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Marcos

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino and who served as the tenth from December 30, 1965, until February 25, 1986. Initially elected in a competitive race against incumbent , Marcos won reelection in 1969 before declaring on September 21, 1972, via , which he justified as necessary to counter communist insurgencies, Muslim separatist threats, and domestic disorder. Under this regime, his administration centralized power, enabling rapid expansion—including roads, bridges, systems, and agricultural reforms that achieved rice self-sufficiency by 1970—and initial averaging around 5 percent annually in the 1970s, alongside suppression of urban crime and leftist rebellions. However, these efforts were overshadowed by systemic , where allies controlled key industries, and that courts later estimated diverted $5–10 billion in public assets to Marcos and his associates through , fraudulent contracts, and overseas transfers. The period also saw documented violations, including over 70,000 arbitrary arrests, thousands of cases of , and enforced disappearances by and units targeting perceived opponents. Marcos's rule ended amid allegations during the 1986 , leading to the nonviolent that forced his exile to , where he died amid ongoing legal probes into his wealth.

Politics

Marcos family of the Philippines

The constitutes a prominent political dynasty in the , exerting influence across generations in national governance. Ferdinand Marcos Sr. led the family to power as from December 30, 1965, to February 25, 1986, during which infrastructure initiatives expanded public facilities, including the complex and the connecting and islands. The administration pursued export-oriented policies that supported in the 1970s, though external factors like oil shocks and internal debt accumulation contributed to later stagnation. Ferdinand Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) declared on September 21, 1972, via Proclamation 1081, justifying it as a response to escalating communist insurgencies by groups like the and perceived threats to from bombings and unrest. This measure centralized authority, enabling infrastructure acceleration, such as highway networks and power plants, amid claims of curbing . The family's emphasized , with Marcos Sr. re-elected in 1969 under contested conditions. Imelda Romualdez Marcos (born July 2, 1929), as from 1965 to 1986, championed cultural promotion through institutions like the Cultural Center and welfare efforts including beautification drives and assistance for disaster victims. Following the 1986 ouster via the , the family entered U.S. exile, returning in 1991 when Imelda was permitted entry by President to face graft charges, which the Marcoses have portrayed as vendettas by political opponents. Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr. (born September 13, 1957), son of Ferdinand Sr., assumed the presidency on June 30, 2022, after winning the 2022 election. His term has featured heightened assertiveness in territorial disputes, including public rebukes of Chinese actions at ASEAN-U.S. summits and expanded defense pacts with the , , and from 2023 to 2025. Policies prioritize infrastructure via the "" agenda and ASEAN multilateralism, aiming to balance regional tensions with as of October 2025. Imee Marcos (born November 12, 1955), daughter of Ferdinand Sr. and Imelda, has held the position of senator since June 30, 2019, advocating on issues like and foreign relations within the family-influenced political landscape. The dynasty's rehabilitation post-exile involved electoral successes in and national roles, sustaining influence despite historical divisions.

Other politicians and public figures

Marcos de Quinto Romero, born in on August 26, 1958, entered Spanish politics as a candidate for the center-right Ciudadanos party, serving as the number two on its list for the in the April 2019 general elections. Prior to his political involvement, de Quinto built a career in multinational consumer goods, rising to executive vice president and global at from 2014 to 2017, after joining in 1982 and leading its Iberian operations. He left Ciudadanos in May 2020 amid disagreements over the party's decisions, relinquishing his parliamentary seat after roughly one year in office. Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (1914–2001) ruled as from 1952 until his ouster in a military coup on , 1958, following participation in earlier coups in and that installed military juntas. His regime, characterized by authoritarian control, anti-communist purges, and suppression of dissent, nonetheless oversaw significant infrastructure expansion funded by rising oil revenues, including the construction of ' extensive highway system, office towers, and projects that contributed to urban modernization. Pérez Jiménez negotiated favorable 50/50 profit-sharing contracts with foreign oil firms, bolstering national income but also enabling personal enrichment and corruption allegations; he fled to exile in the United States and after the uprising, dying in at age 87. While his developments spurred in the 1950s, the lack of democratic institutions fueled widespread opposition, culminating in his regime's collapse despite initial U.S. support for its stability.

