Joe Bugel
Joe Bugel (March 10, 1940 – June 28, 2020) was an American football coach renowned for his expertise as an offensive line coach in the National Football League (NFL), particularly during his tenure with the Washington Redskins, where he created and led the legendary "Hogs" offensive line that powered the team to victories in Super Bowl XVII and Super Bowl XXII.[1][2][3] Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bugel attended Western Kentucky University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in physical education in 1963 and a master's degree in guidance and counseling in 1964.[1] As a player, he was a four-year starter on the offensive line from 1960 to 1963, serving as team captain in 1962 and 1963, and earning First Team All-Ohio Valley Conference honors in 1963 as part of the Hilltoppers' undefeated 1963 Tangerine Bowl championship team, which finished 10–0–1.[1] He began his coaching career at his alma mater, serving as the offensive line coach at Western Kentucky from 1964 to 1968.[1][2] Bugel entered the NFL in 1975 as the offensive line coach for the Detroit Lions, holding the position for two seasons through 1976.[2] He then moved to the Houston Oilers as offensive line coach from 1977 to 1980.[2] Joining the Washington Redskins in 1981 under head coach Joe Gibbs, Bugel served as offensive line coach and offensive coordinator (from 1983 onward), developing the "Hogs"—a nickname he coined in 1982 for the tight-knit group of linemen including Russ Grimm, Joe Jacoby, and Jeff Bostic.[3][4] The Hogs anchored a dominant rushing attack that led the Redskins to an 8–1 record in the strike-shortened 1982 season, culminating in a 27–17 Super Bowl XVII victory over the Miami Dolphins, where running back John Riggins rushed for 166 yards.[3] In 1983, the line powered a league-leading 100-plus rushing yards in all 16 games, and the team repeated as NFC champions, setting an NFL record with 541 points en route to Super Bowl XVIII, a 38–9 loss to the Oakland Raiders.[3][5] In 1987, the Redskins won Super Bowl XXII, 42–10, over the Denver Broncos.[3] During his first stint with Washington (1981–1989), Bugel coached four Pro Bowl offensive linemen who earned 10 total selections, and the team achieved seven winning seasons and three NFC championships.[4][6] After leaving Washington, Bugel became head coach of the Phoenix Cardinals from 1990 to 1993, compiling a 20–44 record across four seasons, including a 5–11 finish in 1990 and a 7–9 mark in 1993 before his firing despite a 4–1 run in the final five games.[2][7] He joined the Oakland Raiders as offensive coordinator in 1995 and 1996, then served as interim head coach in 1997, finishing 4–12.[2] Bugel coached the offensive line for the San Diego Chargers from 1998 to 2001.[2] He returned to the Redskins in 2004 under Gibbs, serving as offensive line coach through 2009 and helping produce top-10 rushing attacks in 2005 and 2006 with running back Clinton Portis amassing 6,597 yards and 44 touchdowns over those years.[3][2] Over his 32 NFL seasons, Bugel was twice named NFL Assistant Coach of the Year (1982 and 1983) and was honored as part of the Redskins' 80 Greatest Players list in 2011; as a head coach, he posted a 24–56 record with no playoff appearances.[4][3]Early life
Youth and education
Joseph John Bugel was born on March 10, 1940, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[1] His upbringing in the post-World War II era emphasized resilience and diligence, with his father imparting lessons drawn from steel mill labor, advising him against pursuing such a path and instead encouraging opportunities in education and sports.[8] Bugel grew up in the Pittsburgh suburb of Munhall, where economic challenges of the era reinforced a strong family focus on hard work that later influenced his coaching philosophy.[9] At age 12, he gained early athletic recognition as a catcher on a youth baseball team that advanced to the Little League World Series finals.[1] He attended Munhall High School, excelling in multiple sports including football as an offensive lineman, baseball, basketball, and volleyball.[10] Bugel graduated in 1958 with an initial interest in physical education as a career, prompting him to briefly try steel mill work before pursuing higher education at Western Kentucky University.[11]College playing career
Bugel attended Western Kentucky University, where he majored in physical education and earned a bachelor's degree in 1963, followed by a master's degree in guidance and counseling in 1964.[1] As a four-year starter for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team from 1960 to 1963, Bugel primarily played guard on offense and also contributed on defense as a linebacker.[1][12] He served as team captain during his junior and senior seasons in 1962 and 1963, providing leadership to the squad.[1] In 1963, Bugel earned First Team All-Ohio Valley Conference honors as a guard, helping the Hilltoppers secure an undefeated 7-0 conference record and the Ohio Valley Conference championship.[1] The team's success culminated in a victory in the Tangerine Bowl, where Western Kentucky defeated the Coast Guard Academy 27-0.[1] His all-conference recognition extended to his linebacker role, highlighting his versatility on both sides of the ball.[12] Bugel's experiences as an offensive lineman during these years introduced him to foundational blocking techniques and line strategies that profoundly influenced his subsequent coaching philosophy.[12]Coaching career
