Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Mount Logan

Mount Logan is the highest peak in Canada, with an elevation of 5,959 metres (19,551 feet), situated in the Saint Elias Mountains of southwestern Yukon Territory within Kluane National Park and Reserve.^[1]^[2] Named for Sir William Logan, founder of the Geological Survey of Canada, the mountain features an immense massif spanning over 20 miles in length, with a broad summit plateau that hosts extensive ice fields and is renowned for preserving some of the oldest non-polar ice cores in the world, dating back approximately 30,000 years.^[3] First ascended in June 1925 by an international expedition led by Albert H. MacCarthy via the King Trench route, Mount Logan remains a formidable challenge for alpinists due to its extreme weather, high altitude, and logistical demands, accounting for the majority of mountaineering incidents in the park.^[4]^[5] As North America's second-highest summit after Denali, its coastal proximity results in rapid elevation gain from near sea level, contributing to its massive base and persistent glacial coverage.^[6]

Physical Characteristics

Location and Topography

Mount Logan is located at 60°34′02″N 140°24′19″W in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada.^[7] The peak lies within Kluane National Park and Reserve, approximately 40 km north of the Yukon-Alaska border.^[1] It forms part of the Saint Elias Mountains, a range extending along the international boundary between Canada and the United States.^[8] The mountain's massif structure includes a broad glaciated summit plateau roughly 20 km long and 5 km wide, from which about a dozen subsidiary peaks protrude.^[9] This extensive ice-covered formation encompasses multiple summits exceeding 5,000 m, contributing to its classification as one of the largest non-volcanic ice masses outside polar regions.^[9] The Hubbard Glacier originates from the eastern slopes of the Logan massif, flowing southward into Alaska.^[10] Topographically, Mount Logan rises abruptly from the surrounding low-relief glaciated valleys and plateaus of the Yukon, with its base spanning a vast area amid the Icefield Ranges of the Saint Elias Mountains.^[1] The terrain features steep ice walls, ridges, and extensive snowfields, characteristic of the region's high-altitude glaciated environment.^[11]

Height, Prominence, and Massif Peaks

Mount Logan attains an elevation of 5,959 metres (19,551 feet) at its main summit, a measurement established through Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying conducted by a Geological Survey of Canada expedition in 1992, which resolved prior uncertainties in vertical positioning due to the peak's ice cap and remote location.^[12]^[13] This height positions Mount Logan as the highest peak in Canada and the second highest in North America, trailing Denali by 235 metres.^[1] The mountain's topographic prominence measures 5,250 metres, calculated as the vertical rise from the lowest contour line encircling it without enclosing a higher summit, ranking it second in North America after Denali's 6,144 metres of prominence and sixth globally among all peaks.^[1]^[14] This substantial isolation—approximately 622 kilometres to the nearest higher elevation—underscores its independent massif structure amid the Saint Elias Mountains.^[15] The Logan Massif extends over a broad ice-covered plateau, encompassing eleven subsidiary peaks exceeding 5,000 metres in elevation, connected by high ridges and snowfields that amplify the complex's overall volume.^[16] Notable summits within the massif include the East Peak at 5,898 metres, Houston's Peak at 5,720 metres, and Prospectors Peak at 5,644 metres, each forming distinct high points linked to the main summit via technical traverses often exceeding 5,300 metres in altitude.^[1]^[17] These features contribute to the massif's reputation as one of the largest by base area in North America, with the main summit's dominance maintained despite ongoing tectonic uplift affecting elevations across the range.^[9]

Glaciers and Hydrological Features

Mount Logan is the primary source for several extensive glaciers within the St. Elias Mountains, including the Hubbard Glacier to the west, which spans approximately 122 kilometers from the mountain's slopes to its tidewater terminus in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska, classifying it among the longest non-polar glaciers globally.^[18]^[19] The Seward Glacier extends southward from the massif, forming part of the broader Seward Icefield with lengths exceeding 70 kilometers in the regional system.^[18] The Logan Glacier descends northeastward from the central ice cap, channeling ice from elevations above 5,000 meters.^[18] The Hubbard Glacier's catchment basin alone encompasses roughly 3,900 square kilometers, encompassing much of Mount Logan's western ice accumulation and representing one of the largest non-polar ice reservoirs in North America.^[20] Ice thicknesses in the region reach up to 950 meters on Hubbard, supporting sustained flow rates observed in velocity measurements exceeding 3 kilometers per year near its calving front.^[21]^[22] Glacier dynamics on Mount Logan have been monitored through aerial photography, satellite imagery, and ground surveys since the early 20th century, revealing episodic advances and retreats.^[18] Hubbard Glacier, for instance, retreated approximately 61 kilometers between 1130 AD and the late 19th century before advancing over 11 kilometers since 1895, with terminus positions tracked via repeated photogrammetry showing net forward movement of several meters annually in recent decades.^[23]^[20] Seasonal variations include winter-spring surges up to 100 meters, driven by basal sliding and subglacial hydrology, followed by summer retreats.^[24] Hydrologically, meltwater from Mount Logan's glaciers sustains regional river systems, with Hubbard contributing directly to coastal discharge into the Gulf of Alaska via Yakutat Bay, influencing sediment loads and freshwater pulses.^[25] Eastern drainage from the Logan Glacier feeds tributaries of the Alsek River, which flows into the Pacific, while southern outflows via Seward support the Malaspina Glacier's melt into the Gulf of Alaska; these inputs provide peak summer runoff, comprising a substantial fraction of downstream river volumes in the St. Elias region.^[18]^[25] Glacial melt also delivers suspended sediments and nutrients to coastal currents, affecting marine productivity.^[25]

Geology and Formation

Tectonic Origins

Mount Logan formed as a consequence of the ongoing oblique collision between the Yakutat terrane—a thick, buoyant slab of accreted oceanic and continental sediments—and the North American plate along the southern margin of Alaska and Yukon. This terrane, derived from the subduction complex of the Pacific plate, began docking against North America approximately 30 million years ago, initiating the development of the Saint Elias orogen through flat-slab subduction and crustal shortening.^[26] The process thickened the continental crust via thrust faulting and sedimentary underplating, elevating the region to extreme heights despite its relative youth compared to older cordilleran ranges.^[27] The Logan massif, situated at the northern syntaxis of the orogen, experienced accelerated rock uplift between 10 and 5 million years ago, coinciding with a shift in Yakutat-North American convergence from oblique subduction to more direct impingement, possibly influenced by changes in Pacific plate motion. Thermochronologic data, including apatite fission-track ages, indicate rapid exhumation rates exceeding 1 mm per year during the Pliocene, reflecting erosional unloading coupled with tectonic thickening that preserved the massif's massive volume.^[28] This uplift phase contrasts with earlier Eocene and Miocene cooling episodes, marking a distinct rejuvenation tied to orogenic wedge growth rather than isostatic adjustments alone.^[29] As part of the Saint Elias accretionary wedge, Mount Logan's structure comprises imbricated thrusts carrying Yakutat Group flysch and older metamorphic basement, as evidenced by seismic reflection profiles revealing low-angle décollements and active fault propagation. Empirical studies highlight how this tectonic regime fosters localized uplift maxima at orogenic corners, akin to indentor effects in the eastern syntaxis, where strain focusing yields prominence exceeding 5,000 meters—rates sustained by minimal lateral spreading due to the terrane's buoyancy.^[30] Unlike more mature orogens like the Himalayas, where erosion dominates long-term denudation, the Saint Elias system's youth (with exhumation focused within the last 3 million years) underscores causal primacy of collisional dynamics over rebound, corroborated by balanced cross-sections modeling 100-150 km of shortening.^[31]

