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Mountsorrel

Mountsorrel is a village and in the Charnwood district of , , situated on the western bank of the River Soar approximately four miles south of and ten kilometres north of , nestled between the river and the hills of . As of the 2021 census, the had a of 12,885 residents. The village is renowned for its long history of quarrying, which has shaped its economy and landscape since the , alongside historic landmarks such as the motte-and-bailey remains of Mountsorrel Castle, a Scheduled dating to the . Historically, Mountsorrel developed as a following a granted in 1292, with origins tracing back to the post-Norman Conquest period around 1080 when a was constructed on Castle Hill by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. The , a key strategic site during the Barons' Wars, was destroyed in 1217 after being besieged and captured by royal forces. The village's growth was bolstered by its position as a stop and its cottage industries, including glove-making and , while transportation links via the Soar Navigation canal (opened 1794), railway (1840s), and roads facilitated trade and expansion between the rocky crags and the river. The granite industry remains a defining feature, with quarrying in the area documented since at least 1756 and roots possibly extending to times; , operated by , extracts distinctive pink used in , supplying 70% of Network Rail's ballast needs and materials for highways and local buildings. Employing over 100 people with strong local family connections, the quarry underscores Mountsorrel's industrial , evident in the village's and the Granite Way rail distribution network established in 1990. Notable landmarks within the designated conservation area include the Grade II*-listed 18th-century , the Butter Market of 1793, and St. Peter's Church built in 1794, reflecting the village's preserved medieval and character. Today, Mountsorrel balances its historical and industrial legacy with community services, green spaces, and twinning with the French village of Montsoreau since 2019.

Geography

Location and topography

Mountsorrel is a village in the Charnwood borough of , , positioned on the western bank of the River Soar. It lies approximately 4 miles (6 km) south of and 10 km (6 miles) north of , within the broader Soar Valley region. The topography of Mountsorrel features a prominent steep hill rising above the village, which served as the site of the former Mountsorrel Castle and overlooks the flat, low-lying floodplain of the surrounding Soar Valley. The River Soar defines the eastern edge of the village, while the Grand Union Canal (Leicester Section) runs parallel to the river in close proximity, enhancing the area's navigable waterway network. This hill holds historical significance as the location of a medieval constructed around 1080. The encompasses an area of approximately 223 hectares (552 acres), with its boundaries adjoining the parishes of to the south and Sileby to the north, as well as other neighboring areas like Barrow upon Soar. Mountsorrel's is temperate, characteristic of the region, with a mean annual ranging from 8°C to 10°C and average annual rainfall of around 600 mm, distributed relatively evenly throughout the year but with wetter conditions in winter.

Geology

Mountsorrel's geology is dominated by the Mountsorrel Complex, a plutonic comprising primarily with subordinate and , forming the town's characteristic hill and underlying much of the local landscape. This complex, dated to the late period at approximately 451–452 million years ago via U-Pb zircon dating, represents calc-alkaline magmatism associated with the early stages of the and intrudes into older rocks of the Charnian Supergroup in the broader region. The intrusion likely occurred as a sheet-like body, with geophysical evidence indicating sharp contacts and a of about 2.66 Mg/m³ for the , contributing to its prominence amid surrounding softer sediments. The formation of the Mountsorrel Complex involved the emplacement of to magmas during a period of tectonic activity along the eastern margin of ancient , with an earlier rubidium-strontium age estimate of 433 ± 17 million years aligning broadly with the Caradoc stage of the . This igneous event produced durable, pinkish , which weathers to form tors and resists , shaping the hill's steep and influencing regional patterns into the Soar Valley. The rock's strength has historically supported its extraction for , including the known as the Humber Stone in Leicester's Humberstone district, a 20-tonne block transported during Pleistocene glaciations, and a 7-tonne piece used in the RAF aircrew memorial at Screveton, , commemorating a 1944 mid-air collision. Soils derived from the of Mountsorrel are typically coarse sandy loams with granitic brash, exhibiting good drainage but lower fertility due to rapid of nutrients in this well-aerated profile. These contrast with the finer, more fertile alluvial clays and silts of the adjacent Soar Valley , which support intensive ; the granitic soils limit crop diversity on hill slopes to hardy varieties while enhancing stability against in the broader context.

