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Laser-run

Laser-run is a multisport discipline that combines running and laser pistol shooting in fast-paced races, serving as both a standalone competition and the final event of modern pentathlon.^[1] Developed by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM), it emphasizes athletic endurance and shooting accuracy under cardiovascular stress.^[2] In a typical laser-run format, athletes complete a total of 3,000 meters of running divided into five 600-meter laps for seniors (one initial lap without shooting followed by four shooting rounds where they must register five hits on electronic targets using a laser pistol from a distance of 10 meters, all within a 50-second time limit per shooting station), with distances varying by age group.^[3] Competitors start simultaneously in a mass format for standalone events, with success depending on maintaining shooting proficiency while fatigued from running.^[4] The laser pistol, calibrated for precision without ammunition, promotes an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional shooting sports.^[5] Originating from reforms in modern pentathlon around 2013 to streamline the combined running and shooting segments, laser-run was launched as an independent sport by UIPM in 2015 with its inaugural World Championships in Perpignan, France.^[6] Since then, it has rapidly expanded globally, becoming UIPM's fastest-growing discipline with annual world championships, regional events, and inclusion in multi-sport festivals.^[7] The sport's accessibility—requiring minimal equipment and venues—has driven its popularity among youth and recreational athletes, while maintaining high-level competition standards governed by UIPM rules.^[1]

Overview and History

Definition and Origins

Laser-run is a multisport discipline that integrates alternating segments of cross-country running with laser pistol shooting, creating a fast-paced format that tests athletes' endurance, accuracy, and transition speed.^[1] Participants must complete a series of running laps followed immediately by shooting bouts, emphasizing precision under physical fatigue.^[8] This hybrid event draws from elements of modern pentathlon but operates as a distinct competition accessible to participants across various ages and skill levels.^[1] The origins of laser-run trace back to developments within modern pentathlon, where laser pistol shooting was first piloted in 2010 during the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore, replacing traditional firearm shooting to enhance safety and environmental sustainability.^[9] Building on the 2009 introduction of a combined running-shooting event in modern pentathlon, UIPM proposed laser-run around this period as an evolution to streamline the format.^[9] By 2015, UIPM formalized it as a standalone sport, separating it from the full pentathlon structure to broaden participation.^[1] The primary purpose of establishing laser-run was to modernize and simplify the concluding discipline of modern pentathlon, reducing logistical complexities associated with equestrian elements while enabling urban-friendly, independent events that could attract wider audiences and host cities.^[10] This innovation aimed to preserve the core excitement of run-shoot sequences but in a more versatile, standalone context.^[1] The first official standalone laser-run competition under UIPM rules took place in 2015 at the World Championships in Perpignan, France.^[6] Within modern pentathlon, laser-run serves as the integrated final event, where athletes pursue based on prior points from fencing, swimming, and riding.^[9]

Development and Evolution

Laser-run was formally introduced as a standalone sport by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) in 2015, with the inaugural World Championships held in Perpignan, France, featuring an initial format that included running distances of 800 meters per lap across four rounds combined with laser shooting.^[11]^[12] This marked a significant milestone in evolving the combined running and shooting discipline from modern pentathlon into an accessible, independent competition suitable for urban and parkland settings, building on its earlier piloting within pentathlon events since 2009.^[9] In 2021, following discussions to enhance accessibility, UIPM standardized the senior category to five laps of 600 meters (totaling 3,000 meters) with four shooting rounds of five hits each, reflecting adjustments made post-Tokyo 2020 Olympics to streamline the laser-run component in pentathlon while enhancing pacing and intensity for standalone events.^[13]^[9] This change, influenced by the ongoing evolution of modern pentathlon, including the replacement of the equestrian riding discipline with an obstacle event starting in 2025, while laser-run continues as the final event—helped promote consistency and accessibility across age groups and international competitions.^[9] UIPM's expansion efforts accelerated global adoption, integrating laser-run into multisport events to boost participation in emerging regions. The sport featured as a showcase at the 2019 World Urban Games in Budapest and debuted at the Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines that same year, drawing athletes from multiple nations and highlighting its urban adaptability.^[14]^[15] In 2025, participation grew substantially, with the Global Laser Run City Tour expanding to over 30 events worldwide, fostering grassroots development and inclusivity across continents.^[16] A notable advancement in 2025 was the launch of the electronic Obstacle Laser Run (eOLR) platform, an e-sports variant combining virtual obstacles with laser-run mechanics to further blend technology and physical simulation, aimed at inspiring younger audiences and extending the sport's reach digitally.^[17] This innovation underscored laser-run's trajectory toward hybrid formats, sustaining momentum from its 2015 origins to a dynamic, globally embraced discipline.