Geological Composition and Features

Mount Logan is composed predominantly of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, including thick sequences of Devonian limestone metamorphosed into marble and overlying Devonian-Mississippian shales transformed into slate, which form the core of the mountain's massif within the Wrangellia composite terrane.^[32]^[33] These rocks exhibit weak mechanical properties, contributing to the mountain's structural instability under ongoing uplift and erosion.^[34] Granitic intrusions, part of Tertiary plutons exposed across the Saint Elias Mountains, punctuate these sedimentary layers, with at least 23 such bodies mapped in the adjacent Alaskan sector spanning nearly 1200 km².^[35] Key structural elements include prominent thrust faults and tight folds, which deform the sedimentary-metamorphic succession and are visible in eroded exposures such as nunataks—isolated rock peaks protruding through the ice cap—and steep cirque headwalls carved by glacial action.^[32] Mineralogically, the dominant components are calcite in the marbles and clay minerals with quartz in the slates, with minor occurrences of detrital garnets of almandine composition in associated formations; no economically viable deposits have been identified or exploited on the mountain itself due to its extreme remoteness and ice cover.^[32] Geological surveys of the broader Yukon Territory highlight potential for base metals in accreted terrane sequences, but field data from Mount Logan remain limited by access constraints.^[36]

Climate and Meteorology

Temperature Extremes and Weather Patterns

The summit plateau of Mount Logan maintains a mean annual air temperature of -29°C, ensuring perennial sub-freezing conditions that preserve ice core records without melt layers.^[37] Summer temperatures average around -27°C, with the site never exceeding 0°C even during peak insolation due to the extreme elevation of approximately 5,340 meters.^[38] ^[39] Instrumental records from an automated weather station installed in May 2021 confirm extreme lows reaching -50°C, with such sub--40°C temperatures occurring year-round across the massif.^[40] Weather patterns are dominated by katabatic winds descending the glaciers, generating gusts up to 240 km/h that redistribute snow and exacerbate wind chill effects, as captured by the same high-altitude station.^[40] These downslope flows, driven by gravitational drainage of cold, dense air from the plateau, contribute to frequent whiteouts during storm events, interspersed with brief clear spells under high-pressure ridges. Annual precipitation, primarily as snow, accumulates heavily due to orographic lift from Pacific moisture, with expedition observations noting persistent snowfall even in summer, fostering the region's massive icefields.^[39] ^[38] Diurnal temperature gradients remain minimal, typically spanning less than 5°C between day and night owing to limited solar heating at altitude and rapid radiative cooling, as documented in mountaineering surveys. Altitudinal variations follow a standard environmental lapse rate of about 6-7°C per kilometer, with base camp elevations around 2,700 meters experiencing milder averages near -10°C in summer, dropping sharply toward the summit based on traverse measurements from scientific expeditions.^[40]^[41]

Environmental Conditions and Hazards

Mount Logan's terrain is dominated by extensive glaciated surfaces, including steep icefalls, vast fields of crevasses, and towering seracs that form unstable ice structures prone to collapse. These features, inherent to the mountain's massive ice cap covering approximately 86 square kilometers, create persistent hazards through hidden fissures and precarious ice towers that can shift without warning.^[11]^[42]^[43] Vegetation zones around the mountain are sparse, limited to alpine tundra and krummholz in lower elevations below 2,000 meters, giving way to barren rock, permanent snowfields, and ice above the firn line at roughly 3,500 meters. This altitudinal gradient results in minimal biodiversity at higher altitudes, where extreme exposure and lack of soil support only microbial life and occasional lichens.^[44] In the lower reaches within Kluane National Park and Reserve, fauna includes grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli), which inhabit valleys and subalpine slopes adapted to the rugged landscape. Grizzlies frequent riverine areas for foraging, while Dall's sheep seek precipitous cliffs for predator evasion, though populations remain stable but vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Above treeline, wildlife presence drops sharply, confined to hardy species like ptarmigan in transitional zones.^[45]^[46] The mountain's position in the tectonically active Saint Elias Mountains exposes it to seismic hazards from ongoing compression between the North American and Yukon plates. Southwestern Yukon records moderate seismicity, with events up to magnitude 7-8 historically, including paired magnitude 6.2 and 6.3 earthquakes on May 1, 2017, centered near Haines Junction that propagated stress to the Logan massif. Such activity underscores the region's elevated hazard potential, though major ruptures remain infrequent.^[47]^[48]^[49]

Exploration and History

Discovery and Initial Surveys

The first documented sighting of Mount Logan by Western explorers occurred on July 20, 1890, when American geologist Israel C. Russell, leading a United States Geological Survey expedition to nearby Mount St. Elias, observed the peak from the crest of the Klutlan Glacier.^[50] Russell's party, which included surveyor C. L. Davidson and naturalist Hans Seemann, was tasked with topographic mapping and geological reconnaissance in the Alaska-Yukon border region, approaching via the Yukon River and traversing glaciers under challenging conditions with limited equipment. From this vantage, approximately 40 miles distant, Russell noted the mountain's immense scale and ice-covered form, estimating its height at around 19,500 feet (5,944 meters) through angular measurements and comparisons to known peaks.^[51] Subsequent initial surveys by Russell in 1890–1891 refined these observations using barometric altimetry with aneroid instruments and triangulation methods to plot the peak's position relative to Mount St. Elias and coastal benchmarks.^[52] These efforts produced the earliest reliable maps integrating Mount Logan into the St. Elias massif, though distances and elevations carried uncertainties due to atmospheric refraction and instrument calibration errors typical of the era's remote fieldwork.^[50] Russell's reports emphasized the mountain's isolation and glacial extent, drawing on direct visual data rather than hearsay, and highlighted logistical barriers that delayed further verification until later expeditions. While local indigenous groups, such as the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations in the Yukon, possessed extensive oral knowledge of regional landscapes, no verifiable pre-contact records specifically reference Mount Logan's remote, high-altitude features, underscoring the emphasis on empirical Western documentation for its initial scientific identification.^[53]

Naming and Etymology

Mount Logan was named in 1890 by Israel C. Russell, a geologist with the United States Geological Survey, during his expedition to the Saint Elias Mountains as part of broader surveys of Alaskan and adjacent Canadian territories. Russell selected the name to commemorate Sir William Edmond Logan (1798–1875), the Scottish-born geologist who founded and directed the Geological Survey of Canada from 1842 to 1870, honoring Logan's systematic efforts in mapping Canada's geological features, including early reconnaissance that advanced understanding of Precambrian shields and mountain systems relevant to the region's tectonics.^[54]^[55] This naming reflected a merit-based recognition of Logan's empirical contributions to North American geology, rather than contemporaneous political figures or explorers, and followed the convention of designating prominent peaks after scientists whose work facilitated their identification.^[56] The etymology traces directly to Logan's surname, applied without modification as a proper noun to denote scientific legacy, consistent with 19th-century practices in North American toponymy where names were assigned based on verifiable achievements in exploration and research. Primary records from Russell's survey and subsequent Canadian geological reports do not reference a specific indigenous name for the peak, indicating it likely lacked distinct pre-contact nomenclature or cultural centrality in local Athabaskan traditions of the Yukon interior, where descriptive terms for landscape features were common but not formalized for remote summits. Informal modern claims of a local term like "Igluvut" (purportedly meaning "the place where they walk") appear in secondary popular accounts but lack attestation in ethnographic studies, early explorer journals, or indigenous oral histories documented prior to the 20th century, suggesting any such usage was incidental rather than emblematic.^[54] The retention of the Logan designation since 1890 underscores prioritization of historical-scientific rationale over subsequent reinterpretations.^[7]