Sports

Association football

Marcos Alonso Mendoza, born December 28, 1990, in , , is a professional defender known for his versatility as a left-back or centre-back. He began his senior career with from 2008 to 2010 before moving to Wanderers in 2010, where he made 50 appearances. Subsequent loans and transfers included Fiorentina from 2013 to 2016 and a stint at in 2014. Joining in 2016, Alonso contributed significantly to their 2020–21 victory, starting in key matches including the final against Manchester City on , 2021. He later played for from 2022 to 2024, accumulating 34 goals and 23 assists across 304 top-five league appearances, before transferring to Celta in 2024. For , Alonso earned caps, though limited by competition in the position. Marcos Acuña, born October 28, 1991, in Buenos Aires, , operates primarily as a left-back and has been a mainstay at since 2019, where he won the . Earlier career stops included , Gimnasia La Plata, and Sporting CP from 2014 to 2019. With , Acuña featured in 70+ international matches, starting four games en route to the title, including the final against on December 18, 2022. He also secured wins in 2021 and 2024, demonstrating defensive solidity with 5 goals and contributions in high-stakes tournaments. In club play, Acuña has recorded goals and assists while maintaining low concession rates, as evidenced by his 2024–25 Primera División stats showing participation in 23 matches for 1,806 minutes. Marcos Llorente Moreno, born January 30, 1995, in Madrid, Spain, is a versatile midfielder or right-back currently with Atlético Madrid since 2019, following youth stints at Real Madrid and a loan at Alavés. In La Liga with Atlético, he has amassed 24 goals and 28 assists over 196 appearances as of 2025, showcasing adaptability across positions with strong aerial and pressing metrics. Llorente debuted for Spain in 2019, earning 20 caps without goals by 2025, often deployed in midfield roles. His career totals exceed 437 club matches with 39 goals and 44 assists, highlighting endurance in top-tier competitions like La Liga and UEFA events.

Tennis and other individual sports

Marcos Baghdatis (born June 17, 1985) is a retired professional player who attained a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 8 on August 21, 2006. He compiled a 349–274 win-loss record on the and secured four singles titles, earning $8,918,917 in prize money. Baghdatis reached the final of the 2006 , where he lost to in four sets after defeating top seed and en route. As a junior, he won the 2003 boys' singles title and finished runner-up at the US Open juniors that year. Baghdatis represented in the , contributing to multiple ties with his aggressive baseline game and serve. Marcos Giron (born July 24, 1993) is an active American professional tennis player with a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 37 achieved on August 5, 2024. At UCLA, Giron captured the 2014 NCAA Division I singles championship, defeating Pepperdine's Alex Sarkissian 6–4, 6–1 in the final and posting a 30–5 overall singles record that season. Turning professional thereafter, he reached his first ATP Tour final at the 2024 Dallas Open, falling to Tommy Paul 7–6(3), 5–7, 6–3 in the championship match. Later that year, Giron claimed his maiden ATP title at the Hall of Fame Open in Newport, Rhode Island, overcoming Alex Michelsen 6–7(4), 6–3, 7–5 in the final while converting 82 percent of first-serve points and striking 41 winners. Marcos Daniel (born July 4, 1978) is a retired professional player who peaked at a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 56 on September 14, 2009. Competing primarily on clay courts, Daniel recorded a 24–66 win-loss mark on the with no main-draw titles but achieved success at the level, including multiple victories that bolstered his top-100 push. He earned $1,177,189 in career prize money and represented in competitions.

Team sports and coaching

Marcos Milinkovic, born December 22, 1971, in , , is a former professional player who competed as an opposite hitter for the Argentine men's national team from 1992 to 2009. He participated in three , finishing ninth in 1996, fifth in 2000, and ninth in 2004, while earning recognition as the tournament's best scorer at the 2000 Olympics with 150 points. Milinkovic also contributed to 's at the and bronze at the 2003 edition, alongside a bronze at the 1982 FIVB World Championship during his early career involvement. His national team tenure included captaining the side and being named of the 2002 FIVB Men's World Championship, where secured fourth place, highlighting his scoring prowess with career-high averages exceeding 20 points per match in key tournaments. In , Marcos Delia, born April 8, 1992, in , stands at 209 cm (6'10") and plays as a center for Argentine professional leagues, including and Bahía Basket. Representing internationally, Delia debuted with the senior national team at the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship, averaging 4.3 points and 3.0 rebounds over seven games, and later competed in qualifiers for the 2019 FIBA World Cup. His club career features stints in the Liga Nacional de Básquet, where he posted career averages of approximately 8.5 points and 5.2 rebounds per game across seasons with from 2010 to 2015. Milinkovic transitioned to post-retirement, serving as for clubs such as Islas Pitiusas in 's Superliga Femenina 2, where he guided the team through promotional campaigns in the late . By , he focused on youth development, working with emerging players in after a two-year from senior benches, emphasizing technical skills and team dynamics drawn from his 17-year international playing experience. His record includes stints with Argentine Voley, achieving domestic league titles leveraging his expertise in offensive strategies.

