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Tempest

The Tempest is a five-act romance play authored by William Shakespeare, composed circa 1610–1611 and likely one of his final independent works.^[1] Centering on Prospero, the ousted Duke of Milan who wields sorcery on an isolated island alongside his daughter Miranda, the narrative unfolds after he summons a supernatural storm to wreck the vessel carrying his treacherous brother Antonio, the King of Naples Alonso, and their entourage.^[2] Prospero's schemes involve his enslaved spirit Ariel and the brutish native Caliban, driving plots of retribution, romantic entanglement between Miranda and Alonso's son Ferdinand, and eventual mercy toward the castaways, culminating in Prospero's abjuration of magic and return to Milan.^[3] The play draws partial inspiration from the 1609 shipwreck of the English vessel Sea Venture off Bermuda, as recounted in contemporary accounts that circulated in London, blending elements of exploration, illusion, and political intrigue reflective of Jacobean-era interests in New World voyages.^[1] Notable for its innovative stagecraft—employing spectacle, music, and masques—it has been interpreted through lenses of authority and subversion, with Prospero's control symbolizing both creative mastery and imperial dominion, though such readings must account for the text's emphasis on personal reconciliation over systemic critique. First staged by the King's Men at Whitehall Palace, The Tempest endures as a cornerstone of Shakespeare's canon, frequently adapted into operas by composers like Thomas Adès and films emphasizing its fantastical elements, while its metatheatrical qualities—Prospero as a stand-in for the playwright—have fueled speculation of autobiographical intent.^[2]

Arts and Entertainment

Literature

The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, first performed on 1 November 1611 at Whitehall Palace before King James I.^[4] The work draws inspiration from contemporary accounts of shipwrecks, including William Strachey's 1610 letter describing the 1609 wreck of the Sea Venture in Bermuda, which Shakespeare likely encountered through printed or circulated versions.^[4] It appeared in print for the first time in the 1623 First Folio collection of Shakespeare's plays, compiled by his fellow actors John Heminges and Henry Condell.^[5] The plot centers on Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, who was usurped by his brother Antonio with the aid of King Alonso of Naples and exiled to a remote island with his infant daughter Miranda twelve years prior.^[6] Prospero, a scholar versed in magic, enslaves the native islander Caliban and commands the spirit Ariel; he conjures a tempest to shipwreck Alonso, Antonio, Alonso's brother Sebastian, advisor Gonzalo, and Alonso's son Ferdinand, separating them on the island to confront their past treacheries.^[6] Through illusions and Ariel's interventions, Prospero tests the survivors: Ferdinand and Miranda fall in love, Antonio and Sebastian plot against Alonso but are thwarted, and Caliban allies briefly with the drunken butler Stephano and jester Trinculo in a failed rebellion.^[7] Ultimately, Prospero forgives his enemies, arranges Miranda's betrothal to Ferdinand, frees Ariel, renounces his magic, and returns to Milan, leaving Caliban to reclaim the island.^[7] Classified among Shakespeare's late romances alongside Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, and Pericles, the play explores themes of reconciliation, power, and colonialism through its isolated setting and supernatural elements, though no single source accounts for the full narrative, which Shakespeare synthesized from travel reports, classical texts like Ovid's Metamorphoses, and Montaigne's essays on natural man.^[8] Modern literary scholarship, such as editions from the Folger Shakespeare Library, highlights its blend of comedy, tragedy, and masque-like spectacle, with Prospero often interpreted as a semi-autobiographical figure reflecting Shakespeare's retirement from the stage around 1613.^[7] Beyond Shakespeare's work, fewer original literary pieces bear the title Tempest without direct derivation; notable examples include William Carlos Williams's 1928 poem "Tempest," which evokes stormy emotional turmoil in free verse, published in his collection Collected Poems. However, most subsequent uses reference or adapt Shakespeare's play, such as Tad Williams's 1995 novel Caliban's Hour, reimagining Caliban's perspective in a fantasy framework, or Katherine Duckett's 2019 Miranda in Milan, extending Miranda's story post-exile with supernatural intrigue. These derivative works underscore the enduring influence of Shakespeare's original on prose fiction and poetry exploring isolation, magic, and redemption.

Films

The Tempest (1908), directed by Percy Stow, was the first film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play, a silent short produced in Britain that condensed the story into key scenes featuring Prospero's magic and the shipwreck.^[9]^[10] Tempest (1928), a synchronized sound drama directed by Sam Taylor, starred John Barrymore as a Russian sergeant navigating class tensions and romance amid revolutionary upheaval, drawing no direct connection to Shakespeare's work despite the title.^[11]^[12] Derek Jarman's The Tempest (1979) reimagined the play as a surreal, low-budget fantasy shot at Stoneleigh Abbey, with Heathcote Williams as a brooding Prospero exerting control over spirits and exiles, incorporating punk aesthetics, nudity, and improvised elements that diverged from the original text.^[13] Paul Mazursky's Tempest (1982) offered a contemporary loose adaptation, following an architect (John Cassavetes) fleeing to a Greek island for personal reinvention, echoing Prospero's isolation with themes of midlife crisis and relationships involving Gena Rowlands and Susan Sarandon.^[14] Peter Greenaway's Prospero's Books (1991) centered on John Gielgud's Prospero narrating through 24 imagined books, blending lavish visuals, voiceover of the full play script, and erotic imagery to explore power, knowledge, and exile in an avant-garde style.^[15] Julie Taymor's The Tempest (2010) gender-swapped the lead role to Helen Mirren's Prospera, a deposed duchess wielding magic on an island with her daughter Miranda (Felicity Jones), incorporating CGI effects for Ariel (Ben Whishaw) and emphasizing feminist reinterpretations amid shipwrecked royals.^[16] These productions vary in fidelity to the source material, with Jarman and Greenaway prioritizing stylistic innovation over literal retelling, while Taymor's version balances spectacle and textual adherence.^[17]

Television

Television adaptations of William Shakespeare's The Tempest began in the early days of broadcast television, with productions emphasizing the play's themes of magic, exile, and reconciliation through live or taped performances suited to the medium's constraints. Early efforts, such as a 90-minute version directed by Dallas Bower on February 5, 1939, featured distinguished casts but were limited by rudimentary technology, focusing on a condensed narrative of Prospero's island machinations.^[9] These adaptations often prioritized fidelity to the text while adapting staging for studio sets, marking television's role in democratizing access to Shakespearean drama. A notable milestone came with the 1960 Hallmark Hall of Fame production, directed by George Schaefer, starring Maurice Evans as Prospero and Richard Burton as Ariel. Broadcast on NBC, this version highlighted Burton's ethereal portrayal amid shipwreck survivors, blending Elizabethan costumes with dramatic storm effects to evoke the play's supernatural elements.^[18] Three years later, in 1963, Australian Broadcasting Corporation aired an adaptation directed by Alan Burke, featuring Reg Livermore as Prospero in a locally produced interpretation that incorporated Antipodean sensibilities into the island exile motif. Though not strictly a film, its television format underscored regional efforts to localize Shakespeare. The BBC's contribution arrived in 1980 as part of the ambitious BBC Television Shakespeare series (1978–1985), directed by John Gorrie with Michael Hordern as Prospero and Derek Godfrey as Antonio. This 140-minute installment, aired on December 27, 1980, adhered closely to the First Folio text, employing practical effects for Ariel's illusions and Miranda's innocence, while critiquing colonial undertones through Caliban's subplot.^[19] An animated rendition followed in 1992 for the Shakespeare: The Animated Tales series, a 30-minute episode that simplified the plot for younger audiences via cel animation, emphasizing Prospero's magical books and the tempest's fury.^[9] Later broadcasts included rebroadcasts and recordings of stage productions, such as the Stratford Festival's 2010 rendition starring Christopher Plummer as Prospero, which aired on PBS in 2014 and again in 2024, capturing live theater energy with Plummer's authoritative command over spectral servants and reconciled foes.^[20] These adaptations reflect television's evolution from live broadcasts to polished recordings, consistently portraying The Tempest as a meditation on power and forgiveness, though critics note occasional dilutions of the play's linguistic complexity for visual pacing.^[9]