Climbing and Mountaineering

First Ascent and Early Attempts

The first organized efforts to climb Mount Logan began in the early 1920s under the auspices of the Alpine Club of Canada, which recognized the peak's status as Canada's highest unclimbed summit and assembled an international team of Canadian, American, and British mountaineers.^[57] Planning commenced in 1922, involving fundraising and team selection, but initial reconnaissance in 1924 focused on mapping approaches and establishing supply caches rather than a summit push, covering vast glaciated terrain amid harsh weather that underscored the logistical demands of the remote location.^[41] ^[4] The successful first ascent occurred on June 23, 1925, led by Canadian mountaineer Albert H. MacCarthy, with a team comprising Canadians William W. Foster and Howard F.J. Lambart, Americans H. Allen Carpe, Norman R. Read, and Andrew M. Taylor.^[6] ^[5] The expedition, departing from Seattle in May, involved an arduous 140-kilometer approach from McCarthy, Alaska, across ice fields and glaciers, establishing multiple camps and pre-placing food and fuel depots to sustain the 65-day round trip.^[4] ^[58] An earlier summit bid by part of the team on June 17 reached approximately 5,800 meters but retreated due to a blizzard, highlighting the unpredictable St. Elias Range weather.^[59] The team ascended via the King's Trench route on the southwestern flank, navigating the Logan Glacier to gain the trench's upper reaches before traversing the expansive summit plateau at elevations exceeding 5,500 meters.^[11] ^[6] Six members—MacCarthy, Lambart, Foster, Carpe, Read, and Taylor—reached the main summit, with MacCarthy also claiming prior first ascents of subsidiary High Peak (5,950 m) and Weak Peak (5,915 m) during the push.^[60] This Canadian-led achievement, executed with period equipment including rope, ice axes, and sleds for hauling loads over 80 kilometers of glacier, predated successful climbs of several higher Himalayan peaks and demonstrated innovative supply-chain tactics akin to polar exploration.^[61] ^[58] The descent faced further storms, forcing snow caves for shelter, but the party returned intact by late July.^[4]

Notable Ascents, Records, and Achievements

Naomi Prohaska, at age 15, became the youngest person to summit Mount Logan on May 23, 2017, via an expedition with her father, demonstrating exceptional endurance for a novice climber after two years of preparation.^[62]^[63] The first winter ascent occurred on March 16, 1987, by a team of six Alaskans— Todd Frankiewicz, Willy Hersman, Steve Koslow, and others—enduring extreme cold and ground blizzards during a multi-week push that highlighted the peak's harsh sub-zero conditions.^[6] A probable second winter ascent followed in March 2021, covering 42 miles and 9,500 feet of gain via the Douglas Glacier route, underscoring rare self-reliant success in non-summer seasons.^[64] In May 2015, twin brothers Eric and Matthew Gilbertson set a plane-to-plane record of 15 days for the King Trench route, completing the ascent from May 4 to 18 without fixed-wing support beyond initial access, emphasizing efficient logistics and physical stamina on the massif's expansive terrain.^[65] Solo ascents represent pinnacle feats of individual resilience, with climbers like Monique Richard navigating the mountain's isolation and weather variability unsupported, as documented in expedition accounts that stress psychological fortitude over team dynamics.^[66] The 2021 John Lauchlan Memorial Award supported a self-reliant expedition by Ethan Berman, Peter Hoang, Maarten van Haeren, and Alik Berg, who summited Mount Logan, advancing Canadian climbing through funded innovation in remote high-altitude travel.^[67]

Major Routes and Technical Challenges

The King Trench route, the most commonly attempted path to Mount Logan's summit, begins with an approach across the Klutlan Glacier to the trench itself, ascending gradually to King Col at around 4,100 meters before tackling the crux MacCarthy Gap—a 450-meter icefall with slopes reaching 45 degrees and heavy crevasse hazards.^[11] ^[68] This route demands prolonged glacier travel over undulating terrain, with teams typically establishing multiple camps to manage the 2,000+ meters of elevation gain from col to summit plateau.^[69] In contrast, the Hummingbird Ridge offers a more demanding alpine line from the Seward Glacier, spanning six miles of exposed knife-edge terrain with persistent cornices, steep snow and ice sections up to 50 degrees, and frequent down-climbing requirements that test route-finding and endurance.^[70] ^[71] The East Ridge provides an alternative with similar length but incorporates rock bands and serac threats, requiring technical mixed climbing in its upper sections.^[72] Technical challenges across these routes stem from extreme vertical gain exceeding 3,000 meters from advanced base camps on the surrounding icefields, compounded by vast crevasse fields that necessitate constant probing and roped progressions.^[73] Avalanche-prone slopes, particularly under seracs in icefalls like the MacCarthy, pose ongoing risks, as do variable snow conditions that can shift from wind-packed stability to loose powder annually.^[68] ^[74] While not requiring advanced rock or ice technique, the routes favor siege-style expeditions with fixed ropes and depots over lightweight alpine ascents, given empirical low success rates—fewer than 50% for King Trench teams in adverse weather cycles—due to prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures and high winds exceeding 100 km/h.^[75] ^[6]

Access, Regulations, and Safety

Permits and Administrative Rules

Access to Mount Logan, located within Kluane National Park and Reserve, is regulated by Parks Canada to manage environmental impacts and mitigate search and rescue demands. All mountaineering activities in the Icefield Ranges require a Mountaineering Permit, obtainable by submitting an application at least one month prior to the expedition start date; failure to comply may delay processing or result in denial.^[76] Additionally, an Aircraft Landing Permit is mandatory for any fixed-wing or helicopter landings in the park, ensuring oversight of aviation support common in high-altitude expeditions.^[77] These measures enforce registration and itinerary submission at least 48 hours before departure, allowing authorities to track climber locations and respond to emergencies.^[78] In response to eight search and rescue operations over seven years prior to 2020, which imposed significant logistical and financial burdens, Parks Canada implemented stricter policies effective for the 2020 season, including a moratorium on solo ascents of Mount Logan and a minimum group size of two participants.^[79] ^[2] Winter expeditions in the Icefield Ranges were also prohibited, confining permitted activities to March 15 through November 15, with the primary climbing window from mid-April to late June.^[80] These rules stem from Mount Logan's status as Canada's highest peak at 5,959 meters, which accounts for the majority of incidents in the park, heightening risks for solo climbers and complicating high-altitude responses.^[2] Environmental protections mandate strict waste management, requiring climbers to pack out all refuse to preserve the pristine glacial ecosystem, with no designated fees specified for the mountaineering permit itself beyond standard national park entry charges.^[77] While grounded in empirical data from past rescues, the blanket prohibition on solo efforts has sparked debate among mountaineers, who contend it may unwarrantedly limit experienced individuals capable of self-reliant operations, advocating instead for requirements like proof of insurance or advanced proficiency assessments to balance access with accountability.^[81] Such critiques highlight tensions between regulatory caution and the causal realities of individual risk assessment in remote terrain, though official policy prioritizes collective resource conservation over case-by-case evaluations.

