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Mayes Middleton


Mayes Middleton is an businessman and serving as a member of the State Senate representing District 11 since January 2023.
A Galveston native, Middleton earned a and a from the ; he is married to Macy Middleton and has four children. As president and CEO of Middleton Oil Company, he oversees an independent oil and gas operation alongside ranching, cattle, and farming enterprises.
Middleton previously represented House District 23 from 2019 to 2022, during which he chaired the and ranked among the chamber's ten most conservative members. In the Senate, he holds positions on committees including Administration, Business & Commerce, Education, Jurisprudence, and State Affairs, while serving as vice chair of the Local Government Committee. In April 2025, he launched a campaign for , pledging to prioritize border security, taxpayer protection, and family defense in the 2026 primary.

Early life and education

Upbringing and family origins

David Mayes Middleton II, commonly known as Mayes Middleton, was born on September 18, 1981, in Wallisville, an unincorporated community in . He grew up in the family's historic home in Wallisville, originally built in 1905 by his great-grandparents, Archie Dave Middleton and Effie Mayes Middleton, reflecting the family's longstanding ties to the area. The Middleton family originates from early pioneer settlers in Chambers County, with involvement in ranching and land stewardship dating back generations; the family , passed down through , remains operational under Middleton's ownership today. His father, John Gregg Middleton (1941–2013), continued these traditions, while Middleton was named after his paternal uncle, David Mayes Middleton (1939–1982), son of his grandfather Randall Mayes Middleton (1906–1961) and Minnie Triphene Swindle Middleton. This lineage instilled an early exposure to , operations, and resource-based enterprises in southeast .

Academic and professional preparation

Middleton earned a degree in Plan II Honors, an interdisciplinary liberal arts program at the , along with a in finance from the same institution. These undergraduate degrees provided a foundation in , , and financial principles. He later received a from the University of Texas School of Law in Austin. Following his legal education, Middleton was admitted to the on November 7, 2008, with bar card number 24062410, listing his primary practice location in Galveston associated with Middleton Oil Company. This legal qualification equipped him with expertise in contracts, , and business law, relevant to energy sector operations. His academic and bar credentials aligned with subsequent roles in independent oil and gas management, though specific early legal practice details remain limited in .

Business career

Oil and gas industry involvement

Mayes Middleton serves as president and CEO of Middleton Oil Company, an independent oil and gas exploration and production firm operating primarily in and along the Gulf Coast. The company manages over 60 wells focused on upstream activities, including drilling and extraction from conventional reservoirs. Middleton's entry into the sector leverages his legal background, with the firm engaging in acquisition, royalty disputes, and operational oversight. In March 2025, he filed a against Escondido Resources Operating and in Webb County, seeking over $25 million in unpaid royalties from producing wells, highlighting active involvement in contractual and financial aspects of oil and gas assets. This case underscores the company's stake in Eagle Ford Shale plays, where Middleton holds working interests or overriding royalty interests. As of 2016, Middleton's leadership in the independent sector positioned the company as a smaller operator amid Texas's dominant energy landscape, emphasizing efficient production from legacy fields rather than large-scale shale fracking. His business success in oil and gas has been cited as a foundation for personal wealth, enabling self-funding in political campaigns through energy-derived revenues.

Expansion into agriculture and ranching

Middleton expanded his business activities beyond oil and gas by operating ranching, , and farming ventures in , diversifying into agricultural enterprises that involve management and crop production. These operations represent a strategic extension of his entrepreneurial efforts, leveraging Texas's vast rural landscapes for sustainable alongside extraction. Specific details on the scale, initiation timeline, or precise locations of these agricultural pursuits remain limited in , though they are consistently noted as ongoing components of his portfolio, underscoring a commitment to multiple facets of Texas's resource-based economy.

Entry into politics

Initial campaigns and motivations

Mayes Middleton entered by running for the in the 2018 Republican primary for District 23, which encompasses Chambers County and parts of Galveston County. He defeated the Wayne Faircloth, securing the nomination before winning the general election against Amanda Jamrok by approximately 9,000 votes. Middleton self-funded much of his campaign, loaning over $635,000 from personal funds and spending a total of about $1.1 million, which he attributed to overcoming opposition from influential Austin lobbying interests. His motivations centered on advancing conservative priorities and challenging perceived establishment influences in . Middleton expressed a desire to prioritize taxpayers over lobbyists, stating that "the Austin lobby did not want to see me elected" and emphasizing his willingness to invest personally to secure victory. Key campaign issues included reducing and capping property taxes, protecting rights against overreach—such as opposing coastal barrier plans that could displace homes and businesses—and reinstating in public schools. He also criticized the state's school funding mechanism as a form of "socialist redistribution of wealth," reflecting his rooted in business experience. This debut campaign positioned Middleton as an outsider challenger to entrenched political forces, leveraging his background as an oil executive to appeal to voters seeking intervention. His success in the primary demonstrated strong support among conservative Republicans in the district, setting the stage for his legislative focus on taxpayer protections and deregulation.