Rules and Format

Competition Sequence

In a standard Laser-run competition for senior athletes, the event consists of four shooting rounds, each requiring five successful hits on electronic targets at a distance of 10 meters, alternated with five running laps of 600 meters each, for a total running distance of 3 kilometers.^[18] The sequence begins with the first running lap, followed by a shooting round, and continues as run-shoot-run-shoot-run-shoot-run-shoot-run, ensuring a fluid alternation that ends with the final running lap.^[19] Each shooting round has a 50-second time limit, during which competitors may fire an unlimited number of shots using a laser pistol until all five hits are registered or the time expires.^[3] Competitors remain in the shooting zone for a maximum of 50 seconds, attempting to register five hits. If not all hits are achieved within 50 seconds, they must immediately transition to the next running lap.^[3] Transitions between shooting and running must be immediate and without stopping, with the pistol placed safely on the shooting table after each round to signal completion.^[3] This structure emphasizes precision under fatigue, as the continuous flow demands rapid recovery and focus after each lap. Variations exist for younger age groups to accommodate developmental levels, with shorter running distances and fewer shooting rounds. For example, athletes under 14 (U13 category) typically complete three shooting rounds of five hits each at 5 meters, alternated with running laps of 300 meters, for a total run of 900 meters.^[3] Older youth categories, such as U15, use 600-meter laps and three shooting rounds at 5 meters, totaling 1,800 meters of running.^[3] Mixed relay competitions involve teams of two athletes (one male and one female) alternating segments, starting with the female competitor. Each team covers a total of 3,600 meters over six running laps of 600 meters, incorporating four shooting rounds of five hits each at 10 meters, with the sequence mirroring the individual format but divided between partners after the initial lap and shooting.^[18] Gender-specific relays follow a similar structure but are optional in some events.^[3]

Scoring System

In Laser-run competitions, outcomes are determined by total elapsed time, with the athlete or team completing all required running and shooting segments in the fastest time declared the winner.^[13] This time trial format emphasizes efficiency in alternating between running laps and shooting series, where timing begins at the start signal and ends when the competitor's torso crosses the finish line.^[13] Unlike the Laser-run phase within Modern Pentathlon events, which converts performance to points for integration with other disciplines, standalone Laser-run employs pure timing without a points allocation system.^[18] Each shooting series requires five successful hits on electronic targets within a maximum of 50 seconds; if targets remain unhit after this period, the athlete proceeds to the next running lap without further time additions for those misses, though the full 50 seconds counts toward the total time.^[13] Additional time penalties of 10 seconds are applied for rule infractions such as false starts, failure to make the pistol safe, or non-compliance with clothing requirements, served at designated penalty zones.^[13] Serious violations, including equipment malfunctions not rectified promptly, shooting at the wrong target, or obstructing other competitors, result in elimination from the event or full disqualification.^[13] Ties in total time are resolved by the athlete's best result at previous UIPM Laser Run World Championships; if still tied, by best continental championship result; then by most recent competition result.^[3] These mechanisms ensure clear rankings while rewarding precise and rapid shooting performance alongside running speed.^[13]