History

Early and medieval history

The Soar Valley, in which Mountsorrel is located, contains evidence of prehistoric human activity dating back to the period, with flint tools and other artifacts discovered in nearby sites such as and Barrow upon Soar, indicating seasonal or transient occupation along the riverbanks. These finds, including sharpened flints and polished axes, suggest that early communities exploited the valley's resources for , tool-making, and possibly early , though no permanent settlements from this era have been identified directly at Mountsorrel. Archaeological assessments in the area highlight the potential for further Neolithic remains due to the valley's alluvial deposits preserving such evidence. Following the , Mountsorrel emerged as a strategic site with the construction of Mountsorrel Castle around 1080 by Hugh Lupus, the first , as a motte-and-bailey on a prominent overlooking the River Soar. The castle served as a key defensive structure in the , controlling access along the river valley and supporting the Earl's regional influence. It changed hands during conflicts, falling to King Henry II's forces in 1174 after a , and was briefly held by Ranulf de Blundeville, another , following his victory at the Battle of in 1217. During the (1215–1217), the castle was held by rebel barons and played a role in their resistance against royal authority under and the young . In 1217, following the royalist victory at , forces under the besieged and captured the castle, after which ordered its destruction () to prevent further use by rebels; it was never rebuilt, leaving only earthworks and fragmentary stone foundations visible today. Excavations in 1952 confirmed granite masonry within the motte, underscoring its original scale. The first documentary mention of Mountsorrel as a appears in the 1377 returns, recording a population of approximately 156 individuals, reflecting a modest rural in the late medieval period. By this time, land ownership in Mountsorrel had passed through several noble lines, initially under the Earls of Winchester—such as Saer de Quincy, who held the following the castle's —before transferring to the Seagrave family through marriage and inheritance. Nicholas de Seagrave, 1st Segrave, consolidated control over the and, on 14 July 1292, received a granting rights, allowing a weekly on Mondays and an annual , which formalized Mountsorrel's role as a local trading center. This grant, issued by Edward I, enhanced the manor's economic privileges under Seagrave tenure, which continued into the .

Modern history

During the 16th to 18th centuries, Mountsorrel evolved as a village, experiencing after a post-medieval decline, with growth centered around its historic place granted by in 1292. The population expanded modestly, reaching 168 households by 1670 as recorded in the returns, supported by agriculture on small holdings averaging 2.75 acres following the 1782 , alongside early activities including glove manufacturing from the late and hosiery in the mid-18th century. As a key coaching stop on the London-to-North route, the village hosted 27 inns, fostering and local commerce tied to its functions. In the , Mountsorrel underwent significant industrialization, driven by the expansion of quarrying which began on a large scale in 1756 and the opening of the Soar Navigation canal in 1794, enabling shipment of 5,000 tons of by 1807. This infrastructure spurred population growth from 1,233 in 1801 to 1,953 by 1841, as quarrying provided employment and economic stimulus, though the traditional market declined in commercial importance by mid-century and the annual fair was formally abolished in 1873 following local petitions. The arrival of the in 1844 further shifted transport dynamics, reducing reliance on the canal for quarry outputs. The 20th century brought further changes, including impacts from when the bombing of the Alvis factory in in 1940 led to the relocation of its workforce to Mountsorrel, where they produced components for and Kestrel aero-engines at a requisitioned site on Linkfield Road. Post-war, Rolls-Royce acquired the facility in 1945, operating it for aero-engine production until its closure in 1994, which employed local workers and contributed to the village's industrial base. Later developments addressed infrastructural strains from quarrying and traffic; the A6 Quorn-Mountsorrel bypass opened in October 1991 to divert heavy vehicles away from the village center, alleviating congestion. In 2004, the Soar Valley opened on 31 July, providing community facilities amid ongoing social evolution.

