrah's West Bengal Hosiery Park in July 2025, focusing on innerwear and garments, which bolsters the district's traditional small-scale manufacturing base through modernized facilities. MSMEs, dominant in Howrah's engineering and hosiery clusters, continue to underpin local economic output, with recent park developments enabling scaled operations and export linkages.^[94]^[95] Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated development projects worth over ₹5,200 crore in August 2025, including the 7.2 km elevated Kona Expressway linking Howrah to Kolkata, projected to cut travel times and spur commercial activity in logistics and trade corridors. These central interventions, emphasizing physical infrastructure, have complemented private investments, positioning Howrah as an integral node in the Kolkata metro's economic expansion.^[86]^[87]

Infrastructure and Transport

Rail and Metro Systems

Howrah Junction, India's busiest railway station, handles over one million passengers daily and accommodates more than 600 trains per day across its 23 platforms.^[96]^[97] The station, operational since 1854, serves as a critical hub for long-distance and suburban traffic in the Eastern Railway zone, facilitating connectivity to major cities across India.^[98] Electrification of rail lines originating from Howrah marked early milestones in India's electric traction history, with the Howrah-Sheoraphuli section becoming the first in Eastern India to be electrified on December 14, 1957, using 3000 V DC overhead lines.^[99]^[100] This upgrade enabled electric multiple unit (EMU) services, enhancing capacity and efficiency for suburban commuters.^[101] Subsequent extensions, including the Howrah-Burdwan section completed in 1958, supported higher train frequencies and freight operations.^[102] The Kolkata Metro's East-West Corridor, known as the Green Line, provides underground connectivity to Howrah Maidan station, with full commercial operations from Sector V to Howrah Maidan commencing on August 22, 2025, spanning 16.6 km and including 180 daily services.^[103]^[104] Inaugurations of key segments, such as Esplanade-Howrah Maidan in March 2024, have improved peak-hour frequency to 8 minutes, alleviating surface congestion. Further expansions, including 19 km of new lines by end-2026, aim to extend metro reach and integrate with Howrah's rail network.^[105] Regional connectivity enhancements include renewed efforts on the 82.47 km Tarakeswar-Bishnupur new line project, linking Howrah via Tarakeswar to Bankura district for improved access to religious sites.^[106] Stalled since 2017 due to land acquisition issues, construction resumed in segments like Bhabhadighi in September 2025, promising reduced travel times from over 6 hours by road to 3 hours by EMU at fares around ₹30 from Howrah.^[107]^[108] This initiative supports socio-economic development in rural areas while boosting passenger ridership on feeder routes.^[109]

Roads, Bridges, and Connectivity

The Howrah Bridge, officially Rabindra Setu, is a balanced cantilever truss bridge spanning the Hooghly River and linking Howrah to Kolkata since its opening on February 3, 1943.^[110] Constructed without the use of nuts or bolts in its riveting, it measures 705 meters in total length, with a central span of 457 meters and a width of 21.6 meters accommodating eight vehicular lanes and two pedestrian walkways.^[110] The bridge supports a daily load of approximately 100,000 vehicles and over 150,000 pedestrians, reflecting its critical role in regional mobility despite originating from a 1936 design era.^[111] To address mounting congestion on the Howrah Bridge, the Vidyasagar Setu—also known as the Second Hooghly Bridge—opened on October 10, 1992, as India's first major cable-stayed structure.^[112] This 823-meter-long bridge, featuring 121 cables, carries the Kona Expressway (NH 117) and connects southern Howrah to Kolkata, easing cross-river commutes by diverting traffic southward.^[113] Howrah's vehicular network integrates with National Highway 16, which traverses the district and extends connectivity southward toward Chennai, handling substantial freight and passenger volumes amid industrial hubs.^[114] The district maintains roughly 300 kilometers of roads across its 1,469 square kilometers, though urban segments in the Howrah Municipal Corporation area—spanning about 52 square kilometers—face acute congestion from dense population, jute mills traffic, and limited road space relative to demand.^[115]^[116] This strain is evident in bottlenecks like the Kona Expressway approaches, where commercial vehicles exacerbate delays.^[117]

Recent Infrastructure Projects

On 22 August 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the 7.2 km six-lane elevated Kona Expressway in Howrah, estimated at Rs 1,200 crore, as part of central government-led infrastructure initiatives.^[86] This elevated corridor, connecting Howrah's Kona area to Kolkata's V.I.P. Road, addresses chronic congestion on existing routes and integrates with National Highway 12, facilitating faster links to rural hinterlands and reducing commute times by up to two hours for thousands of daily travelers.^[118] Construction timelines target operationalization within three years, with central funding covering the bulk via the National Highways Authority of India, contrasting limited state-level road upgrades in the region.^[119] The same event inaugurated 13.61 km of new Kolkata Metro stretches worth over Rs 3,000 crore, including the 2.45 km Sealdah-Esplanade extension on the Green Line, directly benefiting Howrah by linking its major railway station to Sealdah and central Kolkata hubs.^[120] This JICA-assisted segment, operational from late 2025, enhances last-mile connectivity for Howrah's commuter base, with daily ridership projections exceeding 50,000 and integration via under-river tunnels for seamless east-west transit.^[121] Additional inaugurations included the Howrah Metro Subway upgrade and airport-linked Orange Line extensions, underscoring central prioritization of urban rail over state-managed bus rapid transit delays.^[122] These initiatives, aggregated under a Rs 5,200 crore package primarily funded by the Union government, extend indirect benefits to Howrah's proximity to the Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub in adjacent New Town, where improved expressway and metro access is projected to cut commute times by 30-40 minutes for the hub's anticipated 100,000 jobs by late 2025.^[86] State contributions remain ancillary, focused on land acquisition, while central execution drives empirical gains in logistics efficiency, with reports estimating a 1.5-2x multiplier on regional GDP through enhanced industrial throughput.^[87]^[123]