Texas House of Representatives service

Mayes Middleton was elected to the in the November 6, 2018, for District 23, defeating Democratic challenger Amanda Jamrok with 56.46% of the vote to her 41.43%, while Libertarian Lawrence Johnson received 2.11%. The district encompasses Chambers County and portions of Galveston County. He was sworn in on January 8, 2019, for the 86th (2019 session). During the 86th Legislature, Middleton served on the Committees on Elections, and Consent Calendars, and Urban Affairs. His legislative ratings from the Young Conservatives of reflected strong alignment with fiscal and limited-government principles, scoring 97 out of 100 for the session. Middleton won re-election on November 3, 2020, securing another term for the 87th Legislature (2021 session), though specific vote tallies indicate a comfortable hold in the district. In this session, he was assigned to the Committees on , & Civil , and and Consent Calendars, and later to the State Water Implementation Fund for Advisory Committee from October 2021 to December 2023. He also participated in conference committees, chairing (though discharged) the one for HB 769, and serving on those for HB 1281 and HB 1869. His Young Conservatives of rating rose to 100 for 2021. Middleton did not seek re-election to the House in 2022, instead pursuing a successful bid for the .

State Senate tenure

2022 election victory

Incumbent Senator did not seek re-election in 2022, leaving the District 11 seat open; the district encompasses portions of Brazoria, Galveston, and Harris counties. , a sitting member of the House representing District 23 since , entered the race as a challenger. In the Republican primary election on March 1, 2022, Middleton secured the nomination with 42,083 votes, equivalent to 62.8% of the total, surpassing the 50% threshold required to avoid a runoff. His primary opponents included Bob Mitchell, who received 10,322 votes (15.4%); Robin Armstrong, with 9,638 votes (14.4%); and Bianca Gracia, garnering 4,996 votes (7.5%). Middleton faced Democrat Sherri Vakili in the general on , 2022. He won decisively with approximately 78.5% of the vote in the strongly district, assuming office at the start of the 88th on January 10, 2023.

Key legislative roles and priorities

Middleton serves as Vice Chair of the Committee and as a member of the Administration, Business & Commerce, Education K-16, , and State Affairs committees during the 89th Legislative Session. These assignments position him to influence policies on local governance structures, commercial regulations, educational frameworks from kindergarten through higher education, legal procedures, and broader state administrative functions. His legislative priorities emphasize border security, fiscal accountability, and protections for families and children. On border security, Middleton has advocated for strict enforcement against jurisdictions and networks, aligning with efforts to support federal initiatives and bolster resources. In fiscal conservatism, he authored and defended measures to prohibit taxpayer-funded by government entities, a key priority aimed at curbing public expenditure on political and enhancing transparency in government spending. For family defense, Middleton prioritizes parental rights in , opposition to ideological indoctrination in schools, and safeguards for participation. He sponsored the Save Women's Sports Act to prevent biological males from competing in female athletic categories and has supported pro-life legislation restricting late-term abortions. Additionally, he filed SB 12, which passed and mandates the Attorney General to prosecute violations, underscoring his focus on integrity as a safeguard for democratic processes. These efforts reflect his consistent ranking among the most conservative senators, prioritizing intervention and empirical enforcement of existing laws over expansive regulatory schemes.

