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International Motors

International Motors, LLC, formerly Navistar International Corporation, is an American manufacturer of commercial trucks, buses, and engines with a history tracing back to 1831.^[1]^[2] Headquartered in Lisle, Illinois, the company produces vehicles under the International brand for trucks and the IC Bus brand for school and commercial buses, focusing on medium- and heavy-duty segments for applications including freight, construction, and pupil transportation.^[1]^[3] As a subsidiary of TRATON GROUP since its full acquisition in 2021, International Motors reported revenue exceeding $11 billion in 2024 and maintains a network supporting over one million trucks and buses operating across North America.^[4]^[5] The firm has pioneered durable commercial vehicles since introducing its first truck in 1907, evolving from International Harvester's agricultural roots to emphasize innovative powertrains, including recent advancements in electric and alternative-fuel technologies.^[1]^[6]

History

Origins as International Harvester (1902–1985)

The International Harvester Company was formed on August 12, 1902, through the merger of five major agricultural equipment manufacturers orchestrated by financier J.P. Morgan: the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company (established 1847 by Cyrus McCormick), the Deering Harvester Company, the Milwaukee Binding Machine Company, the Plano Harvester Company, and Warder, Bushnell & Glessner.^[7]^[8] The new entity, capitalized at $120 million, aimed to consolidate the fragmented farm machinery industry, which was plagued by cutthroat competition and price wars, enabling centralized production of reapers, binders, and other harvesting implements at facilities primarily in Chicago.^[7] Early operations focused on agricultural dominance, with the company employing over 5,000 workers by 1903 and exporting products globally, though it faced antitrust scrutiny from the U.S. government, resulting in a 1912 consent decree that mandated fair competition.^[8] Diversification into motorized vehicles began in 1907 with the introduction of the Auto Wagon, a horse-drawn wagon adapted with a 14-horsepower gasoline engine for farm hauling, marking International Harvester's entry into truck production.^[9]^[6] By 1912, the company offered its first dedicated truck model, the Auto Buggy, a lightweight delivery vehicle, followed by heavier-duty chassis in the 1910s tailored for commercial and agricultural use.^[9] World War I accelerated truck development, as International Harvester supplied thousands of Model H and K trucks to the U.S. military for logistics, establishing the "International" brand in heavy-duty transport and leading to postwar expansion with assembly plants in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Springfield, Ohio.^[10] By the 1920s, the truck line included the S-series, featuring innovative four-wheel-drive options and diesel prototypes, with annual production exceeding 100,000 units by 1929.^[9] The interwar period saw further innovation, including the 1937 introduction of the K-series trucks with streamlined cabs and the adoption of Cummins diesel engines, enhancing payload capacities up to 20 tons for logging and construction.^[11] During World War II, International Harvester produced over 400,000 M-series military trucks, including the M-5 half-track, contributing to Allied supply chains and postwar civilian models like the R-series in 1953, which incorporated cab-over-engine designs for better maneuverability.^[11] The company's truck division grew alongside its core agricultural and construction equipment segments, with engines like the V-800 series powering both tractors and semis, achieving peak market share in medium- and heavy-duty trucks by the 1960s.^[10] Postwar prosperity fueled expansion, but the 1970s brought challenges from oil crises, inflation, and farm debt cycles, exacerbating operational inefficiencies across divisions.^[12] A pivotal 1979–1980 labor strike lasting 172 days halted production, costing an estimated $400 million in lost revenue and inventory shortages.^[8] Cumulative losses reached $3.3 billion from 1979 to 1985, with employment dropping from 98,000 to 15,000 workers and plants reduced from 42 to seven, as the company grappled with overextension in diversified operations including appliances and engines.^[12] 1979 marked the last profitable year before sustained deficits, driven by high debt, outdated facilities, and declining agricultural demand.^[13] In response, International Harvester sold its agricultural equipment division to J.I. Case in 1985 for $600 million, forming Case IH and allowing the retention of truck and engine operations as a streamlined entity focused on commercial vehicles.^[11] This restructuring preserved the truck legacy amid broader industrial contraction.^[14]

Transition to Navistar International (1986–1990s)

In January 1986, International Harvester, having divested its agricultural equipment operations to Tenneco the prior year amid crippling debt and operational losses exceeding $1 billion in fiscal 1982, restructured as Navistar International Corporation to concentrate exclusively on commercial trucks, engines, and related components.^[15]^[12] The name change, announced on January 7, symbolized a shift toward advanced transportation technologies, distancing the firm from its diversified past marked by a 1979–1980 labor strike that halted production for six months and exacerbated a recession-driven sales slump.^[16]^[17] Navistar retained core manufacturing facilities in locations such as Springfield, Ohio, and Fort Wayne, Indiana, while prioritizing diesel powertrains that aligned with growing fleet demands for durability and fuel efficiency. The transition involved aggressive cost-cutting, including workforce reductions from over 90,000 employees in the early 1980s to around 20,000 by 1987, and debt refinancing that averted bankruptcy.^[12] Navistar introduced updated heavy-duty models like the S-series trucks, incorporating electronic fuel injection systems to meet evolving emissions standards and compete with rivals such as Freightliner and Mack.^[18] Financial recovery was gradual; by fiscal 1988, the company reported net income of $71 million on sales of $4.1 billion, signaling stabilization after years of red ink.^[12] Into the 1990s, Navistar capitalized on surging diesel engine adoption, emerging as a dominant supplier of chassis for school and transit buses, with annual production exceeding 20,000 units by mid-decade.^[18] Strategic investments in engine R&D, including the DT466 inline-six series, bolstered market share in medium- and heavy-duty segments, where Navistar held approximately 15% of U.S. Class 8 truck sales by 1995.^[12] Despite macroeconomic headwinds like the early 1990s recession, the firm's focus on vocational trucks—such as dump and refuse models—supported consistent revenue growth, laying groundwork for expanded partnerships in powertrain distribution.^[19]

Growth, Acquisitions, and Engine Development (2000s)