Music

Henry Purcell composed incidental music and songs for a semi-opera adaptation of Shakespeare's The Tempest, known as The Tempest, or The Enchanted Island (Z. 631), circa 1695, which incorporated masques and supernatural elements central to the play's themes of enchantment and storm.^[21] This work, blending spoken dialogue with vocal and instrumental pieces, exemplifies Restoration-era theatre music and includes evocations of tempests through orchestral effects.^[22] In the nineteenth century, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky produced The Tempest (Op. 18), a symphonic fantasia in F minor completed in 1873, drawing directly from Shakespeare's narrative to depict seascapes, Prospero's magic, and the romance between Miranda and Ferdinand through programmatic orchestration.^[23] The piece premiered in Moscow on December 8, 1873, and remains a staple of the orchestral repertoire for its vivid tone painting and emotional depth.^[24] Jean Sibelius created incidental music (Op. 109) for a 1925 production of The Tempest at Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, premiered on March 15, 1926, featuring a prelude, suites, and character-specific motifs that underscore the play's isolation and reconciliation.^[25] Later arranged into two suites, this late-period work integrates Sibelius's mature style of brooding atmospheres and lyrical interludes, reflecting the island's mystical isolation.^[26] Shakespeare's The Tempest has inspired dozens of operas and semi-operas since the seventeenth century, with notable modern examples including Thomas Adès's The Tempest (2004), which premiered on February 10, 2004, at the Royal Opera House in London with a libretto by Meredith Oakes adapting the original text into a three-act structure emphasizing psychological tensions.^[27] The opera, conducted by the composer himself at its Metropolitan Opera premiere in 2012, employs dissonant harmonies and rhythmic complexity to portray Prospero's control and eventual renunciation of power.^[28] Other instrumental works include Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor (Op. 31, No. 2, 1802), posthumously nicknamed "The Tempest" for its stormy opening and dramatic contrasts evoking the play's chaos and resolution, though Beethoven did not explicitly title it as such.^[29] In popular music, Bob Dylan's album Tempest, released on September 10, 2012, by Columbia Records, features ten original songs with the title track narrating a fictionalized Titanic sinking amid apocalyptic imagery, unrelated to Shakespeare but sharing thematic motifs of disaster and fate.^[30]

Visual Arts

Shakespeare's The Tempest (first performed around 1611) has inspired extensive visual art, particularly paintings and illustrations emphasizing its themes of magic, exile, and reconciliation, with artists favoring dramatic scenes involving Prospero, Ariel, Miranda, and the shipwreck.^[31] Early modern depictions often highlighted romantic or supernatural elements, as seen in engravings and oils produced for theater audiences or private collectors.^[32] A notable 18th-century example is William Hogarth's oil painting Ferdinand courting Miranda (c. 1736–1738), which illustrates the lovers' meeting in Act I, Scene II, portraying Ferdinand's arrival on the island and Miranda's sheltered innocence amid Prospero's watchful magic; the work measures approximately 76 x 63 cm and resides in collections like those of the National Trust.^[33] Similarly, William Hamilton's Prospero and Ariel (1797), an oil on canvas (81 x 57.5 cm) now in Berlin's Alte Nationalgalerie, depicts the sorcerer commanding his ethereal servant, underscoring the play's hierarchical dynamics between human control and supernatural agency.^[32] In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Pre-Raphaelite-influenced artists explored the play's emotional and elemental motifs. John William Waterhouse's Miranda – The Tempest (1916, oil on canvas, 39.5 x 100 cm) shows the protagonist cowering during the summoned storm (Act I, Scene II), her windswept figure symbolizing vulnerability and the intrusion of the external world into her isolated life; exhibited posthumously, it reflects Waterhouse's late-career focus on Shakespearean heroines amid turbulent nature.^[34] George Henry Hall's Miranda (from "The Tempest") (1866–1867, oil) isolates the character on the shore, evoking her shipwrecked solitude and the play's sole prominent female role, as held in the Smithsonian American Art Museum.^[35] Other works include Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg's The Tempest, Act I, Sc. I, The Shipwreck (c. 1793), commissioned for Thomas Macklin's Poet's Gallery to visualize the opening catastrophe driving the plot.^[36] Engravings, such as Samuel Middiman's after Giovanni Battista Cipriani for The Tempest, Act I: Ferdinand and Miranda (late 18th century), further disseminated these scenes, adapting them for print reproduction.^[37] These artworks collectively prioritize the play's spectacle over textual fidelity, often amplifying visual drama for Romantic-era tastes.

Video Games

Tempest is a tube shooter arcade video game developed and published by Atari, Inc. in 1981, designed and programmed by Dave Theurer.^[38] Players control a claw-like ship positioned at the outer edge of a tubular, three-dimensional playfield divided into multiple lanes, firing at geometric enemies that advance from the tunnel's center toward the perimeter.^[39] The game utilized color vector graphics on Atari's Quadrascan technology, with levels increasing in difficulty through faster enemy speeds, new foe types like flippers and spikes, and bonuses for clearing waves.^[40] The original arcade cabinet featured a distinctive spinner control for precise 360-degree movement along the tube's rim, contributing to its reputation for intense, skill-based action.^[39] Tempest proved commercially successful, earning strong revenue in arcades and influencing subsequent shooters with its pseudo-3D perspective.^[41] Ports appeared on home systems including the Atari 2600 (as an unreleased prototype), Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, and later compilations like Microsoft Arcade for Windows 3.x, adapting the vector visuals to raster displays with varying fidelity.^[42]^[43] Sequels expanded the formula with enhanced graphics and mechanics. Tempest 2000, developed by Llamasoft and released for the Atari Jaguar in 1994, introduced filled polygons, power-ups such as smart bombs and machine guns, branching bonus levels, and a pulsating soundtrack, earning acclaim for revitalizing the series on 64-bit hardware.^[44] Ports followed for PC, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, and 3DO, preserving its high-speed frenzy.^[45] Tempest 4000, another Llamasoft production published by Atari in 2018, modernized the gameplay for consoles and PC with vibrant, particle-heavy visuals, 100 levels across progressive difficulties, three modes including classic and spin-trap variants, and online leaderboards for score competition.^[46]^[47] An interim sequel, Tempest 3000, emerged in 1999 for PC but received limited attention due to niche distribution and dated polygons compared to contemporaries.^[41] These iterations maintain Tempest's core loop of rapid enemy elimination and risk-reward scoring, underscoring its enduring appeal in arcade revival collections.^[48]

Other Media

The play has been adapted into numerous radio dramas, with the BBC producing multiple full-cast versions emphasizing its themes of magic, exile, and reconciliation. A 1974 BBC Radio 3 production, directed by Ian Cotterell, starred Paul Scofield as Prospero and Patrick Stewart as Caliban.^[49] An earlier BBC Radio adaptation from 1964 featured Michael Redgrave as Prospero, Hugh Griffith as Caliban, Vanessa Redgrave as Ariel, and Anna Massey as Miranda.^[50] A 2023 BBC Radio 3 version, directed by Jeremy Mortimer, highlighted environmental connections with a Scottish cast including David Warner as Prospero, Carl Prekopp as Ariel, and Rose Leslie as Miranda.^[51] These productions, often broadcast on Radio 3 as part of Shakespeare-focused seasons, preserve the original text while leveraging sound design for supernatural elements like storms and spirits.^[52] Graphic novel adaptations have rendered the narrative in visual formats accessible to younger or reluctant readers. Classical Comics released The Tempest: The Graphic Novel in 2009, available in original unabridged text, simplified "quick text," and workbook editions, illustrated in full color to depict the island's enchantments and shipwreck.^[53] SelfMadeHero's 2008 Manga Shakespeare: The Tempest, adapted by Richard Appignanesi and illustrated by Paul Duffield, reimagines the story in a dystopian future following a 21st-century energy crisis, fusing Elizabethan dialogue with manga aesthetics.^[54] Saddleback Educational Publishing issued a hi-lo graphic novel version aimed at educational use, streamlining the plot for low-reading-level audiences while retaining key scenes of Prospero's sorcery.^[55] Full-cast audio recordings, distinct from stage or screen, include commercial releases of BBC radio dramatizations, such as a production narrated with sound effects to evoke the tempest and Ariel's illusions, available since the early 2000s.^[56] These audio editions, often featuring professional actors, facilitate study and performance analysis by isolating vocal delivery and acoustics from visual staging.^[57]

Military

World War II

The Hawker Tempest was a single-seat fighter aircraft developed by Hawker Aircraft as an advanced derivative of the Typhoon, featuring a lengthened fuselage, thinner elliptical wings, and improved aerodynamics to enhance high-altitude performance while retaining low-altitude speed advantages.^[58] The Tempest Mk V, the primary operational variant during World War II, was powered by a 2,180 horsepower Napier Sabre IIB liquid-cooled inline engine and armed with four 20 mm Hispano Mk V cannons, enabling effective engagement of both aerial and ground targets.^[59]^[60] It achieved a maximum speed of approximately 435 mph (700 km/h) at low to medium altitudes, making it the fastest single-engine propeller-driven fighter in RAF service for such profiles.^[61] The first production Tempest Mk V rolled off the assembly line on 21 June 1943, with the type entering operational service with the Royal Air Force in April 1944, initially equipping squadrons for home defense.^[61]^[62] In response to the German V-1 flying bomb offensive beginning on 13 June 1944, Tempest units such as No. 3 Squadron were rapidly deployed for low-level interceptions, leveraging the aircraft's superior dive speed—exceeding 500 mph—and maneuverability to close on the pulsejet-powered weapons.^[63] Tempest pilots were credited with destroying 638 V-1s between June and September 1944, accounting for over one-third of the RAF's total of 1,771 flying bombs downed by interceptors during that period.^[64] From July 1944 onward, Tempest wings within the Second Tactical Air Force supported the Allied invasion of Normandy and subsequent ground operations across northwest Europe, performing fighter sweeps, bomber escorts, and close air support with rocket projectiles and bombs.^[65] In air-to-air combat, these units achieved 240 confirmed victories against Luftwaffe aircraft, including notable successes against advanced types such as seven Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighters, three Arado Ar 234 bombers, and one Heinkel He 162.^[66] The Tempest's robust construction and powerful engine allowed it to withstand ground fire during low-level attacks, contributing to its effectiveness in disrupting German logistics and armor concentrations, though it suffered losses to flak and superior enemy fighters at higher altitudes.^[65] Approximately 801 Tempest Mk V aircraft were produced during the war, forming the backbone of RAF Tempest operations before later variants like the Mk II entered production too late for significant combat.^[67] The type's combat debut marked a shift toward multirole capabilities in late-war RAF tactics, emphasizing speed and firepower over earlier designs' climb rates.^[59]