2025 congressional redistricting initiative

In 2025, lawmakers pursued mid-decade congressional through special sessions of the 89th Legislature, prompted by a U.S. 5th of Appeals ruling that invalidated certain " districts" under the Voting Rights Act, allowing for adjustments to the state's 38 U.S. House districts to reflect population shifts and legal clarifications. The effort, starting in June and intensifying in July and August sessions, sought to secure additional seats by reconfiguring boundaries using counties, tracts, block groups, and precincts. State Senator Mayes Middleton (R-Galveston) played a prominent role as principal author of Senate Bill 4 in the first special session, which detailed the new district compositions to favor GOP incumbents and candidates in competitive areas. He framed the initiative as critical to national politics, arguing it could deliver five net Republican gains in Congress, potentially tipping the balance of power after the 2026 midterms and averting Democratic majorities that might "ruin America." Middleton committed to exhaustive efforts for passage, dismissing Democratic legal challenges as baseless given recent judicial precedents like the Galveston County case. Democratic opposition manifested in a quorum break, with over 50 House members, including Caucus Chair (D-Houston), fleeing starting around July 21 to halt proceedings. In response, Middleton filed Senate Bill 62 on August 4, proposing to vacate seats of any legislator absent without permission for seven consecutive days, aiming to deter such tactics and restore for conservative priorities. He joined calls to expel or terminate walkout participants, contending they had abandoned their oaths and obstructed governance. Middleton's August 4 X post questioning, "Is back in ?"—alluding to Wu's departure amid the denial—drew sharp rebukes from Democrats, who labeled it due to Wu's Chinese-American background and tied it to broader claims of against minority voters. Senator Molly Cook (D-Houston) and groups like the Bay Area Democratic Movement condemned it as inconsistent with Middleton's district demographics and professed values, demanding resignation; Wu's office dismissed it as standard partisan . Middleton did not publicly retract or apologize by the following day. Despite delays, Republicans advanced the maps through companion House bills and procedural maneuvers, achieving approval in the second starting August 15; the redraw projected to solidify GOP advantages in key districts without violating federal standards, as validated by subsequent analyses.

Policy positions and achievements

Fiscal conservatism and taxpayer protections

During his tenure in the Texas House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023, Mayes Middleton earned an A- fiscal responsibility rating from the Texas Taxpayers and Research Association for the 2021 legislative session, reflecting support for measures like Senate Bill 1438 on reform and opposition to bills imposing taxes on small businesses, such as House Bill 2415. He voted in favor of House Bill 1, the state budget, while backing amendments to reduce spending on certain agencies and redirect funds to priorities like equipment. In the Texas Senate since 2023, Middleton maintained an A- fiscal in the 2023 session, advocating for reduced and taxes through support for Senate Bill 4, which provided property tax relief by increasing the homestead exemption for school district taxes from $100,000 to $140,000, and Senate Joint Resolution 2, which he joint-authored to constitutionalize that exemption pending voter approval. He opposed the misuse of the state's Rainy Day Fund in bills like Senate Bill 19 and House Bill 1595, prioritizing fiscal restraint over expanded spending. A cornerstone of Middleton's taxpayer protection efforts has been legislation to prohibit political subdivisions, including school districts and local governments, from using public funds for activities, particularly those opposing state priorities such as cuts and . He authored Senate Bill 175 in 2023 and refiled similar measures as Senate Bill 19 in the regular session and Senate Bill 12 in the July 2025 special session, with the latter passing the on July 30, 2025, after earlier amendments weakened the original ban. These bills targeted practices where dollars funded opposition to legislative reforms, arguing that such lobbying undermines public trust and diverts resources from core services. Middleton has personally forsworn his state legislative salary, donating it entirely to charities, and pledged as candidate to reject state pension and healthcare benefits while enforcing transparency in through the Open Records Act. His fiscal positions align with broader conservative priorities, earning him recognition as one of the most conservative senators in a 2025 Texas Tribune analysis of voting records.

Border security and family defense measures

Middleton has advocated for enhanced border security measures, emphasizing state-level enforcement amid perceived federal inaction. During the 88th , he voted in favor of House Bill 9, which allocated $1.8 billion for border security initiatives, including the construction of barriers, deployment of additional personnel, and support for state operations. In the subsequent special session, he supported Senate Bill 3, appropriating $1.54 billion specifically for border wall construction and related security enhancements. Additionally, Middleton backed Senate Bill 4, which established state-level penalties for illegal entry or reentry into Texas, aiming to deter unauthorized crossings independent of federal . His campaign platform further outlines plans to sue jurisdictions within , enforce federal deportation orders under a potential administration, and prioritize the arrest and removal of illegal immigrants convicted of violent crimes, framing these as essential to combating and public safety threats. On family defense measures, Middleton has positioned himself as a staunch defender of Second Amendment rights, viewing armed as a fundamental protection for families against crime, including threats exacerbated by border insecurity. As a state representative prior to his tenure, he co-authored Bill 1927, enacted in 2021 as the constitutional carry law, which permits eligible Texans aged 21 and older to carry handguns without a government-issued permit or training requirement, thereby reducing barriers to personal and familial . In the 89th Session, he voted for Bill 1362, prohibiting law enforcement from enforcing federal "red flag" orders that could confiscate firearms without , safeguarding against perceived erosions of capabilities. These actions align with endorsements from gun rights organizations such as , which highlighted his role in advancing permitless carry as critical to upholding constitutional protections for law-abiding citizens' ability to defend their homes and families. Middleton's legislative record reflects a consistent prioritization of these measures, integrating border enforcement with expanded individual rights to bear arms for deterrence and response to criminal incursions.