College coaching positions
Bugel began his coaching career immediately after his playing days, joining the staff at his alma mater, Western Kentucky University, as a graduate assistant in 1964, where he emphasized offensive line fundamentals drawing from his own experience as a guard and linebacker. He was quickly promoted and served as offensive line coach from 1965 to 1967, contributing to the development of young linemen and helping elevate the team's performance through rigorous technique drills. During his time at WKU through 1968, Bugel also took on offensive coordinator duties, mentoring talents such as Dale Lindsey, who advanced to a nine-year NFL career with the Cleveland Browns and New Orleans Saints.[13][14][15][16] In 1968, Bugel transitioned to the United States Naval Academy, where he coached the offensive line until 1972, refining blocking schemes and player conditioning in a demanding service academy environment that stressed discipline and precision. His work there honed his ability to build cohesive units, preparing midshipmen for high-stakes competition while instilling foundational skills that became hallmarks of his later career.[17][14] Bugel continued his ascent with brief stints as offensive line coach at Iowa State University in 1973 and Ohio State University in 1974, where he further developed his expertise in line play and player evaluation amid competitive Big Ten and Big Eight programs. These roles allowed him to work with top-tier talent, emphasizing aggressive run blocking and pass protection techniques that translated directly to professional demands. By 1974, Bugel's college experience had solidified his reputation as a lineman's coach, motivating his move to the NFL with the Detroit Lions in 1975 to pursue opportunities at the highest level.[18][17]Early NFL assistant roles
Bugel's professional coaching career began in the National Football League (NFL) when he joined the Detroit Lions as their offensive line coach in 1975, a position he held through the 1976 season.[19] As the first dedicated interior offensive line coach in franchise history, he emphasized run-game coordination and foundational blocking principles drawn from his prior college experience.[20] The Lions finished with a 7-7-2 record in 1975 and 6-8 in 1976, periods during which Bugel worked to instill consistency in the unit's protection and ground support. In 1977, Bugel moved to the Houston Oilers as their offensive line coach, serving under head coach Bum Phillips through the 1980 season.[17] His arrival coincided with the team's shift toward a dominant run-heavy offense, particularly after the 1978 draft selection of running back Earl Campbell as the No. 1 overall pick.[21] Bugel played a key role in developing the offensive line to support Campbell's bruising style, contributing to the running back's three consecutive NFL rushing titles from 1978 to 1980, including 1,450 yards as a rookie in 1978 and a league-high 1,934 in 1980.[21] Under Bugel's guidance, the Oilers cultivated techniques emphasizing power and gap integrity in their blocking schemes, laying groundwork for more fluid run concepts in later systems.[22] The Oilers' rushing attack flourished during this era, ranking sixth in the NFL with 2,476 yards in 1978 and fourth with 2,571 yards in 1979, both seasons featuring Campbell's league-leading performances.[23][24] These results marked a significant improvement from prior years, with the line providing robust protection that enabled 19 rushing touchdowns in 1978 and 24 in 1979.[23][24] Bugel's efforts helped the team achieve playoff appearances in 1978 and 1979, advancing to the AFC Championship Game in the latter year.[24]First stint with Washington Redskins
Joe Bugel joined the Washington Redskins in 1981 as offensive coordinator and offensive line coach, following successful stints with the Houston Oilers where he helped develop a strong rushing attack.[25] Under head coach Joe Gibbs, Bugel implemented power-run schemes that emphasized a dominant ground game, leveraging the offensive line's physicality to control the line of scrimmage.[2] In 1983, he was promoted to assistant head coach while retaining his offensive line duties, a position he held through the decade.[26] Bugel is credited with creating and training the "Hogs," the Redskins' renowned offensive line unit, which he nicknamed in 1982 to instill a fierce, animalistic identity among the players.[4] Key members included undrafted free agents Russ Grimm and Joe Jacoby, along with Jeff Bostic, Mark May, and George Starke, whom Bugel molded into a cohesive, dominant group through rigorous conditioning and team-building.