Post-World War II and Cold War

The TEMPEST program emerged in the early 1950s as a U.S. response to vulnerabilities in electronic systems processing classified information, where unintentional electromagnetic emanations—termed "compromising emanations"—could be intercepted and reconstructed by adversaries at distances up to hundreds of meters.^[68] This threat gained urgency during the Cold War, following post-World War II advancements in radar and signals intelligence, which enabled exploitation of radiated signals from military teletypewriters and early computing devices used in secure communications.^[69] Soviet publication of radio frequency interference suppression standards in 1954 further alerted U.S. agencies to potential foreign capabilities in emanation interception, prompting the National Security Agency (NSA), established in 1952, to formalize countermeasures.^[68] By 1958, the NSA issued initial TEMPEST standards mandating shielding, filtering, and physical separation of "red" (classified) and "black" (unclassified) circuits in equipment to suppress detectable emissions, with these protocols integrated into military procurement for command centers, cryptographic terminals, and avionics.^[70] NATO adopted compatible certification processes, applying them to allied forces' electronics to counter Warsaw Pact espionage, particularly in Europe where U.S. and NATO installations faced proximity to Soviet listening posts.^[71] Implementation involved laboratory testing for emission levels, with zoned protections allowing higher-risk environments—like forward-deployed units—to prioritize cost-effective mitigations over absolute suppression.^[68] Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, TEMPEST evolved amid escalating U.S.-Soviet technological rivalry, incorporating countermeasures against advanced receivers capable of demodulating video displays and keying signals from military radars and data links, as evidenced by NSA field tests revealing reconstructible intelligence from unshielded systems.^[69] Declassified directives assigned interagency responsibilities, including Department of Defense oversight for equipping tactical systems with TEMPEST-compliant hardening, such as ferrite filters on cabling and conductive enclosures on transmitters.^[72] By the 1980s, the standards supported three protection levels—I for basic lab certification, II for structural shielding, and III for stringent operational environments—deployed in strategic assets like nuclear command networks to prevent emanation-based leaks during crises such as the 1979 NATO exercises.^[70] The program's classified nature limited public disclosure until partial declassifications, underscoring its role in maintaining electromagnetic security amid pervasive Cold War surveillance threats.^[69]

Modern Developments

The Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), formerly known as the Tempest programme in the United Kingdom, represents a collaborative effort among the UK, Italy, and Japan to develop a sixth-generation stealth fighter aircraft. Initiated through a 2022 trilateral agreement merging the UK's Tempest concept with Japan's F-X programme, GCAP aims to produce an advanced combat aircraft capable of integrating manned and unmanned systems, with enhanced sensor fusion, artificial intelligence, and directed-energy weapons. The programme's core partners have committed to delivering the platform into service by the mid-2030s, replacing ageing fleets such as the Eurofighter Typhoon in the Royal Air Force.^[73]^[74] In July 2025, GCAP achieved a key milestone with the opening of its international headquarters in Reading, Berkshire, UK, facilitating coordinated design and development across the partner nations. This followed a progress review confirming advancements in technology demonstrators, including subscale models for aerodynamics and propulsion testing. BAE Systems, leading the UK effort, unveiled a next-generation combat air demonstrator in the same month, emphasizing stealth features, extreme operational range, and a payload capacity potentially twice that of the F-35 Lightning II. Rolls-Royce is advancing adaptive cycle engine technology for the aircraft, targeting sustainable propulsion with reduced emissions and higher efficiency.^[75]^[76]^[77] The programme has faced scrutiny over feasibility, with a UK parliamentary report in 2025 highlighting risks of delays and cost overruns exceeding initial estimates, potentially reaching £12 billion for the UK share alone. Despite this, partners remain committed, with prototype flight targeted for 2027 and full operational capability by 2035. Discussions on expanding the consortium, such as potential German involvement, have surfaced but appear unlikely as of late 2025, prioritizing the core trio's integration. GCAP's emphasis on export potential and industrial offsets underscores its strategic role in maintaining allied air superiority amid rising peer competitors.^[78]^[79]^[80]

Naval Uses

Several warships in the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Tempest. One early example was HMS Tempest (H71), an R-class destroyer built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Govan, Scotland, and launched on 26 August 1916. She displaced 975 long tons, measured 276 feet in length, and was armed with three 4-inch guns, one 2-pounder anti-aircraft gun, four 21-inch torpedo tubes, and depth charges for anti-submarine warfare. During World War I, she conducted convoy escorts, patrols, and anti-submarine operations in the North Sea and English Channel, contributing to the defense against German U-boats. Decommissioned after the war, she was sold for scrapping on 25 October 1937. A more prominent vessel was HMS Tempest (N86), a T-class submarine laid down by Cammell Laird at Birkenhead on 15 February 1940, launched on 24 June 1941, and commissioned on 6 December 1941 under Lieutenant Commander William A. K. N. Cavaye.^[81] Displacing 1,290 tons surfaced and 1,560 tons submerged, she was armed with six bow torpedo tubes, a 4-inch deck gun, and a 20 mm anti-aircraft gun, designed for offensive patrols against Axis shipping in confined waters.^[81] Assigned to the 1st Submarine Flotilla at Malta, she conducted patrols in the Mediterranean, sinking the Italian transport Tembien (3,370 tons) on 7 January 1942 and damaging other vessels before her loss.^[81] On 13 February 1942, after surfacing to recharge batteries in the Gulf of Taranto, she was detected and sunk by depth charges from the Italian torpedo boat Circe, with all 61 crew members lost; Italian records confirm the attack's success via hydrophone effects and debris.^[81]^[82] The United States Navy has also operated three ships named USS Tempest. The first, a side-wheel steamer acquired in 1865, served briefly in riverine operations during the post-Civil War period before decommissioning.^[83] The second, a shallow-draft wooden-hulled gunboat commissioned around 1918, supported coastal patrols and training until stricken in 1920.^[83] The third, USS Tempest (PC-2), a Cyclone-class coastal patrol craft commissioned on 28 August 1994, displaced 365 tons, measured 179 feet, and was equipped with two 25 mm Mk 38 chain guns, .50-caliber machine guns, and Stinger missiles for littoral warfare.^[83] She conducted maritime interdiction, mine countermeasures, and special operations support in the Persian Gulf and transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard for trials before returning to Navy service in 2001 with Patrol Coastal Squadron 2.^[83] Decommissioned by the U.S. Navy in 2011, she was transferred to Bahrain in 2012 for continued patrol duties.^[83]

Science and Technology

Security and Cryptography

TEMPEST, a codename originating from U.S. intelligence efforts in the mid-20th century, addresses the security risks posed by unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions from electronic devices processing sensitive data. These compromising emanations, detectable at distances ranging from meters to kilometers depending on equipment and environment, can be intercepted and reconstructed to reveal plaintext information, even from encrypted systems if keys or operations leak via side channels. The National Security Agency (NSA) formalized TEMPEST as part of emissions security (EMSEC), emphasizing shielding and zoning to prevent such espionage, with early demonstrations in 1962 involving interception of teletypewriter signals from a nearby facility in Japan.^[68]^[69] In cryptographic contexts, TEMPEST countermeasures mitigate side-channel attacks where EM radiation betrays algorithmic operations, such as differential power analysis analogs in RF spectra, potentially exposing keys in ciphers like AES without direct access. Standards mandate low-emission designs for equipment handling classified information; for instance, NATO SDIP-27 Level A (formerly AMSG 720B) requires emissions below -60 dBµV/m at 1 meter for NATO Zone 0 (same-room threats), while Level B extends protection to 20 meters for Zone 1. U.S. equivalents, like NSTISSAM TEMPEST/1-92, similarly classify zones and enforce filtering, grounding, and Faraday cage enclosures to suppress radiated and conducted emissions across frequencies from kHz to GHz.^[84]^[85] Certification involves laboratory testing for compliance, with non-compliant devices restricted from secure environments; violations have historically enabled foreign intelligence recoveries, as noted in declassified NSA analyses of intercepted diplomatic communications. Modern adaptations incorporate software mitigations, like randomized operations to mask EM signatures, though hardware shielding remains primary due to persistent vulnerabilities in legacy and consumer-grade systems.^[68]^[86]