Authored legislation on obscenity and foreign land ownership

In the 89th Texas Legislature (2025 session), State Senator Mayes Middleton authored Senate Bill 412 (SB 412), which amended provisions of the Texas Penal Code concerning affirmative defenses to prosecution for offenses involving obscene material or conduct harmful to minors. The legislation specifically eliminated certain exemptions previously available to educators, librarians, and parents, which had allowed them to avoid liability when exposing children to content deemed obscene under the Miller Test—a federal standard assessing prurient interest, patently offensive depictions, and lack of serious value. Middleton argued that existing statutes lacked sufficient mechanisms to prosecute the promotion or possession of such materials in educational or familial contexts, particularly amid increased exposure to explicit content in schools and libraries. Governor Greg Abbott signed SB 412 into law on May 23, 2025, enabling stricter enforcement against the distribution of materials harmful to children without diluting broader obscenity prohibitions already in the penal code. Middleton also sponsored Senate Bill 17 (SB 17) during the same session, imposing civil and criminal penalties on foreign individuals and entities from designated " threat" countries—such as , , , and —for acquiring interests in Texas . The measure prohibited such purchases outright, with exceptions limited to specific residential or agricultural uses under strict oversight, and empowered the to investigate violations, including forced divestitures and fines up to $500,000 per transaction. Proponents, including Middleton, cited concerns over foreign adversaries gaining strategic footholds near like military installations, drawing from precedents under the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Governor Abbott enacted SB 17 on June 20, 2025, marking Texas's most comprehensive state-level restriction on foreign land ownership to date, amid a national trend of similar laws in over 20 states.

Controversies and criticisms

Responses to racism allegations

In August 2025, Mayes Middleton posted on X: "Is back in ?" referring to State Representative (D-Houston), who had left to break and block Republican-led legislation on or related priorities. The remark drew immediate from Democratic lawmakers, including Democrats who labeled it "disrespectful and disgraceful," and groups like CAIR-Texas, which condemned it as an "anti-Asian, anti-immigrant" attack invoking Wu's heritage amid heightened scrutiny of his leadership in the quorum break. Middleton did not delete the post, apologize, or issue a formal statement addressing the claims, despite requests for comment from outlets including Houston Public Media and Click2Houston. His campaign and social media activity in the following days contained no direct rebuttals or clarifications related to the controversy. A petition on calling for his expulsion from the garnered signatures but lacked legislative traction. Defenses of Middleton emerged primarily from conservative commenters and users, who argued the post critiqued Wu's tactics as reminiscent of evasion strategies in the Chinese Communist Party's governance model, rather than targeting ethnicity—a framing aligned with broader criticisms of Democratic walkouts as undemocratic. No mainstream leaders publicly disavowed the remark, and outlets like the Baytown Sun reported the backlash without noting intraparty condemnation. The incident occurred amid partisan tensions over 2025 efforts, where Wu's role amplified such rhetoric.

Business litigation and disputes

In March 2025, Mayes Middleton filed a in Webb County District Court against Escondido Resources, a Katy-based and , and a subsidiary of , a Florida-based giant, seeking more than $25 million in unpaid and gas royalties along with working interest proceeds. The claims center on alleged underpayments related to mineral interests in the Eagle Ford Shale region, specifically citing discrepancies in payments issued in February 2021 and September 2021. Middleton, who operates through entities tied to his family’s Middleton Oil Company, contends the defendants failed to remit full amounts owed under lease agreements for production from wells in . The dispute highlights tensions in royalty accounting within the energy sector, where operators are required to distribute proceeds based on ownership shares after deducting allowable costs like transportation and . No counterclaims or settlements have been publicly reported as of October 2025, with the case remaining in pretrial stages. This litigation aligns with Middleton's background as an oil and gas executive, though it has drawn attention amid his political ambitions, including plans to self-fund a campaign.