Notable historical buildings

The Butter Market, also known as the , is a Grade II* listed structure erected in to shelter market stallholders and replace an earlier medieval cross. Constructed in stone with an octagonal of eight Tuscan columns supporting an and leaded dome topped by a stone vase , it exemplifies late 18th-century market architecture and holds significance as a scheduled for its role in local trade. The Old Rectory, a Grade II listed 18th-century at 1 Loughborough Road, served as the parish rectory until the and features red brick construction on a plinth with a plain tile roof, horizontal sliding sashes, and hipped dormers. Built in in the , its neoclassical design includes casement windows and a entrance, reflecting the architectural influences of the period. Christ Church, a Grade II listed completed in 1844, incorporates Gothic Revival lancet-style elements with coursed squared walls, dressings, and a broach over a three-stage . The features four-bay hammer-beam roofing and side lancets, while the 1902 addition includes a triple east window with early 20th-century ; it has functioned as a key community focal point since its establishment. The remaining ruins of Mountsorrel Castle consist of well-preserved earthworks, including a motte approximately 2-3 meters high with an 18-meter base diameter—partially modified by quarrying and now crowned by a war memorial—and a secondary mound 50 meters south, alongside bailey ditches up to 12 meters wide. Designated as a scheduled monument, these Norman-era remnants from circa 1080 highlight the site's defensive history and royal ties, particularly under Henry II.

Economy and industry

Quarrying

The granite quarrying industry in Mountsorrel was established on an organized industrial scale in the late 18th century, driven by growing demand for durable stone in road construction and building projects. Initially operated by local families and small enterprises, the activity expanded rapidly with the formation of the Mountsorrel Granite Company in 1854, which consolidated operations across multiple sites including Broad Hill, Hawcliffe Hill, Nunckley Hill, and Cliffe Hill. By the 19th century, the quarry had evolved into one of Europe's largest man-made granite extraction sites, covering approximately 221 hectares and renowned for its distinctive pink hornblende granite. Today, the quarry is operated by , a of , which manages extraction and processing to supply aggregates for national . Annual production stands at approximately 4 million tonnes of crushed , supporting rail and road projects across the , with estimated reserves exceeding 85 million tonnes of permitted resources. The site's strategic location near the Grand Union Canal and rail networks facilitates efficient distribution, maintaining its role as a key supplier in the aggregates sector. Quarrying techniques at Mountsorrel have transitioned from labor-intensive historical methods to mechanized processes. In the 18th and 19th centuries, extraction relied on hand tools such as chisels, wedges, and hammers for splitting rock faces, with removed by horse-drawn carts and stone transported via narrow-gauge wagons pushed manually, often by young workers. The opening of the Grand Union Canal in 1794 enabled transport of blocks and setts to distant markets, boosting output. Modern operations employ with controlled blasting to fracture the , followed by excavators for loading and on-site crushing plants to produce aggregates of varying sizes for use. The quarrying industry has been a cornerstone of Mountsorrel's economy, providing employment for hundreds of workers throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and shaping the village's development. By 1870, around 500 laborers were engaged in extraction and processing, rising to about 600 by the early 20th century across the main sites. The granite's strength made it ideal for high-profile applications, including setts for London streets, monuments, and infrastructure like the original M25 motorway construction, as well as local roads and rail ballast that accounts for 70% of Network Rail's maintenance needs.

Manufacturing and trade

Mountsorrel's historical market was established by a charter granted in 1292 by King Edward I to Nicholas de Seagrave, permitting a weekly market every Monday and an annual fair. The market primarily traded agricultural goods, including butter produced by local farmers, with the Butter Market structure erected around 1793 to shelter vendors from the weather. This facility replaced an earlier medieval market cross and underscored the town's role as a local hub for dairy and produce exchange, drawing participants from surrounding rural areas with limited arable land like Hawcliffe Field. The market reached its peak significance in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a key coaching stop on major routes, supporting the local economy alongside non-agricultural activities. However, by the second half of the 19th century, it experienced a sharp decline due to competition from larger urban markets and improved transport networks, becoming almost disused by 1848. In the 19th century, Mountsorrel developed a notable boot and shoe manufacturing sector, closely tied to the dominant industry in nearby Leicester, where the trade employed thousands and drove regional economic growth. Local production began in the late 1800s as an extension of Leicester's operations, with factories like the School Boy Boot & Shoe Co. on Marsh Road emerging as offshoots of established firms such as Durston & Co., providing employment for many villagers until the late 20th century. Goods from these and other local industries were transported via the River Soar Navigation, made fully operational between and by 1794, facilitating the movement of manufactured items like footwear components and related products to broader markets. This canal trade thrived until the mid-19th century, when railway developments introduced fierce competition, reducing canal usage and profitability for such shipments. The Rolls-Royce factory in Mountsorrel, acquired in 1945, marked a significant post- industrial presence, building on wartime efforts where Alvis workers from —displaced by bombing in 1940—had been relocated to produce parts for Rolls-Royce and Kestrel engines at local sites. The facility, originally a plant, shifted to aero-engine production and became known as Rolls-Royce Mountsorrel, focusing on civil and jet engines; it suffered a major fire in 1959 but continued operations until closure in 1994 amid company-wide redundancies. The site was subsequently redeveloped into residential housing. Workers in Mountsorrel's factories, particularly in the boot and shoe sector, were affiliated with the National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives (NUBSO), which dominated organized labor in from the late and advocated for better wages and conditions. Union activities intensified in the , with local employees participating in regional actions such as the 1920–1921 industry slump strikes and the 1926 General Strike, which disrupted boot production across amid broader demands against wage cuts. These efforts reflected the militant spirit of the trade, including the 1895 national lockout that aimed to curb rising worker organization but ultimately strengthened union resolve in areas like Mountsorrel.