Computing and Software

TEMPEST, in the context of computing, refers to a framework of standards and countermeasures addressing unintentional compromising emanations—electromagnetic, acoustic, or visual—from computers, monitors, keyboards, and related peripherals that could enable remote data interception. These emanations arise from normal operation, such as pixel rendering on displays or electrical signals in processors, potentially allowing reconstruction of displayed or processed information via techniques like Van Eck phreaking.^[87]^[88] Originating from U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) research in the mid-20th century, TEMPEST standards classify systems into levels (e.g., Level A for highest protection in zoned environments) requiring shielding, filtering, and temporal desynchronization to suppress emissions below detectable thresholds, typically measured in microvolts per meter at specified distances.^[68]^[89] The acronym has been interpreted variably as Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Standard or Telecommunications Electronics Materials Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions, though its primary focus remains emission security (EMSEC) rather than a strict etymology.^[88] In software development for secure computing environments, TEMPEST compliance influences code practices to minimize predictable emission patterns, such as randomizing data processing timing or using low-emanation fonts and display algorithms that avoid uniform pixel transitions. For instance, secure operating systems may incorporate software-based jitter or encryption overlays to obscure electromagnetic signatures during cryptographic operations.^[90] However, software alone cannot fully mitigate risks, as emanations stem fundamentally from hardware physics; thus, TEMPEST-certified systems integrate firmware-level controls with physical enclosures.^[91] Contemporary applications persist in classified and high-security computing, where TEMPEST testing involves specialized labs scanning for radiated and conducted emissions across RF spectra (e.g., 10 kHz to 10 GHz). Non-compliance has historically enabled espionage, as demonstrated in declassified cases of intercepted teleprinter outputs from 1960s-era equipment.^[68]^[71] Standards have evolved into NATO-aligned guidelines (e.g., SDIP-27), emphasizing holistic system certification over isolated software fixes.^[90]

People

Individuals with the Surname

Dame Marie Tempest (15 July 1864 – 15 October 1942), born Mary Susan Etherington in London, was an English singer and actress who adopted the professional surname Tempest. She studied music in Paris and at the Royal Academy of Music before making her stage debut in 1885, performing in operas and later in musical comedies and dramas on both London and Broadway stages.^[92] Joey Tempest, born Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson on 19 August 1963 in Stockholm, Sweden, is a rock musician who adopted the stage surname Tempest. As lead vocalist and primary songwriter for the band Europe, formed in 1979, he co-wrote their 1986 hit "The Final Countdown," which topped charts in multiple countries and sold over 15 million copies worldwide.^[93]^[94] Kae Tempest, born Kate Calvert in 1985 in southeast London, is a spoken word artist, poet, novelist, playwright, and musician who performs under the surname Tempest. Beginning performances at age 16 on night buses and at raves, they attended the BRIT School and released debut album Everybody Down in 2014, earning Mercury Prize nomination; subsequent works include the 2016 collection Let Them Eat Chaos and novels like The Bricks That Built the Houses (2016).^[95]^[96] Among historical figures with the Tempest surname as family name, Sir John Tempest (c. 1401–1463) of Bracewell, Yorkshire, served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1439 and 1458, and of Lincolnshire in 1456, while supporting the House of York in the Wars of the Roses.^[97] Robert Tempest held the position of High Sheriff of Durham from 1558 to 1562.^[98] Pierce Tempest (1653–1717) was an English print publisher and engraver based in London, known for producing mezzotint portraits and landscapes.^[98]

Fictional Characters

Tempest (Garth) is a superhero in DC Comics, originally debuting as Aqualad, the Atlantean sidekick to Aquaman, before adopting the Tempest moniker in the 1990s. An orphaned Atlantean raised in the royal court, Garth possesses superhuman strength, enhanced swimming capabilities, and hydrokinetic powers, later augmented by advanced sorcery learned from the ancient king Atlan, enabling him to manipulate water, generate force fields, and cast spells.^[99] He co-founded the Teen Titans alongside Robin, Wonder Girl, and Kid Flash in The Brave and the Bold #54 (July 1964), contributing to numerous team adventures and solo arcs exploring Atlantean politics and personal mysticism. In later continuity, Tempest serves as Atlantis's UN ambassador, balancing heroism with diplomacy amid threats like oceanic incursions and magical upheavals.^[100] Tempest (Joshua Clay), also known simply as Tempest, is another DC Comics character, a member of the Doom Patrol team with energy-projection abilities. Introduced in Showcase #94 (August 1977) by writer Paul Kupperberg and artist Joe Staton, Clay is depicted as a Vietnam War veteran who gained his powers during combat when he instinctively unleashed thermal blasts from his hands to defend himself.^[101] These "tempest fire" bursts allow him to emit explosive plasma energy, though overuse risks cellular disintegration, necessitating a protective suit.^[101] Joining the second incarnation of the Doom Patrol post the original team's 1980s "death," Clay features in storylines tackling aberrant science, personal trauma, and team dysfunction, including battles against villains like the Brotherhood of Evil.^[101] His arc emphasizes redemption and control over destructive potential, distinguishing him from the more aquatic Garth iteration.)

Transportation

Automobiles

The Pontiac Tempest was an automobile manufactured by the Pontiac Motor Division of General Motors, initially produced from 1961 to 1970 as a compact and later intermediate-sized car, with a revival as a Canadian-market model from 1987 to 1991.^[102] Introduced for the 1961 model year on General Motors' new Y-body platform, the first-generation Tempest featured a distinctive drivetrain layout with a front-mounted inline-four engine and rear-mounted transaxle connected by a flexible "rope-drive" torque tube, enabling a low floor and 112-inch wheelbase despite rear-wheel drive.^[103] Standard power came from a 195-cubic-inch (3.2 L) "Trophy 4" inline-four engine producing 110 horsepower, derived from the right bank of Pontiac's V8, while an optional 215-cubic-inch (3.5 L) aluminum V8 from Buick delivered up to 164 horsepower; body styles included four-door sedans, station wagons, and coupes.^[104] This design aimed to combine compact efficiency with Pontiac's performance reputation but faced reliability issues with the driveshaft, leading to its discontinuation after 1963, during which approximately 90,000 units were sold.^[105] For 1964, the Tempest shifted to GM's A-body intermediate platform, growing in size to compete with models like the Chevrolet Chevelle and Ford Fairlane, with wheelbase expanded to 115 inches and engine options including a 250-cubic-inch (4.1 L) inline-six (140 hp) and V8s up to a 389-cubic-inch (6.4 L) unit (325 hp).^[106] The LeMans trim was introduced as a higher-end variant, serving as the basis for the 1964 Pontiac GTO muscle car package, which bundled the 389 V8 with performance upgrades and became a sales success with over 31,000 units in its debut year.^[102] Production continued through 1967 with styling updates, bucket seats, and console shifters becoming standard on custom models, emphasizing Pontiac's "wide-track" stance and sporty handling.^[106] The third generation, from 1968 to 1970, retained the A-body but adopted a more rounded, Coke-bottle fuselage design with federally mandated safety features like energy-absorbing steering columns; engine choices ranged from a 350-cubic-inch (5.7 L) V8 (250-330 hp) to the high-performance Ram Air variants, while the Custom S package offered luxury touches like vinyl roofs.^[106] Annual production peaked around 100,000 units in the mid-1960s before declining due to rising fuel costs and emissions regulations.^[102] The nameplate was retired after 1970, replaced by the Pontiac LeMans lineup. In 1987, Pontiac revived the Tempest name exclusively for the Canadian market as a rebadged version of the Chevrolet Corsica, a front-wheel-drive compact sedan on the L-body platform with a 2.8-liter V6 engine producing 130 horsepower and available in base or luxury LE trims.^[107] Built alongside the Corsica in U.S. plants, it featured Pontiac-specific styling like quad headlights and badging but shared the same 104.9-inch wheelbase and mechanicals, with production ending in 1991 amid poor sales and GM's badge-engineering strategy.^[108] This iteration sold modestly, primarily to differentiate Pontiac offerings in Canada without major U.S. investment.^[102]