Urban Challenges

Waste Management and Pollution

The Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) generates approximately 825 tons of solid waste daily, much of which remains unprocessed due to inadequate infrastructure and enforcement, exacerbating public health risks as highlighted by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in October 2024. The NGT criticized HMC for failing to manage waste effectively, noting leachate contamination of the Hooghly River and non-compliance with solid waste rules, with segregated collection operational in only 11 of 50 wards as of early 2024. Legacy waste at sites like Belgachia has been partially processed since July 2023 under the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, but vague reporting and slow progress prompted the NGT in October 2025 to demand a detailed action plan for waste and sewage management, underscoring governance lapses in oversight and implementation.^[124]^[125]^[126]^[127]^[128]^[2] A major landfill incident occurred on March 21, 2025, at the Belgachia dumping ground, where subsidence caused roads to crack and approximately 100 houses to collapse, displacing residents and disrupting water and power supply due to decades of unchecked waste accumulation. The NGT subsequently directed HMC to file a status report on remediation efforts, revealing how overloaded dumpsites, without proper engineering, lead to structural failures linked directly to municipal neglect. Affected families were promised new housing under state schemes, but the event exposed the unsustainability of current disposal practices, with daily waste volumes overwhelming sites and prompting temporary shifts to alternative locations like Ramrajatala.^[129]^[130]^[131]^[132] Industrial effluents and unmanaged waste contribute to severe air and water pollution in Howrah, with PM2.5 levels routinely exceeding India's National Ambient Air Quality Standards by 1.25 times annually, and surpassing 24-hour limits on 42% of days in the Kolkata-Howrah region. Over 1,100 industrial units along the Hooghly discharge untreated sewage and hazardous waste, including heavy metals and nitrates, contaminating river water and seeping into groundwater, while leachate from dumpsites further pollutes the waterway. Episodes like Kali Puja in October 2025 saw PM2.5 spike to 364 at Belur, highlighting how industrial emissions combined with open burning of waste amplify particulate pollution beyond safe norms.^[133]^[134]^[135]^[136] Informal waste scavenging, prevalent amid HMC's collection shortfalls, exposes workers to airborne toxins from landfills, resulting in high rates of respiratory dysfunction, infections, and injuries, with studies linking such exposure to elevated tuberculosis incidence and reduced life expectancy around 39 years among pickers. In Howrah's polluted environment, PM2.5 contributes to thousands of annual hospital admissions for respiratory diseases across West Bengal, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups near industrial and dump zones, where governance failures in formal waste systems perpetuate reliance on unregulated labor.^[137]^[138]^[139]

Flooding, Subsidence, and Civic Failures

Howrah experiences recurrent monsoon flooding, particularly in low-lying areas such as Pilkhana, Tikiapara, Bamangachi, and Salkia, where heavy rainfall in August and September 2025 led to knee- to waist-deep water accumulation, disrupting mobility, trade, and education for weeks.^[140]^[141] In these events, waterlogging persisted due to overwhelmed drainage systems, with residents reporting prolonged submersion that turned streets into impassable hazards and halted daily activities.^[142] Broader regional heavy rains in September 2025, affecting Howrah alongside Kolkata, contributed to at least 12 fatalities across the area, primarily from electrocution amid flooded conditions, though specific Howrah casualties were not isolated in official tallies.^[143] Encroachment on water bodies exacerbates flooding by reducing natural drainage capacity, as seen in degraded sites like Santragachi Lake, where unauthorized constructions and inflows have diminished water retention and outflow efficiency, per environmental assessments.^[144] Investigations into urban flood patterns in the Howrah-Kolkata basin highlight how such encroachments, combined with siltation in channels, amplify runoff during monsoons, leading to faster inundation in densely populated wards.^[145] Restoration efforts post-2025 floods faced delays, with waterlogged areas remaining submerged for extended periods despite municipal pumping operations, underscoring inadequate pre-monsoon desilting and channel maintenance.^[140] Land subsidence incidents compound civic vulnerabilities, notably in March 2025 when a cave-in in Belgachia ruptured a 1-km-long water pipeline on March 21, triggering acute shortages across multiple Howrah Municipal Corporation wards and affecting thousands of residents.^[146]^[147] The event, linked to a March 20 landslide in nearby Bhagar, displaced 70 to 96 families, leaving them homeless and without power or water for days as restoration lagged.^[148]^[131] Officials initiated rehabilitation under the Banglar Bari scheme, but initial responses were criticized for slow infrastructure repairs, with affected areas experiencing prolonged service disruptions.^[149] These subsidence events reveal systemic preparedness gaps, including unaddressed underground instability from prior urban development, resulting in cascading failures during routine maintenance.^[150]

Encroachments, Corruption, and Land Issues

In June 2024, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee publicly criticized the Howrah Municipal Corporation for widespread land grabs, illegal constructions, and corruption involving bribes for approving encroachments and building permissions, describing the situation as a "dire" outcome of municipal inefficiency.^[66] She specifically highlighted Howrah and adjacent Bally areas, where officials allegedly facilitated unauthorized structures on government land, leading to her directive for investigations and demolitions.^[68] Following her remarks, the corporation demolished several illegal high-rise structures and issued notices to 43 buildings for violations.^[67] Encroachments have extended to water bodies, exacerbating urban vulnerabilities; for instance, portions of ponds near major hospitals in Howrah and Bally were filled for industrial ancillary units, prompting administrative interventions to reclaim and excavate sites like a 16-katha pond in Liluah's Chakpada area in 2025.^[151]^[152] Banerjee reiterated opposition to such fillings for construction, noting complaints of ponds being converted despite directives, which undermines flood mitigation and property rights.^[153] Resident backlash has manifested in protests against alleged land grabs by local Trinamool Congress affiliates, including women's demonstrations in areas like Panchla mirroring Sandeshkhali unrest, where grievances centered on unauthorized seizures and destruction of community resources such as dighis.^[154]^[155] Opposition groups like the All India Forward Bloc have escalated movements against these grabs in Howrah, citing erosion of agricultural and residential holdings.^[156] These issues have contributed to stalled investments and urban decay, as corruption in permission processes deters legitimate development while fostering a land mafia environment acknowledged even by ruling party leaders.^[157]^[158]

