Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

MBDA UK


is the British division of , a multinational European group jointly owned by , , and Leonardo, specializing in the design, development, manufacturing, and support of complex weapon systems, including missiles for air, land, and sea applications. Established as part of the 2001 formation of through the merger of missile activities from these parent companies, serves as a strategic partner to the , delivering operational advantages and maintaining independence via long-term portfolio agreements exceeding a decade. Operating from key facilities in for , Bristol for engineering and business functions, and for advanced manufacturing, UK contributes to a global workforce of over 18,000 personnel across the group. The division has been instrumental in developing prominent systems such as the , CAMM family of air defence missiles, , and precision strike weapon, which have enhanced the capabilities of UK and allied armed forces. These efforts build on a rich UK heritage in guided weapons dating back to post-World War II innovations, including early surface-to-air missiles like and , evolving through mergers and international collaborations. MBDA UK's commitments include participation in the UK Defence Growth Partnership, adherence to the Armed Forces Corporate Covenant, and initiatives for workforce diversity, such as targeting 30% gender balance by 2030, alongside recognition as a gold-standard defence employer since 2018. The division supports 90 armed forces worldwide with 45 in-service weapon systems, emphasizing innovation, reliability, and full lifecycle management to address evolving threats.

History

Formation and predecessors

MBDA UK's missile heritage in the United Kingdom dates to the 1940s, when the first guided missiles entered service with British armed forces, followed by formalized development efforts post-World War II. In 1945, the UK established a Guided Weapons Committee to oversee missile prioritization, with the Royal Aircraft Establishment assuming sole responsibility for research by 1946 and industry engagement commencing in 1948. This era produced early surface-to-air systems, including Bloodhound for the Royal Air Force (operational from 1958), Thunderbird for the Army (1959), and Sea Slug for the Navy (1962). Subsequent UK programs in the 1960s advanced air defense capabilities, with the launch of , , and systems originating from consolidated efforts amid industry rationalization under the , which merged aeronautical firms into entities like and . Facilities pivotal to this legacy include , established in the 1950s for missile production, and Lostock, originally tied to Propellers for early propulsion work. The immediate corporate predecessor to MBDA UK was , established in 1996 via the merger of British Aerospace's (BAe) Dynamics division—rooted in prior UK missile entities—and France's Défense missile activities, forming an Anglo-French focused on collaborative projects like . This entity handled UK-based design, development, and manufacturing of systems such as and , inheriting technologies from ' lineage. In December 2001, integrated with EADS Aérospatiale Matra Missiles (French/German) and ' missile division (Italian) to create as a pan-European group, with , EADS (now ), and Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) as equal shareholders in a structure emphasizing integrated expertise. emerged as the dedicated subsidiary, absorbing 's operations, workforce of approximately 3,500, and product portfolio to sustain sovereign capabilities under a with the .

Early development and key integrations (2001–2009)

MBDA was established in December 2001 through the merger of Matra BAe Dynamics—a 1996 Anglo-French joint venture between Matra Défense and British Aerospace Dynamics—along with EADS Aérospatiale-Matra Missiles and the missile divisions of Alenia Marconi Systems, integrating UK operations from the former entities into a unified European structure owned by EADS (37.5%), BAE Systems (37.5%), and Finmeccanica (25%). This consolidation brought together UK missile expertise in air-to-air, air-to-surface, and surface-to-air systems, with primary facilities in Stevenage for research and development, and Bristol for systems integration, enabling streamlined development pipelines previously fragmented across predecessors. The transition preserved UK sovereign capabilities in complex weapons while fostering cross-border synergies, such as shared technology transfers from French and Italian partners. Early post-formation efforts focused on stabilizing integrated operations and advancing multinational programs. In December 2002, received its first major contract for the beyond-visual-range , a collaborative effort among , , , , , and the to arm platforms including the , with contributions emphasizing ramjet propulsion testing and seeker integration conducted at . This marked a pivotal integration of engineering with European partners, building on ' legacy in active radar seekers. Concurrently, the /SCALP-EG long-range cruise missile, initiated under in the late 1990s as an Anglo-French-Italian program, progressed to acquisition in 2003, with production and integration handled through sites to equip GR4 aircraft. Key integrations extended to surface-launched systems, including enhancements to the for Type 45 destroyers, where teams integrated missiles with the radar from 2002 onward, leveraging pre-merger cooperation extended to the in 1999. The dual-mode , evolved from ' fire-and-forget technology, achieved initial operational capability with RAF Harriers by 2005, incorporating millimeter-wave radar and GPS/ guidance refined through -led trials. By 2009, internal European integrations, including cultural and operational alignment across MBDA's , , and divisions, were supported by specialized training programs to unify engineering practices post-merger. These developments solidified MBDA 's role in sustaining missile sovereignty amid joint ventures, with over 1,500 employees by mid-decade contributing to export successes like sales.

Expansion and modern era (2010–present)

In 2010, MBDA UK secured a 10-year contract valued at up to £4 billion from the to supply and support a range of systems, marking a significant commitment to sustaining domestic complex weapons capabilities. This agreement built on the signed that year between the and , which facilitated joint development efforts on s such as the (FC/ASW), involving MBDA's UK and entities in shared design and production phases. In 2018, the company received a £410 million (approximately $566 million) contract to extend the service life of the beyond 2030, enhancing its integration with platforms like the . Facility expansions accelerated in the mid-2010s, with the opening of a new state-of-the-art site and Integrated Logistics Center in in 2017, designed to boost production of precision-guided munitions. By 2023, MBDA UK inaugurated the Digital Battlespace Facility at its headquarters, a multi-domain battlelab for simulating advanced operations and integrating AI-driven systems like the ORCHESTRIKE core for weapons such as SPEAR 3. Ongoing investments exceeded £1 billion in UK technology and infrastructure, expanding the site from 11,000 m² to 48,000 m² to support R&D in hypersonics and countermeasures. In May 2025, a £200 million upgrade at doubled the facility's capacity, creating 700 high-skilled jobs focused on and assembly. The 2021 £550 million contract for SPEAR missile production underscored MBDA UK's role in next-generation air-launched systems for the F-35B Lightning II. In 2024, renewal of the strategic partnership with the Ministry of Defence under the Partnering for Accelerated Capability programme (PMA2) committed £6.5 billion over a decade, sustaining over 5,500 jobs across UK sites and enabling £550 million in prior investments, including Bolton expansions. Recent developments include the August 2025 contract for six Land Ceptor air defence launchers, supporting up to 140 jobs and doubling deployable systems for national defence. Under the 2025 Lancaster House 2.0 declaration, MBDA UK advanced UK-France collaboration on Storm Shadow successors and a Meteor missile study, while ramping production to double output by year-end compared to 2023.