Ships and Vessels

Several naval vessels have been named Tempest in recognition of stormy weather phenomena, with service spanning from the 19th to the late 20th century primarily in the Royal Navy and United States Navy.^[83] HMS Tempest (H71) was an R-class destroyer completed for the Royal Navy in 1917 as one of 62 such vessels built between 1916 and 1917.^[109] Constructed by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Govan on the Clyde, she participated in World War I operations but saw limited notable actions documented in primary records.^[109] HMS Tempest (N86), a T-class submarine, was laid down by Cammell Laird & Co. at Birkenhead and launched in June 1941.^[81] Displacing 1,327 tons, she was assigned to the 1st Submarine Flotilla at Malta rather than the smaller-boat 10th Flotilla due to her size.^[82] On February 10, 1942, under Lieutenant Commander William Alexander Keith Napier Cavaye, RN, she departed Malta to patrol the Gulf of Taranto; on February 13, Italian torpedo boat Circe forced her to surface with depth charges, leading to her sinking after the crew abandoned ship, with 39 of 63 personnel lost.^[81]^[82]^[110] In the United States Navy, the first USS Tempest was a wooden-hulled sidewheel steamer built in 1862 at Louisville, Kentucky, and acquired at Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 30, 1864.^[111] Commissioned in early 1865, she served briefly as flagship for a squadron on the Mississippi River before the Civil War's end, with no major combat engagements recorded.^[111] A second USS Tempest operated as a shallow-draft, single-turret monitor, originally laid down as Yuma.^[83] The third, USS Tempest (PC-2), was a Cyclone-class coastal patrol craft commissioned in 1993, capable of 32 knots, and designed for shallow-water interdiction and patrol duties.^[83] Civilian vessels include Tempest WS, a 32-meter motor yacht built in France in 1963, with a top speed of 21 knots and a range of 1,100 nautical miles, accommodating 8 guests and 5 crew.^[112]

Other Vehicles

The Hawker Tempest was a single-engine fighter aircraft developed by Hawker Aircraft for the Royal Air Force during World War II, entering operational service in April 1944.^[113] Evolving from the Hawker Typhoon with a redesigned thinner elliptical wing for improved high-speed performance and maneuverability, it was powered by a 2,180 horsepower Napier Sabre II liquid-cooled inline engine, achieving a top speed of approximately 426 mph (685 km/h) at low altitudes.^[114] Over 1,700 Tempests were produced, primarily in the Tempest Mk V variant, which featured four 20 mm Hispano cannons and could carry rockets or bombs for ground-attack roles.^[115] The aircraft proved highly effective in intercepting V-1 flying bombs, destroying over 638 between June and August 1944 through high-speed dives and tip-chasing tactics, and later in ground support during the Normandy campaign and advance into Germany.^[116] Postwar, Tempest variants continued in RAF service until 1949 and were exported to countries including India, where they saw combat in the 1947–1948 Indo-Pakistani War.^[114] The type's legacy includes setting a world air speed record of 528 mph (850 km/h) in level flight on October 14, 1945, piloted by Group Captain Hugh Wilson.^[113] In contemporary contexts, Tempest designates a sixth-generation combat aircraft program initiated by the UK Ministry of Defence in 2018, led by BAE Systems in collaboration with partners including Rolls-Royce, Leonardo, and international allies Italy and Japan under the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP).^[117] The design emphasizes stealth, artificial intelligence integration, directed-energy weapons, and networked operations, with a projected payload capacity twice that of the F-35 and extreme range capabilities.^[118] A full-scale demonstrator model was unveiled in 2022, and a piloted supersonic technology demonstrator is planned for flight testing in the late 2020s, aiming for initial operational capability around 2035 to replace Eurofighter Typhoon squadrons.^[119] As of 2025, the program has advanced through Phase 1.2 design maturation, focusing on adaptive cycle engines and sensor fusion.^[80] Less prominent uses include small-displacement motorcycles such as the Lexmoto Tempest 125, a retro-styled scrambler with a 125 cc air-cooled engine producing 10 hp, marketed in the UK since 2022 for urban and light off-road use.^[120] Similarly, the AJS Tempest Roadster 125 features fuel-injected Yamaha-derived mechanics in a classic commuter frame.^[121] These models, often assembled from Chinese components, target entry-level riders but lack the historical or strategic significance of aviation counterparts.^[122]

Other Uses

Organizations and Companies

Tempest Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company founded in 2011 and headquartered in Brisbane, California, that develops small-molecule product candidates targeting tumor cell death and immune system engagement for cancer treatment.^[123]^[124] WeatherFlow-Tempest is a weather technology company established in 2019, specializing in advanced personal weather monitoring systems and predictive analytics to mitigate weather-related risks for businesses and consumers.^[125]^[126] Tempest is an internet privacy company founded in 2019 by Michael Levit and Sean Murphy, offering tools such as a private search engine and browser designed to enhance user data security and control over digital footprints.^[127]^[128] The Tempest was a digital media and entertainment company cofounded in 2016 by Laila Alawa, focused on content creation for millennial women and non-binary individuals from diverse backgrounds.^[129] Tempest Collective is a revolutionary socialist organization formed in 2020 by former members of the disbanded International Socialist Organization, publishing analysis on Marxism, labor movements, and related political topics.^[130]^[131]

Miscellaneous

The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, likely composed between 1610 and 1611, depicting the exiled Duke Prospero's use of magic to conjure a storm that shipwrecks his enemies on a remote island, exploring themes of power, forgiveness, and colonial encounters.^[2] The narrative draws partial inspiration from the 1609 wreck of the English ship Sea Venture on Bermuda during a voyage to Virginia, as documented in contemporary accounts that described the survivors' ordeals and the island's supposed perils.^[132] Often regarded as one of Shakespeare's final solo-authored works, it features supernatural elements blending Renaissance interests in natural philosophy and spectacle, with Prospero's "art" symbolizing both sorcery and emerging scientific inquiry.^[133] Operation Tempest (Polish: Akcja Burza) was a series of anti-German partisan actions launched by the Polish Home Army from late 1943 through 1944, aimed at liberating key Polish cities ahead of the Soviet Red Army's advance to assert Polish sovereignty and counter potential Soviet claims.^[134] Coordinated by General Tadeusz Komorowski, the operations included uprisings in Vilnius (July 1944), Lwów (July–August 1944), and prelude actions to the Warsaw Uprising, involving over 100,000 fighters at peak but hampered by limited arms and Soviet non-cooperation, resulting in heavy Polish losses and post-war reprisals against participants.^[134] The strategy sought to demonstrate Polish resistance credentials to Allied powers, though it ultimately failed to prevent Soviet dominance in the region due to geopolitical shifts.^[134] The phrase "tempest in a teapot" denotes a disproportionate uproar over a trivial matter, originating in 17th-century English literature and popularized in American usage by the early 19th century to critique exaggerated controversies. This idiom reflects the word's broader etymological roots in denoting violent storms or commotions, as derived from Latin tempestas via Old French, but in idiomatic form emphasizes hyperbolic responses rather than literal weather events.^[135]