Arts and entertainment

Film, television, and theater

Marcos A. Ferraez, born October 27, 1966, is an American actor recognized for portraying DEA Agent Joshua Estevez across multiple seasons of the FX series Sons of Anarchy from 2008 to 2014, a role that contributed to the show's acclaim for its gritty depiction of motorcycle club dynamics, earning the series a 91% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on critical consensus. He also appeared as a guest star in episodes of Criminal Minds in 2011 and Revenge in 2012, showcasing his versatility in procedural and drama genres. Marcos Hernández is a Mexican actor known for his supporting role in (2005), directed by , which premiered in competition at the and received polarized reviews for its explicit themes and slow pacing, holding a 67% Tomatometer score on from limited critics. Earlier, he featured in Reygadas' (2002), an indie drama exploring isolation in rural that garnered international arthouse attention but modest returns under $100,000 globally. Marcos Ruiz, born in 1999 in Madrid, Spain, debuted as a child actor in the family adventure film Zip & Zap and the Marble Gang (2013), which achieved commercial success in Spain with over 1 million admissions, praised for its engaging storytelling for young audiences. He later starred in The Laws of the Border (2021), a crime drama that premiered at the San Sebastián International Film Festival and earned positive reception for its authentic portrayal of 1970s Spanish youth subcultures, securing six Goya Award nominations including Best Film. In television, the character Marcos Santos appeared briefly on the ABC soap opera General Hospital in 2016, portrayed by Nick Gomez as a minor figure involved in plotlines surrounding criminal elements in Port Charles. The series, airing since , has maintained daytime Emmy recognition for its long-form storytelling, though Santos' arc lacked significant awards or fan acclaim.

Music and visual arts

(born May 19, 1962), a Mexican-American singer and pastor based in , , has released over 30 albums since the , specializing in Spanish-language worship music. His recordings, produced under CanZion Producciones, have achieved commercial success, with estimates of more than 10 million units sold globally through live concert albums and studio releases like Recordando Otra Vez (2003) and Viviré (2022). Witt has received six for Best Christian Album (Spanish Language), including wins for Sana Nuestra Tierra (2003), Recordando Otra Vez (2004), and Viviré (2022), alongside 10 nominations as of 2023. Marcos Valle (born September 14, 1943), a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and producer, is a key figure in bossa nova and MPB (Música Popular Brasileira), debuting with the album Samba 'Demais in 1964. His composition "Samba de Verão" (also known as "Summer Samba"), released that year, became an international standard covered by artists including Sergio Mendes on the 1966 album Herb Alpert Presents Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66, which reached number 5 on the Billboard 200. Valle's catalog spans genres from bossa nova to 1970s funk-influenced works like Marcos Valle (1970), with tracks such as "Mentira" sampled by Jay-Z, Kanye West, and others in hip-hop productions. In , Ávila Forero (born 1983), a Colombian-French contemporary artist working in , , and , explores themes of , , and through site-specific works involving natural elements like and . His exhibitions post-2000 include solo shows at the Grand Café Centre d'Art Contemporain in , (2018), featuring Les choses qui vibrent, and the Pori Art Museum in (2018), alongside group presentations at the (2017) and MACBA in . Ávila Forero's pieces, often process-based and immersive, have been acquired by institutions such as the in .

Business and manufacturing

Automobiles and engineering

Ltd., a manufacturer of sports cars, was established in 1959 by Jem Marsh and aeronautical engineer Frank Costin in , . The company name combines the initial syllables of their surnames, reflecting their collaborative focus on innovative, performance-oriented vehicles. Early designs pioneered the use of , leveraging Costin's expertise to achieve high torsional rigidity and minimal weight—typically under 1,500 pounds for road models—while prioritizing aerodynamic efficiency over conventional tubular frames. The debut production model, the Marcos GT introduced in 1964, featured rear-wheel drive with engines sourced from Triumph Herald (initially 1600 cc) and later Volvo B18 (for the 1800 GT variant producing around 115 horsepower). A kit car adaptation, the Mini Marcos launched in 1965, utilized the BMC Mini's mechanicals in a fibreglass-bodied sports coupe, enabling home assembly and yielding over 1,300 units across various marks through the 1970s. Racing efforts included a French-entered Mini Marcos finishing 15th overall—and the sole British finisher—at the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans, followed by factory prototype entries in 1967 (a 3-litre V6 GT) and 1968 (Mantis XP with Ford V8). By 1969, Marcos shifted to steel monocoque chassis for enhanced longevity and crash resistance, addressing wood's vulnerability to moisture. The , a mid-engined 2+2 debuted in 1971 with Essex V6 or V8 engines (up to 200 horsepower stock, 500 in supercharged GT form), exemplified Marcos's emphasis on and handling, with 51 base models and 16 supercharged variants produced before the company's 1976 . Cumulative factory-built output totaled around 300 units across GT and subsequent series prior to 2000, supplemented by kit and component sales that extended the brand's reach to enthusiasts seeking , track-capable machines. In June 2025, Marcos Motor Company—under new ownership and CEO—announced a revival with three development projects: continuation builds of classics like the GT, plus all-new road-legal and track-focused models prioritizing sub-2,500-pound curb weights, advanced composites, and pure driver dynamics without hybrid or electric mandates. Prototypes were reported in advanced testing stages, targeting production feasibility amid a for analog sports cars.