Corporate Structure

Ownership and governance

MBDA UK Limited functions as the subsidiary within the MBDA group, ultimately controlled through MBDA SAS, the group's French holding entity. The parent MBDA group is a owned equally at 37.5% by and , with Leonardo holding the remaining 25%. Governance at the group level is provided by a composed of nominees from the shareholders, which establishes MBDA's strategic objectives and oversees overall direction. The CEO, Éric Béranger (appointed June 2019), manages group operations, supported by an Executive Committee for cross-functional coordination. MBDA UK's specific operations are led by Managing Director Chris Allam, who assumed the role in and concurrently serves as Executive Group Director for , ensuring alignment with group while addressing national priorities. This structure incorporates the MBDA Operational Framework and Business Management System to maintain compliance, , and policy development across subsidiaries.

Leadership and organizational divisions

MBDA UK's leadership is headed by Managing Director Chris Allam, who concurrently serves as the MBDA Group's for . Allam, holding a BEng in Aeronautical from the , joined MBDA from and was appointed to the UK Managing Director role on October 23, 2017, while also joining the Group's Executive Committee. In this dual capacity, he oversees UK-specific operations, including engineering development, program execution, and integration with national defense priorities, while contributing to Group-wide technical strategy. The UK entity reports into the MBDA Group's overarching governance structure, led by Group CEO Éric Béranger since 2019, ensuring alignment with the joint venture's multinational framework involving shareholders , , and Leonardo. Organizationally, MBDA UK operates as an integrated national division within the Group's model, emphasizing cross-functional collaboration across , , and rather than siloed units. This structure supports the UK's approximately 4,000 employees in delivering missile systems tailored to , , and requirements, with functional oversight in areas such as program management (e.g., under directors like Andy Bradford for tactical strike integration) and affairs. Key operational divisions are geographically distributed across major sites, each specializing in core capabilities: serves as the hub for research, development, testing, and simulation; focuses on , business functions, and innovative technologies via the Sparkworks unit; and handles advanced and integrated . These site-based divisions enable efficient scaling of production and R&D, as evidenced by recent expansions announced in May 2025 to support increased output amid heightened defense demands. Corporate support functions, including HR, finance, IT, and legal, underpin these operations to maintain compliance and efficiency across the UK footprint.

Operations and Facilities

Key sites and capabilities

MBDA UK's primary operational sites are located in , , and , supporting missile , , and development activities. The facility, situated at Six Hills Way, SG1 2DA in , serves as the UK headquarters and hosts advanced engineering capabilities focused on testing, (R&D), simulation, and synthetic environments. Established in the and subsequently redeveloped, it functions as a hub for integration and complex systems validation essential to MBDA's product lifecycle. In , at Lea Field Way, Bolton BL5 1ED in , maintains a purpose-built, state-of-the-art site equipped with advanced digital connectivity and flexible production units. This location specializes in the production of card assemblies (CCAs), , inert , and ship sets, while serving as the centre of excellence for data links and sections/actuators. An Integrated Center (ILC) was established here in 2017 following relocation from the former Lostock site, enhancing support for operational sustainment. Recent investments have expanded capacity to meet rising export demands, particularly for ground-based air defence systems. The site, located at PO Box 5, , BS34 7QW, accommodates key business functions, engineering teams, and the Sparkworks innovation area dedicated to . Its proximity to the facilitates collaboration on strategic programs, with emphasis on engineering design and business operations rather than primary .

Workforce, economic contributions, and

MBDA UK employs over 5,000 personnel across its primary facilities in (), ([Greater Manchester](/page/Greater Manchester)), and , specializing in , , and systems integration for missile technologies. The workforce has expanded significantly, with more than 2,300 new hires added over the five years preceding 2023, driven by increased defence demands and programme growth. In May 2025, a £200 million investment at the site was announced, projected to create 700 additional high-skilled positions by enhancing production capacity for surface-launched systems. These operations contribute to the economy through direct , , and export revenues. 's activities support regional economies in the North West and South West, with recent contracts such as a £118 million order for missile launchers sustaining up to 140 jobs at the facility as of August 2025. Broader investments exceed £1 billion in UK-based technology and facilities expansion, including a near quadrupling of the site's footprint to 48,000 m² by 2028, fostering skills in advanced and . Participation in programmes like is estimated to generate at least £25.3 billion in economic value over the initial 30 years through multipliers and exports, though this encompasses collaborative efforts beyond alone. The company's emphasizes and domestic sourcing to ensure sovereign capabilities, engaging approximately 7,000 suppliers globally with a focus on UK-based partners for critical components like and . audits, risk assessments, and criteria are applied to maintain competitiveness and innovation, including cyber protection and emissions reduction. In January 2025, acquired Roxel, Europe's leading tactical supplier with a UK production site, to integrate and secure key supply elements previously externalized, reducing dependency risks in missile motor manufacturing. This strategy aligns with UK defence priorities for industrial , prioritizing verified, high-performance suppliers over cost alone.

Products

Air-launched systems

MBDA UK leads the development and production of several air-launched systems integral to the Royal Air Force's capabilities, including short-range air-to-air missiles, precision-guided munitions, and beyond-visual-range interceptors. These systems emphasize advanced seekers, high maneuverability, and integration with platforms such as the and F-35 Lightning II. The ASRAAM (Advanced Short Range ), designed for close-combat engagements, features a 166 mm diameter rocket motor enabling speeds exceeding Mach 3 and a low-drag for superior end-game maneuverability. It entered service with the RAF in 1998 and has been upgraded for enhanced imaging and electronic countermeasures resistance. integrates with like the Typhoon and Hawk, with over 20,000 units produced for UK and export use. Brimstone, an , employs a dual-mode seeker combining millimeter-wave and semi-active for precision strikes against armored targets. Initially deployed on GR4 aircraft in 2008, it demonstrated effectiveness in operations over and , with capabilities extended to helicopters and unmanned systems. The missile's 50 kg warhead and 60 km range support networked targeting. , a long-range , provides stand-off deep-strike capability with a engine, inertial/GPS navigation, and imaging for terminal accuracy against hardened targets. Operational since 2002 with the RAF, it has a range exceeding 250 km and a 450 kg , used notably in in 2011 to neutralize radar installations. MBDA UK handles integration and sustainment under UK contracts. The beyond-visual-range , powered by a for sustained high speed and no-escape zone performance, integrates with and Rafale platforms. Jointly developed with European partners, MBDA UK contributes to UK-specific variants and production, with initial operational capability achieved in 2018. , the next-generation selectable precision effects at range missile, weighs approximately 100 kg and offers multi-mode seekers for engaging dynamic targets up to 100 km away from F-35B and aircraft. It achieved its first end-to-end live firing test in November 2024 from a , confirming integration and autonomous retargeting features. Development focuses on countering air defenses and armored threats.