Equipment and Facilities

Shooting Equipment

Laser pistols used in Laser-run are lightweight, battery-powered devices designed to simulate .22 or .177 caliber pistols without recoil, ensuring safe and precise simulation of shooting mechanics. All pistols must be homologated by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) and undergo equipment control prior to competition, with a maximum weight of 1500 grams including accessories and dimensions not exceeding 420 mm x 200 mm x 50 mm (minimum 336 mm x 160 mm x 40 mm).^[3]^[20] Representative models, such as the Ecoaims PP320EXP, weigh approximately 523 grams base and up to 800 grams with balancing weights, featuring adjustable grips, triggers (minimum 350 grams pull for this model), and open sights for aiming correction.^[21] These pistols emit a red laser beam with a wavelength of 635-650 nm and power between 2.5-3.4 mW, classified as Class 1 for eye safety, activated by a single-shot mechanical trigger without magazines.^[20]^[22] Targets in Laser-run competitions are electronic systems homologated by the UIPM, consisting of 170 mm x 170 mm square panels mounted at a height of 1.40 meters above the ground, with a tolerance of ±0.05 meters in height and ±0.15 meters horizontally (targets 1 meter apart).^[3]^[20] The valid hit zone is a central black circle of 59.5 mm diameter (±0.5 mm), detected by sensors that register laser impacts for automatic scoring, with the system compatible for TV graphics display.^[20] Shooting distances vary by age category: 10 meters for U17, juniors, seniors, U19, and masters up to 50+; 5 meters for U9 to U15 and masters 60+ and above, with a tolerance of ±0.05 meters.^[3]^[20] Targets are calibrated to 1.0 mm precision at the black/white border.^[20] Calibration and safety protocols are mandatory to maintain accuracy and prevent hazards. Prior to competitions, UIPM officials or local organizing committees verify pistol parameters, including laser beam power, diameter (maximum 6 mm at 10 meters), signal duration between 6 ms and 10 ms, and battery levels.^[20] Safety measures require pistols to be placed on the shooting table (touching it between shots) and pointed downrange when not in use, with range officers enforcing protocols such as immediate "stop" commands for unsafe handling; violations incur 10-second penalties or elimination.^[3]^[20] The Class 1 laser ensures no risk to eyes or skin, and equipment must be stored in waterproof boxes during adverse weather.^[20] The evolution of Laser-run shooting equipment reflects a progression toward more efficient, feedback-oriented systems since its introduction in the Modern Pentathlon combined event in 2009, with stand-alone Laser-run formalized in 2015.^[9] Early adoption relied on basic laser targets like the Precision Laser Target (PLT) in 2010 for Youth Olympic Games.^[23]

Running and Venue Specifications

The running component of laser-run competitions is conducted on a clearly marked course that alternates with shooting phases, emphasizing endurance and speed over varied terrain. The surface typically consists of flat, non-slippery materials such as synthetic tracks, asphalt, grass, or dirt to minimize injury risk, with no sharp turns or steep declines permitted.^[20] For senior, junior, and U19 categories, the course is flat with no specified elevation changes, while younger categories (U13 and below) allow a maximum elevation gain of 50 meters to ensure accessibility and safety.^[20] Total distances vary by age group and event type, generally ranging from 600 meters for U9 individuals to 3,000 meters for seniors (five laps of 600 meters each), providing a scalable challenge that totals 1.8-3 kilometers in standard adult formats.^[20]^[3] Athletes wear standard running attire, including form-fitting competitive apparel with national federation codes and UIPM logos, paired with athletic shoes—spikes are optional for younger categories but subject to local organizing committee approval.^[20] The laser pistol is carried in a holster attached to the athlete's body during runs, ensuring it remains secure without impeding movement, and no additional specialized equipment is required beyond items for comfort and compliance.^[20] This setup prioritizes unrestricted running while maintaining readiness for shooting transitions. Venue specifications integrate the running course with the shooting range within a suitably sized field allowing sufficient space for safe operations and spectator viewing.^[20] The shooting zone is positioned adjacent to the running loop, with targets placed 5 or 10 meters from the firing line, and the course must be wide enough for two athletes to pass each other comfortably.^[3] Events are adaptable to outdoor conditions, with the shooting range featuring rain protection such as waterproof enclosures and roof coverage to accommodate inclement weather without disruption.^[20] The start and finish lines are co-located, marked with 5-centimeter-wide lines, and the final 30 meters of the course must be straight and flat. Safety protocols are integral to venue operations, including clearly demarcated boundaries with flags or tape to prevent deviations, on-site medical stations with emergency transport, and trained staff for hazard monitoring.^[3] Course judges oversee the running path to enforce fouls and ensure compliance, while all events adhere to international anti-doping standards enforced by the World Anti-Doping Agency through UIPM protocols.^[20] These measures collectively support a secure environment for athletes across categories.