Risks, Fatalities, and Mitigation

Since its first ascent in 1925, Mount Logan has seen at least 11 fatalities by the early 2000s, with additional deaths including a cornice collapse that killed climbers Catherine Freer and David Cheesmond in 1987, a fall claiming Stephen Canning in 2004, and an avalanche sweeping Jessie Aulik to her death on the east ridge in 2005.^[82]^[83]^[84] Other incidents, such as a 1982 avalanche that left three climbers presumed dead, underscore recurring hazards like slab avalanches on routes including the Hummingbird and east ridges, where at least five deaths have occurred from such events.^[85]^[6] Falls from ice or rock features and hypothermia from extreme cold— with wind chills reaching -100°F (-73°C)—also contribute significantly, often during descents or prolonged storms.^[86] The mountain's remoteness in Kluane National Park exacerbates these dangers, as crevassed glaciers demand constant vigilance, and sudden whiteouts can disorient even seasoned teams. Despite relatively few annual attempts—typically dozens rather than hundreds—the fatality rate remains low per expedition but highlights the unforgiving nature of high-altitude, glaciated terrain where errors in route-finding or avalanche assessment prove lethal. Personal preparation, including avalanche certification, supplemental oxygen for some, and robust team dynamics, far outweighs regulatory measures in mitigating risks, as over-reliance on external aid fosters complacency in an environment demanding self-sufficiency.^[86] Parks Canada has implemented targeted rules since 2020, including a ban on solo ascents and winter expeditions in the St. Elias Icefields, mandating teams of at least two with proven high-altitude experience and mandatory satellite communication devices for emergencies.^[78] These stem from costly helicopter-dependent rescues, such as eight operations over seven years prior, which underscore logistical limits: poor weather often grounds aircraft, prolonging exposure for stranded parties. Advanced weather forecasting via satellite and apps aids decision-making, but ultimate mitigation rests on climbers' judgment in assessing snowpack stability and turning back from objective hazards, reinforcing that informed risk acceptance defines successful endeavors on Logan.^[87]

Scientific and Cultural Importance

Glaciological and Climatic Research

Ice cores drilled from the summit plateau of Mount Logan have provided paleoclimate records extending up to 30,000 years, primarily through analysis of stable isotopes such as δ¹⁸O, which serve as proxies for past temperatures and precipitation patterns.^[88]^[89] These cores, recovered from sites at elevations including 5,340 meters above sea level, reveal historical climate fluctuations, with δ¹⁸O data indicating warmer conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (approximately 900–1300 CE) and cooler periods during the Little Ice Age (circa 1300–1850 CE), characterized by stronger Aleutian Low influences.^[90]^[91] Earlier drilling efforts in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by cores in 2002, established baselines for glaciochemical and isotopic variability tied to North Pacific atmospheric circulation.^[92]^[93] Recent expeditions have extended these records, with a 2022 effort led by glaciologist Alison Criscitiello recovering a 250–300 meter ice core from near the summit, aimed at reconstructing North Pacific climate dynamics and atmospheric linkages to tropical influences over millennia.^[3]^[94] This core, preserved under cold summit conditions, captures signals of sea ice variability and solar forcing, providing causal insights into ocean-atmosphere interactions without reliance on modern interpretive models.^[90] Measurements of recent surface melt layers in Logan cores show increased ablation in the instrumental era, yet these are embedded within longer-term isotopic shifts that highlight multi-centennial variability rather than unprecedented uniformity.^[90] Such data underscore the mountain's value for high-resolution proxy records, with annual layer counting enabling precise dating back thousands of years.^[95] Glaciological studies on Mount Logan have also quantified snow accumulation rates, averaging around 1.2 meters water equivalent per year at high-elevation sites, with isotopic fractionation reflecting seasonal precipitation sourced from the Gulf of Alaska.^[95] These findings, derived from multiple cores including those from the Eclipse Icefield nearby, demonstrate periodic enhancements in accumulation during warmer intervals, contextualizing contemporary glacier mass balance against pre-industrial baselines.^[96] Ongoing analysis prioritizes raw proxy data over aggregated models, emphasizing empirical validation of regional climate forcings.^[97]

Indigenous and Local Cultural Context

Mount Logan is situated within the traditional territory of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, a Southern Tutchone-speaking group whose ancestors have occupied southwestern Yukon, including the St. Elias Mountains, for thousands of years.^[98] Their 1993 Final Agreement with the governments of Canada and Yukon, effective from 1995, affirms aboriginal title over approximately 7,546 square kilometers of Category A lands and additional settlement lands, encompassing portions of Kluane National Park and Reserve where the mountain lies; this includes co-management provisions for renewable resources in the region.^[99]^[100] Archaeological evidence of pre-colonial human activity directly at or near Mount Logan remains limited, attributable to the peak's extreme elevation exceeding 5,959 meters and profound remoteness, which posed formidable barriers to sustained access even for local indigenous groups adapted to subarctic environments.^[101] While broader Yukon archaeological records indicate human presence dating back at least 24,000 years, including hunter-gatherer sites in lowlands and ice patches yielding artifacts from over 7,500 years ago, no verified high-altitude sites or artifacts have been linked specifically to the mountain itself.^[102] Documented oral traditions of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations emphasize ecological knowledge of valleys, rivers, and game trails in their territory but do not feature Mount Logan as a central element, underscoring the peak's marginal role in verifiable indigenous cultural narratives compared to more accessible landmarks.^[53] In contrast, the mountain's initial detailed documentation arises from Western surveys, with its identification and naming occurring during I.C. Russell's 1890 Geological Survey of Canada expedition.^[41]

Representation in Media and Culture

Mount Logan's 1925 first ascent by a Canadian expedition led by A. H. MacCarthy has been documented in contemporary mountaineering literature, including detailed reports in the Alpine Journal describing the route via the Logan Glacier and the challenges of high-altitude travel over 63 days.^[103] These accounts emphasize logistical self-reliance, with the team hauling supplies across crevassed terrain without external resupply, influencing later narratives of Arctic exploration.^[4] Documentaries have portrayed subsequent ascents, such as the 1998 film Ascent of Mount Logan, which covers blind climber Ross Watson's record-setting summit via the King Trench route.^[104] Adventure films like Logan: A Journey to the Roof of Canada depict ski mountaineers tackling the peak's 5,959-meter height in Kluane National Park, highlighting remote traverses and glacial hazards.^[105] The 1925 expedition itself features in The Conquest of Mount Logan, a film compilation of naturalist H. M. Laing's footage showing camp life and summit pushes amid sub-zero conditions.^[106] As a symbol of untamed Canadian landscapes, Mount Logan appeared on a 48-cent Canada Post stamp issued October 1, 2002, for the International Year of Mountains, alongside global peaks to represent national prominence in mountaineering heritage.^[107] Expedition photography from 1925 onward, including Laing's images of icefalls and plateaus, has informed cultural depictions of self-sufficient wilderness pursuit in Canadian adventure media.^[108]