Education and Healthcare

Key Educational Institutions

The Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur (IIEST Shibpur), serves as Howrah's flagship engineering institution, evolving from early 19th-century technical education efforts in the region and now functioning as an Institute of National Importance. It hosts over 4,000 students, including approximately 2,872 undergraduates, 560 postgraduates, and 747 doctoral candidates, with annual intake around 1,500 across 16 departments and 8 schools focused on engineering and technology disciplines.^[159]^[160] Other prominent undergraduate colleges include Narasinha Dutt College, enrolling nearly 5,000 students in arts, science, and commerce programs, and Uluberia College, which emphasizes higher education access in the district's peripheral areas. Engineering options extend to institutions like the Calcutta Institute of Technology in Uluberia, offering B.Tech programs in fields such as computer science and mechanical engineering.^[161]^[162]^[163] Howrah district records a literacy rate of 83.31%, exceeding West Bengal's state average of approximately 80.5%, with urban areas like Howrah city at 88.71%. Despite this, secondary-level dropout rates pose challenges, reaching 7.15% in Howrah for 2019-20, contributing to broader state trends where secondary attrition hits 17.8% amid retention difficulties post-upper primary.^[164]^[51]^[165]^[166] Public schools face quality disparities relative to private counterparts, with parental preferences shifting toward private institutions due to superior infrastructure, teaching approaches, and learning outcomes, as evidenced by enrollment patterns and attainment studies linking school facilities to student performance. Rural public primaries often lag in basic amenities, exacerbating access gaps for lower-income and marginalized groups, though private expansion has increased options at primary levels.^[167]^[168]^[169]

Healthcare Facilities and Access

Howrah's primary public healthcare facility is the Howrah District Hospital, which serves as the district's main government-run institution with a pre-COVID bed capacity of 636, expanded by 25 additional beds through NGO support during the pandemic to address overflow demands.^[170] This hospital provides essential services including emergency care, pediatrics, and cardiology, though it faces challenges like overcrowding and limited specialized equipment relative to urban population density.^[171] Private hospitals supplement public capacity, with facilities like Narayana Superspeciality Hospital offering 417 beds focused on multi-specialty care including cardiology and oncology.^[172] Similarly, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital provides 160 beds for general and advanced treatments.^[173] Public shortages, including long wait times and inadequate staffing, drive reliance on these private options, particularly in urban areas where insurance networks enable cashless access.^[171] Access disparities persist between urban and rural zones, with urban residents benefiting from private clinics and proximity to Kolkata's facilities, while rural areas depend almost entirely on under-resourced public infrastructure like primary health centers.^[171] Disease burdens exacerbate these gaps; urban slums in Howrah show elevated rates of pulmonary tuberculosis linked to malnutrition, with studies indicating significant undernutrition among affected patients.^[174] Non-communicable disease risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, also prevail in rural pockets due to limited preventive screening.^[175] West Bengal's infant mortality rate stood at approximately 22 per 1,000 live births in recent data, aligning closely with India's national average of around 27, though local variations in Howrah reflect ongoing pressures from infectious diseases like cholera clusters in peri-urban areas.^[176] ^[177] COVID-era expansions, including temporary oxygen and bed additions, temporarily bolstered capacity but highlighted systemic underinvestment in baseline public health metrics.^[170]

Culture and Society

Neighbourhoods and Community Dynamics

Shibpur, a key industrial neighbourhood in southern Howrah, features a mix of manufacturing units including engineering, steel fabrication, and foundries, attracting a predominantly working-class population engaged in blue-collar labour. With an estimated population of approximately 193,000 residents, the area reflects socioeconomic profiles shaped by industrial employment, though the sector has faced decline due to outdated infrastructure and competition.^[6]^[178] High population density exacerbates living conditions, contributing to integration challenges among diverse worker communities drawn from local and migrant backgrounds.^[179] In contrast, Bally, located in northern Howrah, serves as a primarily residential suburb with a 2011 census population of 293,373, where 52% were male and families benefit from proximity to the Ganges and basic amenities like markets and transport links. The area's community dynamics emphasize familial living and neighbourhood support, with residents noting a sense of cohesion amid urban expansion, though rapid growth strains housing and services.^[180] Bally's demographics include significant Bengali Hindu majorities alongside Muslim minorities, mirroring district-wide patterns. Howrah's overall population mixes stem from historical migrations, particularly the post-1947 partition influx from East Pakistan, which accelerated growth and diversified communities across neighbourhoods.^[181] The district's religious composition, per the 2011 census, shows Hindus at 72.9% (3,535,844 persons) and Muslims at 26.2% (1,270,641 persons), with migration contributing to ethnic and linguistic variety including Bihari and Hindi-speaking groups.^[52] This diversity fosters mixed neighbourhoods but imposes empirical integration pressures, such as resource competition in dense urban settings exceeding 3,300 persons per square kilometre. Local markets in areas like Shibpur and Bally act as social connectors, facilitating daily interactions and economic exchanges that underpin community fabric despite infrastructural limitations.^[182]

Sports and Cultural Activities

Sports in Howrah emphasize community participation in cricket, football, and athletics, supported by local grounds and clubs amid constrained urban infrastructure. The Sabuj Sathi Krirangan in Dumurjala functions as the district's sole indoor multi-purpose stadium, accommodating events across disciplines.^[183] Outdoor venues include the Howrah Municipal Corporation Stadium and Dumurjola Stadium, which host district-level tournaments in football and cricket.^[184] Private turfs such as GOAT Arena in Salkia offer box cricket, net cricket, and football pitches, reflecting adaptations to space limitations through smaller-scale facilities.^[185] The Howrah District Sports Association, established in 1938, coordinates activities affiliated with state federations for football, cricket, athletics, basketball, and badminton, promoting grassroots competitions.^[186] Athletic clubs like Vivekananda Athletic Club and Liluah Udayan Sangha engage in track and field events, though achievements remain localized without major national accolades.^[187] Football draws significant interest, with community matches at turfs like Turf 99, where participants use provided equipment for safety.^[188] Cultural activities revolve around seasonal festivals, with Durga Puja in October as the focal tradition, marked by sarbojanin pandals erected in narrow streets to accommodate dense populations.^[189] These urban adaptations feature compact installations by committees like Arabinda Nagar Arabinda Sangha, emphasizing communal devotion over expansive displays.^[190] Traditional elements persist in bonedi baris of old families, preserving rituals amid industrial surroundings.^[191] Folk practices, including Baul music and Tarja performances by artists like Gunadhar Santra, occur at community gatherings, sustaining rural-influenced arts in the city setting.^[192]