Contemporary economy

In the , Mountsorrel's economy has shifted away from its historical reliance on heavy , which experienced a decline post-1990s due to broader trends in the UK, including closures in textiles and sectors across Charnwood Borough. ing remains a dominant activity, centered on Tarmac's Mountsorrel —Europe's largest hard rock —producing around 4 million tonnes of annually and supporting approximately 140 direct jobs as of the mid-2010s, with a planned strike ballot involving about 100 workers in September 2025. This sector generates roughly £4 million in annual wages and £10 million in local goods and services procurement, though employment has stabilized at lower levels compared to peak industrial eras, reflecting mechanization and efficiency gains. In 2025, Tarmac proposed extending the quarry until 2058, adding reserves and potentially sustaining jobs, amid local opposition over environmental impacts. Modern economic sectors in Mountsorrel have diversified toward , bolstered by the village's strategic location along the A6 road and proximity to the , facilitating warehousing and distribution activities. Small businesses in retail and services thrive in the local centre along Leicester Road, offering a balanced mix of shops, cafes, and professional services to residents and commuters. has emerged as a growth area, driven by attractions like the Mountsorrel & Community Heritage Centre, housed in a restored site with exhibits on local , quarrying history, and a miniature railway, drawing visitors for educational tours and nature trails. Recent developments include residential expansions on former industrial sites, such as the 2022 mixed-use project delivering nine new homes alongside office space, and a 2025 proposal for 16 affordable homes on a one-acre brownfield factory plot in Marsh Road, contributing to broader housing growth amid population increases from 8,223 in 2011 to 12,885 in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted local employment between 2020 and 2022, particularly in services and logistics, but recovery has been aided by regional strategies promoting hybrid work models and infrastructure investments under Charnwood's 2024-2027 Economic Development Strategy. Mountsorrel's economy bolsters Charnwood Borough's overall (GVA), with quarrying and providing key contributions to the area's £4.5 billion annual GVA as of 2021, while rates have remained low at 2.0% in 2021 and 3.1% by early 2024—below the national average of approximately 4%.