[25] This unit's success was evident in coaching multiple Pro Bowlers, such as Grimm and Jacoby who each earned four selections, contributing to a combined 10 Pro Bowl honors for Redskins linemen in the 1980s.[4] During Bugel's tenure, the Redskins made three Super Bowl appearances—XVII after the 1982 season (a victory over the Miami Dolphins), XVIII after the 1983 season (a loss to the Los Angeles Raiders), and XXII after the 1987 season (a victory over the Denver Broncos)—with the Hogs providing crucial protection and run-blocking in both championship wins.[2] In the 1983 season, his offensive line helped the team set an NFL record with 541 points scored, en route to a 14-2 regular-season mark and an NFC Championship, though they fell in Super Bowl XVIII.[25] Over nine seasons, Bugel's efforts supported four 1,000-yard rushers and a top-ranked offense in multiple years, culminating in a 92-48 regular-season record and 11-3 postseason mark.[26] Bugel departed the Redskins after the 1989 season to pursue a head coaching position with the Phoenix Cardinals.[2]Head coach of Phoenix Cardinals
Bugel was hired as head coach of the Phoenix Cardinals on February 6, 1990, replacing Gene Stallings, who had been fired mid-season in 1989 after a 5–6 start to his fourth year with the team.[27] Drawing from his experience as offensive coordinator for the Washington Redskins, where he had built a dominant offensive line known as "The Hogs," Bugel aimed to instill a similar emphasis on trench warfare and balanced attacks in Phoenix.[2] His tenure began with optimism, as the Cardinals sought stability following their relocation from St. Louis two years earlier, but the team struggled with a limited roster and ongoing fan base challenges in the new market.[7] Over four seasons from 1990 to 1993, Bugel compiled an overall record of 20–44 (.313), with no playoff appearances and finishes no higher than fourth in the NFC East.[2] The 1990 season started promisingly at 5–11, highlighted by upset road wins over the Philadelphia Eagles (23–21) and a dominant 20–3 home victory against the Dallas Cowboys, showcasing Bugel's focus on a physical, run-oriented offense that ranked 18th in rushing yards.[28] Subsequent years saw declines to 4–12 in both 1991 and 1992, hampered by quarterback injuries—such as Timm Rosenbach's knee issue—and defensive inconsistencies, though Bugel prioritized player development by grooming young talents like running back Stump Mitchell for hybrid roles.[7] The 1993 campaign marked the high point at 7–9, driven by a more balanced attack under starter Steve Beuerlein (3,164 passing yards, 18 touchdowns) and rookie rusher Ronald Moore (1,018 rushing yards), with notable upsets including a 16–3 shutout of the playoff-bound Eagles and a 38–10 rout of the Los Angeles Rams.[29] Bugel's offensive philosophies centered on a balanced assault that leveraged strong line play to protect the quarterback and establish the run, often mentoring veterans like Jim McMahon, who joined as a backup in 1993 and provided leadership during Beuerlein's starts.[7] This approach yielded incremental improvements, such as the 1993 offense ranking ninth in points (20.4 per game) and eighth in total yards, but was constrained by roster limitations, including a low payroll and talent gaps inherited from prior regimes.[29] The team's persistent challenges, including the lingering effects of the 1988 relocation—such as poor attendance and facility issues—exacerbated these issues, preventing sustained success despite a late 4–1 surge in 1993.[7] Despite the improved 7–9 finish, Bugel was fired on January 25, 1994, after owner Bill Bidwill issued a pre-season ultimatum demanding a winning record or playoffs, which the team narrowly missed amid high expectations.[30] His dismissal reflected the Cardinals' broader instability during the era, though Bugel's emphasis on fundamentals laid groundwork for future offensive growth in Arizona.[2]Oakland Raiders tenure
Bugel returned to the NFL in 1995 as the assistant head coach and offensive line coach for the Oakland Raiders, serving under head coach Mike White for two seasons.[31] In this role, he focused on strengthening the team's offensive line during a period of instability following the Raiders' inconsistent performances in the early 1990s, amid the ongoing heavy influence of owner Al Davis on coaching decisions and team strategy.[32] Bugel's expertise helped lay groundwork for a more robust run game, though the team finished 8-8 in both 1995 and 1996.[33] Following White's dismissal after the 1996 season, Bugel was promoted to head coach on January 31, 1997, marking his second head coaching opportunity after four years with the Phoenix Cardinals.[34] As head coach, he continued to emphasize revitalizing the offensive line to support a ground-oriented attack, navigating transitions influenced by Davis's direct involvement in personnel and play-calling preferences.[32] A key aspect of his strategy was elevating running back Napoleon Kaufman to a featured role, with Bugel publicly committing to centering the backfield around Kaufman's speed and vision, which contributed to Kaufman's career-high 1,294 rushing yards that season.[35][16] Despite these efforts, the Raiders struggled under Bugel, compiling a 4–12 record in 1997 and missing the playoffs.[33] The poor performance led to his firing on January 7, 1998, after just one season as head coach, with Davis opting for a new direction under Jon Gruden.[36]San Diego Chargers