Notable People

Kanan Devi (22 April 1916 – 17 July 1992), born in Howrah to a poor family, emerged as one of the first female superstars in Indian cinema, starring in over 60 Bengali and Hindi films while pioneering playback singing techniques.^[193] Her debut came at age 10 in the silent film Pagla Hawar, and she later formed her own production company, earning accolades like the BFJA Award in 1978 for lifetime achievement.^[194] Sisir Kumar Bhaduri (2 October 1889 – 30 June 1959), born at Ramrajatala in Howrah district, was a foundational figure in modern Bengali theatre, directing over 300 plays and founding the Mandi group in 1924 to promote professional drama.^[195] He transitioned to film, helming early talkies such as Jamai Shashthi (1931), and taught at institutions like Rabindra Bharati University, influencing generations of performers. Tulsi Chakraborty (3 March 1899 – 11 December 1961), born in Goari village near Howrah, gained fame as a versatile character actor in Bengali cinema, appearing in classics like Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali (1955) and Jalsaghar (1958).^[196] Starting in theatre under his uncle's guidance, he acted in over 200 films, often portraying comic or paternal roles, and received the President's Award posthumously in 1961. Rudranil Ghosh (born 6 January 1973 in Howrah), a prominent actor in Bengali commercial films, has featured in more than 50 productions since his 2003 debut in Eashwar Ante Eshwar, earning critical acclaim for versatile roles blending action and drama.^[197] He also ventured into politics, joining the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2021 after affiliations with other parties.^[198] Manoj Tiwary (born 14 November 1985 in Howrah), a right-handed batsman and leg-spin bowler, represented India in 12 ODIs between 2008 and 2015, scoring 374 runs at an average of 37.40, and captained Bengal to their first Ranji Trophy title in 2019–20.^[199] His domestic career includes over 10,000 first-class runs, highlighting his consistency in longer formats.^[200]