Road infrastructure

Mountsorrel's road infrastructure centers on the , a major north-south route that historically served as a vital link between and . Established as part of the county's first in , the A6 through Mountsorrel facilitated improved travel and trade during the by replacing earlier unpaved tracks with a maintained , enhancing connectivity along what was then a key segment of the London-to-Scotland corridor. The road's passage directly through the village core supported local commerce but also contributed to ongoing accessibility challenges as traffic volumes grew over time. To alleviate severe congestion in the village, the A6 Quorn-Mountsorrel Bypass was constructed as a 5-mile dual-carriageway diversion, opening on 28 October 1991 at a cost of £43.329 million. This , undertaken by contractor , included specialized structures such as the Soar Viaduct bridges spanning the River Soar and the Grand Union Canal, designed to handle heavy quarry-related loads while minimizing environmental disruption to the adjacent Soar Valley. The bypass significantly relieved through-traffic pressure on Mountsorrel's narrow streets, which had previously experienced frequent bottlenecks from both commuter and industrial vehicles, particularly heavy goods associated with local quarrying activities. Complementing the A6, local roads like the B5330 provide essential connectivity to surrounding areas, including routes toward Rothley and Beacon Hill, serving residential and minor commercial needs. These secondary lanes, along with smaller access roads, form a network of narrow, winding paths typical of the village's historic layout, supporting daily local movement while directing heavier traffic to the trunk road. Parking facilities in Mountsorrel include public car parks such as the free lot off Leicester Road (A6) near the Memorial Hall, alongside street parking on roads like Loughborough Road, though recent restrictions introduced in October 2025 aim to manage overflow and improve pedestrian safety in high-use zones like the Market Place. In the 2020s, enhancements under Charnwood Borough Council's initiatives have focused on multimodal improvements, including the development of cycle paths integrated into the local road network. Collaborative efforts between Mountsorrel and neighboring parishes, documented in 2024 meetings, have prioritized safer walking and routes linking to broader networks like the Loughborough Area Local and Walking Infrastructure (LCWIP), with additions such as segregated lanes along key lanes to reduce reliance on car use. Additionally, post-2020 additions include charging points, such as the public station at the Mountsorrel Depot on Hawcliffe Road, supporting the shift toward low-emission transport amid ongoing traffic management.

Public transport

Mountsorrel lacks a local railway station but is served by Sileby station, approximately 3 miles to the north, on the . Trains from Sileby to run approximately every 30-60 minutes (about 22 daily as of 2025), taking around 15 minutes (average 16, fastest 13). Connections to London St Pancras International are available via , with journey times averaging 1 hour 36 minutes. Bus services provide frequent links to nearby towns and cities, with three main routes operating through Mountsorrel. The Centrebus LC5 links to via Sileby and Barrow upon Soar, and extends toward via and Thurmaston. The 127 offers direct service to 's St Margaret's Bus Station every 15 minutes and to . In the 2020s, service frequencies have increased under the Leicestershire Bus Service Improvement Plan, supported by sustainable transport funding to enhance reliability and coverage. The River Soar, part of the Grand Union Canal's Leicester section, runs adjacent to Mountsorrel and facilitates leisure boating, with moorings and access points for narrowboats and day trips. Complementary non-motorized options include walking and along the Soar Way, a following the river valley through the area, suitable for recreational use. Accessibility has improved through expansions in from 2021 to 2025, including community minibus services in Charnwood district targeted at elderly residents for flexible, door-to-door journeys.

Society

Demographics

Mountsorrel's population has shown growth over recent decades, recording 6,662 residents in the 2001 , rising to 8,223 in the 2011 , and reaching 12,885 in the 2021 . This increase of approximately 57% between 2011 and 2021 reflects expansion, likely due to new housing developments in the parish. In terms of age distribution from the 2021 Census, the population has an aging profile, with 21% under 18 years old, 61% aged 18-64, and 18% aged 65 and over; the median age stands at approximately 41 years. This structure indicates a trend toward an older demographic, consistent with national patterns in rural where post-family households and retirees contribute to the shift. Ethnically, the community remains predominantly at 93.6%, with Asian residents comprising about 3.1%, 0.7%, mixed 2.2%, and other groups under 1%; this composition shows continuity from 2011, when formed 92% of the population and Asian groups 4%. Religiously, is the largest affiliation at 48.2%, closely followed by no at 48.2%, with smaller proportions identifying as Hindu (1.9%), Muslim (0.4%), Sikh (0.4%), and other faiths; these figures mark a decline in Christian adherence from 60% in 2011, alongside a rise in those reporting no to 30% at that time. Housing data from 2011 indicates over 3,500 s with an average occupancy of 2.3 persons per , and approximately 70% owner-occupied tenure. By 2021, with significant , numbers increased to around 5,600, maintaining similar occupancy and a high rate of home ownership reflective of the area's suburban character.