In the early 2000s, Navistar International Corporation experienced steady growth in its truck and engine segments, driven by expanded market share in medium-duty vehicles and increased parts sales exceeding $1 billion annually by 2000.^[20] The company invested approximately $600 million in developing new heavy-duty truck models, such as the International PayStar and TranStar series updates, to enhance competitiveness amid rising demand for commercial trucking.^[21] In 2001, Navistar launched the International 4300 Series medium-duty trucks, which broadened its presence in the Class 4-6 segment and contributed to revenue growth through diversified offerings for vocational applications.^[22] This period also saw operational expansions, including the relocation of corporate headquarters from Chicago to Lisle, Illinois, in 2000 to streamline management and support scaling operations.^[23] Acquisitions focused on bolstering international engine manufacturing capabilities. In March 1999, Navistar acquired a 50% stake in Maxion Motores Ltda., a Brazilian diesel engine producer, renaming it Maxion International Motores S.A. and achieving full ownership by January 2001, which established a foothold in South American markets for engine production and sales.^[24]^[25] In 2005, Navistar's South American subsidiary, International Engines South America, completed the acquisition of MWM Motores Diesel Ltda., a prominent Brazilian diesel engine firm previously linked to Deutz AG, for an undisclosed amount; this move integrated MWM's production facilities and expertise, enabling Navistar to produce engines tailored for regional heavy-duty applications and export markets.^[26] These deals enhanced Navistar's global supply chain for diesel components, reducing reliance on North American facilities amid growing export demands. Engine development emphasized emissions compliance and technological advancements to meet impending U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. In April 2000, Navistar demonstrated prototype camless diesel engine technology, utilizing electronic actuators for variable valve timing to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce NOx emissions without traditional camshafts, positioning the company for future regulatory challenges.^[27] The VT engine family, introduced in 2003 as a V8 variant of the established DT inline-6 series, offered power outputs from 200 to 350 horsepower for medium-duty trucks, incorporating turbocharging and electronic controls for improved performance in Ford Super Duty applications until the partnership's evolution. By 2007, Navistar pioneered hybrid commercial truck production with the International DuraStar Hybrid, integrating diesel engines with electric assist for urban delivery fleets, marking an early foray into alternative powertrains amid rising fuel costs.^[18] Toward the decade's end, development shifted to the MaxxForce series, adopting an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-only strategy to achieve 2010 EPA NOx limits without selective catalytic reduction, with initial models like the MaxxForce 15 (15-liter inline-6) unveiled in 2009 for heavy-duty tractors.^[28] This approach, while innovative in prioritizing cooled EGR for emissions control, later faced reliability scrutiny but reflected Navistar's commitment to proprietary diesel solutions during the period.^[29]

Emission Regulations, MaxxForce Challenges, and Restructuring (2010s)

In response to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2010 heavy-duty diesel engine standards, which mandated a 98% reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions compared to 2004 levels, Navistar International pursued an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-only approach for its MaxxForce engines, eschewing the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems adopted by competitors like Cummins and Caterpillar that relied on diesel exhaust fluid (urea).^[30]^[31] Navistar's leadership, under CEO Daniel Ustian, publicly asserted in 2009 that its advanced EGR technology would achieve compliance without SCR, challenging EPA certifications of rival SCR-based engines as overly reliant on aftertreatment.^[32] However, testing revealed the MaxxForce 11, 13, and other variants emitted NOx levels up to 14 times the standard, prompting Navistar to rely on EPA-issued emission credits to sell noncompliant engines from 2010 to 2012, exhausting its credit bank by mid-2012.^[33]^[34] The MaxxForce program's failures triggered regulatory scrutiny, investor lawsuits, and operational upheaval. In July 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice, on behalf of the EPA, sued Navistar for Clean Air Act violations, alleging the sale of over 95,000 noncompliant engines contributed to excess NOx emissions exceeding 500,000 tons; the case settled in October 2021 with a $52 million civil penalty, forfeiture of remaining credits, destruction of noncompliant engines, and a mitigation program to offset 10,000 tons of NOx.^[30]^[31]^[35] Class-action suits from truck owners highlighted reliability issues, including frequent EGR cooler failures and reduced engine life, culminating in a May 2019 settlement of $135 million for MaxxForce 11 and 13 engines produced from 2010 to 2014.^[36] In March 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Navistar and Ustian with misleading investors by overstating certification prospects and understating risks, resulting in Ustian's resignation as chairman in August 2012 amid a strategy pivot to SCR integration.^[37]^[38] These challenges exacerbated Navistar's financial distress, with quarterly losses mounting—such as $172 million in Q2 2012—and stock declines, including a 10% drop in January 2010 after disappointing earnings guidance.^[39]^[40] Restructuring efforts, branded as the "Drive to Deliver" initiative, involved workforce reductions, plant idling, and divestitures like the 2013 sale of its recreational vehicle chassis business to address warranty liabilities and cash flow strains from MaxxForce recalls.^[41]^[42] New CEO Troy Clarke, appointed in September 2012, oversaw cost-cutting and a shift to compliant engines, stabilizing operations but leaving lingering warranty costs that pressured profitability through the mid-2010s.^[43]

Traton Acquisition and Rebranding to International Motors (2020s)

In January 2020, TRATON SE, the truck manufacturing subsidiary of Volkswagen Group, proposed to acquire all outstanding common shares of Navistar International Corporation not already owned by TRATON for USD 35 per share in cash.^[44] This initial offer valued the transaction at approximately USD 3.4 billion, building on TRATON's existing 16.8% stake in Navistar established through prior investments.^[44] Negotiations continued amid competitive pressures, leading TRATON to raise its bid to USD 44.50 per share in October 2020.^[45] A definitive merger agreement was reached on November 7, 2020, under which TRATON would acquire Navistar for USD 44.50 per share, totaling about USD 3.7 billion for the remaining shares.^[46]^[45] The deal received regulatory approvals, including from U.S. antitrust authorities, despite scrutiny over potential market concentration in the commercial vehicle sector.^[47] The merger closed on July 1, 2021, with TRATON submitting the certificate of merger, fully integrating Navistar as a wholly-owned subsidiary within the TRATON GROUP alongside brands like MAN and Scania.^[48]^[49] Navistar's common shares were delisted from the New York Stock Exchange shortly thereafter.^[50] Post-acquisition, Navistar focused on operational synergies, including shared technology for engines and digital solutions, while addressing prior challenges from emissions compliance issues.^[3] In March 2022, the company opened a new USD 250 million manufacturing facility in Springfield, Ohio, to enhance production capacity for International-brand trucks.^[51] By September 2024, as part of a broader business transformation under TRATON ownership, Navistar announced its rebranding to International Motors, LLC, effective October 1, 2024.^[52]^[2] The name change harks back to the company's roots in the International Harvester era, emphasizing a renewed focus on end-to-end fleet solutions, customer-centric innovations, and the core International truck brand rather than the Navistar corporate identity.^[51]^[53] This rebranding coincided with strategic investments in electrification and supply chain resilience, positioning International Motors to compete more effectively in the North American commercial vehicle market.^[54]