Controversies and Debates

Proposed Renaming Efforts

In October 2000, shortly after the death of former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau on September 28, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced a federal government proposal to rename Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak, as Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau.^[109] The initiative, revealed on October 4, was framed by the government as a tribute reflecting widespread public affection for Trudeau, with Chrétien citing an "outpouring of love and support for the Trudeau Family" as justification for recommending the change through the Geographical Names Board of Canada.^[110] Proponents, primarily within the governing Liberal Party, viewed the renaming as an appropriate national honor for Trudeau's legacy in federalism and constitutional reform, positioning it alongside other posthumous recognitions of political figures.^[111] The proposal swiftly encountered strong opposition, particularly from residents of Yukon Territory, where the mountain is located, and from the scientific community. Yukoners criticized the lack of consultation with territorial authorities and local stakeholders, arguing that federal imposition disregarded regional autonomy over geographic features tied to their identity and history.^[112] Geologists and mountaineers emphasized the merit-based origins of the name, honoring Sir William Edmond Logan, founder of the Geological Survey of Canada, whose contributions to mapping and earth sciences warranted preservation over political commemoration.^[113] An online petition against the change amassed hundreds of signatures within days, reflecting broader public discontent with what critics termed Liberal favoritism and the politicization of apolitical nomenclature.^[114] Opponents further contended that the move exemplified undue prioritization of partisan legacy over enduring, non-ideological significance, potentially setting a precedent for erasing exploratory and scientific heritage in favor of transient political tributes.^[115] The Yukon government and conservative voices highlighted how such renamings bypassed established protocols for geographic naming, which traditionally favor descriptive, historical, or indigenous elements rather than posthumous honors for national leaders.^[116] Facing mounting backlash, including from within Canada and internationally, Chrétien retreated from the plan on October 16, 2000, affirming that Mount Logan would retain its name while expressing openness to alternative tributes for Trudeau.^[112] This episode underscored tensions between centralized federal authority and localized or merit-driven naming conventions, with no subsequent formal efforts to revive the proposal.^[113]