Competitions and Events

Major International Championships

The UIPM Laser Run World Championships serve as the premier standalone global competition for the discipline, held annually since its inception in 2015.^[9] The inaugural event took place in Perpignan, France, marking Laser Run's debut as an independent sport derived from modern pentathlon.^[11] Subsequent editions have rotated across host cities, including Lisbon, Portugal in 2016; Cape Town, South Africa in 2017; and more recently, Zhengzhou, China in 2024, which drew over 550 athletes from 24 nations.^[24]^[25] The 2025 edition is scheduled for December 13–14 in Mossel Bay, South Africa, combining with Biathle and Triathle World Championships from December 8–13 at Santos Beach.^[26] Competitions feature categories for seniors, juniors (U19 and U17), and youth (U15), alongside mixed team relays that emphasize collaboration between genders.^[1] Laser Run has been integrated as the culminating discipline in the UIPM Modern Pentathlon World Championships since the format's evolution, combining running and laser shooting to determine final rankings. In the 2025 Pentathlon World Championships held August 26–30 in Kaunas, Lithuania, the Laser Run phase followed fencing, obstacle, and swimming events, with 166 athletes competing across individual and relay formats.^[27] This structure highlights Laser Run's role in high-stakes outcomes, as seen in qualification rounds where men's and women's fields alternated four 800m runs with laser pistol shooting at 10 meters.^[28] Beyond dedicated UIPM events, Laser Run has featured in select multi-sport gatherings to broaden its international appeal. It appeared as a showcase sport at the inaugural World Urban Games in Budapest, Hungary, from September 13–15, 2019, where it drew crowds at the Great Market Hall alongside other urban disciplines.^[29] Similarly, Laser Run is included in the 2025 Southeast Asian Games in Thailand, December 9–20, as part of the modern pentathlon program, incorporating both standard and obstacle variants to engage regional athletes.^[30] Participation in major Laser Run events has shown steady growth, reflecting the sport's accessibility for ages 5 to 80 and its adaptability to urban venues. The 2023 World Championships in Bath, United Kingdom, attracted a then-record 560 athletes from 33 countries, surpassing prior editions and underscoring expanding global interest.^[31] The 2025 season continued this trend with record entries in developmental series leading into the Mossel Bay Worlds, bolstered by mixed relays that promote inclusivity and team dynamics. By 2025, Laser Run events reached participants from over 50 countries.^[16] World records, such as Jean-Baptiste Mourcia's 721 points (9:39.630) in the senior men's Laser Run from the UIPM 2025 Pentathlon World Cup in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria (equaling his 2015 mark), set benchmarks for precision and speed that influence competitive standards.^[32]