Products and Divisions

International Trucks

International Trucks manufactures commercial vehicles spanning medium-duty (Class 4-6), heavy-duty (Class 7-8), and severe-duty (Class 8 vocational) categories, emphasizing durability, uptime, and application-specific performance for on-highway and off-road operations.^[55] The division, headquartered in Lisle, Illinois, integrates proprietary engines like the S13 and A26 with options from Cummins, focusing on fuel efficiency, safety features such as Diamond Logic® electrical systems, and predictive maintenance via OnCommand® Connection.^[56] In the medium-duty segment, the MV™ Series supports versatile configurations for pickup/delivery, straight trucks, and tractors with gross vehicle weights from 16,000 to 33,000 pounds, while the CV™ Series targets Class 4-6 applications with a Cummins B6.7 turbo diesel engine delivering up to 350 horsepower and 750 lb-ft of torque.^[57] The eMV™ electric variant introduces zero-emission options for urban routes, featuring a 142 kWh battery pack and up to 150 miles of range. Heavy-duty offerings include the LT® Series for long-haul efficiency, powered by the International S13 inline-six engine with 400-515 horsepower and 1,450-1,850 lb-ft of torque, paired with a 120,000 PSI heat-treated alloy steel frame and advanced aerodynamics for improved fuel economy. Vocational heavy-duty models like the HV™ Series handle construction, refuse, and bulk transport, with updated 2025 variants (HV 509, HV 515, HV 609, HV 615) incorporating enhanced cabs, higher GVWR up to 86,000 pounds, and Hendrickson axles for superior payload capacity.^[58] Severe-duty trucks, such as the HX® Series, are designed for extreme conditions in mining, logging, and oilfield service, featuring set-back axles, high ground clearance, and engine options up to 605 horsepower from the Cummins X15, with frame rails engineered for 700,000 lb RSL ratings. Legacy models like the LoneStar® persist for specialized long-haul needs with customizable aesthetics and performance tuning. All series comply with EPA and CARB emissions standards through selective catalytic reduction and exhaust gas recirculation technologies.^[59]

IC Bus School and Commercial Buses

IC Bus, a division of International Motors, specializes in the manufacture of school and commercial buses, with production centered at its Tulsa, Oklahoma facility, which reached a milestone of 250,000 units produced after 25 years of operation as of October 2025.^[60] The division traces its roots to Ward Body Works, established in 1933 for wooden school bus bodies, which evolved into AmTran and was acquired by Navistar International, with full ownership by 1995 and rebranding to IC Bus in 2002 to emphasize integrated coach designs.^[61]^[62]^[63] Following Navistar's acquisition by Traton SE in 2021 and the corporate rebranding to International Motors in October 2024, IC Bus continues as the leading producer of school buses in North America.^[3]^[51] IC Bus school buses primarily consist of the CE Series (Type C forward-engine) and RE Series (Type D rear-engine) models, engineered for durability, safety, and efficiency with options for diesel or electric powertrains. The CE Series accommodates up to 83 passengers, features a Cummins B6.7 engine rated at 220-260 horsepower, and includes advanced safety technologies such as collision mitigation systems.^[64]^[65] The Next Generation CE Series, launched in July 2023, incorporates electric variants with zero-emission capabilities, regenerative braking, and battery options providing 135 to over 200 miles of range, aimed at reducing total cost of ownership through lower maintenance and fuel expenses.^[66]^[67] The RE Series targets higher-capacity needs with rear-engine configuration for better weight distribution and passenger comfort on longer routes.^[68] For commercial applications, IC Bus offers adapted versions of its school bus platforms, including the CE Series midsize transit bus with up to 83 passengers, a GVWR range of 23,500 to 30,000 pounds, Cummins B6.7 engine, and Allison automatic transmission for reliable urban and shuttle operations.^[69] The RE Series commercial variant supports demanding city transit routes with diesel power, emphasizing minimal downtime via easy maintenance access and robust construction using high-quality materials.^[70] Smaller AE/AC Series buses, based on the International TerraStar chassis, serve shuttle and accessibility needs but represent a minor portion of output compared to the flagship CE and RE lines. All IC Bus products adhere to rigorous Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and are supported by over 1,000 service locations across North America.^[71]

Engine Manufacturing and Powertrain Solutions

International Motors maintains engine manufacturing capabilities focused on heavy-duty diesel powertrains, with primary production at the Huntsville Powertrain Plant in Alabama, which has assembled over one million engines since opening in 2008.^[72] The facility underwent a 110,000-square-foot expansion completed in 2023 to enable full-scale output of the S13 Integrated Powertrain, with series production commencing on October 18, 2023.^[73] This plant supplies integrated powertrain components to assembly sites in Springfield, Ohio, and Escobedo, Mexico.^[74] The company's engine development history includes the DT-series inline-six diesels, which evolved into the MaxxForce lineup introduced in 2008 to meet EPA 2010 emissions requirements.^[75] MaxxForce engines employed an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-centric approach without selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), aiming to avoid additive costs but resulting in chronic reliability problems such as EGR cooler failures, excessive regeneration cycles, and reduced uptime.^[76] These issues prompted a strategic pivot by 2016, with International Motors adopting Cummins X-series engines (e.g., X15) for most medium- and heavy-duty truck applications to ensure compliance and performance.^[77] Post-2021 Traton Group acquisition, International Motors collaborated on the S13 engine, a clean-sheet 12.7-liter (777 cubic inch) inline-six diesel derived from Scania's Super platform, featuring a 5.12-inch bore and 6.30-inch stroke.^[72] It delivers seven rating options up to 515 horsepower and 1,850 lb-ft of torque at 2,000 RPM, emphasizing low-RPM operation for fewer fuel injections, lower exhaust temperatures, and up to 7% better fuel economy over prior designs.^[78] Key innovations include a double-overhead-cam architecture, optimized piston cooling, and reduced friction via integrated components.^[79] The S13 forms the core of the Integrated Powertrain, paired with a T14 automated transmission and dual-stage aftertreatment system for holistic optimization of combustion efficiency, emissions control, and driveline integration.^[80] This setup minimizes parasitic losses, supports predictive maintenance via connected diagnostics, and achieves EPA and CARB compliance without compromising power density, positioning it as the company's final major internal combustion development before a shift to electrification.^[81] Available in LT, RH, HX, and HV truck series, the powertrain prioritizes total cost of ownership through extended service intervals and lightweight construction, the lightest 13-liter class in North America.^[82]

Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Initiatives

International Motors, through its International Trucks and IC Bus brands, has developed battery-electric vehicles for commercial trucking and school bus applications, with initial production models entering the market in the early 2020s. These initiatives emphasize zero-emission powertrains, regenerative braking, and integration with existing chassis designs to facilitate fleet adoption, supported by comprehensive ownership programs covering up to six years for battery-electric trucks.^[83] By 2023, customer fleets had accumulated over two million miles in all-electric operations across these vehicles.^[84] The International eMV Series, launched in 2020 as a medium-duty battery-electric truck derived from the MV platform, features a 210 kWh battery pack, an electric drive motor, three levels of regenerative braking, and AC/DC charging capabilities including up to 125 kWh DC fast charging, providing a range of approximately 135 miles depending on payload and duty cycle.^[85] In April 2025, International introduced the eRH Series, a Class 8 regional-haul tractor available in 4x2 and 6x4 configurations, with battery options enabling ranges up to 300 miles tailored to drayage and regional fleets.^[86] These models prioritize durability for vocational uses while achieving zero tailpipe emissions.^[87] In the school bus segment, IC Bus offers the Electric CE Series, a fully battery-electric Type C bus built on the established CE chassis, incorporating regenerative braking suited for frequent stop-and-go routes and designed for up to 83 passengers with user-friendly charging and lower total cost of ownership compared to diesel equivalents.^[67] First deployments occurred in mid-2021, with examples including a 2023 order for 42 units to serve 3,100 students in a district fleet, often customized with accessibility features.^[88] IC Bus has positioned this as a market-leading zero-emission option, leveraging the platform's proven safety and propulsion adaptability.^[89] Hybrid initiatives, dating to the 2000s, include plug-in hybrid electric vehicle demonstrations funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, involving deployment of 60 units for testing, and parallel development of hybrid school buses.^[90] Navistar achieved a milestone of over five million real-world hybrid miles by the early 2010s, primarily in commercial applications.^[91] More recent efforts, such as the SuperTruck II program concluded in 2023, integrated hybridization into heavy-duty prototypes, yielding 16 miles per gallon fuel efficiency and a 170% freight efficiency gain over baseline models.^[92] These programs informed transitional technologies amid a shift toward full electrification.^[93]

Navistar Defense Military Vehicles

Navistar Defense LLC, established in 2004 as a division of Navistar International Corporation (now International Motors), specializes in the design, manufacturing, and support of military ground vehicles for the U.S. Department of Defense and international allies.^[94] The division adapts commercial truck chassis and technologies for rugged military applications, emphasizing blast protection, mobility, and logistics sustainment.^[95] By 2018, Navistar Defense had delivered approximately 37,000 medium-, heavy-, and severe-duty vehicles across 28 countries.^[96] A flagship product is the International MaxxPro Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle, first accepted by the U.S. military in 2007.^[97] Featuring a V-shaped hull for IED deflection and modular armor, the MaxxPro was rapidly produced to counter threats in Iraq and Afghanistan, with variants including cargo, ambulance, and recovery configurations.^[95] The U.S. Marine Corps placed multiple orders for MaxxPro units, including contracts exceeding $1 billion for Category I MRAPs.^[98] Navistar Defense offers the MilCOTS (Military Commercial Off-The-Shelf) line, which militarizes commercial chassis for logistics roles such as cargo transport, fuel tankers, and wreckers.^[99] These vehicles provide ergonomic cabs, optional armoring, and proven reliability, with recent contracts including delivery of MilCOTS trucks to Iraq in 2022 and fuel tankers to Egypt in 2024.^[100]^[101] The Special Operations Tactical Vehicle (SOTV) is a 4x4 armored platform designed for high-speed reconnaissance, rapid deployment from helicopters, and special forces missions, powered by a Cummins 4.5-liter engine and capable of B6-level protection.^[102]^[103] In recent developments, the ATLAS (All-Terrain Logistics and Tactical Support) platform—a scalable, modular family of vehicles—has been selected for prototype programs, including the U.S. Marine Corps Medium Tactical Truck (MTT) in 2024 and U.S. Army tactical truck evaluations in 2023.^[104]^[105] These initiatives underscore Navistar Defense's focus on versatile, next-generation tactical mobility. Additionally, in 2023, the division secured a subcontract to produce 10,000 trailers for military vehicles at its West Point, Mississippi facility.^[106]

Joint Ventures and Strategic Partnerships

Active Collaborations

International Motors maintains strategic partnerships with engine supplier Cummins Inc. for powering its medium- and heavy-duty trucks and IC Bus vehicles with Cummins B6.7, L9, and X15 engines, under a long-term supply agreement announced on August 10, 2020, that extends through multiple EPA emission cycles in North America.^[107] This collaboration, building on over 75 years of joint development, positions Cummins as the preferred provider for International's MV, HV, LT, and HX series trucks, as well as CE and RE series buses, emphasizing fuel efficiency and compliance with emissions standards.^[108] In March 2024, International Motors partnered with Plus.ai, alongside TRATON GROUP sister brands Scania and MAN, to integrate Plus's Level 4 SuperDrive autonomous driving system into production-ready International trucks for hub-to-hub freight operations.^[109] The initiative focuses on deploying driverless technology on highways, with initial testing in Texas; by September 8, 2025, International commenced fleet trials of autonomous tractors equipped with the system along the Interstate 35 corridor between Laredo and Dallas, validating performance in real-world conditions prior to broader commercialization.^[110]^[111] International also participates in the Powering America's Commercial Transportation (PACT) coalition, launched in January 2024 with Daimler Truck North America, Volvo Group North America, and other stakeholders, to advocate for and invest in public charging infrastructure supporting battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles.^[112] This multi-OEM effort addresses gaps in heavy-duty EV adoption by promoting standardized fast-charging networks across North America. Additionally, International supports an open telematics ecosystem through Gateway Integrations, which enable seamless data connectivity with third-party providers like Samsara for fleet management, compliance, and analytics using factory-installed hardware on Class 6-8 vehicles.^[113] This framework, standardized since 2022, allows operators to consolidate vehicle data streams without aftermarket devices, reducing costs and enhancing uptime.^[114]