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[74]
Water Supply - Howrah Municipal Corporation
Water supply section of engineering Dept. At central office looks after the entire distribution system of HMC areas including bally office( Ward – 1 to 66)
[75]
PHE | Howrah District Website | India
Howrah Division PHE Dte. 43, Netaji Subhas Road, Howrah – 711101. Susoma ... Drinking-Water supply in rural areas of Howrah District. Structure of the ...
[76]
Residents of 23 Howrah wards go without water for nearly 40 hours
Mar 21, 2025 · Nearly 40 hours on, around 4 lakh Howrah residents across 23 wards continued to experience severe water shortage.Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[77]
Welcome to WBSEDCL
Register your Mobile, E-Mail · Consumer Login · Guidelines for New Connection ; Apply New Connection / Alteration · Online Payment · Download Payment Receipt.Pay (Registered Consumers) · Quick Pay (Bill) · Download payment receipt · CareerMissing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[78]
WBSEDCL | Howrah District Website | India
Its network is supported by five zones, 20 regional offices, 76 distribution divisions and 534 customer care centers. Schemes under that department: Notable ...Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[79]
SWM - Howrah Municipal Corporation
Howrah Municipal Corporation is taking an exemplary step by moving towards a cleaner, Greener, Sustainable & Waste Free Tomorrow. HMC has identified the Waste ...Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[80]
Sewerage & Drainage - Howrah Municipal Corporation
The main task of the Department is to prevent water logging due to clogging of Sewer Lines. This is done by Jet Cum Suction Machines and Bucket Machines.Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[81]
[PDF] Government of India Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation LOK ...
Jul 26, 2018 · District-wise sanitation coverage is given at Annexure-2. (b) Rural sanitation coverage has increased from 38.7% in October 2014 to 88.4% as on.
[82]
74th Amendment: CAG report flags 'weak compliance' - ThePrint
Nov 14, 2024 · 74th Amendment: While 17 of 18 functions were devolved to urban local bodies, CAG found 4 were 'effectively devolved with complete ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[83]
Bengal's Jute Mills Run on the Labour of 'Zero Number' Workers
Feb 25, 2024 · With 75 out of 104 of India's jute mills located in the state, Bengal is still the hub of the Indian jute industry, valued at Rs 10,000 crore.
[84]
MSME | Howrah District Website | India
Statistics / Achievements. As per 4thHandloom Census in Howrah district there are 11127 persons related to handloom industry and 5355 looms. Thirteen (13) ...
[85]
The Communists Kick-Started Bengal's Decline Exactly Half A ...
May 31, 2017 · That year, a total of 551 industrial strikes and 73 lockouts were reported in Bengal and 5.7 lakh workers were adversely affected. And by then, ...
[86]
PM lays foundation stone, inaugurates multiple development ...
Aug 22, 2025 · PM lays foundation stone, inaugurates multiple development projects worth over Rs 5,200 crore at Kolkata, West Bengal. 22 Aug, 2025. facebook ...
[87]
PM Modi launches Rs 5,200 cr development projects in Kolkata
Aug 22, 2025 · Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stone for development projects worth over Rs 5200 crore in Kolkata, ...
[88]
Howrah's Commercial Real Estate Sector Witnesses Record Growth ...
Mar 31, 2025 · Howrah's commercial real estate market is booming in 2025 with record office space demand, driven by infrastructure upgrades and competitive ...
[89]
West Howrah's Industrial Surge: Unlocking New Avenues for ...
May 8, 2025 · Investigate Howrah's 2025 industrial boom, with record infrastructure-driven demand and a ₹700 crore foundry park leading the charge.
[90]
Kolkata's commercial real estate records 60% year-on-year growth ...
Jul 3, 2025 · Kolkata's commercial real estate sector recorded a 60-per cent year-on-year surge in leasing volumes, reaching 1.1 million sq ft in the first half of 2025.
[91]
Mahindra Logistics leases 4.75 lakh sq ft warehouse in West Bengal ...
Oct 15, 2025 · Mahindra Logistics has leased a 4.75 lakh sq ft ... The warehousing space is located in Shubharara village, Howrah district, West Bengal.<|separator|>
[92]
Mahindra Logistics leases 4.75 lakh sq ft warehouse in Kolkata
Oct 15, 2025 · Mahindra Logistics is expanding its presence in eastern India. The company has leased a large warehousing space in Howrah, near Kolkata.
[93]
https://www.constructionworld.in/urban-infrastructure/warehouse-and-logistics/mahindra-logistics-leases-rs-1.35-billion-warehouse-near-kolkata/80329
[94]
T.T. Ltd. commences commercial production in West Bengal facility
Jul 23, 2025 · TT Limited commenced commercial production in its new factory established in Howrah West Bengal in an area of 1.25 lac Sq Ft. in the West Bengal Hosiery Park.
[95]
T.T. Ltd. Begins Production At New Howrah Unit - Textile Insights
Jul 21, 2025 · T.T. Limited has commenced commercial production at its newly established factory in Howrah, West Bengal, starting July 2025.
[96]
This Is Indias Busiest Railway Station, Handles Over 600 Trains ...
Oct 15, 2024 · Handling over one million passengers and over 600 trains daily, Howrah Railway Station is one of the busiest railway stations in India. It ...
[97]
Howrah to Vijayawada: Explore India's 7 busiest railway stations
Oct 22, 2024 · Located in Kolkata, Howrah Junction is one of India's oldest and busiest stations. It has 23 platforms and serves over a million passengers daily.
[98]
10 Most Busiest Railway Stations in India
1. Howrah Junction Railway Station ... Howrah Junction holds the record for being the busiest station and the station with the highest number of platforms and ...
[99]
Electrification of railway network in India completes 100 years
Feb 3, 2025 · 3000V DC EMU services were started in Howrah-Sheoraphuli section on 14th December 1957. Production of Electric locomotives was simultaneously ...
[100]
India's 100 Years of Electric Railways – A Historic Milestone
Feb 2, 2025 · A government committee recommended adopting the 3000V DC system, leading to the inauguration of the first electrified route between Howrah and ...
[101]
100 Years of Electric Railways in India: A Milestone for Indian ...
Feb 2, 2025 · The first section of electrified track in Eastern India was inaugurated between Howrah and Sheoraphuli in December 1957.
[102]
The Modi magic continues : Indian Railways is now fully electrified
Apr 15, 2025 · The electrification of the Howrah-Burdwan section of the Eastern Railway zone at 3000 V DC was also completed in 1958. The first 3000 V DC EMU ...
[103]
Kolkata East West Metro: EW Metro's full run to begin Friday; 180 ...
Aug 20, 2025 · Kolkata's East-West Metro, also known as the Green Line, is set to commence its full operations from Sector V to Howrah Maidan on Friday.
[104]
PM Modi to inaugurate new Kolkata metro lines on Aug 22
Aug 21, 2025 · Prime Minister will flag off metro train services on the newly constructed sections in Kolkata at around 4:15 pm on Friday, August 22.
[105]
Green Line (Kolkata Metro) - Wikipedia
The section between Esplanade and Howrah Maidan was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 March 2024. The final Esplanade and Sealdah section was ...Howrah Maidan metro station · Sealdah metro station · Esplanade metro station
[106]