Military

Special forces units

The Marine Commando Force () of the , established on 26 February 1987, serves as the primary unit specializing in counter-terrorism, , and amphibious assaults. Initially formed in response to operational gaps identified during the 1987-1990 Indian intervention in (), the unit evolved from earlier reconnaissance efforts dating to 1985, drawing inspiration from the U.S. in doctrine and selection processes. With an estimated strength of around 1,000-1,200 personnel organized into squadrons, MARCOS operators undergo a rigorous 3-year training pipeline including sea, air, and land phases, achieving a pass rate below 10% and incorporating joint exercises with international partners like the SEALs for advanced tactics such as and . Key operations highlight MARCOS capabilities in high-threat environments; during the (Operation Black Tornado, 26-29 November), approximately 12-15 commandos neutralized terrorists at sites including the , contributing to the elimination of four attackers amid urban combat constraints. The unit has also conducted covert interdictions, such as anti-piracy missions in the since 2008 and during the 1999 conflict, emphasizing stealth insertions via mini-submersibles, combat diving gear like the Draeger LAR V , and specialized weapons including the HK MP5SD and Tavor TAR-21 rifles adapted for use. Effectiveness metrics, per declassified reports, underscore low casualty rates in engagements due to emphasis on intelligence-driven raids over direct assaults, though operational secrecy limits public data on total missions. No verified unit acronymed exists in the Philippine armed forces historical records, despite associations with the era (1965-1986) and its expansion of naval special warfare for anti-insurgency; Philippine marine elite elements, such as the Marine Special Operations Group (MARSOG), focus on similar amphibious roles but operate under distinct and post-1980s restructuring.

Geography

Settlements and regions

Marcos is a fifth-class landlocked in the of , in the of the northern . Established on June 22, 1963, by Republic Act No. 3753, it was carved from the adjacent of and named after , father of former President . The municipality covers an area of approximately 72.77 square kilometers and comprises 13 barangays. As of the 2020 national census conducted by the , Marcos had a of 18,010 residents, reflecting a of about 247 per square kilometer. This figure represents a modest increase from prior enumerations, consistent with rural demographic trends in the region. The local economy centers on , with and as principal crops; the municipal agriculture office delivers , including and inputs, to bolster farmer productivity and sustainability.

Science, education, and other uses

Scientific and academic figures

(born March 11, 1963) is a Brazilian aeronautical engineer and former astronaut selected by the Brazilian Space Agency in 1998, who became the first Brazilian citizen to reach orbit. He launched aboard TMA-10 on March 29, 2006, as a mission specialist for Expedition 13, docking with the and conducting microgravity experiments in , , and physics during a 9-day mission ending April 8, 2006. earned his aeronautical engineering degree from the , complementing his pilot training with expertise in systems applicable to space mission design and operations. Marcos Moshinsky (1921–2010) was a Mexican theoretical physicist whose primary contributions advanced algebraic methods in , including group-theoretical approaches to describe many-body systems, nuclear shell models, and the under position-dependent mass conditions. His research extended to via concepts like "sign " for matter structure in strong electromagnetic fields and hidden symmetries in quantum problems, influencing and particle theory. Moshinsky, who earned his PhD under , founded key Mexican physics institutions and was elected a fellow of the in 1990 for these foundational works. Marcos López de Prado is a at Cornell University's School of Engineering, focusing on quantitative through rigorous statistical and applications to overcome biases in financial , such as multiple testing in backtests and in predictive models. He holds a PhD in (2003) and a second PhD in (2011) from Universidad Complutense de , with post-2010 publications introducing methods like the Probabilistic and defenses against data snooping in strategies. His empirical contributions emphasize over correlational pitfalls, enabling more robust and risk assessment in high-dimensional financial datasets.

Miscellaneous

Marcos is a masculine primarily used in - and Portuguese-speaking cultures, derived from the Latin Marcus, which originates from the Mars and carries the meaning "warlike" or "dedicated to Mars." The name reflects ancient traditions, where Marcus denoted patrician lineage and martial connotations, later adapting through to forms like Marcos in Iberian contexts. In the United States, Marcos has maintained moderate popularity as a given name, ranking 482nd for male births in 2022 with approximately 0.033% usage, and an estimated total of 38,405 bearers as of recent census-derived data. Globally, it remains common in Latin American countries such as Guatemala (over 48,000 instances) and Colombia, underscoring its ties to Hispanic naming conventions without significant shifts in etymological usage over time.

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