Dissolved or Ended Partnerships

In 2009, Navistar International terminated its long-standing diesel engine supply agreement with Ford Motor Company, effective December 31, following a settlement of litigation over performance and warranty issues dating back to a 1979 contract.^[115] This ended a 30-year collaboration where Navistar provided Power Stroke engines for Ford's Super Duty trucks, amid Navistar's shift toward its proprietary MaxxForce engines to meet emissions standards.^[116] The Blue Diamond joint venture with Ford, focused on manufacturing F-650 and F-750 medium-duty trucks, concluded in early 2015, allowing Ford to internalize production at its Kentucky Truck Plant.^[117] Established in the early 2000s, the partnership had enabled Ford to leverage Navistar's chassis expertise while Navistar gained access to Ford's sales channels, but Ford's strategic decision to consolidate operations led to its dissolution.^[118] Navistar's partnership with Caterpillar Inc., initiated in 2009 to produce Cat-branded vocational trucks such as the CT621, CT630, and CT680 models, ended on July 28, 2015.^[119] Under the agreement, Navistar handled assembly and Caterpillar managed branding and marketing; the termination allowed Caterpillar to develop its own on-highway vocational line in Texas, reflecting diverging priorities in market positioning and cost structures.^[120] In December 2012, Navistar announced its exit from joint ventures with Mahindra & Mahindra in India, completing the sale of its stakes in Mahindra Navistar Automotives Ltd. (for trucks) and Mahindra Navistar Engines Pvt. Ltd. (for powertrains) by February 2013.^[121] Formed in 2005 to localize International-brand trucks for the Indian market, the ventures produced models like the MN series but underperformed, prompting Navistar's "Drive to Deliver" strategy to refocus on core North American operations and reduce overseas exposure.^[122] More recently, in December 2022, Navistar and TuSimple Holdings mutually ended their 2020 partnership to co-develop purpose-built Level 4 autonomous Class 8 trucks, including integration of TuSimple's camera-based system into International HV trucks.^[123] The collaboration had progressed to pilot testing but dissolved amid TuSimple's operational challenges, including regulatory scrutiny and leadership changes, allowing Navistar to pivot toward other autonomous initiatives post-Traton acquisition.^[123]

Business Operations and Strategy

Manufacturing Facilities and Supply Chain

Navistar International Corporation operates several key manufacturing facilities across North America dedicated to the assembly of International trucks, IC Bus vehicles, and related components. The Springfield Assembly Plant, located at 6125 Urbana Road in Springfield, Ohio, is the primary site for producing medium- and heavy-duty trucks, including models like the MV Series and HV Series, with operations emphasizing just-in-time manufacturing to support North American distribution.^[124] This facility, which has been a cornerstone of truck production since the company's early assembly operations, integrates advanced automation for cab and chassis assembly.^[74] The San Antonio Manufacturing Plant in San Antonio, Texas, opened on March 23, 2022, following a $250 million investment, and focuses on assembling Classes 6-8 diesel- and electric-powered trucks, complementing existing U.S. operations by enhancing capacity for severe-duty and vocational vehicles.^[125] Situated along Interstate 35, the plant's location optimizes logistics by connecting southern U.S. supply bases with Mexican operations, and it created approximately 600 jobs upon launch.^[126] In Mexico, the Escobedo Assembly Plant in Escobedo, Nuevo León, handles truck assembly to leverage regional manufacturing efficiencies and proximity to supply chains, supplying vehicles primarily for export and North American markets.^[74] The Huntsville Manufacturing Plant in Huntsville, Alabama, supports these assembly sites by producing components such as axles and frames, which are shipped to Springfield and Escobedo for final integration.^[74] For IC Bus production, the Tulsa Bus Assembly Plant at 2322 N. Mingo Road in Tulsa, Oklahoma, manufactures school and commercial buses, incorporating specialized chassis from International's truck lines.^[124] Navistar's supply chain emphasizes Tier 1 suppliers for production components across its facilities, with centralized management handling sourcing, quality assessments, and logistics to ensure compliance with internal guidelines updated as of January 2025. The company maintains a North American focus, integrating Mexican operations for cost-effective assembly while mitigating risks through diversified sourcing and sustainability practices introduced in 2023, such as supplier audits for environmental and ethical standards.^[127] This structure supports just-in-time delivery, reducing inventory costs, though it has historically faced challenges from cross-border dependencies, as evidenced by the strategic positioning of facilities along key corridors like Interstate 35.^[128] Post-acquisition by Traton Group in 2021, supply chain efficiencies have been enhanced through shared Volkswagen Truck & Bus platforms, improving parts availability for International products.^[129]

Workforce and Labor Practices

Navistar International Corporation, operating as International Motors, employed approximately 14,500 workers as of fiscal year ending October 31, 2024, primarily in manufacturing, engineering, and assembly roles across its U.S. facilities in states including Illinois, Ohio, Texas, and Alabama.^[130] The company's global workforce, including subsidiaries, exceeds 15,200 employees, supporting production of trucks, buses, and engines at plants such as those in Springfield, Ohio, and Huntsville, Alabama.^[3] Labor relations have historically involved tensions with the United Auto Workers (UAW), including a major strike in October 2007 where over 4,000 UAW members at 11 locals across six states walked out against International Truck and Engine Corporation (now Navistar), protesting work rules and compensation amid contract negotiations.^[131] The action, lasting several weeks, highlighted disputes over healthcare costs and job security but ended with a ratified agreement. More recently, in August 2025, workers at Navistar's Huntsville, Alabama, plant voted against UAW representation, with the union alleging employer intimidation tactics including coercion and surveillance, though the National Labor Relations Board outcome remains pending.^[132] Navistar has maintained non-union status at several facilities, resisting broader UAW organizing efforts that have succeeded at competitors like General Motors. On workplace safety, Navistar reports adherence to industry standards, with its 2023 sustainability disclosures noting efforts to reduce injury frequencies below the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics benchmark of 4.8 incidents per 100 full-time workers in heavy-duty truck manufacturing as of 2020 data.^[127] The company's code of conduct prioritizes employee safety, prohibiting violence or threats and mandating compliance with occupational health regulations.^[133] Wage and hour practices have faced scrutiny, including a June 2025 settlement of $450,000 with a former employee over automatic meal break deductions that allegedly violated the Fair Labor Standards Act by not accounting for interrupted breaks.^[134] An ongoing lawsuit as of August 2024 challenges Navistar's overtime calculations and missed meal compensation policies, claiming systemic underpayment.^[135] Diversity initiatives include a supplier diversity program established as the first among U.S. truck manufacturers, aimed at inclusive procurement, though workforce demographics align with industry norms where professional drivers are predominantly male and non-Hispanic white.^[136] Navistar's post-2021 integration under Traton SE (Volkswagen Group) has emphasized operational efficiencies, including employee idea submissions for sustainable practices, with 184 proposals received in 2023 for circular economy implementations.^[127] International Motors, as the North American arm of the Traton Group following its full acquisition in 2021, reported segment revenue exceeding $11 billion in 2024, reflecting a modest increase of approximately $74 million from the prior year amid stabilizing post-pandemic supply chains and demand recovery in commercial vehicles.^[4] The company delivered 90,600 trucks, buses, and related vehicles globally in 2024, with Class 8 heavy-duty truck sales totaling 26,500 units in the United States, down 28.8% from 37,200 units in 2023 due to softer freight volumes and inventory adjustments across the industry.^[4]^[137] In the first half of 2025, International Motors faced headwinds from reduced order backlogs and macroeconomic pressures, including elevated interest rates and freight market normalization, resulting in a decline in adjusted operating return on sales to 2.8% from 3.9% in the comparable 2024 period.^[138] Unit sales for trucks and buses dropped notably, with Q1 2025 volumes at 13,702 units (a 27% year-over-year decrease) and Q3 2025 at 13,400 units (down 57% from an exceptionally strong prior-year quarter influenced by pre-buy activity ahead of emissions regulations).^[139]^[140] These trends contributed to Traton Group's downward revision of its full-year 2025 outlook, projecting adjusted operating return on sales of 6.0-7.0% group-wide, citing persistent uncertainty in North American demand.^[141] Market share for International Motors in the U.S. heavy-duty segment remained competitive but pressured in 2025, holding roughly 10-12% of Class 8 sales based on monthly data where it trailed leaders like Freightliner (39% share in select periods) while benefiting from vocational and medium-duty strengths.^[142] Medium-duty sales (Classes 4-7) softened industry-wide, with August 2025 U.S. volumes down nearly 30% year-over-year, reflecting broader cyclical downturns rather than company-specific issues.^[143] The rebranding to International Motors in October 2024 emphasized integrated powertrain solutions and dealer network efficiencies, aiming to bolster long-term positioning amid electric vehicle transitions and regulatory shifts.^[144]