Opposition to redistricting efforts

In August 2025, House Democrats, numbering over 50 members, staged a break by fleeing the state to prevent a vote on Republican-led congressional legislation aimed at redrawing maps to secure additional GOP seats in the U.S. House. The plan, advanced during a special , sought to capitalize on shifts and recent rulings to add up to five Republican-leaning districts, amid accusations from opponents that it constituted mid-decade to entrench partisan advantages. State Senator Mayes Middleton, a from District 11, vocally supported the initiative, arguing in appearances that it was essential to counter Democratic obstructionism and preserve Republican majorities critical to national policy outcomes. On August 4, 2025, as the quorum break began, Middleton posted on : "Is back in ?" targeting Texas House Democratic Caucus Chair , a Taiwanese-American lawmaker from who participated in the . The post referenced Wu's heritage while questioning his whereabouts during the , which Democrats framed as an effort to block what they called a "power grab." The prompted immediate backlash from Democratic leaders and advocacy groups, who accused Middleton of invoking anti-Asian stereotypes and promoting xenophobic rhetoric to discredit the quorum break. Organizations such as CAIR-Texas and the Texas Legislative Black Caucus condemned the remark as "dangerous" and anti-immigrant, while outlets aligned with Democratic viewpoints, including and Houston Public Media, reported it as racially charged criticism amid the high-stakes redistricting dispute. Middleton defended the redistricting maps in subsequent posts, emphasizing their role in reflecting voter demographics, but did not directly retract the ; critics, including Wu's allies, argued it exemplified escalation over substantive policy debate. Such accusations reflect broader tensions, with Democratic sources amplifying the incident while supporters viewed it as pointed mockery of lawmakers evading legislative duties. Democrats maintained the walkout strategy, a used in prior Texas sessions, to delay proceedings until August 22, 2025, when many returned, though the effort proceeded in the and ultimately advanced despite the opposition. Middleton continued advocating for expulsion of absent Democrats from office, posting on that failure to attend constituted grounds for removal, underscoring his stance against quorum-breaking as undermining representative government. The episode highlighted divisions over 's timing and fairness, with no evidence of formal probes against Middleton as of October 2025.

Future political ambitions

2026 Attorney General candidacy

On April 15, 2025, Mayes Middleton announced his candidacy for in the 2026 Republican primary, positioning himself to succeed incumbent , who had declared his intent to challenge U.S. John Cornyn in the U.S. primary eight days earlier, thereby vacating the AG seat after over a decade in office. Middleton, a conservative representing District 11 encompassing parts of Galveston, Brazoria, and Harris counties, emphasized his legislative record in the announcement, framing the race as an opportunity to advance priorities including border security, taxpayer protections, and family defense against what he described as radical ideologies. Middleton's platform centers on using the Attorney General's office to enforce state laws aggressively on , crime reduction, and election integrity, while opposing federal overreach and promoting Second Amendment rights. He pledged to "shut down the radical gender agenda," protect unborn children, and eliminate government waste, drawing from his authorship of bills like the Save Women's Sports Act and a ban on mandates during his tenure in the . As an oil and gas executive with a from the University of (2008), Middleton highlighted his private-sector experience and rejection of state pension and healthcare benefits—donating his legislative salary to charities—as evidence of fiscal discipline. To fuel his bid, Middleton committed to self-funding at least $10 million initially, leveraging his personal wealth amid a competitive primary expected to draw significant outside spending. He entered as the second declared candidate after John Bash, a former U.S. Attorney backed by , with the field expanding to include Aaron Reitz (former Paxton deputy endorsed by Paxton), Joan Huffman (), and others by mid-2025. The primary is scheduled for March 3, 2026, followed by the general election on November 3, 2026. By September 2025, endorsements included the Texas Conservative Review, aligning Middleton with an "" stance supportive of former President Trump.

Personal life

Family and residences

Mayes Middleton is married to Macy Middleton, and the couple has four children: Connor, Christian, Matthew, and Martha. Middleton and his family reside in , which serves as his listed hometown and aligns with the location of his state district office. Prior to this, as of 2019, Middleton and his wife were reported to live in the historic home in Wallisville, Chambers County, where he was born. Middleton also maintains involvement in ranching, cattle, and farming operations, indicative of family-rooted land holdings in southeast .

Community and civic engagements

Middleton and his wife, Macy, support numerous local community organizations and faith-based charities operating in the Galveston-Houston region. On November 17, 2024, the couple received the Champions of Hope award from , recognizing their involvement in promoting educational and youth development initiatives.

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