References

[1]
Mount Logan, Yukon Territory - Peakbagger.com
Elevation: 5959 meters, 19,551 feet ; Nation, Canada (Highest Point) ; State/Province, Yukon Territory (Highest Point) ; County/Second Level Region, Yukon (Highest ...
[2]
Expedition logistics - Kluane National Park and Reserve
Apr 8, 2025 · Mount Logan is the highest peak in Canada and accounts for the majority of incidents in Kluane National Park and Reserve. ... altitude, for ...
[3]
National Geographic Explorer Returns to Mount Logan to Recover ...
May 17, 2022 · Mount Logan's high summit plateau likely contains some of the oldest non-polar ice in the world (~30,000 years), housing one of the most ...
[4]
a personal account of the 1925 expedition to conquer Mount Logan
Mar 1, 2022 · Morgan, Andy Taylor and W. W. Foster began their climb on May 18, after hiking about 140 kilometres from the town of McCarthy, Alaska, deep into ...
[5]
History Hunter: Hamilton Laing and the first ascent of Mount Logan
Feb 25, 2024 · In May of 1925, a party of eight men, consisting of American, Canadian and British adventurers, set out from Seattle on an ambitious attempt to reach the ...
[6]
Mount Logan, North America's Second-Highest Peak - Explorersweb »
Apr 8, 2022 · The first and only ascent of Hummingbird Ridge was on August 7, 1965, by Richard Long, Allen Steck, James Wilson, John Evans, Franklin Coale, ...
[7]
Mount Logan - Place names
Mount Logan ; Yukon · 60° 34′ 2″ N, 140° 24′ 19″ W · 60.5671, -140.4053544 · 115C09 · 1:5 000 000.
[8]
Saint Elias Mountains : Custom Object : SummitPost
Many of the highest peaks in the Saint Elias Mountains are located along the Alaska/Yukon Territory border including Saint Elias, the second highest in the ...
[9]
Logan MASSIF : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost
Logan is the largest ice sheet not part of an ice cap in the world, it has about a dozen peaks that rise from its summit plateau which itself is about 20 km ...Missing: structure topography
[10]
The Glaciers of Alaska
Jul 27, 2012 · Hubbard Glacier. The Hubbard Glacier is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska, extending 76 miles from its source on Mt. Logan. It's also ...
[11]
Mount Logan Expedition - Mountain Madness
Our route of choice – the King Trench – was the one used for the mountain's first ascent in June, 1925. Unprecedented in audacity, scale, and logistical ...
[12]
Logan '92: an expedition to measure the height of canada's tallest ...
The Logan '92 Expedition was the first expedition to attempt to measure the height of Mt. Logan using the Global Positioning System (GPS).
[13]
How scientists solved the mystery of Mount Logan's true height
May 4, 2017 · Several fist-sized chunks of rock were chiseled from the mountain whenever bare rock could be found. Ideally the rock sampling should have taken ...
[14]
World Top 100 by Prominence - Peakbagger.com
6. Mount Logan, 5250, 5959, Canada, Alaska-Yukon Ranges, 622.8, 36. 7. Pico de Orizaba, 4922, 5636 ...
[15]
Mount Logan (5959 m) (Mountain, summit) - Mapy.com
Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America after Denali ... Mount Logan is located within Kluane National Park and ...
[16]
Climbing the Seven Second Summits - Exped Review
Composed of 11 separate summits, each of which reaches a minimum of 5,000 metres (16,400 feet) in elevation, the Logan massif cuts an impressive silhouette on ...
[17]
Mount Logan - Prospectors Peak, Yukon Territory - Peakbagger.com
Elevation: 5644 meters, 18,517 feet ; Peak Type, Sub-Peak, subsidiary to Mount Logan ; Latitude/Longitude (WGS84), 60.599626, -140.511806 (Dec Deg) 60° 35' 59'' N ...Missing: massif Aconcagua<|separator|>
[18]
[PDF] GLACIERS OF THE ST. ELIAS MOUNTAINS
Seward Glacier, and it is deduced that part of this system surges (Post, 1969). In this glacier system, we will mention the ice-core sites on Mount Logan.
[19]
Imaging evidence for Hubbard Glacier advances and retreats since ...
Jun 3, 2015 · Hubbard Glacier is ∼123 km long, with an area ∼3400 km2 and a calving face ∼11.4 km wide [Trabant et al., 2003; Motyka et al., 2008]. With a ...Missing: length | Show results with:length
[20]
Glaciological and marine geological controls on terminus dynamics ...
Apr 27, 2015 · The catchment of Hubbard Glacier covers an area of ∼3900 km2 and extends from Mount Logan at 5959 m to sea level in Disenchantment Bay (Figure 1) ...
[21]
[PDF] Modern glacier velocities across the Icefield Ranges, St Elias ...
We recorded winter velocities up to 3.6 km a–1 near the calving face of Hubbard Glacier (Fig. 2a), the highest in the study area. Fortunately, independent ...
[22]
[PDF] PUBLICATIONS - Jay Patton online
Mount Logan separates the Seward Ice Field in the south from the Hubbard Glacier to the north (Figure 2). The 500–950 m thick ice of the Hubbard Glacier ...
[23]
[PDF] Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: Growing and Advancing in Spite of Global ...
For example, Hubbard Glacier retreated about 38 miles between 1130 A.D. and late in the 19th century (fig. 1).Missing: length | Show results with:length
[24]
The slow advance of a calving glacier: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.
Sep 14, 2017 · The seasonal advance (winter to spring) and retreat (summer to fall) can be as large as 100m (Reference Trabant, Krimmel and PostTrabant and ...
[25]
Glaciers - Wrangell - St Elias National Park & Preserve (U.S. ...
Jan 29, 2024 · The Hubbard Glacier starts at Mt. Logan (19,850 ft) in the Yukon Territory of Canada and ends within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park ...Missing: Seward | Show results with:Seward
[26]
[PDF] A Geologic Guide to Wrangell–Saint Elias National Park and ...
In effect, the Yakutat terrane is caught in a tectonic conflict between subduction and accre tion. If Pacific plate motion is transferred completely to the.
[27]
Three‐dimensional mechanics of Yakutat convergence in the ...
Jul 22, 2010 · Three-dimensional numerical models are used to investigate the mechanical evolution of the southern Alaskan plate corner where the Yakutat ...
[28]
Thermotectonic history of Mt Logan, Yukon Territory, Canada
This surface uplift is probably related to the coeval significant change in relative motion between the North American and Pacific plates and/or resistance to ...Missing: origins | Show results with:origins
[29]
Plate margin deformation and active tectonics along the northern ...
Dec 1, 2012 · ... collision of the Yakutat Terrane and the rejuvenation of uplift at Mount Logan (O'Sullivan and Currie, 1996). Alternatively, the glacier may ...
[30]
Structural relationships in the eastern syntaxis of the St. Elias orogen ...
Basement in the eastern syntaxis consists of the Yakutat Group, part of the. Chugach accretionary complex, which is car- ried by numerous low-angle thrust ...
[31]
[PDF] Intense localized rock uplift and erosion in the St Elias orogen of ...
Apr 26, 2009 · Initiation of the Fairweather fault and northward transport of the Yakutat terrane started ∼30 Myr ago, but collision began at 10–5Myr as the ...Missing: origins | Show results with:origins
[32]
Geology of the Wolf Creek area, St. Elias Range, Yukon Territory ...
Mar 2, 2017 · The oldest rock, massive Devonian marble at least 1000 feet thick, is overlain by several thousand feet of Devonian-Mississippian slate, ...<|separator|>
[33]
Upper-crustal cooling of the Wrangellia composite terrane in the ...
Aug 1, 2016 · This study presents the long-term exhumation history of the Wrangellia composite terrane of the remote and ice-covered northern St. Elias ...
[34]
A 36-Year Record of Rock Avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains ...
In the Saint Elias Mountains, the presence of weak sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and active uplift resulting from the collision of the Yakutat and North ...
[35]
Intrusive rocks of the Yakutat-St. Elias area, south-central Alaska
Twenty-three plutons, exposed over a total area of nearly 1200 km2, have been studied in the Alaska part of the St. Elias Mountains between long 138° and 141°W.
[36]
[PDF] Discover mineral wealth - Yukon's
The high mineral potential of the territory is a product of the complex geological history of the relatively young chain of mountain belts that make up the.
[37]
"A New Mt. Logan Ice Core Record - Change in Climate and ...
The -29 degree C mean annual temperature at the site assures that the soluble, insoluble, and isotopic components of the core are well preserved. In 2001 and ...<|separator|>
[38]
ALL ABOUT THE MOUNT LOGAN ICE EXPEDITION 2020-21 - UIAA
Nov 28, 2019 · The Mount Logan Ice Expedition 2020-2021 is a multidisciplinary scientific initiative that seeks to preserve, celebrate, and advance knowledge about climate ...Missing: meteorological observations
[39]
Researchers summit Mount Logan to document 30,000 years of ...
Jun 11, 2021 · Because the top of Mt. Logan never gets above 0 C, Criscitiello said she expects to pull a well-preserved paleoclimate record out of the summit ...