Surface-launched systems

MBDA UK develops and produces surface-launched missile systems primarily for air defence and precision strike roles, with the Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM) family serving as a cornerstone for both naval and ground-based applications. The CAMM, weighing 99 kg and measuring 3.2 m in length, enables high-rate-of-fire engagements against multiple simultaneous threats through soft vertical launch technology, providing 360-degree coverage and compatibility with various sensors for non-line-of-sight operations. The Sea Ceptor variant equips vessels, including Type 23 frigates where it entered service in 2018, as well as planned integrations on Type 26, Type 31 frigates, and Type 45 destroyers, offering local area air defence out to 25 km with minimal sensor integration requirements due to its fully active seeker. Complementing this, Land Ceptor provides ground-based air defence for the , replacing the system and incorporating CAMM missiles with a launcher vehicle, two fire unit support vehicles, , and BMC4I command system to defeat up to eight threats simultaneously at ranges up to 25 km and altitudes of 10,000 m. In August 2025, the awarded a £118 million contract for six additional Land Ceptor systems, doubling the fleet and enhancing protection against aircraft and air-launched munitions for forward-deployed forces operated by the . For precision ground attack, MBDA UK's Surface-Launched Brimstone delivers over 98% success rates against static, moving, and maneuvering targets such as main battle tanks and armored vehicles in all-weather conditions, with and low suitable for urban environments. This variant supports integration on land vehicles like and , unmanned ground vehicles such as TRX and , and enables control modes from remote operation to full . MBDA UK has adapted the Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile (ASRAAM), originally an infrared-guided weapon entering service in 1991 for aircraft like Typhoon and F-35, into a surface-launched configuration for low-cost, point air defence. Demonstrated at DSEI 2025, the Surface-Launched ASRAAM integrates into platforms like the Raven system, offering flexible, platform-agnostic deployment via static, tracked, or wheeled launchers for very short-range protection of deployed forces. In , MBDA's joint UK-French Sea Venom program, while primarily helicopter-launched from aircraft achieving initial operating capability in October 2025, is evolving toward surface-launched variants for shipboard and truck-mounted coastal batteries to extend over-the-horizon strike against vessels like corvettes. Development of the canisterized surface-launch option builds on successful guided firings and aims to provide mobile, networked anti-ship capabilities.

Countermeasures and emerging technologies

MBDA UK contributes to (EW) countermeasures through systems designed to disrupt adversary sensors and communications. The SPEAR-EW, an air-launched EW effector derived from the missile family, employs digital radio frequency memory jamming to suppress enemy air defences at stand-off ranges, enabling safer operations for friendly in contested environments. In September 2023, the awarded MBDA and Leonardo a £10 million to advance SPEAR-EW demonstrations for suppression of enemy air defences (SEAD) missions, focusing on its integration with RAF platforms like the F-35B. This system represents an evolution from traditional expendable jammers, offering reusable or modular payloads for enhanced tactical flexibility. MBDA UK also supports hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing for (RF) and () countermeasures, developing modular VHF test sources to evaluate susceptibility in military RF systems against . These efforts align with broader portfolio elements like the SPECTRA suite, which integrates long-range detection and localisation of IR, electromagnetic, and laser threats, though primary development occurs through pan-European collaboration. In , MBDA UK invests in counter-unmanned aerial systems (C-UAS), with the Skywarden effector—a ground-launched munition—targeting small Class 1 and Class 2 using precision guidance for rapid threat neutralisation. Demonstrated successfully by 2025, Skywarden incorporates novel warhead and seeker technologies to address proliferating low-cost UAV threats. MBDA UK's £ investment in Hybrid Drones Ltd in April 2025 supports hybrid jet-electric UAVs like the Hydra 400, aiming to fuse platforms with effectors for swarming or munitions. Advancing navigation resilience, MBDA UK partners with Advanced Navigation to integrate NILEQ absolute positioning into missile systems, countering GPS denial through inertial and quantum-enhanced alternatives; prototypes were tested by November 2024 for use in precision-guided weapons. In hypersonics, MBDA leads the HYDIS consortium, achieving Initial Concept Review completion in October 2025 for a European hypersonic defence interceptor capable of engaging Mach 5+ threats with boost-glide or scramjet propulsion. These initiatives underscore MBDA UK's focus on integrating AI-driven autonomy and directed effects into next-generation defences.

Research, Development, and Major Programs

UK-led initiatives

MBDA has spearheaded the development of the Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM) family as part of the 's sovereign Complex Weapons portfolio, delivering versatile surface-to-air capabilities for land and sea platforms. Initiated to replace legacy systems like , CAMM employs for 360-degree coverage and rapid salvo fire, with a range exceeding 25 km. Sea Ceptor, the naval variant, achieved initial operating capability on Type 23 frigates in 2018, while Land Ceptor provides mobile ground-based defence against , drones, and cruise missiles. In August 2025, the awarded MBDA a £118 million for six additional Land Ceptor systems, enhancing for high-value assets and supporting up to 140 jobs at MBDA's facility. The precision-guided missile, designed for anti-armour roles, originated from a requirement for a weapon deployable from , helicopters, and ground vehicles. Featuring millimetre-wave and dual-mode seekers for adverse weather operation, it engages moving targets at ranges up to 60 km with minimal . Surface-Launched extends this to land platforms, as demonstrated in trials and exports. Development leveraged -funded increments, including upgrades for integration with helicopters and Protector UAVs, maintaining sovereign control over key technologies. Under the Select Precision Effects At Range (SPEAR) Capability 3 programme, MBDA is developing the to equip RAF F-35B aircraft with standoff strike against suppressed emission targets and air defences. This turbofan-powered weapon, with a over 100 , incorporates networked data links for man-in-the-loop control and modular warheads. A full end-to-end firing trial succeeded on 17 November 2024 at a , validating guidance and impact phases. Despite delays shifting initial service entry to the early 2030s, the programme sustains expertise amid evolving threats. In broader research efforts, MBDA UK led the £5 million Geometry Handling and Integration (GHandI) project in 2013, one of seven Aerospace Technology Institute initiatives, to refine models for complex airframe geometries, aiding future and integration. MBDA UK also contributes to the government's £1 billion hypersonic technologies framework, launched in May 2024 by Team Hypersonics, focusing on and materials for domestic glide vehicles and interceptors. Additionally, the UK-led project, announced in July 2025, integrates MBDA's effectors into NATO's air and defence architecture for enhanced interoperability.