References

[1]
The Tempest: Shakespeare's Magical Tragicomedy
Mar 28, 2025 · The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare (c. 1564-1616), written in 1610 or 1611, and first performed for the court of James I of England (r. 1603-1625)
[2]
The Tempest - Entire Play | Folger Shakespeare Library
A story of shipwreck and magic, The Tempest begins on a ship caught in a violent storm with Alonso, the king of Naples, on board.The Tempest - Act 1, scene 2 · The Tempest - Act 2, scene 1<|separator|>
[3]
The Tempest: Entire Play - Shakespeare (MIT)
He'll be hang'd yet, Though every drop of water swear against it. And gape at widest to glut him. A confused noise within: 'Mercy on us!
[4]
Dates and sources | The Tempest | Royal Shakespeare Company
The first recorded performance is noted in the Revels Accounts at court on 1 November 1611. It would have been unusual to risk a play's first ever ...
[5]
The Tempest: Critical Introduction :: Internet Shakespeare Editions
His plays were printed in quarto editions throughout his lifetime; and in 1623, seven years after he died, The Tempest was published as the first play in a ...
[6]
Summary of The Tempest | Shakespeare Birthplace Trust
Prospero uses magic to conjure a storm and torment the survivors of a shipwreck, including the King of Naples and Prospero's treacherous brother, Antonio.
[7]
The Tempest | Folger Shakespeare Library
Putting romance onstage, The Tempest gives us a magician, Prospero, a former duke of Milan who was displaced by his treacherous brother, Antonio.<|control11|><|separator|>
[8]
Shakespeare's Sources for The Tempest
Jan 21, 2022 · Since in all but one or two cases definite sources for his plots have been found, the likelihood is that he did not invent this one.
[9]
The Tempest On Screen - BFI Screenonline
Film and TV adaptations of Shakespeare's last solo masterpiece. Main image of The Tempest On Screen. First performed in 1611 and published in the First ...
[10]
The Tempest (Short 1908) - IMDb
Rating 5.7/10 (329) This version of Shakespeare's classic is actually the very first adaptation of "The Tempest" to film, and was the second work by writer Langford Reed, who ...
[11]
Tempest (1928) - IMDb
Rating 6.7/10 (585) TEMPEST was the penultimate silent movie made by John Barrymore (ETERNAL LOVE directed by Ernst Lubitsch would be the last). The setting is not Shakespeare ...
[12]
Tempest (1928) A Silent Film Review
Jun 15, 2013 · Tempest was John Barrymore's second-to-last silent film and he really pulls out all the stops. This movie has absolutely everything in it that ...<|separator|>
[13]
The Tempest (1979) - IMDb
Rating 6.3/10 (1,351) The 1979 drama/fantasy film, 'The Tempest', is about a banished duke seeking revenge with his spirit-servant, Ariel. It is 1h 35m long.
[14]
Tempest (1982) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (2,935) Unhappy middle-aged architect Philip Dimitrius leaves his wife Antonia and career for a spiritual awakening on a Greek island with his new girlfriend Aretha and ...
[15]
Prospero's Books (1991) - IMDb
Rating 6.8/10 (6,967) John Gielgud, Isabelle Pasco, Mark Rylance, and Michael Clark in Prospero's Books (1991). The magician Prospero attempts to stop his daughter's affair with an ...
[16]
The Tempest (2010) - IMDb
Rating 5.3/10 (8,424) Shakespeare's epic play is translated from page to screen, with the gender of the main character, Prospero, changed from male to female.Shakespeare's epic ...
[17]
Prospero's Books movie review (1991) - Roger Ebert
Rating 3/4 · Review by Roger EbertProspero, once duke of Milan, has been tossed by a storm onto a lost island, along with his daughter, Miranda, various crew members and such resident sprites ...
[18]
The Tempest - Maurice Evans - Richard Burton - 1960 - YouTube
May 31, 2024 · Shakespeare Network Educational Programme - SN Audio-Visual Archives - Newly Restored 2024 - Maurice Evans as Prospero & Richard Burton as ...
[19]
The Tempest (1963 film) - Wikipedia
The Tempest is an Australian television play, an adaptation of the play by William Shakespeare. Directed by Alan Burke, it stars Reg Livermore.
[20]
Watch BBC Shakespeare: The Tempest | Prime Video - Amazon.com
BBC presents the classic play by William Shakespeare. Michael Hordern and Derek Godfrey star. Exiled, Prospero lives on a desolate island with his daughter, ...
[21]
Stratford Festival | The Tempest | Season 1 - PBS
Aug 18, 2024 · Academy Award-winning actor Christopher Plummer stars as Prospero in The Tempest. 08/18/2024 | Expires 07/07/2027 | Rating TV-PG. Sign ...
[22]
The Tempest, Z.631 (Purcell, Henry) - IMSLP
The Tempest, Z.631 (Purcell, Henry) ; 5 acts, 17 numbers · 1695 ca. · Incidental music; Theatrical Works; For 4 voices, mixed chorus, orchestra; [9 more...] ...Performances · Sheet Music · Scores
[23]
The Tempest, or, The Enchanted Island, semi-opera, Z. 631 - AllMusic
Composition: Henry Purcell. The Tempest, or, The Enchanted Island, semi-opera, Z. 631. AllMusic Featured Composition. Noteworthy. Essential. Genre.
[24]
[PDF] An Analysis of Tchaikovsky's 'The Tempest' - Liberty University
Apr 29, 2024 · ... Tchaikovsky to base the work on.32 Tchaikovsky wrote this orchestral fantasia over the year of 1873, taking time to work out each detail. He ...
[25]
The Tempest, Op.18 (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr) - IMSLP
The Tempest, Op.18 (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr) ; 1873, rev.1888 · Fantasias; For orchestra; Scores featuring the orchestra; [8 more...] ...Missing: symphonic | Show results with:symphonic
[26]
The Tempest – hsk-sbs-prd - sibelius.fi
The first public performance took place in Copenhagen on 15th March 1926, and the music of the play was considered particularly successful. “Shakespeare and ...
[27]
Jean Sibelius (1892–1957) - Naxos Records
... incidental music to Shakespeare's play The Tempest (1925). The actor Johannes Poulsen was regarded as one of the foremost Danish theatre producers, greatly ...
[28]
The Tempest - from Thomas Adès - Opera Guide
Opera in three acts. Libretto. Meredith Oakes, after Shakespeare. Premiere. 10 February 2004, London (Royal Opera House Covent Garden). Cast.
[29]
GP at the Met: Tempest | About the Opera | Great Performances - PBS
British composer Thomas Adès conducts the Met premiere of his contemporary masterpieceThe Tempest, an English-language opera based on Shakespeare's final play.
[30]
Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 17 “The Tempest”, Op. 31/2 - YouTube
Mar 16, 2024 · Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 17 “The Tempest”, Op. 31/2 | Kit Armstrong, piano. 109K views · 1 year ago PLENARSAAL ...more. DW Classical Music.
[31]
Tempest | The Official Bob Dylan Site
1. Duquesne Whistle · 2. Soon After Midnight · 3. Narrow Way · 4. Long and Wasted Years · 5. Pay in Blood · 6. Scarlet Town · 7. Early Roman Kings · 8. Tin Angel ...
[32]
10.6 Artistic Depictions of The Tempest (1610-1611) by William ...
This picture depicts Ariel, the magical spirit in Shakespeare's play The Tempest. It was first exhibited accompanied by lines from Ariel's last song.
[33]
Paintings of William Shakespeare's Plays 3: The Tempest
Jul 4, 2022 · William Hamilton (1751–1801), Prospero and Ariel (from Shakespeare's "The Tempest") (1797), oil on canvas, 81 x 57.5 cm, Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany.
[34]
Ferdinand courting Miranda (from William Shakespeare's The ...
Oil painting on canvas, Ferdinand courting Miranda (from William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act I scene ii) by William Hogarth (London 1697 - London 1764) ...
[35]
Masterpiece Story: Miranda by John William Waterhouse
Oct 20, 2024 · The subject of this eerie painting by John William Waterhouse is Miranda, a character from William Shakespeare's The Tempest.Missing: famous | Show results with:famous
[36]
Miranda (from "The Tempest") | Smithsonian American Art Museum
George Henry Hall depicted the only female character from Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Shipwrecked on an island with her father, the sorcerer Prospero.Missing: depictions illustrations
[37]
The Tempest, Act I, Sc. I, The Shipwreck - NICE Paintings - VADS
Pictures Painted for Mr. Macklin by the Artists of Britain, Thomas Macklin's Poet's Gallery, Fleet St., London, UK, 1793. Notes, De Loutherbourg ...Missing: depictions illustrations
[38]
Samuel Middiman - The Tempest, Act I: Ferdinand and Miranda
Artwork Details · Title: The Tempest, Act I: Ferdinand and Miranda · Engraver: Samuel Middiman (British, 1751–1831 London) · Artist: After Giovanni Battista ...
[39]
https://www.mobygames.com/game/23846/tempest/
[40]
Tempest (1981) - MobyGames
Sep 2, 2006 · Tempest is a shooter using wire-frame graphics. Each Wireway is taken on in turn, and has a network of lines guiding the movement paths of both yourself and ...
[41]
Tempest — StrategyWiki | Strategy guide and game reference wiki
Jan 20, 2024 · Tempest was an arcade game developed by Atari and released in 1980. It was the first game to make use of Atari's Color-Quadrascan technology ...
[42]
Atari's Neglected & Forgotten Sequel to Tempest - EarlyGame
Aug 29, 2025 · Initially set out as a first-person remake of Space Invaders (1978), Dave Theurer's Tempest would end up becoming one of the first video games ...
[43]
Tempest - AtariProtos.com
Tempest is a pseudo 3-D game in which the player moves along the outside of a series of interconnected tubes while enemies approach from the center of the ...
[44]
Tempest - Encyclopedia Gamia Archive Wiki - Fandom
A PC port of the game was released for Microsoft Windows 3.x as part of the Microsoft Arcade package. The game had two sequels, Tempest 2000, for Atari ...
[45]
Tempest 2000 (1994) - MobyGames
Tempest 2000 is a remake/upgrade of the popular Atari vector graphics-based shooter. Blast your way through over 100+ levels.
[46]
Tempest 2000 (Atari Jaguar, 1994) for sale online - eBay
In stock Rating 4.9 (13) Product Information. The classic is back! Tempest 2000 explodes on your Atari Jaguar with the 64-bit madness that only Llamasoft can deliver.
[47]
https://store.steampowered.com/app/688140/Tempest_4000/
[48]
Tempest 4000 on Steam
Rating 3.0 (153) Tempest 4000 is a visually stunning, action-packed tube shooter based on the classic hit arcade game, Tempest.
[49]
Tempest 4000 Reviews - Metacritic