https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C4%2C268&dcd=10862&did=1745216833868F6A794EEE6AD3A1645011A7DC5B11F72
[107]
THE TARAKESWAR-BISHNUPUR NEW LINE PROJECT WILL ...
Apr 21, 2025 · whereas the journey by EMU train will be completed in 3 hours. The fare from Howrah to Bishnupur by a EMU train will be around ₹30 ...Missing: renewal | Show results with:renewal
[108]
Bhabhadighi railway project at Goghat begins after 12-year delay
Sep 12, 2025 · The Bhabhadighi rail project, part of the stalled Tarakeswar–Bishnupur railway line in Goghat finally commenced today.<|control11|><|separator|>
[109]
ER urges cooperation for completion of Tarakeswar-Bishnupur Rail ...
Apr 18, 2025 · The 82.5-km project, aimed at boosting connectivity across key religious and cultural locations in the state, has been stalled since 2017 due to ...
[110]
Eastern Railway renews efforts to complete Tarakeswar-Bishnupur ...
Mar 30, 2024 · "This is an 82.47 km project. Tarakeswar is already connected to the Howrah station by a 57 km train route. After completion of this project, ...Missing: renewal | Show results with:renewal
[111]
Rabindra Setu / Howrah Bridge - Kolkata, West Bengal
The bridge was completed in 1874, at a total cost of 2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft.
[112]
Howrah bridge's health audit, 1st time in 4 decades, starts
Nov 17, 2024 · It carries a daily traffic of approximately 1,00,000 vehicles and more than 1,50,000 pedestrians. The first vehicle to use the bridge was a tram ...Missing: specifications | Show results with:specifications
[113]
Vidyasagar Setu | Howrah District Website | India
The bridge carries the Kona Expressway (or NH 117) and connects Howrah to Kolkata. Vidyasagar Setu was built to decrease the congestion on Howrah Bridge that is ...
[114]
Second Hooghly Bridge (2025) - All You Need to Know BEFORE ...
Rating 4.5 (153) This bridge connects the twin city Kolkata and Howrah. With a total length of 823 metres (2,700 ft), Vidyasagar Setu is the longest cable–stayed bridge in India ...Missing: connectivity | Show results with:connectivity
[115]
NH 16 Highway: Route map, Connectivity, Toll, & Latest Updates
NH 16 Highway is a vital connection between the Eastern and Southern zones of India. It connects Chennai in Tamil Nadu to Kolkata in West Bengal, passing ...Missing: density Howrah
[116]
[PDF] DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF HOWRAH DISTRICT
Feb 21, 2023 · GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL. DIRECTORATE OF MINES & MINERALS. 4 ... District Survey Report. Howrah District,. West Bengal. Page 1 of 89. EXECUTIVE ...
[117]
[PDF] A PROFILE OF ROAD TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT IN HOWRAH ...
Howrah, the sister city of Kolkata displays a continuous transformation of its urban land use pattern since its inception near about 500 years ago.Missing: metrics | Show results with:metrics
[118]
Chaos on Kona Expressway - Kolkata on Wheels
The Kona Expressway is chaotic due to increased traffic, the narrow Santragachi Bridge, 5-2-1 lane reduction, commercial vehicles, and lack of supervision.Missing: Howrah volume
[119]
PM lays foundation stone of 7.2-km six-lane elevated Kona ...
Aug 22, 2025 · The project aims to improve connectivity between Howrah, Kolkata and nearby rural areas. The project is expected to boost trade and tourism.
[120]
PM Modi lays foundation of Rs 1,200 cr Kona Expressway ... - ThePrint
Aug 22, 2025 · Kolkata: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday laid the foundation stone of the 7.2-km six-lane elevated Kona Expressway, worth Rs 1,200 ...
[121]
PM Modi flags off three new metro links in Kolkata - The Hindu
Aug 22, 2025 · Prime Minister Modi inaugurates new metro routes in Kolkata, including direct link to airport, improving city's transportation network.Missing: 2023-2025 | Show results with:2023-2025
[122]
PM Modi inaugurates JICA-funded Esplanade–Sealdah Metro ...
Aug 23, 2025 · The projects together expand Kolkata's metro reach by 13.61 km, strengthening the city's multimodal transport network. Inaugurated Sections & ...
[123]
Kolkata Metro to get three new lines: Check routes, stations, and 10 ...
Aug 22, 2025 · Kolkata will get its second lifeline when the full 16.6 km East-West Metro, connecting Salt Lake Sector V to Howrah Maidan, is commissioned.
[124]
Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub::HIDCO
Envisaged as a world-class technology center, the Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub will provide the entire gamut of physical infrastructure to accommodate tech- ...
[125]
NGT Slams Howrah Civic Body Over Garbage Crisis: Public Health ...
Oct 5, 2024 · The National Green Tribunal has criticized Howrah Municipal Corporation for failing to manage waste, leading to severe public health risks.
[126]
Daily Court Digest: Major environment orders (October 8, 2024)
Oct 10, 2024 · The National Green Tribunal reprimands Howrah Municipal Corporation for failing to manage solid waste, with leachate contaminating the River ...Missing: crisis | Show results with:crisis
[127]
[PDF] The Escalating Crisis of Overfilled Dumping Yards in Kolkata and ...
Howrah fares even worse, with segregated waste collection operational in only 11 out of 50 wards as of early 2024, with plans for limited expansion 7. This ...
[128]
NGT seeks detailed action plan on Howrah waste mgmt | Kolkata ...
Oct 12, 2025 · Howrah: No more vague reports, NGT sought a detailed action plan for waste and sewage management in Howrah and to ensure effective ...Missing: 2024 | Show results with:2024
[129]
Daily Court Digest: Major environment orders (June 18, 2024)
Jun 19, 2024 · The commissioner for HMC submitted an affidavit on June 11, 2024 in reply to a previous NGT order. Legacy waste processing at the Belgachia ...Missing: crisis | Show results with:crisis<|separator|>
[130]
File status report on Belgachia waste dump fiasco, National Green ...
Mar 28, 2025 · The Belgachia bhagar area (garbage dumping ground) suffered a major disaster on March 21. Roads suffered cracks and about a hundred houses collapsed due to ...
[131]
Howrah landslide: Bengal govt to 'build apartments for families ...
Mar 26, 2025 · On Thursday morning, a landslide in the area at the edge of a landfill cracked roads, damaged over 100 houses, and disconnected the drinking ...
[132]
Howrah subsidence victims to receive new houses, landfill to be ...
Mar 26, 2025 · ... 2025) said that 96 families affected by ground subsidence in Howrah's Belgachia would be provided new homes under the Banglar Bari scheme.
[133]
HMC finds new waste site at Ramrajatala | Kolkata News
Mar 25, 2025 · HMC vice-chairman Debanshu Das said that around 500-550 tonne of waste is generated in Howrah city daily would henceforth be sent to the new ...Missing: unprocessed | Show results with:unprocessed
[134]
Spatiotemporal distribution of PM 2.5 and health risk assessment in ...
PM2.5 levels consistently exceeded the NAAQS levels in India (1.25 times). · The 24-h NAAQS exceeded 42% of days in Kolkata. · The HQ values for non-carcinogenic ...
[135]
Lifeline of Kolkata: Hooghly River Restoration through Innovation ...
Increased Urban Flooding. Neglected rivers lose their natural ability to manage water flow. The Hooghly is no different. Years of solid waste dumping and ...
[136]
[PDF] Evaluation of the Water Quality Status of Hooghly River ... - bepls
Industrial Sources: Industrial waste and urban wastes are the main sources of Hooghly river basin pollution. Most of the industries are situated on the banks ...