Regional and Development Competitions

Regional and development competitions in laser-run play a crucial role in expanding the sport's accessibility and nurturing talent at non-elite levels, organized under the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) framework. These events include annual continental championships across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, which rotate hosting duties among member nations to promote regional participation. For instance, the European Biathle/Triathle/Laser Run Championships were held in Alanya, Turkey, from November 5-9, 2025.^[33] In Asia, the Southeast Asian Championships took place in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from May 10-16, 2025, while the 2024 Asian Senior Championships in Hwaseong, South Korea, integrated laser-run with biathle and triathle disciplines.^[34] Pan-American events featured the South and Pan American Senior Championships in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in November 2025, alongside youth-focused U15/U17/U19 competitions scheduled in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, on December 5, 2025.^[35]^[36] The UIPM Global Laser Run City Tour serves as a key development series, hosting over 30 events in 2025 across urban environments to enhance accessibility for participants of all ages and skill levels, with record participation. Examples include stops in Singapore on July 13, Lviv, Ukraine, on October 25, Telšiai, Lithuania, on September 20, and Caracas, Venezuela, on November 23, emphasizing community-based formats that require minimal infrastructure.^[16]^[37]^[38] UIPM also supports youth development through junior and U17 continental championships, integrated into the broader pyramid structure that funnels athletes from local to international levels.^[39] Grassroots initiatives further drive growth, with national leagues and school programs forming the base of the UIPM sports pyramid, enabling entry-level participation in laser-run alongside related disciplines like biathle and triathle.^[1] This structure has facilitated expansion, with laser-run events reaching participants from over 50 countries by 2025, up from its limited scope at launch in 2015.^[16] The focus on inclusivity—open to ages 5 to 80—has boosted worldwide engagement, evidenced by record-breaking participation in 2025 development competitions.^[1]

Variations

Obstacle Laser Run

Obstacle Laser Run (OLR) is a variation of the laser-run format introduced by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) in 2025, integrating an initial obstacle discipline with the traditional running and laser shooting phases to enhance physical demands and strategic depth.^[40] The format begins with a standalone obstacle event, where competitors navigate a 70-meter course featuring eight fixed obstacles, such as steps, a big wheel, and monkey bars, designed to test agility, strength, and endurance in a manner inspired by the obstacle discipline newly incorporated into modern pentathlon competitions.^[40] This phase awards points based on completion time, with one modern pentathlon (MP) point equivalent to 0.33 seconds, establishing a handicap for the subsequent laser-run segment where faster obstacle performers receive a time advantage of one second per point difference.^[40] Following the obstacle event, the laser-run phase mirrors the standard sequence of alternating 600-meter running laps and laser pistol shooting series but incorporates the handicap start to equalize opportunities.^[40] Competitors must achieve five hits per shooting series within a 50-second time limit at either 5-meter or 10-meter distances, depending on the age category, using electronic laser pistols and targets that register hits optically.^[40] For senior athletes, the laser-run totals 3,000 meters across five laps, while younger categories like U15 feature shorter distances of 1,800 meters over three laps; the overall winner is determined by the first athlete to complete the laser-run finish line, combining elements of speed, accuracy, and obstacle-derived positioning.^[40] Total competition time, including obstacle navigation, emphasizes comprehensive athleticism without altering the core laser-run mechanics of penalty-free progression upon successful shooting.^[40] The introduction of OLR aligns with UIPM's efforts to promote the obstacle discipline as a foundational element in its competitive pyramid, drawing from modern pentathlon's 2025 format overhaul that replaces equestrian events with obstacle challenges to broaden appeal and accessibility.^[41] Launched alongside the eOLR digital platform on October 7, 2025, the format supports global event integration through mobile-accessible tools for timing, training, and ranked play, including interactive tutorials for obstacle navigation and shooting techniques.^[17] This platform enables adaptive sessions and haptic feedback for virtual practice, facilitating broader participation while maintaining physical event standards.^[17] OLR debuted in select 2025 development competitions and is now eligible for UIPM World Rankings, with features in major events such as World Championships and World Tour stops, as well as multi-sport gatherings like those organized by CISM and FISU.^[40] A new Master 40+ category was tested in 2025 to expand inclusivity for veteran athletes, adhering to updated safety protocols and equipment specifications for obstacles and laser systems.^[40] By blending high-intensity obstacle navigation with the precision of laser shooting, OLR aims to attract diverse athletes and spectators, positioning it as a dynamic evolution within UIPM's ecosystem.^[40]