Rating 75% (16) Summary Tempest 4000 is an action-packed tube shooter based on the classic hit arcade game, Tempest. Rated E for Everyone. Platforms: PC; PlayStation 4; Xbox ...
[50]
Shakespeare's The Tempest 1974 - Internet Archive
Jun 1, 2021 · This is a 1974 BBC Radio 3 adaptation of Shakespeare's The Tempest, produced by Ian Cotterell, starring Paul Scofield as Prospero and Patrick ...
[51]
The Tempest by William Shakespeare - BBC Radio - Early 1960's?
Jan 14, 2023 · Rare recording from BBC Radio from 1964. Prospero: Sir Michael Redgrave Caliban: Hugh Griffith Ariel: Vanessa Redgrave Miranda: Anna Massey ...
[52]
Tempest, The · Shakespeare - Learning on Screen
Synopsis: Radio adaptation by Jeremy Mortimer. David Warner is Prospero, with Carl Prekopp as Ariel, Rose Leslie as Miranda and Don Warrington as Gonzalo.
[53]
Shakespeare's The Tempest - BBC Radio 3
A performance of Shakespeare's play of magic, romance and revenge, broadcast as part of the Shakespeare Unlocked season.
[54]
The Tempest - Graphic Novel (Paperback) - Classical Comics
In stockShakespeare's The Tempest as a full-colour graphic novel available in three text versions. Simply choose the one that's right for you.
[55]
Manga Shakespeare: The Tempest - SelfMadeHero
Feb 10, 2017 · A fusion of the original Shakespeare with manga visuals, this is a cutting-edge adaptation set after the energy crisis of the 21st century.
[56]
https://www.audiobooks.com/audiobook/tempest-a-bbc-radio-shakespeare-production/350748
[57]
https://www.audible.com/pd/The-Tempest-Audiobook/B002VAEJZO
[58]
https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=565
[59]
Hawker Tempest Single-Seat Fighter-Bomber / Interceptor Aircraft
Page details technical specifications, development, and operational history of the Hawker Tempest Single-Seat Fighter-Bomber / Interceptor Aircraft ...
[60]
Hawker Typhoon, Tempest, & Sea Fury - AirVectors
May 1, 2025 · The specification called for an armament of twelve 7.7-millimeter (0.303-caliber) Browning machine guns, or preferably four 20-millimeter cannon ...
[61]
[PDF] ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 45
The Hispano Mk V could lay claim to being the best aircraft gun of the war, but, in the main, it only saw action in the Hawker Tempest. What became the ...
[62]
Tempest Fighter - World War II Database
Tempest ; Weight, Empty, 4,195 kg ; Weight, Loaded, 5,176 kg ; Weight, Maximum, 6,190 kg ; Speed, Maximum, 700 km/h ; Rate of Climb, 23.90 m/s.
[63]
Hawker Tempest - fighter-bomber - Aviastar.org
The Tempest V first entered RAF service in April 1944, and was the only version to be used operationally during World War II.
[64]
What Did Fighter Command Do After The Battle Of Britain? | IWM
Tempest Mark V EJ743 on a test flight The Hawker Tempest Mk V was Fighter Command's fastest piston-engined aircraft at low and medium altitudes, which made it ...
[65]
Hawker Tempest > WW2 Weapons
By the end of the offensive the Tempest pilots reported having destroyed about 800 V-1 (other source: 638). In total all RAF interceptors had downed 1,771 ...
[66]
World War 2 - The Hawker Tempest Page
Apr 2, 2014 · Between them, the 2nd TAF squadrons had accounted for 240 enemy aircraft destroyed in air combat, plus thirteen probably destroyed. Sources:
[67]
240 kills: Why the Hawker Tempest V was a dangerous opponent
Oct 27, 2022 · As for those elusive jets, Tempest pilots were officially credited with seven Me 262s, three Ar 234s plus one (unidentified) He 162 destroyed.
[68]
Mark V - The Hawker Tempest Page
Mar 18, 2014 · Numbers built: 801. Sources: Hawker Tempest (4+ Publication) Typhoon/Tempest in action (Squadron/Signal Publications No 102) The Typhoon ...
[69]
[PDF] TEMPEST: A Signal Problem - National Security Agency
During World. War II, the backbone systems for Army and Navy secure teletypewriter communications were one-time tapes and the primitive crypto-equipment SIGTOT.
[70]
Declassified NSA Document Reveals the Secret History of TEMPEST
Apr 29, 2008 · It was a top secret encrypted teletype terminal used by the Army and Navy to transmit wartime communications that could defy German and Japanese ...
[71]
The Importance of Tempest Standards - The Cipher Brief
Dec 7, 2021 · By 1958, a set of standards–the first true TEMPEST standards–had been published. These built on what we now call the RED/BLACK concept, ...Missing: WWII | Show results with:WWII
[72]
TEMPEST Attacks: A Technical Guide to Digital Security Risks
TEMPEST originated during the Cold War era as a U.S. government program focused on protecting sensitive communications from electromagnetic emissions ...
[73]
[PDF] nsa-tempest-history.pdf - Cyberwar.nl
This document was the first attempt to establish some specific responsibilities among various agencies of. Government with respect to TEMPEST, and to layout an ...
[74]
Global Combat Air Programme - BAE Systems
The Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) is a truly international endeavour that will see the United Kingdom (UK), Italy and Japan work together ...
[75]
What is the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP)?
Nov 14, 2024 · The Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), established in 2022, is an international partnership between the UK, Japan and Italy which will design, manufacture, ...
[76]
Tempest fighter jet project: HQ opens in Reading - BBC
Jul 8, 2025 · It is hoped the new fighter aircraft will be ready by 2035. The headquarters of a new international fighter jet project have opened in Reading.
[77]
Tempest Reaches Important Milestone: Progress Review
Jul 17, 2025 · A major development is the establishment of the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) headquarters in Reading, Berkshire, in the South East of ...
[78]
UK Unveils Next-Gen Tempest Combat Air Demonstrator for GCAP ...
Jul 23, 2025 · GCAP is a UK/Italy/Japan initiative aiming to deploy a new combat jet (known as Tempest in the UK) by the mid-2030s. Key design features of the ...
[79]
Chances of partner joining UK-Italian-Japanese fighter jet project ...
Jul 15, 2025 · The British-Italian-Japanese project, called Global Combat Air Programme, was announced in 2022 before a joint venture was formally launched in ...
[80]
UK Ready to Allow Germany to Join Sixth-Generation Tempest ...
Sep 28, 2025 · Tempest is the United Kingdom's program to develop a sixth‑generation fighter intended to replace the Eurofighter Typhoon in the British Air ...
[81]
Team Tempest | Royal Air Force
The Tempest aircraft will deploy new, game-changing technology and is set to join the RAF fleet from 2035, replacing the capability provided by Typhoon. Explore ...Tempest · Stealth fighter jet · Fighter jet component... · The tech
[82]
HMS Tempest (N 86) of the Royal Navy - Allied Warships of WWII
On 13 February 1942, HMS Tempest (Lt.Cdr. William Alexander Keith Napier Cavaye, RN) was forced to the surface by depth charges the Italian torpedo boat Circe.
[83]
Loss of HM S/M Tempest, 13 Feb 1942 - The Crusader Project
Feb 13, 2020 · Torpedo Boat Circe, after 1941. Marina Militare Photo Archive. HMS Tempest. HMS/M Tempest (N86) in 1941. IWM FL19786.
[84]
Tempest III (PC-2) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Sep 25, 2015 · The third U.S. Navy ship named Tempest. The first Tempest, a side wheel steamer, served briefly in 1865. The second, a shallow-draft, single- ...
[85]
NATO Tempest Equipment Selection Process
SECAN Doctrine and Information Publication (SDIP) – 27/3, NATO TEMPEST Requirements and Evaluation Procedures, dated 24 November 2024. e. SECAN Doctrine and ...
[86]
Protecting Data at Risk of Unintentional Electromagnetic Emanation
Jun 3, 2024 · This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation. Keywords: TEMPEST; ...
[87]
What is Emission Security (EMSEC)? - Twingate
Oct 16, 2024 · Emission Security (EMSEC) involves measures to prevent unauthorized interception of electromagnetic emissions from IT equipment processing classified data.<|separator|>
[88]
TEMPEST - Glossary | CSRC
A name referring to the investigation, study, and control of unintentional compromising emanations from telecommunications and automated information systems ...
[89]
What Is TEMPEST? | Cybersecurity RF & Electromagnetic Shielding
Apr 7, 2022 · It is a U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) specification for protecting against data theft through the interception of electromagnetic ...Missing: cryptography | Show results with:cryptography
[90]
TEMPEST Classification Levels Explained | MAJR Products
TEMPEST was originally developed during the Cold War and acted as a response to the increasing threat of espionage and electronic eavesdropping. At the time ...
[91]
TEMPEST and Electromagnetic Security - NCSC.GOV.UK
TEMPEST and EMS services help you understand how vulnerable your ICT system is to unintentionally emitting classified information and helps you ensure that ...
[92]
What is TEMPEST? Understanding Secure Communications and ...
Mar 19, 2025 · TEMPEST is not an acronym but rather a codename used by the US government to refer to the study and mitigation of unintentional intelligence-bearing signals.Missing: development | Show results with:development
[93]
https://primarywave.com/writer/joey-tempest/
[94]
JOEY TEMPEST - Primary Wave Music
Joey Tempest was born in Stockholm, Sweden, August 19, 1963. Tempest is a vocalist and main songwriter of the band Europe and has penned such hits as “The ...
[95]
Joey Tempest - Wind Repertory Project
Sep 15, 2024 · Biography. Joey Tempest is the pseudonym of composer and rock singer Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson (b. 19 August 1963, Stockholm, Sweden).
[96]
Kae Tempest - High Profiles
Nov 29, 2016 · Biography. Kae Tempest was born Kate Calvert in 1985 in south-east London, where they were educated at Thomas Tallis School in Greenwich ...
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Kae Tempest - Pan Macmillan
Kae Tempest is a poet. They are also a writer, a lyricist, a performer and a recording artist. They have published plays, poems, a novel, a book-length essay, ...
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Sir John Tempest Knight & Sheriff of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
He held the offices of High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1439 and 1458, and of Lincolnshire, 1456. He appealed in 1455 against serving for Lincolnshire, and in 1462, ...