[137]
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12490556/
[138]
Occupational Safety and Health Risks of Informal Waste Workers in ...
Jul 24, 2025 · Physical injuries, such as cuts, needlestick injuries, and traffic accidents, were frequently reported (b, f). Respiratory problems were common ...Missing: Howrah | Show results with:Howrah
[139]
Airborne pollutants from landfills and their health effects on ...
Oct 3, 2025 · These were associated with respiratory dysfunction, cardiovascular risks, infectious diseases, and possible carcinogenic effects. Scavengers and ...
[140]
Spatiotemporal distribution of air quality dynamics and health risks ...
Sep 16, 2024 · The hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in exposure to short-term effects of PM2.5 were 2828, 4427, 423 and 366 respectively in ...<|separator|>
[141]
Waist-deep in watery horror: Howrah floods turn daily life into battle
Aug 7, 2025 · Waterlogged and poor condition of Bamungachi Benaras Road Howrah on Tuesday afternoon. (05.08.2025) | The Telegraph picture by - Bishwarup Dutta ...
[142]
Flood situation in Howrah: Pilkhana, Tikiapara Struggle ... - Facebook
Sep 23, 2025 · Low-lying areas such as Pilkhana, Tikiapara, and several adjoining neighborhoods have been submerged underknee-to- waist-deep water, turning ...
[143]
Tale of two floods: Filthy and flooded, Howrah sinks in garbage ...
Aug 12, 2025 · In March, disaster struck the city's largest dumping ground in Belgachia. Roads cracked and nearly 100 homes collapsed after decades of ...Missing: landfill | Show results with:landfill
[144]
At least 12 dead as record rain floods India's Kolkata - Reuters
Sep 24, 2025 · At least 12 people died as heavy rain lashed the eastern Indian city of Kolkata and surrounding areas ahead of a major festival, flooding ...
[145]
Santragachi Lake Restoration: A Scalable Urban Sustainability Plan ...
Sewage inflow, solid waste dumping, and lack of desilting have turned the lake into a stagnant water body. This decline is not just environmental—it is ...
[146]
Encroachment leads to higher flood risks - The Indian Express
Dec 12, 2024 · Letting water bodies pollute is a weapon to degrade the ecosystem services of water bodies and facilitate encroachment. These factors contribute ...
[147]
Howrah Land Subsidence Crisis: Infrastructure Damage Sparks ...
Mar 23, 2025 · The Belgachia area was severely affected on March 21, when the subsidence ruptured a vital 1-km-long water pipeline, resulting in acute ...Missing: burst | Show results with:burst
[148]
Bengal: Land sinks in Belgachia, residents left without roof, water ...
Mar 24, 2025 · A significant land subsidence took place in the area on Thursday morning, damaging critical infrastructure, including a 1-km-long water pipeline ...Missing: landfill | Show results with:landfill
[149]
Howrah cave-in triggers water crisis, leaves 70 families homeless
Pipeline burst after road collapse disrupts water and power supply in Howrah; over 70 displaced families stage protests.
[150]
After land subsidence in Howrah, residents left without water, power
Mar 23, 2025 · The rupture led to an acute water shortage in several wards of Howrah Municipal Corporation, affecting thousands of residents, sources said.Missing: burst | Show results with:burst
[151]
Gas Poisoning, Land Subsidence Fear Grips Howrah Near Kolkata
The March 20 landslide occurred in Bhagar and damaged the main water supply lines of North Howrah and Shibpur centres. People in a vast area ...Missing: burst | Show results with:burst
[152]
Encroachment of govt land causing problems for two major Howrah ...
A portion of a water-body was filled up to set up ancillary units of an adjacent factory in the other hospital at Bally Assembly constituency area in the ...
[153]
Howrah administration has resumed excavation of a 16-katha pond ...
Jun 7, 2025 · Howrah administration has resumed excavation of a 16-katha pond in the Chakpada Kalitala area of Liluah that was being illegally filled.
[154]
Chief Minister Criticizes Filling of Ponds for Constructions | Kolkata ...
Jun 25, 2024 · Mayor Firhad Hakim's office has been flooded with complaints of water bodies being filled up, especially in KMC-added areas, such as Behala, ...
[155]
After Sandeshkhali, women in Howrah protest illegal land grabbing ...
Feb 20, 2024 · On 8th February this year, hundreds of women in Sandeshkhali took to the streets to protest against land grabbing, non-payment of wages and ...
[156]
Land brought Mamata Banerjee to power. Will it be her nemesis?
Feb 22, 2024 · LAND GRAB PROTESTS IN HOWRAH'S PANCHLA. Sandeshkhali isn't the only place where the Trinamool is facing protests over land-grab. Similar ...
[157]
Forward Bloc to intensify movement against 'land grabbing' in Howrah
Jun 15, 2025 · The farmers' front of the All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) on Saturday said that they will sharpen their movement against alleged land grabbing in Howrah's ...
[158]
Mamata Banerjee's Corruption Crackdown: Calculated move or ...
Jul 8, 2024 · In an attempt to win back urban votes, the Chief Minister openly admitted to systemic corruption and malpractice across various sectors.Missing: Corporation | Show results with:Corporation
[159]
West Bengal | Mamata's clean-up drive - India Today
Jul 5, 2024 · “The CM has admitted that her colleagues allow illegal encroachment through corrupt means. But will there be any action against them, like ...
[160]
IIEST Shibpur: Courses, Rankings, Fees, Admission 2025, Placements
Rating 4.1 (398) Overall, the college has a student strength of over 4,000 and over 250 faculty members. The major highlights of the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and ...Application, Eligibility & Last... · IIEST Shibpur Placements · Courses · Cutoff
[161]
Training & Placement - IIEST
Placements @ IIEST, Shibpur. With 16 Departments and 8 Schools IIEST, Shibpur stands today with a student stength of 1500 per year.
[162]
Narasinha Dutt College
Narasinha Dutt College is an undergraduate college in Howrah, West Bengal, India ... It is one of the largest colleges in West Bengal having nearly 5000 students ...
[163]
Welcome to Uluberia College
Uluberia College occupies a place of pride in the annals of Higher Education in Howrah District of West Bengal. It has a glorious past.
[164]
Calcutta Institute of Technology – Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal
Calcutta Institute of Technology (CIT) is a leading institution in engineering education in India, established in 2004. The institute has evolved to provide ...Missing: School | Show results with:School
[165]
Howrah District Website | India
Literacy Rate: 83.31% · Blocks: 14 · Villages: 157 · Municipal Corporation: 1 · Police ... Howrah district is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India ...
[166]
[PDF] A Study on Dropout rates at Primary, Upper
The dropout rates at the Secondary level for the year 2019-20 are positive in 22 districts. ○ Howrah has the highest positive dropout rate 7.15 and Jalpaiguri.
[167]
'Bengal achieves zero per cent dropout rate at Primary & Upper ...
Jan 5, 2025 · The dropout rate at secondary schools remained high at 17.8 per cent in 2023-2024, although it represents a slight improvement from 18 per cent ...Missing: Howrah | Show results with:Howrah
[168]
Criteria of Choosing Public or Private School in Howrah
Dec 10, 2019 · Private sectors have great and disciplined teacher-guiding approaches. Moreover, Private schools never compromise with their quality of learning ...Missing: surveys | Show results with:surveys