Collaborative international projects

MBDA UK's collaborative efforts in are primarily channeled through the parent company's multinational framework, involving partnerships with allies to share costs, expertise, and technology for advanced systems. These projects emphasize and collective defense needs, with the UK contributing design, testing, and integration capabilities from sites like and . The beyond-visual-range represents a flagship multinational initiative, developed by under a of six European nations including the , , , , , and . Initiated in the early , the program achieved initial operational capability with the in 2018, featuring a engine for sustained high speed and maneuverability up to 100 km range. Partner nations jointly fund upgrades, such as the mid-life update planned for decision by end-2024, enhancing resistance and . In partnership with , MBDA UK advances the (FC/ASW) program, a joint successor to the /SCALP-EG missile, formalized in a July 2025 UK- agreement to initiate the next development phase for deep-strike and maritime strike capabilities. This bilateral effort, valued at boosting industrial jobs and technology transfer, targets in-service entry in the 2030s with modular warheads and enhanced range beyond 500 km, building on shared testing at UK ranges. and the committed to fresh orders as an interim measure, totaling hundreds of units, while integrating anti-ship variants under the STRATUS branding advanced with in September 2025. The also engages in the family enhancements through the (), a trilateral framework with and via (MBDA's joint venture with Thales). Originally Franco-Italian in core development since the 1990s, UK involvement escalated with integration in 2009, leading to joint production ramps; in February 2025, the three nations ordered over 200 additional 30 missiles to replenish stocks and upgrade Block 1 variants for defense up to 120 km altitude. This collaboration ensures shared logistics and upgrades, with MBDA UK handling UK-specific launcher adaptations. Emerging hypersonic initiatives, such as the MBDA-led HYDIS consortium for hypersonic interceptors, incorporate expertise alongside and partners, completing initial concept review in 2025 to counter advanced threats with speeds exceeding 5. These efforts align with interoperability goals, though details remain classified pending further funding.

Strategic Role and Achievements

Contributions to national security

![RAF Tornados Destroying Libyan Radar Station MOD 45155735.jpg][float-right] MBDA UK contributes to the United Kingdom's by designing, manufacturing, and supplying advanced missile systems that equip the , , and with capabilities for air defense, precision strikes, and maritime operations. These systems provide standoff engagement options, enabling forces to neutralize threats while minimizing risks to personnel and assets. In air , MBDA's Land Ceptor system, integrated into the Sky Sabre framework, fires Common Anti-Air Modular Missiles (CAMM) to intercept , cruise missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles at ranges exceeding 25 kilometers. The contracted for six additional launchers on August 21, 2025, to address vulnerabilities against swarms and other aerial threats, enhancing territorial . For offensive operations, UK-developed weapons like the cruise missile, first successfully fired from an F-35B on November 17, 2024, deliver precision-guided strikes against high-value targets in contested environments, supporting RAF and missions. Similarly, and missiles have been employed in conflicts such as in 2011, where RAF Tornados used to destroy radar installations, degrading enemy air defenses and facilitating coalition air superiority. Naval contributions include the Sea Venom anti-ship missile, integrated on platforms like , providing the Royal Navy with lightweight, networked effectors for engaging surface threats and supporting littoral operations. MBDA's ongoing involvement in programs like the hypersonic HYDIS interceptor, which completed its Initial Concept Review in October 2025, positions the UK to counter emerging high-speed threats, ensuring long-term deterrence against advanced adversaries.

Technological innovations and export successes

MBDA UK has pioneered advancements in and propulsion systems, notably contributing to the beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile's engine, which enables sustained high speed and an expanded no-escape zone compared to traditional rocket-powered missiles. This technology, developed in collaboration but with significant UK engineering input at sites like , enhances lethality against maneuvering targets at distances exceeding 100 km. Similarly, the precision-guided missile features a dual-mode seeker combining millimeter-wave for all-weather capability with semi-active laser for terminal precision, allowing dual attacks on multiple targets from standoff ranges. The Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM) family, led from MBDA 's and facilities, incorporates active radio-frequency seekers and a "soft vertical launch" system that ejects the via gas before ignition, reducing launcher complexity and enabling high-volume fire. This supports variants like Sea Ceptor for naval use and Land Ceptor for ground-based air defense, with innovations in networked integration for distributed lethality. Recent trials, such as the turbojet-powered miniature cruise 's successful 2024 firing from a aircraft, demonstrate advancements in compact, low-collateral strike systems with beyond-line-of-sight targeting. Export successes underscore these technologies' appeal, with the CAMM family securing a £1.9 billion contract in 2023 for 's air defense systems, including initial deliveries of missiles and PILICA+ launchers in 2025. followed with orders for CAMM integration into its ground-based systems, marking UK's first major non-UK European sale of this UK-initiated product. has achieved broad adoption, including 's 2024 procurement of over 3,200 missiles for Eurofighter Typhoons under a multi-thousand-unit framework, and earlier sales to , , and . exports began with 's $1 billion order in 2015 as the first non-European customer, followed by additional batches to and , affirming UK contributions to multinational programs' global competitiveness.