Technological Innovations and R&D Focus

Navistar International Corporation, operating under the International brand, maintains a robust research and development (R&D) infrastructure emphasizing advanced manufacturing integration, software-defined vehicles, and efficiency-enhancing technologies. Key facilities include the Lisle, Illinois headquarters and R&D center, relocated with over $100 million in investments to consolidate vehicle development and testing functions.^[145] The San Antonio, Texas plant, opened in March 2022, incorporates Industry 4.0 principles such as digital factories, connected machinery, and cloud-based analytics for real-time predictive maintenance and quality control, while expanding R&D capabilities in software and autonomous systems through a planned Advanced Technology Center.^[125] Additionally, the 2020 establishment of an eMobility center in Rochester Hills, Michigan, supports design and production advancements in connectivity and software architectures adaptable to evolving vehicle platforms.^[146] A primary R&D focus involves autonomous driving technologies, exemplified by the September 2025 initiation of Level 4 fleet trials using the SuperDrive system developed in partnership with PlusAI. This end-to-end AI-driven solution, trained on real-world data and equipped with multimodal sensors including imaging radar and lidar, enables driverless operations adaptable to new routes and geographies, targeting hub-to-hub freight on corridors like Interstate 35 between Laredo and Dallas, Texas.^[147] ^[148] Complementary efforts in vehicle connectivity prioritize open-architecture platforms, such as OnCommand Connection, the industry's first remote diagnostics system providing fleet-wide insights across makes and models, and integrations like the Virtual Vehicle solution with Platform Science for seamless access to telematics, real-time data, and third-party applications.^[149] ^[150] Efficiency innovations stem from programs like SuperTruck II, a U.S. Department of Energy co-funded initiative achieving 170% freight-ton efficiency gains through hybrid powertrains, 55.2% brake thermal efficiency, lightweight composite materials, and aerodynamic optimizations including solar-integrated panels yielding 16 miles per gallon in real-world tests.^[93] These advancements align with the company's Vision 2025 strategy, which directs R&D toward scalable software updates, over-the-air calibrations (e.g., for Cummins X15 engines via OnCommand), and integrated powertrain connectivity to reduce downtime and optimize performance without hardware overhauls.^[151] Such efforts underscore a shift toward data-driven, modular designs that enhance operational reliability and fuel economy in commercial trucking applications.

Controversies and Regulatory Challenges

Accounting Irregularities and Audits

In the early 2000s, Navistar International Corporation engaged in accounting practices that resulted in the overstatement of pre-tax income by approximately $137 million across fiscal years 2001 through 2005.^[152] The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) determined that these irregularities stemmed primarily from fraudulent manipulations involving vendor rebates and warranty reserves, including the premature recognition of rebates not earned under contractual terms and the inadequate provisioning for anticipated warranty costs on engines and vehicles.^[152] Navistar's former CEO, Daniel C. Ustian, directed subordinates to override internal accounting judgments to achieve targeted financial results, contributing to material misstatements in quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC.^[152] The company self-disclosed some discrepancies to regulators in 2006, leading to multiple financial restatements and a prolonged audit process.^[153] Navistar's internal controls over financial reporting were deemed deficient, with weaknesses in oversight of rebate accounting, warranty estimations, and revenue recognition, prompting the restatement of earnings for affected periods and necessitating over $200 million in expenditures to reconstruct audits for 2002–2005 and complete the 2005 audit.^[154] In August 2010, the SEC issued a cease-and-desist order against Navistar and Ustian, requiring the company to pay a $12 million civil penalty and Ustian a $1.15 million penalty, while neither admitted nor denied the findings.^[152] These events highlighted systemic failures in corporate governance, as internal audit functions were undermined by pressure from senior management to align financial results with performance expectations.^[155] Audits conducted by Deloitte & Touche, Navistar's external auditor from 1907 until early 2006, came under scrutiny for failing to detect the irregularities.^[156] The SEC investigated Deloitte's 2003 Navistar audit in 2005, amid broader concerns over the firm's audit quality following prior settlements.^[157] In April 2011, Navistar filed a lawsuit in Illinois state court against Deloitte, alleging fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of contract, and professional malpractice in connection with the 2002–2005 audits, seeking $500 million in compensatory and punitive damages.^[156] Navistar claimed Deloitte resigned abruptly under regulatory pressure rather than addressing known issues, leaving the company to hire KPMG LLP for remediation.^[153] The suit underscored debates over auditor independence, as Deloitte allegedly overlooked red flags in management override and reserve manipulations despite access to contradictory evidence.^[154] Separately, in May 2021, Navistar Defense LLC, a subsidiary, settled False Claims Act allegations with the U.S. Department of Justice for $50 million over fraudulent pricing practices on a U.S. Navy contract for MaxxPro Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle suspension systems from 2007 to 2011.^[158] The settlement addressed claims of inflated prices through forged sales invoices and misleading commercial pricing data, which misrepresented costs to secure government reimbursement, though this pertained more to contract billing than core financial reporting.^[159] These incidents reflect recurring challenges in Navistar's financial transparency, particularly in high-stakes defense and commercial dealings, but post-2010 reforms under new leadership and SEC oversight improved reporting controls, as evidenced by subsequent clean audit opinions from KPMG.^[160]