[169]
[PDF] Educational and Infrastructural Profile of Primary School in Howrah ...
Thus; the parents prefer to send their children to private schools. Therefore, the study finds that the attainment of children in schools is very much related ...
[170]
[PDF] Quality of public primary education and the expansion of private ...
Abstract: This present study examines the quality of public primary education and the expansion of privatization in primary education in West Bengal.Missing: Howrah | Show results with:Howrah
[171]
How Howrah District Hospital Dealt With The Waves Of COVID-19
Mar 25, 2022 · Through its Mission Sanjeevani, Oxfam India provided five oxygen concentrators, 25 cylinders and added 25 beds to the 636 bed facility.
[172]
Hospitals and Healthcare Guide in Howrah (2025) - Watchdoq
Apr 18, 2025 · Howrah offers a mix of free public hospitals and private multispecialty facilities across urban hubs like Howrah HMC, Shibpur, Salkia, and rural ...
[173]
Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah
Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah. Super-Speciality; 417 Beds; 255 Doctors. Services that we OfferWe ...Missing: district | Show results with:district
[174]
Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Howrah, Kolkata
Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Howrah. Multi-Speciality; 160 Beds; 66 Doctors. Services that we OfferWe ...
[175]
[PDF] Relationship between Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Malnutrition in ...
Apr 10, 2025 · This study aims to explore the relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis and malnutrition in the urban slums of Howrah, fo- cusing on various ...
[176]
Prevalence of risk factors for non- communicable disease in rural ...
Jul 10, 2024 · This community based cross sectional study was conducted in Howrah, West Bengal, India from January 2024-March 2024. Total 300 people who were ...
[177]
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lansea/article/PIIS2772-3682%2824%2900160-4/fulltext
[178]
Identifying clustering of cholera cases using geospatial analysis in ...
Nov 21, 2024 · Spatial analysis revealed a concentration of 196 cholera cases in Kolkata and its surrounding regions of Howrah, Hooghly, and North and South 24 ...
[179]
Shibpur, Howrah | Locality - GeoIQ
The locality Shibpur falls in Howrah district situated in West Bengal state, with a population 193059. The male and female populations are 100555 and 92504 ...Missing: profile | Show results with:profile
[180]
Review of Urban Development in Howrah: Socio-Economic ...
Howrah's urban development challenges stem from high density and administrative neglect, impacting infrastructure. The foundry industry declined due to ...
[181]
Bally, Howrah | Bally Map, Pros & Cons, Photos, Reviews ... - Housing
Livability. Good things here. Convenient location near Ganges River. Access to markets, hospitals, schools. Sense of community among residents. Smooth ...
[182]
Dynamics of demographic surface of howrah district in India
The mosaic of demographic surface experiences a continuous change over time, if the area is frequented by constant influx of population from outside.Missing: strains census
[183]
Ratings & Reviews of Shibpur, Howrah - 99acres.com
Rating 4.2 (46) The place is very good and the neighborhoods are also very supportive and kind hearted. There are many famous monuments nearby. The area is clean and safe ...
[184]
Howrah Indoor Stadium // Sabuj Sathi Krirangan // Dumurjala ...
Jul 20, 2024 · The Howrah Indoor Stadium is a multi-purpose indoor stadium located at Dumurjala, Howrah, West Bengal, India. It is the only indoor stadium ...
[185]
Sports in Howrah
There are various stadiums and grounds in Howrah which have hosted many important tournaments. Tournaments especially involving sports like football, cricket, ...
[186]
GOAT Arena - Howrah, Kolkata - Playo
Rating 4.3 (4) GOAT Arena · Timing · 51, Jogendranath Mukherjee Rd, Bandhaghat, Salkia, Howrah, West Bengal 711106 · Sports Available · Top Sports Complexes in Cities.
[187]
Howrah District Sports Association | Facebook
HOWRAH d.s.a FOUNDED IN 1938. PRESENTLY AFFILIATED WITH I.F.A.W.B. /C.A.B. /B.H.A. W.B.ATHLETIC .A./ W.B.BASKETBALL ASSN. W.B.BADMINTON ASSN. & W.B.D.S.F..
[188]
Top Athletic Sports Clubs in Howrah near me - Justdial
Rating 4.0 (1,854) Popular Athletic Sports Clubs in Howrah · Vivekananda Athletic Club · Liluah Udayan Sangha Club · Netaji Sangha Club · Belepul Students Athletics Club · Belgachia ...
[189]
Turf 99 - Howrah, Kolkata - Playo
Box Cricket: - Appropriate sports shoes are recommended for Box Cricket to ensure safety and grip. - Sports equipment availability: Bat, Ball, Wickets.
[190]
Festivals | Howrah District Website | India
Durga Puja Celebrated on/during: October. The city of Howrah has a variety of festivals throughout the year, and an amazing mix of fairs.
[191]
List of Durga puja in Howrah 2025 | Indian Festival Diary
Puja Name, Puja Zone. 1, Arabinda Nagar Arabinda Sangha Sarbojanin Durga Utsav 2025, Howrah. 2, Arupara Sarbojanin Durgotsab Committee 2025, Howrah.
[192]
Unique Puja celebrations of traditional families of Howrah
Sep 30, 2025 · Explore the rich heritage of the industrial city of Howrah, especially during Durga Puja at the Bonedi Baris, the houses of old landowning ...
[193]
Howrah Events & Festivals , Cultural Traditions Ourist Spot
Gunadhar Santra from Panchla are among the famous Tarja performers in Howrah. Baul –. Like other art forms, Baul is also a very popular folk art form of Howrah.
[194]
Devi, Kanan - Banglapedia
Jun 17, 2021 · She was born in a very poor family in Howrah. When Kanan was eleven, her father died and her mother had to take shelter, along with her two ...Missing: birthplace | Show results with:birthplace
[195]
Kanan Devi - IMDb
Kanan Devi was born in 1916 in Howrah, Bengal Presidency, British India. She was an actress and producer, known for Haar Jeet (1940), Parajay (1939) and ...Missing: birthplace | Show results with:birthplace
[196]
Bhaduri, Shishir Kumar - Banglapedia
Jun 17, 2021 · Bhaduri, Shishir Kumar (1889-1959) stage actor, theatre founder, was born on 2 October 1889 at Ramrajatala in Howrah district in west bengal.
[197]
The peerless Tulsi Chakraborty, and the tears behind the laughter
Mar 3, 2022 · Born on March 3, 1899 in a village in Howrah, the young Tulsi was introduced to the world of stage and screen by his uncle, a musician at the ...
[198]
Rudranil Ghosh - IMDb
Rudranil Ghosh was born on 6 January 1973 in Howrah, West Bengal, India. He is an actor and writer, known for Vinci Da (2019), Kedara (2019) and Byomkesh ...Missing: birthplace | Show results with:birthplace
[199]
Rudranil Ghosh - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos
Rudranil Ghosh is an Indian film actor who primarily works in the Bengali TV and film industries. An alumnus of the Narasinha Dutt College, Calcutta.
[200]
Manoj Tiwary Profile - Cricket Player India | Stats, Records, Video
Full Name. Manoj Kumar Tiwary ; Born. November 14, 1985, Howrah, Bengal ; Age. 39y 345d ; Batting Style. Right hand Bat ; Bowling Style. Legbreak Googly.Matches · Stats · Videos · News
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Manoj Tiwary Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats
Born. November 14, 1985 (39 years) ; Birth Place. Howrah, Bengal ; Nickname. Manoj Tiwary ; Role. Batsman ; Batting Style. Right Handed Bat.