Controversies and Criticisms

Allegations of unethical arms use

, as part of the multinational group, has supplied missiles including , , and PGM500 variants to , which were used in the Saudi-led 's airstrikes during the beginning in 2015. According to a 2019 report by the Yemeni Mwatana for , -supplied weapons, including those from , featured in at least five strikes on civilian infrastructure such as factories and a between 2015 and 2016, resulting in at least one death and injuries to two others, with no evident military targets. Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) and other advocacy groups have alleged these uses contributed to broader patterns of indiscriminate attacks, citing over 12,000 civilian deaths from coalition airstrikes by 2019, though assessments maintain that licenses adhere to criteria and that no conclusive evidence links specific MBDA munitions to violations. In 2017, parliamentary records confirmed MBDA-produced weapons were deployed in , prompting protests and criticism from student activists and organizations like Demilitarise , who accused the company of in humanitarian harm through arms sales to the . The Court of Appeal in 2019 ruled that the government's approval was not irrational, despite ongoing judicial reviews by CAAT challenging the of misuse, leading to continued authorizations totaling over £2 billion in relevant licenses to by 2021. More recently, a 2025 Guardian investigation linked components—specifically wings manufactured at 's facility for Boeing's GBU-39 small-diameter bombs—to at least 24 airstrikes in since November 2023, which killed over 500 people including more than 100 children, often in densely populated areas like schools and displacement camps without prior warnings. Examples include the 26 May 2024 strike on Fahmi al-Jarjawi school, killing 36 people (half children), and the same-day attack on Kuwaiti Peace Camp 1, with 45 fatalities; the UN and have described some such incidents as potentially constituting war crimes due to their disproportionate impact on civilians. Over 40% of UK's revenues derive from its subsidiary's operations, including this contract, with £350 million in 2024 dividends distributed to UK-based shareholder among others. MBDA has stated that its supply of parts complies with all applicable national and international laws, including export controls, and emphasized ethical decision-making in sales, while declining to address divestment from US operations or halting supplies to Israel. In September 2025, UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy suspended certain weapons export licenses to Israel over risks of serious violations, though this did not directly impact MBDA's US-sourced components routed through UK finances; advocacy groups like CAAT have urged MBDA to cease such involvement to align with international law.

Responses, legal compliance, and defense imperatives

MBDA UK addresses allegations of unethical arms use by emphasizing its rigorous compliance with UK export control regimes, which require licenses from the Export Control Joint Unit (ECJU) under the Department for Business and Trade for all defense exports. These licenses incorporate assessments of risks, including potential violations of international humanitarian law, with exports approved only if they align with UK policy criteria. In cases involving sales to Saudi Arabia amid the Yemen conflict, MBDA has stated that it adheres fully to UK and applicable international regulations, with no evidence of direct company involvement in unlawful diversions or misuse. The company's Code of Ethics, updated as of 2020, mandates ethical conduct across operations, including export compliance and oversight to prevent risks. suppliers are required to support processes, ensuring alignment with laws like the Export Control Order 2008. Following a 2019 court ruling suspending certain arms licenses due to inadequate risk assessments, subsequent government reviews reinstated approvals where compliance was verified, underscoring that 's exports remain contingent on official clearances rather than unilateral decisions. Defense imperatives underpin 's operations, prioritizing sovereign capabilities to safeguard against evolving threats, such as air and attacks. Contracts like the August 2025 agreement for six Land Ceptor air defense systems exemplify this, enhancing protections while sustaining over 1,000 jobs and bolstering domestic manufacturing resilience. Amid geopolitical tensions, invests in rapid capability delivery, including €2.4 billion group-wide from 2025-2030 to expand European defense production, aligning with strategies for industrial sovereignty and alliance interoperability. These efforts reflect causal priorities: maintaining technological edge and autonomy to deter aggression, as delays in such systems could compromise operational readiness in conflicts. Critics from non-al organizations, often advocating arms trade restrictions, contrast with -endorsed imperatives, but empirical on licensed exports affirm legal frameworks over unsubstantiated misuse claims.