Emissions Non-Compliance and MaxxForce Engine Litigation

Navistar International Corporation pursued an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-only technology strategy for its MaxxForce diesel engines to comply with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2010 heavy-duty engine emissions standards, which mandated a reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions to 0.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour.^[33] Unlike competitors such as Cummins, Caterpillar, and PACCAR, which adopted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems requiring diesel exhaust fluid, Navistar claimed its advanced EGR design—featuring high rates of exhaust recirculation without aftertreatment—would achieve compliance across the full duty cycle.^[161] The company received EPA certification for MaxxForce 11-, 13-, and 15-liter engines in model years 2011–2014, relying on banked NOx credits to offset projected deficits during development.^[33] Real-world testing and operational data revealed significant shortcomings, with MaxxForce engines frequently exceeding NOx limits and suffering reliability issues, including EGR cooler failures, turbocharger malfunctions, and unexpected shutdowns that increased downtime and repair costs.^[161] ^[162] In June 2012, Navistar conceded that pure EGR could not meet stringent California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards, announcing a shift to hybrid EGR-SCR systems for future models, which effectively validated critics' assessments of the technology's limitations.^[163] Independent audits and fleet reports confirmed the engines' inability to sustain certified emissions levels under varied loads, prompting regulatory investigations into certification validity and contributing to Navistar's market share erosion from overconfident public statements.^[33] The EPA initiated enforcement in July 2015, alleging Navistar violated the Clean Air Act by installing 7,749 uncertified heavy-duty diesel engines—built to 2009 specifications without 2010 certificates of conformity—into 2010 model-year vehicles between January and October 2010.^[30] This non-compliance allowed excess NOx emissions estimated in the thousands of tons, undermining the standards' environmental goals. In October 2021, Navistar settled with the EPA and Department of Justice, agreeing to a $52 million civil penalty, forfeiture of remaining NOx credits, destruction of approximately 4,600 older non-road engines to offset 10,000 tons of future NOx, and implementation of mitigation projects prioritizing overburdened communities.^[31] Private litigation focused on the MaxxForce engines' defects, with multiple class-action suits filed by truck owners alleging breach of warranties, fraud, and unconscionable design choices that rendered vehicles unreliable and non-compliant in practice.^[161] A major federal class action covering about 66,000 trucks from 45,000 plaintiffs settled in January 2020 for $135 million, providing cash payments up to $2,500 per truck, rebates up to $10,000 toward new purchases, or reimbursement up to $15,000 for documented losses, without Navistar admitting liability.^[161] Additional settlements included a $14.5 million class resolution in 2024 for emissions system defects in 2011–2013 models, offering monthly rebates scaled by year (e.g., $95.24 for 2013 vehicles).^[164] These outcomes stemmed from evidence that the EGR-centric design prioritized cost avoidance over proven efficacy, leading to pervasive failures not anticipated in certification testing.^[162]

Product Recalls and Customer Lawsuits

Navistar International Corporation, manufacturer of International brand trucks, has initiated numerous recalls for defects in mechanical and electrical systems, often involving safety components that could lead to loss of vehicle control or fire hazards. These actions, typically reported through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) or manufacturer disclosures, affected tens of thousands of units across models like LT, ProStar, HV, MV, and DuraStar, with issues including steering components, brakes, transmissions, and HVAC systems.^[165]^[166] A significant recall occurred in June 2022, encompassing over 31,000 model-year 2016-2022 International LT, ProStar, and other trucks, as well as IC Bus school buses, due to improper heat treatment of hex flange lock nuts in the steering intermediate shaft assembly; this defect risked nut loosening, potentially causing steering detachment and increasing crash risk.^[167] In December 2019, Navistar recalled 12,539 International trucks (models including HV, LT, and ProStar from 2017-2020) for a software error in the electronic parking brake control module that could allow unintended vehicle movement even when parked, heightening rollover or collision dangers.^[168]^[169] Transmission-related defects prompted a 2019 recall of nearly 21,000 units across 2018-2019 models such as HX, LT, LoneStar, and WorkStar, where the park pawl pin retention clip might dislodge, enabling the vehicle to roll away unexpectedly. Brake issues featured in multiple actions, including a 2021 recall of about 1,400 International trucks for front and rear brake air line chafing that could cause air leaks and brake failure, and a 2023 recall of tens of thousands of DuraStar, ProStar, and other models for anti-lock braking system sensor wiring damage risking non-deployment of brakes.^[170]^[165]^[171] More recent recalls addressed fire and seat restraint risks: In June 2024, NHTSA noted a fire hazard in certain International MV trucks from wiring harness chafing near the exhaust system. In January 2024, nearly 300 severe- and medium-duty trucks (2024 HV and MV) were recalled for driver's seat belt tether bolts that may not be torqued properly, potentially weakening restraint during crashes. HVAC defects led to a 2023 recall of tens of thousands of International trucks for blower motor resistors that could overheat and ignite.^[172]^[173]^[166] Customer lawsuits over non-emissions product defects have been less prevalent in public records compared to engine-related claims, with affected owners typically pursuing remedies through recall repairs or warranty disputes rather than mass litigation; however, individual suits have arisen from alleged failures in steering and brake components contributing to accidents, often settled privately or via insurance channels without broad class certification.^[174]^[175]

Competitive Bidding Disputes

In 2021, Navistar Defense, a subsidiary of Navistar International Corporation (formerly International Harvester), agreed to pay $50 million to settle allegations under the False Claims Act that it submitted fraudulent sales histories during competitive bidding for U.S. Marine Corps contracts.^[158] The Department of Justice alleged that Navistar presented forged invoices and misleading documents to the government, inflating prices for Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles and other equipment by portraying non-armor sales as comparable armored vehicle transactions.^[158] This qui tam whistleblower case, initiated by former Navistar employee Duquoin Burgess in 2015, claimed the company knowingly violated federal procurement rules to secure favorable pricing in bids evaluated against competitors.^[176] The settlement resolved civil claims without admission of liability, but highlighted systemic issues in defense contracting where historical sales data influences bid evaluations.^[177] Navistar also challenged the U.S. Army's procurement practices in federal court, contesting sole-source awards to competitor Oshkosh Defense that bypassed competitive bidding. In a 2019 lawsuit filed in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, Navistar argued that the Army's decision to award a $476.2 million contract for Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) without competition was arbitrary and failed to justify urgency under federal acquisition regulations.^[178] The court ruled against Navistar in January 2020, upholding the Army's rationale that prior competitive awards and production continuity warranted the sole-source extension, emphasizing deference to agency expertise in national security procurements.^[179] This dispute underscored tensions in military truck bidding, where incumbency advantages often limit re-competition despite statutory preferences for open processes.^[179] Earlier instances include a 1986 Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of International Harvester's (Navistar's predecessor) practices amid bankruptcy-related litigation, where the firm faced scrutiny for inadequate competitive bidding in handling government truck orders from capable suppliers.^[180] In 2012, Navistar was excluded from a U.S. Postal Service next-generation delivery vehicle contract competition, losing to competitors amid broader market share erosion, though no formal dispute ensued.^[181] These cases reflect recurring challenges for Navistar in government and defense sectors, where bidding integrity and procurement transparency have drawn federal oversight, contributing to financial penalties totaling over $50 million in the 2021 resolution alone.^[159]