Education and community facilities

Mountsorrel's is primarily served by , a academy located at 8 Rothley Road, catering to approximately 399 pupils aged 4 to 11. The school, part of the Rise Multi Academy Trust, emphasizes inclusive education and has been rated good by for its ambitious curriculum and support for pupils with special educational needs. Nearby , situated on Mountsorrel Lane in the adjacent village of , shares a with Mountsorrel and enrolls around 511 pupils in a similar age range, providing additional capacity through its voluntary controlled status and focus on high . These institutions collectively support the educational needs of the local child population, which numbers in the thousands across the broader parish area. Secondary education for Mountsorrel residents is provided by Humphrey Perkins School, an in Barrow-upon-Soar approximately 3 miles away, serving about 844 pupils aged 11 to 16. The school, rated good by , offers a comprehensive curriculum including GCSEs and vocational options, with transport arranged by for eligible students from Mountsorrel. While no operates directly within , this arrangement ensures access to quality education without local provision. Key community facilities in Mountsorrel include the Soar Valley Leisure Centre on Kingfisher Road, which features a 25-meter , a large , a health suite with and steam room, multi-purpose halls, and an pitch; the centre was fully refurbished in to enhance its offerings for fitness and recreation. It also provides a creche service for childcare, supporting working parents with sessions from 6 weeks to 5 years old at affordable rates. The , a community-managed facility at The Green, offers free access to books, computers, , and hosts regular clubs such as reading groups, craft sessions, and social activities to promote learning and wellbeing. Health services are delivered through two practices: Charnwood at 39 Linkfield Road and Alpine House at 86 Road, both accepting new patients and providing comprehensive NHS including vaccinations and management. Additionally, the Mountsorrel Memorial Centre functions as a versatile community hub with a 204-seat , air-conditioned meeting rooms, a , , and shop units, facilitating local events and gatherings. Recent enhancements in the 2020s include expanded creche hours at the leisure centre and adult skills training classes offered via Leicestershire County Council's partnerships, focusing on and to address local needs.

Culture and sport

Mountsorrel's cultural life is enriched by annual community festivals that foster local pride and participation. The Mountsorrel REVIVAL, launched in 2014 by the Mountsorrel Community Team, serves as a prominent event held on the second Sunday in August, featuring parades, live music, fun runs, and family activities across village sites including the and Playing Field. This volunteer-run festival raises funds for local charities and clubs while celebrating the village's heritage through inclusive entertainment. The Butter Market, a historic structure dating to 1793, often hosts stages and gatherings during such events, linking modern festivities to the village's medieval market traditions granted by I in 1292. Preserving Mountsorrel's heritage forms a core aspect of community culture, led by the Mountsorrel Heritage Group, established in 2005 with an online archive developed in 2013. The group organizes monthly talks on topics, such as the village's castle and broader historical events, held at the Mountsorrel Memorial Centre to engage residents in heritage conservation. Traditions like the historical Butter Market, originally a site for dairy trade, inspire contemporary activities, though formal reenactments are limited; instead, the market's legacy is evoked through festival programming and guided walks exploring the site's medieval origins. The modern arts scene in Mountsorrel thrives at the Memorial Centre, a community venue that hosts theatre productions, live music performances, and comedy shows throughout the year. This facility supports local amateur groups and touring acts, providing a hub for cultural expression with events like musical tributes and dramatic plays that draw villagers and visitors alike. Community groups play a vital role in Mountsorrel's social fabric, including youth organizations such as the 1st Mountsorrel Group, which offers sections for (ages 4-6), Beavers (6-8), Cubs (8-10.5), and (10.5-14), meeting weekly at local halls to promote outdoor skills and teamwork. Girlguiding Leicestershire extends its divisions to cover Mountsorrel, providing Guiding, Brownie, and Rainbow programs for girls aged 5-14 focused on and . Annual fetes and gatherings, such as medieval-themed banquets organized by the Community Team at historic sites like the castle mound, encourage communal participation and historical appreciation. In the , environmental initiatives have gained prominence, aligned with the Parish Council's policy that promotes awareness and partner collaborations for sustainable practices, including local clean-up efforts along Soar. Sporting activities in Mountsorrel emphasize grassroots participation, with the Mountsorrel Castle Club, founded around 1880, fielding senior teams in the and League's Division 3 West and Division 5. The club plays at the Memorial Recreation Ground, welcoming players of all abilities in a sociable . is equally popular, supported by clubs like Mountsorrel Amateurs , which competes in the Division 1, and Mountsorrel Juniors , focusing on youth development across multiple age groups in regional leagues. These teams utilize local pitches at Halstead Road and contribute to the village's active community spirit through matches and training programs.

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