[40]
An Expedition to Canada's Highest Weather Station at Mount Logan
Jun 13, 2022 · An automated weather station provides invaluable data from the summit plateau. The heart of the station is an extremely robust datalogger from OTT HydroMet.
[41]
Mount Logan: Moments in time - Canada.ca
Jul 30, 2025 · Mount Logan is Canada's highest peak, the second-highest in North America, with a 5,959-meter height, and a large base circumference. It is in ...<|separator|>
[42]
Mt. Logan, Solo Ascent and Rescue - AAC Publications
The exceptional isolation, the extreme cold, the terrain covered with crevasses and seracs, the risk of avalanche and terrible weather conditions were all ...
[43]
The Mt. Logan Adventure - AAC Publications
On our right the slopes of Logan bulged, dome-shaped, out of the valley, a mass of immense crevasses and pinnacles and tumbled blocks of ice. Under the ...Missing: seracs | Show results with:seracs
[44]
Ecoregion: MOUNT LOGAN - ecozones.ca
Although no climate stations exist in this ecoregion, high elevations are estimated to receive up to 3500 mm of precipitation, almost all of it falling as snow.
[45]
Nature and science - Kluane National Park and Reserve
Nov 26, 2022 · Populations of grizzly bears, Dall sheep and mountain goats roam Kluane's rugged expanses. Mammals · Dall's sheep of Thachäl Dhäl · Birds ...
[46]
Giving Dall's Sheep Their Space In Kluane - National Parks Traveler
Oct 24, 2022 · “They go to the very top of Thechàl Dhâl and that's the safest place for them to have their lambs to protect them from grizzly bears, wolves and ...
[47]
Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard in the Yukon-Beaufort-Mackenzie
The region has one of the greatest seismic hazards in Canada, with numerous recorded magnitude 7 to 8 earthquakes.
[48]
[PDF] Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard in the Yukon-Beaufort Mackenzie
May 2, 2005 · The SW Yukon has exceptional seismicity with magnitude 7-8 earthquakes. The Mackenzie, Richardson Mountains, and Beaufort Sea regions have ...
[49]
Earthquake Strands Climber on Mount Logan - Gripped Magazine
May 3, 2017 · The 6.2 and 6.3 magnitude quakes were felt throughout Yukon and in northern B.C.
[50]
An Expedition to Mount St. Elias, Alaska - Project Gutenberg
AN EXPEDITION TO MOUNT ST. ELIAS, ALASKA. BY ISRAEL C. RUSSELL. (Accepted for publication March 18, 1891.) ...
[51]
The Project Gutenberg eBook of North America, by Israel C. Russell.
The highest summit to the east of Copper River is Mount Logan, 19,500 feet. This superb ice-sheathed peak is situated in Canada about 40 miles from the ...
[52]
[PDF] GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - USGS Publications Warehouse
Expedition to Mt. St. Elias in Summer of 1890. Israel C. Russell. (National. Geographic Magazine, in, 200 pp. 1891.) Explorations and Surveys in Portions of ...
[53]
Science, history of Mount Logan goes online | CBC News
Jan 24, 2008 · ... First Nations' history as well, with oral history and traditional technology and traditional knowledge." At 5,559 metres, Mount Logan ...Missing: pre- | Show results with:pre-
[54]
Mt Logan - Yukon Nuggets
It's the jewel in the crown of the fabled St Elias mountains of the Yukon and Alaska. Towering slightly more than 19 thousand five hundred feet above sea level.
[55]
LOGAN, Sir WILLIAM EDMOND - Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Life of Sir William E. Logan, Kt., first director of the Geological Survey of Canada (Montreal, 1883); “Sir William Edmond Logan,” American Journal of ScienceMissing: Israel | Show results with:Israel
[56]
Naming Alaska's Mountains - AAC Publications
This name was first applied by W. H. Dall to that part of the range which lies between the Susitna and Kuskokwim basins." (Alfred H. Brooks: The Mount McKinley ...<|separator|>
[57]
First Climb of Mount Logan - Yukon Nuggets
On June 23rd, 1925, four men stood on top of Mount Logan. They had become the first to climb Canada's highest mountain. The story of the climb began three ...
[58]
Guidebook XV—Rewind the Climb - American Alpine Club
Sep 5, 2025 · In the classic telling, we follow the expedition leader Albert MacCarthy as he spends weeks caching supplies in the dead of winter, utilizing ...
[59]
BLIZZARD BLOCKS MT. LOGAN ASCENT; Men Sent Back by ...
According to the report by Hall, the party made an attempt to reach the top of Logan on June 17, and attained an altitude of nearly 19,000 feet, but when within ...
[60]
Mount Logan | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Oct 3, 2024 · Mount Logan, with an elevation of 5,959 m, is Canada's highest mountain. It is also the second tallest peak in North America after the ...
[61]
Mount Logan – Part 1 - Desert Mountaineer
Sep 5, 2015 · 1957 saw first ascents of Joffre Peak and Mount Matier, then in 1958 he organized and led the British Columbia Centennial Expedition to Mount ...
[62]
'I made it': B.C. teen becomes youngest climber to reach Canada's ...
Canada's highest peak. (Naomi Prohaska). With files from ...
[63]
Naomi Prohaska is 15 and Reaches Mount Logan Summit
Jun 5, 2017 · Naomi Prohaska is only 15 and on May 24, she reached the summit of Mount Logan after two years of training. The Pemberton, B.C., local is ...
[64]
Mount Logan Winter Ascent - Country Highpoints
Mar 16, 2021 · Mount Logan (9,087ft). Probable Second Winter Ascent. Ascending the Douglas Glacier. March 12-14, 2021. 42 miles, 9,500ft gain.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[65]
Canada – Mount Logan - Country Highpoints
It was an enormous massif, like a huge ridge 20 miles wide, with a high point on the left edge. “That side is the east ridge, about the only other route that ...Missing: structure topography
[66]
Mt. Logan Solo: When Passion Overcomes Fear - COMMON CLIMBER
The exceptional isolation, the extreme cold, the terrain covered with crevasses and seracs, the risk of avalanche and terrible weather conditions, were all ...
[67]
2021 Logan Expedition: A Trip Supported by the John Lauchlan Award
Jan 1, 2024 · Maarten van Haeren, Ethan Berman, Peter Hoang and Alik Berg were one of two teams who received the support of the 2020 John Lauchlan Award.
[68]
King's Trench : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost
From BC, head toward the only valley going up, and follow it as it turns right and opens into the King's Trench. There is crevasse risk on the bend. Avalanche ...Overview · Getting There · Route Description · Essential Gear
[69]
Mt. Logan, King's Trench - BlackSheep Adventure
This route features generally straightforward ski touring terrain on large broken glaciers and involves winter camping at high altitude. The ascent ...
[70]
Is Canada's Hummingbird Ridge the Hardest “Classic” Climb?
Feb 27, 2024 · Nearly 60 years after its first ascent, Mount Logan's formidable Hummingbird Ridge continues to present climbers with challenges.
[71]
Mount Logan's Hummingbird Ridge - AAC Publications
Ascent: First ascent of the central South Ridge and traverse of Mount Logan, July 6-August 9, 1965. East Summit, 19,600 feet, August 7; Central Peak, 19,850 ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[72]
Mt. Logan, East Ridge
The first ascent of this ridge was by a group of five Americans in 24 days, placing nine camps to reach the previously unvisited East Peak. The second ascent ...
[73]
The First Ascent of the Immense South Face of Mt. Logan
Ascent: The first ascent of the south face of Mt. Logan (5,957m), continuing to the east summit (May 4-8, 2010, including the descent). Yasushi Okada and ...
[74]
Seeking info on Mount Logan : r/Mountaineering - Reddit
May 22, 2023 · I summited Logan via the trench a few years ago. I have not done Denali, but two people on my team had been on Denali twice (summiting once) and ...r/Mountaineering on Reddit: What is the most legendary ...At what point is one able to no longer able to go alone/with a friend ...More results from www.reddit.comMissing: notable | Show results with:notable
[75]
Mt. Logan Climb with International Mountain Guides
The climb is not considered highly technical in a mountaineering sense. There is no rock climbing or steep ice. The entire climb involves roped glacier travel ...
[76]
Mountaineering permits - Kluane National Park and Reserve
Apr 8, 2025 · Mountaineering groups must apply for permits at least one month in advance of the start of your trip. Failure to do so will result in delays in ...Missing: Mount Logan
[77]
Mountaineering - Kluane National Park and Reserve
Nov 26, 2022 · Major mountains found within the Icefield Ranges of Kluane National Park and Reserve include: Mount Logan (5,959 m), Mount St.
[78]
As rescue costs soar, Parks Canada sets new rules for climbing ...
Jan 16, 2020 · There's now a moratorium on solo climbing on Mount Logan, as well as winter expeditions on the mountain or anywhere else in Yukon's Kluane ...
[79]
After 8 rescues in 7 years, Parks Canada has new rules for climbing ...