References

  1. [1]
    About Us - MBDA
    MBDA is a unique multi-national European group and a world-leader in the field of complex weapon systems. Established through the merging of Airbus, BAE Systems ...Our Vision and Strategy · Our History · MBDA in the UK, Excellence at... · Innovation
  2. [2]
    MBDA in the UK, Excellence at your side
    MBDA is a unique multi-national European group, a world-leader in the field of complex weapon systems.
  3. [3]
    Our History - MBDA
    1914-1945. First steps in the development of guided missiles ; 1945-1960. The pioneering period in the UK ; 1946-1958. The pioneering period in France ; 1960-1967.
  4. [4]
    MBDA - Graces Guide
    Jul 8, 2025 · 2001 MBDA was formed by a merger of Aérospatiale-Matra Missiles (part of EADS), Italian Alenia Marconi Systems (of Finmeccanica) and British ...
  5. [5]
    Rocket men - The Manufacturer
    Apr 9, 2011 · Missile maker MBDA, with a £3bn turnover, is unique in Europe in serving global armed forces in the air, at sea and on the ground. Its UK ...
  6. [6]
    Communicaid Supports the European Integration of MBDA
    Mar 17, 2009 · MBDA was formed in 2001, through the merger of the largest missile companies in France, the UK and Italy. They were subsequently joined by the ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
  7. [7]
    MBDA awarded $6 bln weapons contract by UK's MoD | Reuters
    Mar 29, 2010 · European missile maker MBDA has been awarded a 10-year contract worth up to 4 billion pounds ($6 billion) by Britain's Ministry of Defence ...
  8. [8]
    MBDA cooperation part of 'Entente Industrielle'
    Jul 11, 2025 · Since its creation 25 years ago, MBDA has been a tool of cooperation between the European nations, serving the sovereignty of France and the ...
  9. [9]
    MBDA Wins $566 Million U.K. Contract To Extend Brimstone Missile ...
    Mar 27, 2018 · The United Kingdom awarded MBDA a $566 million contract to extend the service life of the Brimstone air-to-surface missile through the ...<|separator|>
  10. [10]
    MBDA UK 2023 forecast and Digital Battlespace Facility opening
    May 17, 2023 · MBDA UK has also opened its new Digital Battlespace Facility at Stevenage that is a multi-domain battlelab that will be used by company ...
  11. [11]
    DSEI 2025: How MBDA acts to face current challenges and deliver ...
    Sep 10, 2025 · In the UK, over £1 billion is being invested in technology and infrastructure, growing the facility's footprint from 11,000m² to 48,000m² by ...Missing: modern era
  12. [12]
    Hundreds of high-skilled jobs created at defence firm MBDA's ...
    May 23, 2025 · 700 high-skilled jobs are set to be created following a £200 million investment from European defence company MBDA at its site in Bolton.Missing: 2010-2025 | Show results with:2010-2025
  13. [13]
    UK orders production of MBDA's SPEAR mini-cruise missile
    Jan 5, 2021 · MBDA has received a contract valued at £550 million for production of the SPEAR missile system from the UK Ministry of Defence.Missing: expansions | Show results with:expansions
  14. [14]
    Battle-winning complex weapons for UK Armed Forces secured for ...
    Jul 22, 2024 · The UK will be able to deliver battle-winning complex weapons to the Armed Forces faster thanks to a £6.5 billion planned investment in UK industry by the MOD.Missing: expansions | Show results with:expansions
  15. [15]
    UK jobs and air defences boost with purchase of new missile ...
    Aug 22, 2025 · New contract with MBDA supports up to 140 jobs across the UK, demonstrating defence's role as an engine for growth and supporting the ...Missing: 2010-2025 | Show results with:2010-2025
  16. [16]
    UK Armed Forces Minister visits MBDA, announces LAND CEPTOR ...
    Aug 21, 2025 · The UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) announced on Friday 22 August a contract to purchase six new LAND CEPTOR launchers, bolstering national ...Missing: 2010-2025 | Show results with:2010-2025
  17. [17]
    Mbda Uk Limited - Company Profile - Pomanda
    Mbda Uk Limited has 5 subsidiary companies. Ultimate parent company. MBDA SAS. 1 parent. MBDA UK LIMITED. 5 subsidiaries. CURROCK ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED.
  18. [18]
    MBDA – A tool for Sovereignty
    Apr 6, 2022 · MBDA is jointly owned by Airbus (37.5%), BAE Systems (37.5%), and Leonardo (25%).
  19. [19]
    Our Governance - MBDA
    At MBDA, we promote and embody international cooperation and governance. Since its creation, our Group has built an 'integrated' model.
  20. [20]
    Chris Allam appointed MBDA UK Managing Director - ADS Advance
    Oct 23, 2017 · MBDA is pleased to announce the appointment of Chris Allam to the role of MBDA UK Managing Director and to MBDA's Group Executive Committee.
  21. [21]
    Chris Allam - MBDA - LinkedIn
    Chris Allam - MBDA University of Hertfordshire - About As MBDA's UK Managing Director and the Executive Group Director Engineering I take great...
  22. [22]
    UK Business Secretary visits MBDA site as planned investment and ...
    May 23, 2025 · Part of that investment will be dedicated to MBDA's manufacturing site in Bolton, UK, and forms part of a wider £500 million commitment from ...Missing: modern era
  23. [23]
    MBDA UK CEO and Key Executive Team - Craft.co
    MBDA UK CEO and Key Executive Team · Chris Allam · Andy Bradford · James Milligan · James Allibone · Giovanni Soccodato · Executives of similar companies.
  24. [24]
    MBDA, Excellence at your side | MBDA
    MBDA is a unique multi-national European group, a world-leader in the field of complex weapon systems. About Us · Our Vision & Strategy.About Us · UK · Products · MBDA in France, Excellence at...
  25. [25]
    Corporate & Central Support - MBDA Careers
    At MBDA our Corporate functions cover a wide range of disciplines from HR and Finance, to Sales & Business Development and Communications.Missing: organizational divisions
  26. [26]
    Manufacturing & Operations - MBDA Careers
    We have core skills in manufacturing of CCA's, Equipment, Inert missiles, ship sets, and we are the Manufacturing Centre of Excellence for Missile Data Links ...
  27. [27]
    MBDA Investment Bolsters British Missile Manufacturing Capacity
    Sep 27, 2023 · MBDA is growing its Bolton, England, facilities to support growing export demands for ground-based air defenses.Missing: UK capabilities
  28. [28]
    Working with MBDA UK | STEM Returners Partners
    Our 5,000+ employees in the UK work together to develop products to the highest of standards and innovations, often working on technologies not available to ...Missing: workforce | Show results with:workforce
  29. [29]
    MBDA UK - Best Companies
    The company designs and produces missile systems to meet the current and future needs of the armed forces over land, sea and air.
  30. [30]
    Multi-million defence investment creates 700 jobs days after UK-EU ...
    May 22, 2025 · ... MBDA in July 2024. MBDA UK Managing Director Chris Allam said: We are proud and excited to be building a world class engineering and ...
  31. [31]
    UK Jobs and Air Defences Boost With Purchase of New Missile
    Aug 22, 2025 · The £118 million purchase will secure jobs and growth in the North-West, supporting up to 140 jobs including at manufacturer MBDA's site in ...
  32. [32]
    The UK's future combat air programme can generate billions ... - MBDA