Para Laser Run

Para Laser Run is an adapted version of the Laser Run discipline within modern pentathlon, designed to enable athletes with disabilities to participate in a combined running and laser shooting event while maintaining the core sequence of alternating runs and shooting series. Governed by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM), it accommodates various impairments through specific modifications to ensure accessibility and fairness.^[42] Athletes are classified into categories based on their impairment types: PMP1 to PMP5 for physical impairments, including wheelchair users, amputees, and those with cerebral palsy; PMP6 for vision impairments (B1 to B3 levels, certified by the International Blind Sports Federation); and PMP7 for intellectual impairments (onset before age 22, per Virtus standards). Adaptations include seated shooting positions for wheelchair users (PMP1), with weighted shooting tables to prevent movement and doubled spacing between stations for mobility aids; shorter running distances of 1200 meters total (four 300-meter loops on smooth, flat surfaces with maximum 1:12 gradients and 1:8 ramps for wheelchair accessibility); and the use of guides for vision-impaired athletes (PMP6), who run alongside without physical contact and must cross the finish line simultaneously. Alternative mobility options, such as wheelchairs, are permitted for lower-limb impairments, ensuring equitable participation.^[42]^[43] Introduced through UIPM's para programs as early as 2023, Para Laser Run has seen steady growth, with its official debut as a para sport at the 2025 World Abilitysport Beach Games in Mersin, Turkey (October 18-24), featuring individual and mixed pairs relay events on a beach venue. This inclusion marks a significant expansion, serving as a pathway for para athletes toward broader international competitions and engaging new national federations. The rules are adapted from the able-bodied Laser Run format, featuring three series of five laser shots each at electronic targets from distances of 5 meters for physical and intellectual impairments or 3 meters for visual impairments, along with audio-based laser pistols providing feedback for aiming. While standard shooting time limits apply, guides for PMP6 must demonstrate a personal best time at least one minute faster than the athlete's estimated 3 km pace to ensure support without undue advantage.^[44]^[45]^[42] In 2025, innovations enhancing accessibility include the Apeom Mode audio pistol, which uses sound signals to guide aiming and firing for blind athletes, allowing greater autonomy during shooting phases. Guides employ voice directions for navigation during runs, further supporting vision-impaired participants in controlled environments. These technologies, tested at events like the Italian Modern Pentathlon Federation's competitions, address infrastructure challenges in para shooting ranges and promote inclusive development.^[44]

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Obstacle was then fully rolled out for senior athletes in the 2025 season. Head-to-head ninja-style obstacle racing now fits into in a 90-minute sequence of ...
[44]
[PDF] 2025 UIPM para LASER RUN GUIDELINES
Apr 24, 2025 · Distance between shooting stations should be double for PMP1 and potentially. PMP6 and PMP7. •. Guides and supporters can access the course. •.
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[PDF] 2023 UIPM para LASER RUN GUIDELINES
Apr 24, 2023 · PURPOSE. DEFINITIONS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. TYPES OF EVENTS. LASER RUN DISTANCES ... 2023 UIPM PARA LASER RUN ...
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UIPM Para Sports Spotlight: April 2025
Apr 30, 2025 · The growth and reach of Para Laser Run will continue to expand in 2025 with confirmation that it has been added to one of the key events on the pathway to the ...Missing: tiebreaker | Show results with:tiebreaker
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Para LaserRun to make World Abilitysport Games Debut in Mersin ...
May 21, 2025 · The first edition of the 2025 World Abilitysport Beach Games is set to welcome athletes from 18 – 25 October to the picturesque coastline of ...