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Tempest History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Early Notables of the Tempest family · Robert Tempest, English High Sheriff of Durham from 1558-1562 · Sir Thomas Tempest KT. · Pierce Tempest (1653-1717), English ...
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Tempest - DC CONTINUITY PROJECT
Tempest, originally Garth, is an Atlantean magical adept who becomes an advanced sorcerer after studying with Atlan. He was also Aqualad and a Teen Titan.
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Tempest | Young Justice Wiki | Fandom
Tempest, real name Garth, is an Atlantean, former member of the Team, and UN ambassador for Atlantis. He is Aqualad's best friend and studied sorcery.Missing: fictional characters
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Tempest (disambiguation) | DC Database - Fandom
Tempest is a name used by several different and unrelated characters in the DC Universe. It was originally used by Joshua Clay, a Vietnam War veteran with ...Missing: fictional | Show results with:fictional
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Pontiac Tempest - The Crittenden Automotive Library
The Pontiac Tempest is an automobile that was produced by Pontiac from 1961 to 1970 and again from 1987 to 1991.<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Pontiac Temptest Was A Revolutionary Compact Sedan In The ...
Sep 7, 2025 · Quick Facts About The Pontiac Tempest · Introduced in 1961 · Featured a standard four-cylinder engine · Built on the then-new GM Y-Platform ...
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1961-1963 Pontiac Tempest - Auto | HowStuffWorks
In 1960, Pontiac introduced the Tempest, the newest in compact cars and it took everyone for a ride.The Success of the 1961... · Pontiac Tempest · The 1963 Pontiac Tempest...
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Magnificent Kludge: The 'Rope-Drive' 1961–1963 Pontiac Tempest
Dec 25, 2022 · The origins and history of the short-lived, peculiar "rope-drive" Pontiac Tempest compact, which featured a front engine and rear transaxle.
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Pontiac Tempest - Ultimate Guide & Research Hub - Supercars.net
The Pontiac Tempest, introduced by General Motors in 1960 and produced until 1970, stands as a significant figure in the history of American cars.
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5 Pontiacs You Might Not Know Were Rebadged From Other Brands
Sep 27, 2025 · The revived Tempest was never sold in the U.S., but it was available in Canada from 1987 until 1991, when Pontiac again discontinued the lineup ...
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1987 -1991 Pontiac Tempest: Another Squandered GM Legacy?
Jul 20, 2025 · The Tempest was built alongside the Corsica at factories in New Jersey and Delaware. In addition to the Canadian market, the Tempest was ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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H.M.S. Tempest (1917) - The Dreadnought Project
Feb 14, 2022 · H.M.S. Tempest was one of sixty-two "R" class destroyers completed for the Royal Navy in 1916-17. Contents.Missing: named | Show results with:named<|separator|>
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HMS TEMPEST - The Submarine Family
HMS TEMPEST (Lt Cdr W A K N Cavaye) sailed from Malta on 10 January 1942 on her first Mediterranean patrol. She was in an area adjacent to HMS UNA when UNA ...
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Tempest I - Naval History and Heritage Command
Sep 25, 2015 · Tempest, a wooden-hulled, sidewheel steamer built in 1862 at Louisville, Ky., was acquired by the Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on 30 December 1864.Missing: vessels | Show results with:vessels
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Tempest WS - BOAT International
Tempest WS is a 32m motor yacht built in France in 1963, with a top speed of 21 knots, 8 guest capacity, and 5 crew. It has a 1100 nm range.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Hawker Tempest V - RAF Museum
The Tempest was one of the most powerful high performance fighters to see operational service in World War Two and extended the boundaries of piston-engined ...
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Hawker Tempest - Heritage Page
Jan 1, 2000 · The second major variant was the Hawker Tempest II, powered by the Bristol Centaurus IV engine. ... Hawker Tempest V under production at Langley.Missing: WWII | Show results with:WWII
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Hawker Tempest - Classic Warbirds
The last production version was the Hawker Tempest Mk F.VI powered by the 2,340-hp Napier Sabre V engine, which had originally been fitted to the Tempest Mk V ...
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Back In The Air: What Was The Hawker Tempest? - Simple Flying
Oct 21, 2023 · The Tempest was used to intercept V-1 flying bombs. Upon entering service in 1944, the Hawker Tempest was one of the RAF's fastest aircraft.
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The future of combat air - BAE Systems
Tempest is the UK's future combat aircraft that will be delivered through the Global Combat Air Programme with sixth-generation capabilities to be one of the ...Missing: modern | Show results with:modern<|separator|>
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Tempest Future Fighter Aims For “Really Extreme Range,” Twice F ...
Apr 28, 2025 · The UK Royal Air Force officer in charge of defining requirements for the Tempest future fighter says the program's top priority is a large payload.
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UK's pioneering combat air demonstrator revealed - BAE Systems
Jul 17, 2025 · The piloted supersonic aircraft is the first of its kind to be developed in the UK in 40 years. The aircraft's main structure, wings and tail fins are all ...
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Lexmoto Tempest 125 | LJ125-V
In stockA modern scrambler with retro flair, the Tempest offers both style and substance. With a strong engine, comfortable suspension, and classic styling.<|control11|><|separator|>
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used bike bargain? The AJS Tempest Roadster 125 review - YouTube
Oct 4, 2024 · used bike bargain? The AJS Tempest Roadster 125 review. With very few miles and a price tag of just £2299 does it qualify as a used bike ...Missing: tank | Show results with:tank
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Any thoughts on new Lexmoto Tempest? Coudn't find much ... - Reddit
Jul 22, 2022 · Lexmoto are Cheap Bikes. That doesn't mean they're Shit Bikes. They're almost all licensed-copies of the little bikes that Jap Brands built their 'reputation' ...
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About Tempest Therapeutics
Tempest Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing small molecule therapeutics to treat cancer through mechanisms that directly kill ...Missing: named | Show results with:named<|separator|>
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Tempest Therapeutics 2025 Company Profile - PitchBook
Tempest Therapeutics was founded in 2011. Where is Tempest Therapeutics headquartered? Tempest Therapeutics is headquartered in Brisbane, CA. What is the size ...
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Learn More About WeatherFlow-Tempest
Who we are: A revolutionary tech company specializing in weather data and decision support tools to help businesses and consumers.
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WeatherFlow-Tempest Secures $3 Million in Growth Capital to ...
Dec 3, 2024 · "We are thrilled to have partnered with WindSail Capital for the next stage of our journey," said Buck Lyons, CEO and co-founder of WeatherFlow- ...
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About Tempest
Michael has held advisory and executive positions at top tech companies, including Alibaba, Softonic, DeleteMe, Docker, Say Media and Revel Systems. He has also ...
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Tempest Launches Premier Private Search and Browser to ...
Founded in 2019 by entrepreneurs Michael Levit and Sean Murphy, Tempest has built a portfolio of privacy products including a Tempest Search and Tempest Browser ...<|separator|>
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Laila Alawa - Forbes
Cofounded in 2016 by Syrian-American Alawa, the Tempest elevates the voices of women around the world. Based on a foundation of multiculturalism and diverse ...
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Tempest Collective (TC) - InfluenceWatch
Tempest Collective (TC) is a radical-leaning activist group based in the United States. 1 It claims to be dedicated to “revolutionary socialism from below”Missing: named | Show results with:named
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About - Tempest Collective
The Tempest Collective is an organizing and educational project. Our goal is to put forward a revolutionary vision that is clear and understandable.Missing: named | Show results with:named
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The Tempest - AMERICAN HERITAGE
She was the flagship of a fleet of nine vessels—perhaps the largest colonizing flotilla ever assembled; she and six other vessels of the fleet sailed from ...
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Further Reading: The Tempest | Folger Shakespeare Library
The Tempest, most often cited as containing the essence of Shakespeare's kind and compassionate vision, contains instead the disillusionment and bitterness of ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
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Prelude to the Warsaw Uprising: Operation Tempest | New Orleans
Aug 23, 2021 · Operation Tempest was a Polish Home Army plan for a series of uprisings in Poland, drafted by Stefan Rowecki, to secure cities before the ...
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tempest, n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary
1.a. c1250– A violent storm of wind, usually accompanied by a downfall of rain, hail, or snow, or by thunder.