    Oct 15, 2020 · The Tempest programme will contribute at least £25.3bn2 to the UK economy in the first 30 years alone. This figure excludes the significant ...
  33. [33]
    MBDA UK Ltd - Supply Chain Sustainability School
    We work with around 7,000 suppliers to design, manufacture and deliver our defence systems. Supplier quality audits and risk assessments are carried out ...
  34. [34]
    Procurement & Supply Chain - MBDA
    Developing a strong, qualified supplier network aimed towards competitiveness industrial performance, innovation, cyber protection and low carbon emissions.
  35. [35]
    MBDA boosts supply chain efficiency with Roxel acquisition | News
    Jan 6, 2025 · Describing itself as “Europe's leading supplier of tactical propulsion systems”, Roxel has three production sites in France, and one in the UK, ...
  36. [36]
    Our Supply Chain Requirements towards our Suppliers - MBDA
    At MBDA, we work with qualified suppliers to design, manufacture and deliver our missiles and missile systems. Thanks to the continuous optimisation and ...
  37. [37]
    ASRAAM - MBDA
    Its 166mm diameter rocket motor and very low drag, aerodynamic airframe, gives ASRAAM unrivalled speed and manoeuvrability throughout the flight envelope.
  38. [38]
    Tactical Strike - MBDA
    The next generation air launched Surface Attack Weapon SPEAR is MBDA's latest capability for Selective Precision Effects At Range.Spear · Brimstone · Sea venom/anl
  39. [39]
    Deep Strike - MBDA
    Air Dominance. MBDA's unrivalled family of combat proven Air-to-Air missiles provide our customers with Air Superiority in any situation. · Area Protection.Storm shadow / scalp · Taurus kepd 350e · MdCN / NCM · EXOCET Family
  40. [40]
    UK secures £6.5 billion complex weapons deal with MBDA
    Jul 22, 2024 · The deal aims to sustain over 5,500 jobs at MBDA UK sites in Bolton, Lancashire; Stevenage, Hertfordshire; and Bristol, alongside thousands more ...
  41. [41]
    METEOR - MBDA
    METEOR has been developed by a group of European partners led by MBDA to meet the needs of six European nations: the UK, Germany, Italy, France, Spain and ...
  42. [42]
    SPEAR missile bound for F-35B achieves firing milestone - MBDA
    Nov 19, 2024 · The MBDA-designed SPEAR air-to-surface cruise missile from a BAE Systems-operated Typhoon test and evaluation jet at Vidsel range in Sweden.
  43. [43]
    UK's New SPEAR 3 Mini Cruise Missile Succeeds In First End-To ...
    Nov 18, 2024 · The SPEAR 3 is set to provide the British F-35B stealth fighter with a much-needed standoff air-to-ground attack capability.
  44. [44]
    CAMM - MBDA
    CAMM, the Common Anti-air Modular Missile, is the next generation air defence missile designed for land, sea and air environments.
  45. [45]
    SEA CEPTOR - MBDA
    SEA CEPTOR is the latest generation naval air defence weapon system, providing robust protection of host platform and escorted shipping out to 25km.
  46. [46]
    Land Ceptor | The British Army
    Built by MBDA, Land Ceptor comprises the Common Anti-air Modular Missile (CAMM), a launcher vehicle and two fire unit support vehicles. It is being ...
  47. [47]
    DE&S Secures £118m Contract to Deliver Six New Land Ceptor ...
    Aug 22, 2025 · We have awarded a £118 million contract to MBDA for the manufacture and delivery of six state-of-the-art Land Ceptor missile systems, ...
  48. [48]
    SURFACE LAUNCHED BRIMSTONE - MBDA
    The surface-launched BRIMSTONE and TRX can be controlled through the full-range of options from remote control, teleoperation and semi/full autonomy. BRIMSTONE ...
  49. [49]
    ASRAAM reconfigured for surface-to-air missile defence
    Apr 24, 2025 · MBDA UK originally designed this infrared guided missile – which entered service in 1991 – to be fired from Typhoons and F-35 fighter jets ...
  50. [50]
    DSEI 2025: Latest MBDA weapons systems revealed
    Sep 9, 2025 · MBDA will produce the surface-launched (SL) version of the Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile (ASRAAM) for the new Raven air defence system ...
  51. [51]
    DSEI 2025: MBDA offers Surface-Launched ASRAAM - Janes
    Sep 9, 2025 · The 13-tonne, 8 m-long system is platform-agnostic, with MBDA publishing an image of it with static, tracked, and wheeled launchers, including ...
  52. [52]
    Initial Operating Capability declared for Royal Navy Sea Venom anti ...
    Oct 2, 2025 · A 30m radar mast gives at least 30km+ of range at the surface. “The Wildcat can quickly turn away from the target after launch keeping it away ...
  53. [53]
    MBDA's Sea Venom evolves family of weapons - Naval News
    Sep 10, 2025 · European missile group MBDA is preparing to spin out a multi-platform family of weapon systems based on its Sea Venom lightweight anti-ship ...
  54. [54]
    MBDA's SPEAR-EW moves to the next stage
    Sep 12, 2023 · SPEAR-EW is a novel electronic warfare effector designed to confuse and suppress enemy air defence, protecting friendly forces and acting as a significant ...
  55. [55]
    MBDA and Leonardo secure £10M deal for Spear EW ... - YouTube
    Sep 16, 2023 · MBDA and Leonardo were awarded a contract by the UK Ministry of Defence to develop the Spear-EW, an electronic-attack variant of MBDA's ...
  56. [56]
    [PDF] 2021 SPEAR-EW datasheet - MBDA Inc.
    SPEAR-EW is being developed by MBDA to complete a wide range of Suppression of Enemy Air Defence. (SEAD) missions under a Technical Demonstration.
  57. [57]
    HWIL RF and IR Countermeasures | MBDA UK Ltd (Precision ...
    A modular VHF test source has been developed by MBDA UK Ltd in order to address EMC requirements for both military and non-military RF susceptibility and ...
  58. [58]
    SPECTRA - MBDA
    The SPECTRA integrated electronic warfare suite provides long range detection, identification and accurate localisation of Infrared, electro-magnetic and laser ...
  59. [59]
    Successful Demonstration and New Effector Concept - MBDA Inc.
    The new effector concept is a ground-launched anti-air munition targeting threats that include Class 1 and smaller Class 2 small uncrewed aircraft systems ( ...
  60. [60]
    MBDA invests in UK's Hydra Drones - ADS Group
    Apr 29, 2025 · Hybrid Drones Ltd – producers of the hybrid Jet-Electric Hydra 400 uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) – has announced that MBDA is investing in its innovative ...
  61. [61]
    Advanced Navigation, MBDA improve resilient navigation technology
    Nov 25, 2024 · Advanced Navigation and MBDA have partnered to co-develop a resilient navigation system that incorporates MBDA's NILEQ absolute positioning ...<|separator|>
  62. [62]
    UK, Australian Industry Working On Alternative Navigation ...
    Nov 22, 2024 · Australian company Advanced Navigation is working with the UK arm of European missile manufacturer MBDA to adapt technology used in... Tony ...
  63. [63]
    Brimstone Guided Missile - Think Defence
    Brimstone is an advanced, rocket-propelled, radar-guided weapon and can seek and destroy armoured targets at long range.Brimstone History · Brimstone Wins · Brimstone Capabilities · Baseline Brimstone
  64. [64]
    Cruise missile of the future completes firing - GOV.UK
    Nov 17, 2024 · SPEAR is a truly unique weapon system - the first to offer the range, flexibility, precision and load-out to defeat modern enemy air defences.
  65. [65]
    MBDA UK Leads New R&D Effort For Aerospace Tech Innovation