Jan 16, 2020 · The rules, which are posted on the agency's website, include a ban on solo climbing on 5,959-metre Mount Logan and a moratorium on winter ...Missing: regulations | Show results with:regulations
[80]
No More Solo Climbers on Mount Logan in 2020 - Gripped Magazine
Dec 11, 2019 · Mountaineering in the Icefield Ranges is permitted from March 15 to Nov. 15 and the climbing season extends from mid-April to mid-June. Climbing ...Missing: permits | Show results with:permits
[81]
Just say no - Craig Medred
Jan 21, 2020 · Parks Canada announced last week it is banning all winter expeditions in the Kluane National Park of the Yukon Territory and forbidding solo climbs.<|separator|>
[82]
Officials learn of climber's death six days after fact - Whitehorse Star
Jun 7, 2005 · In the 22 years since the park was formed in 1973, there have been 18 deaths, of which 11 have occurred on Logan and seven in others areas of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[83]
Drama in Real Life: Stranded on Mount Logan for Four Days
May 7, 2018 · She knew there were risks: in 1987, accomplished climbers Catherine Freer and David Cheesmond died when a cornice broke off. Annually, an ...
[84]
Avalanche kills Calgary climber on Mount Logan | CBC News
Jun 7, 2005 · Jessie Aulik, 22, was climbing at about 2,900 metres when she was swept down the east ridge of Mount Logan in the Yukon on May 31.
[85]
Four Americans who were stranded for five days by... - UPI Archives
Jun 17, 1982 · The three men missing and presumed dead were identified as Turan Barut, 26, and Franz Mohling, 51, both of Boulder, and Stephen Jensen, 27, of ...
[86]
Making Bargains With God on Mount Logan - Climbing
Feb 9, 2016 · When four young climbers went north to tackle Canada's highest peak, they had no idea how close they'd come to never returning.Missing: accident statistics
[87]
Parks Canada sets new rules for climbing Canada's highest peak
Jan 16, 2020 · Parks Canada has brought in new rules for climbers on the country's highest peak after having to rescue eight people in seven years.
[88]
[PDF] STABLE ISOTOPE RECORDS FROM MOUNT LOGAN, ECLIPSE ...
Meltwater percolation does not significantly alter the glaciochemical records of the Eclipse ice core, as evidenced by the preservation of clear seasonal.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[89]
(PDF) Stable Isotope Records from Mount Logan, Eclipse Ice Cores ...
Three ice cores recovered on or near Mount Logan, together with a nearby lake record (Jellybean Lake), cover variously 500 to 30 000 years. This suite of ...
[90]
Mount Logan ice core record of tropical and solar influences on ...
Sep 15, 2014 · Here we present a continuous, 1500 year long, calibrated proxy record for the strength of the wintertime (December–March) ALow from the Mount Logan summit.
[91]
Mount Logan ice core record of tropical and solar influences on ...
Sep 15, 2014 · The Mount Logan ALow proxy record shows strong similarities with tropical paleoclimate proxy records sensitive to the El Niño–Southern ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[92]
Results from the Mt. Logan and 20D ice cores - ScienceDirect
Concentrations of CH4 and N2O have been determined in bubbles extracted from the Mt. Logan (Yukon) and 20D (south Greenland) ice cores.
[93]
The Mount Logan (Yukon) Ice Cores: Preliminary Results - NASA ADS
The summit core (PRCol) comes from the summit plateau ( 5340 masl, length 187 m to bedrock, mean temperature -29 C ) and was done by the Geological Survey of ...Missing: size | Show results with:size
[94]
Alison Criscitiello and Mount Logan - Perpetual Planet - Rolex.org
National Geographic Explorer Alison Criscitiello is uncovering the long climate record of Mount Logan through ice core analysis. More on rolex.org.
[95]
Paleo Data Search | Study
Here we present a 301-year snow accumulation record from an ice core at a height of 5,340 m above sea level—from Mount Logan, in northwestern North America.
[96]
Eclipse Ice Core Accumulation and Stable Isotope Variability as an ...
This analysis shows that the most fractionated isotopes and lowest accumulation cold seasons reflect a more zonal height pattern in the North Pacific.
[97]
[PDF] O Record Linked to Western Arctic Sea Ice Variability
Accumulation from the Mt. Logan ice core has been tied to local large‐scale climate oscillators like the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. (Moore, Alverson, et al., ...Missing: volume | Show results with:volume
[98]
[PDF] Cultural Orientation and Protocols Toolkit
The ancestors of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations people have lived in the region roughly centred in Haines Junction for thousands of years.
[99]
Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Final Agreement
The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations wishes to retain, subject to this Agreement, the aboriginal rights, titles and interests it asserts with respect to ...
[100]
Kluane National Park and Reserve of Canada Management Plan ...
Jan 17, 2025 · The Government of Canada signed comprehensive land claim agreements with Champagne and Aishihik First Nations and Kluane First Nation in 1993 ...
[101]
Where Does Mount Logan Rise? - World Atlas
The Kluane National Park and Reserve was established in 1976, harboring Mount Logan as its focal point and covering an area of 22,000 square kilometers. What ...Missing: size | Show results with:size
[102]
Yukon home to 1st traces of humans in North America 24,000 years ...
Jan 16, 2017 · Carbon dating of archeological site suggests humans were in Yukon 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. CBC News · Posted: Jan 16, ...
[103]
[PDF] The Mount Logan Expedition. 8 9 (1) Highest peak of the range ...
The peak itself,. 19,850 ft., is the highest unclimbed mountain of the continent, the pre-eminence of which was recognized by the American explorer, 3.. C.Missing: Israel | Show results with:Israel
[104]
Ascent of Mount Logan (1998) - IMDb
Blind mountain climber Ross Watson sets world record with Mount Logan summit. Genre. Documentary. Parents guide. Add content advisory ...
[105]
Logan: A Journey to the Roof of Canada | Rotten Tomatoes
Three ski mountaineers attempt to climb the highest peak in Canada: Mount Logan. In Kluane National Park and Reserve, at 19,551 feet, Mount Logan lies in ...
[106]
The Conquest of Mount Logan - YouTube
Jan 8, 2021 · Documentary film on the expedition of H.M. Laing, naturalist with the National Museum of Canada, which was organized under the auspices of ...Missing: Merriam attempt 1922
[107]
Mount Logan, Canada, 5959 m - Postage Stamp Guide
Canada Post commemorates the event with the issue of eight self-adhesive domestic rate ($0.48) stamps featuring summits located around the world: 1) Mount Logan ...
[108]
Hamilton Mack Laing and the Mount Logan Expedition of 1925
Sep 12, 2023 · The story of the first ascent of Mount Logan has typically been told as a mountaineering epic wherein conquest overshadows science on the ...
[109]
Mount Logan renamed to honour Trudeau | CBC News
Oct 4, 2000 · The federal government is renaming Canada's highest mountain after Pierre Elliott Trudeau. It's now called Mount Logan and it's in Kluane National Park in the ...Missing: proposal | Show results with:proposal<|separator|>
[110]
The Renaming of Mount Logan to Mount Trudeau
Oct 6, 2000 · Given the outpouring of love and support for the Trudeau Family, we announced the decision to recommend that the name of Mount Logan be changed ...Missing: proposal | Show results with:proposal
[111]
Highest peak to be Trudeau Mountain - The Globe and Mail
Oct 5, 2000 · Canada's highest peak, Mount Logan, will be renamed Pierre Elliott Trudeau Mountain. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien made the announcement ...Missing: backlash | Show results with:backlash
[112]
Prime minister backs down from renaming mountain | CBC News
Oct 16, 2000 · Jean Chrtien appears to be retreating from his proposal to rename Canada's highest mountain in honour of Pierre Trudeau who died in late September.
[113]
Renaming Mountains - NPR
Oct 17, 2000 · ... name of Mount Logan, the highest peak in Canada, would be changed to Mount Trudeau. The change was proposed in honor of former Prime ...
[114]
Trudeau tribute raises mountain of protest over renaming of peak
Oct 17, 2000 · The renaming comes as Chretien prepares to call for national elections, expected to be held in November, in which he will seek a third term. His ...Missing: proposal | Show results with:proposal
[115]
Mount Logan renaming wrong says geologist | CBC News
Oct 11, 2000 · He says many geologists climb that mountain because of it's name and the prime minister should find something else to name after Pierre Trudeau.Missing: backlash | Show results with:backlash
[116]
Government backtracks on renaming Mount Logan
Oct 17, 2000 · The Liberal government is backpedalling from its unpopular plan to rename Canada's highest peak after former prime minister Pierre Trudeau, ...Missing: proposal | Show results with:proposal