Bugel joined the San Diego Chargers as offensive line coach in 1998 under head coach Kevin Gilbride, bringing continuity from his recent tenure with the Oakland Raiders where he had focused on line development.[37] He remained in the role through the 2001 season, even after Gilbride's departure following the 1998 campaign, serving under Mike Riley as the team navigated quarterback instability.[38] During Bugel's time, the offensive line supported a transitional quarterback room that included Ryan Leaf as the starter from 1998 to 2000, followed by rookie Drew Brees taking over in 2001.[39] The unit faced significant challenges in pass protection, allowing 37 sacks in 1998, 45 in 1999, a league-high 53 in 2000, and 46 in 2001, contributing to overall team struggles.[40][41][42][43] Run blocking also lagged, with the Chargers ranking 22nd, 31st, 31st, and 20th in yards per carry over the four seasons, limiting ground game effectiveness despite efforts to nurture young talent like running back LaDainian Tomlinson, drafted in 2001.[38] The Chargers posted records of 5-11 in 1998, 8-8 in 1999—the lone non-losing season under Bugel—1-15 in 2000 amid widespread injuries, and 5-11 in 2001.[40][41][42][43] Bugel's efforts centered on rebuilding the line during this rebuilding phase, though the group dealt with frequent quarterback rotations involving Leaf, Jim Harbaugh, Erik Kramer, Moses Moreno, Doug Flutie, and Brees.[38] Bugel was released after the 2001 season as part of broader staff overhaul following Riley's dismissal, with new head coach Marty Schottenheimer assembling his own team in 2002.[38]Second stint with Washington Redskins
Bugel rejoined the Washington Redskins in 2004 as assistant head coach and offensive line coach, returning alongside head coach Joe Gibbs for his second tenure with the franchise. This move came after Bugel's four-year stint with the San Diego Chargers, where he had taken a brief break from coaching before accepting Gibbs' invitation to revive the team's ground-and-pound offensive identity. Building on his success with the original Hogs in the 1980s, Bugel emphasized a tough, physical style of play, dubbing his new group "The New Hogs" to instill the same relentless mentality in the linemen.[4][44][45] Under Bugel's guidance, the offensive line showed marked improvement, particularly in supporting the run game while adapting to the NFL's evolving emphasis on pass protection. He played a key role in developing left tackle Chris Samuels, who earned four consecutive Pro Bowl selections from 2005 to 2008, crediting Bugel's rigorous coaching for his technique and consistency. The unit's efforts contributed to the Redskins capturing the NFC East title in 2005 with a 10-6 record, followed by a playoff appearance where they defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the wild-card round before falling to the Seattle Seahawks. That season, the line helped the team rank in the top 10 league-wide in rushing yards per game, powering running back Clinton Portis to over 1,400 yards.[46][25][17] As the decade progressed, Bugel faced challenges with an aging roster and the need to balance run blocking with enhanced pass protection in a more aerial-focused era. His schemes allowed the Redskins to maintain strong rushing output, with 1,000-yard rushers for five straight seasons from 2004 to 2008, but the line also permitted just 19 sacks in 2006, ranking third-lowest in the NFL. In 2007, amid injuries and transitions like quarterback Jason Campbell's emergence, Bugel intensified focus on pocket protection drills to safeguard young passers. The team finished 9-7 that year but missed the playoffs, highlighting the difficulties of sustaining dominance with veteran-heavy groups.[47][17][48] Bugel retired following the 2009 season at age 69, concluding his second stint after six years and 32 total NFL coaching seasons. He cited a desire to spend more time with family, turning down an offer from new head coach Mike Shanahan to continue, and reflected on the emotional difficulty of leaving the game he loved.[44][49]Head coaching record
Joe Bugel compiled an NFL head coaching record of 24 wins, 56 losses, and 0 ties in 80 regular-season games, yielding a winning percentage of .300 over five seasons with the Phoenix Cardinals (1990–1993) and Oakland Raiders (1997).[2] The following table summarizes his year-by-year performance:| Year | Team | Record | Division Finish |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Phoenix Cardinals | 5–11 | 5th (NFC East) |
| 1991 | Phoenix Cardinals | 4–12 | 5th (NFC East) |
| 1992 | Phoenix Cardinals | 4–12 | 5th (NFC East) |
| 1993 | Phoenix Cardinals | 7–9 | 4th (NFC East) |
| 1997 | Oakland Raiders | 4–12 | 4th (AFC West) |