    Jun 17, 2013 · MBDA UK, part of the MBDA Group, is leading the Geometry Handling and Integration (GHandI) project, valued at $7.8 million, one of seven major ...
  66. [66]
    DE&S to award contracts on £1 billion framework to develop UK's ...
    May 13, 2024 · The organisations accepted onto the eight-lot Framework, which is led by MOD's Team Hypersonics (UK), will now be eligible to bid for contracts; ...
  67. [67]
    New Storm Shadow and missile cooperation to boost jobs ... - GOV.UK
    Jul 9, 2025 · The new agreement will see the UK and France commit to launch the next phase of their joint project for both deep strike and anti-ship missiles.
  68. [68]
    Partners to decide on Meteor MLU by end of 2024 - Janes
    Feb 9, 2024 · The partner countries will decide before the end of 2024 on the scope and scale of a planned mid-life upgrade (MLU) to the MBDA Meteor beyond-visual-range air- ...
  69. [69]
    France, UK strengthen air-launched weapons collaboration via MBDA
    Jul 10, 2025 · France and the UK are to order fresh batches of MBDA Storm Shadow/SCALP-EG cruise missiles, while also strengthening their commitment to an in-development ...
  70. [70]
    MBDA on track with its acceleration of ASTER missile production
    Jul 30, 2025 · These measures were formalized in February 2025 through the order of additional ASTER missiles for France, Italy and the UK.
  71. [71]
    ASTER Surface to Air Missile (Sea Viper) - Think Defence
    MBDA UK has been awarded an 11-year contract to integrate the Common Anti Air Modular Missile (CAMM) into the Type 45 destroyer's Sea Viper weapon system. In ...Sea Viper (ASTER) History · Sea Viper (ASTER) Capabilities · ASTER Missiles
  72. [72]
    https://defence-industry.eu/mbda-led-hydis-consortium-completes-initial-concept-review-for-hypersonic-defence-interceptor/
  73. [73]
    Sky Sabre - Defence Equipment & Support
    Sep 8, 2023 · The Land Ceptor launcher and missile system is supplied by MBDA and fires Common Anti-Air Modular Missiles (CAMM) missiles.
  74. [74]
    First successful firing of new guided cruise missile - Royal Air Force
    Nov 17, 2024 · Developed in the UK by MBDA, work on the cutting-edge new SPEAR missile supports several hundred jobs among MBDA's 5,500-strong UK workforce, ...Missing: defense | Show results with:defense
  75. [75]
    Missiles of the United Kingdom
    Mar 3, 2021 · In 2010 the Ministry of Defense signed a 10-year Portfolio Management Agreement with MBDA Missile Systems to manage acquisition goals, which is ...Trident D5 · Brimstone · SCALP EG / Storm Shadow · Spear 3
  76. [76]
    Products | MBDA
    MBDA offers a comprehensive product range, incorporating today's most advanced technologies, meeting the needs of the three branches of the armed forces.Deep Strike · Area Protection · Air Dominance · Tactical Strike
  77. [77]
    UK backs MBDA's Brimstone missile to 2030 and beyond
    Mar 27, 2018 · The United Kingdom has awarded MBDA a £400 million contract for the capability sustainment programme (CSP) of the advanced Brimstone air-to-surface missile.
  78. [78]
    Yes we CAMM: inside the UK's surface-to-air missile success
    Feb 19, 2019 · CAMM falls under the UK's Complex Weapons Portfolio, an initiative that sees the UK work with its industry partner MBDA to retain a sovereign ...
  79. [79]
    UK wins £1.9bn missile export for Poland's air defence
    Apr 28, 2023 · The UK and Poland have signed a major £1.9bn export agreement on 28 April 2023 to roll out a British air defence system across the European nation.
  80. [80]
    Sweden orders MBDA's CAMM air defence missile
    MBDA is pleased to announce it has signed a contract in Sweden to deliver Common Anti-air Modular Missiles (CAMMs) for the Swedish Armed Forces.Missing: exports | Show results with:exports
  81. [81]
    Germany orders hundreds of Brimstone missiles for Eurofighters
    Jun 27, 2024 · Delivery of the air-to-surface missiles in 2028 will conclude a framework agreement with MBDA that totals several thousand systems.Missing: exports | Show results with:exports
  82. [82]
    MBDA deal may lead to British drone, Apache helo carrying ...
    Mar 27, 2018 · Correction: Saudi Arabia is not the only export customer of the Brimstone 2 missile. Qatar is also on that customer list.
  83. [83]
    Saudi Arabia First Export Customer For Meteor - Aviation Week
    Feb 4, 2015 · Saudi Arabia is the first export customer for the MBDA Meteor missile, having signed a contract worth more than $1 billion for the weapon, ...
  84. [84]
    Sweden procures third batch of Meteor missiles for Gripen aircraft
    Mar 20, 2025 · The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) has signed for additional procurement of MBDA's Meteor missiles for the JAS 39 Gripen.
  85. [85]
    UK arms used in Yemen - CAAT
    Sep 8, 2025 · The UK government admits that Saudi Arabia has used UK weapons, made by companies around the UK, in its attacks on Yemen.
  86. [86]
    https://mwatana.org/en/day-of-judgment/
  87. [87]
    https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/growing-controversy-surrounds-uk-supplied-weapons-in-yemen
  88. [88]
    Outrage as arms companies attend careers fair - Varsity
    Oct 15, 2023 · MBDA came under fire in 2017 after it was confirmed in Parliament that weapons produced by the company had been used in the Yemen. Another ...
  89. [89]
    UK authorised £1.4bn of arms sales to Saudi Arabia after exports ...
    Feb 9, 2021 · Saudi Arabia's air force is accused of being responsible for many of the estimated 8,750 civilian deaths in airstrikes. While the raids have ...
  90. [90]
    European missile group MBDA selling parts for bombs that have ...
    Jul 18, 2025 · MBDA distributed almost £350m in dividends last year to its three shareholders – Britain's biggest defence firm BAE Systems, France's Airbus and ...
  91. [91]
    https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/gaza-israeli-attacks-two-displaced-persons-camps-rafah-should-be-investigated-war
  92. [92]
    UK Export Controls - Global Sanctions
    UK export controls aim to manage the risks of international transfers of sensitive items that could be misused to undermine national security.Activities · Legislation · Export Licences<|separator|>
  93. [93]
    Export controls: dual-use items, software and technology, goods for ...
    Guide to licensing procedure and other restrictions for export of controlled dual-use items, software and technology, goods for torture and radioactive sources.
  94. [94]
    UK firms linked to alleged war crimes tout weapons in UAE
    Feb 24, 2017 · BAE Systems, Raytheon and MBDA have repeatedly said they comply with all UK and US legislation governing arms exports to the region. They also ...
  95. [95]
    [PDF] CODE OF ETHICS - MBDA
    MBDA's Code of Ethics sets out ethical principles, explains how employees should behave, and applies to all employees, aiming to be an industry benchmark.
  96. [96]
    UK: Arms Sales to Saudis Suspended After Landmark Ruling
    Jun 20, 2019 · The UK government has agreed to suspend arms sales to Saudi Arabia immediately until it makes a new lawful decision on arms licenses or obtains ...<|separator|>
  97. [97]
    [PDF] A Defence Industrial Strategy for the UK - RUSI
    Such a policy should, as a priority, match the strategic needs of defence – and the imperative for sustaining national freedom of action and operational.<|control11|><|separator|>