Legacy and Industry Impact

Key Achievements in Trucking and Agriculture

International Harvester revolutionized row-crop farming with the introduction of the Farmall tractor in 1924, the first commercially successful model designed for cultivating crops planted in rows, which enabled precise mechanical operations between plants and accelerated the transition from horse-drawn to powered agriculture across the United States.^[182] This innovation, featuring narrow front wheels for row navigation and a power take-off for mounted implements, boosted farm productivity by integrating multiple tasks like plowing, planting, and cultivating into a single machine.^[183] By the 1940s, Farmall models dominated the U.S. tractor market, with the Farmall H exemplifying two-plow capacity that converted small farms to mechanized operations more effectively than competitors.^[184]^[185] In agricultural harvesting, International Harvester achieved a breakthrough in 1943 with the first successful spindle cotton picker, mounted on a Farmall H tractor, which automated the labor-intensive process of cotton collection and reduced reliance on manual harvesting amid wartime labor shortages.^[186] The company further advanced tractor technology in the 1960s with the International and Farmall 656, introducing the first hydrostatic transmission for infinitely variable speeds, enhancing operator control and efficiency in varied field conditions.^[187] In trucking, International Harvester laid foundational milestones by launching its first commercial truck, the Model S, in 1915 for urban delivery, followed by the S Series in 1921 and A Series in 1930, which supported heavier loads over longer distances and established the brand's reputation for durable heavy-duty vehicles.^[6]^[10] Navistar, the successor focused on trucks, advanced fuel efficiency through the SuperTruck II initiative, achieving 16 miles per gallon in Class 8 operations and a 170% freight efficiency gain via hybridization and aerodynamic improvements by 2023.^[188] Additionally, the 2013 launch of OnCommand Connection pioneered connected diagnostics for trucks, enabling real-time monitoring to minimize downtime across fleets.^[189] These developments underscore International's enduring contributions to reliable, efficient transport solutions in North American trucking.^[11]

Criticisms of Strategic Decisions and Regulatory Responses

Navistar International Corporation's strategic choice to develop proprietary exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-only technology for its MaxxForce diesel engines, rather than adopting the industry-standard selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems combined with EGR, drew significant criticism for prioritizing short-term cost avoidance over long-term compliance and performance. Under CEO Daniel Ustian, the company invested billions in this approach starting around 2007, aiming to meet 2010 EPA emissions standards without the added expense and operational complexity of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) required by SCR. Critics, including industry analysts, argued this decision reflected overconfidence in unproven technology, leading to engines that frequently failed real-world durability tests, emitted higher-than-allowed NOx levels, and suffered reliability issues like frequent failures and reduced fuel efficiency.^[190]^[38] The strategy's fallout included a sharp decline in market share—from about 20% in heavy-duty trucks pre-2010 to under 10% by 2012—as customers shifted to competitors' more reliable SCR-equipped engines from manufacturers like Cummins and Volvo. Navistar's refusal to pivot earlier exacerbated financial strain, contributing to billions in losses, multiple downgrades by credit agencies, and a near-bankruptcy situation by 2016, which was averted only through a partnership with Volkswagen Truck & Bus for SCR technology integration. Ustian was ousted in August 2012 amid these failures, with board members citing the emissions program's mismanagement as a key factor; the SEC later charged Navistar and Ustian in 2016 with misleading investors about certification progress, resulting in a $7.5 million penalty without admission of wrongdoing.^[191]^[37]^[38] Regulatory responses intensified scrutiny, with the EPA granting Navistar temporary certificates of conformity in 2012 for non-compliant engines but imposing per-engine penalties up to $2,000, a move challenged by rivals like Daimler and Volvo as favoritism; a federal appeals court invalidated this in December 2013, ruling the EPA exceeded its authority. In October 2021, Navistar settled Clean Air Act violations for 2010 MaxxForce engines by paying a $52 million civil penalty, forfeiting NOx credits, and mitigating 10,000 tons of NOx through scrapping older engines, without admitting liability. Critics of Navistar's regulatory engagements, including its multiple lawsuits against the EPA challenging SCR approvals as permitting tampering, viewed these as delaying tactics that prolonged non-compliance rather than addressing root technical deficiencies.^[30]^[192]^[193] Navistar's eventual response involved abandoning pure EGR by 2013-2014, incorporating SCR in newer models, and settling customer lawsuits—such as a 2017 Tennessee judgment of $30.8 million for fraud and consumer protection violations over ProStar trucks with MaxxForce engines, later partially appealed. These shifts, while stabilizing operations post-2016 Volkswagen alliance, underscored criticisms that earlier adaptation could have avoided an estimated $1-2 billion in cumulative penalties, recalls, and lost sales, highlighting a pattern of strategic intransigence in regulatory environments demanding verifiable emissions reductions.^[194]^[190]

Long-Term Contributions to Transportation Infrastructure

International Harvester's introduction of motorized trucks as early as 1907 pioneered the shift from horse-drawn and rail-dependent freight to road-based transport, creating demand for expanded and improved highway networks across rural and urban America. These early "auto-wagons," designed for farmers and commercial use, facilitated more flexible goods movement, which pressured governments to invest in paved roads; by 1920, U.S. road mileage had doubled from pre-motorization levels to support such vehicles.^[195]^[10] In the mid-20th century, the company's heavy-duty trucks and construction equipment played a key role in building the Interstate Highway System, enacted via the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which constructed 41,000 miles of controlled-access highways by the 1970s. International's wheel loaders, scrapers, and off-highway trucks enabled efficient earthmoving and material handling for road grading, paving, and bridge projects, while their semis hauled aggregates and asphalt, accelerating national connectivity and commerce. Cab-over-engine models introduced in the 1950s, such as the Transtar series, complied with length regulations and maximized trailer capacity, enhancing highway freight efficiency and influencing load standards for infrastructure design.^[196]^[197]^[198] Navistar, succeeding International Harvester's truck division in 1986, sustained these contributions through durable medium- and heavy-duty vehicles integral to logistics networks, where trucks now handle over 60% of U.S. freight by ton-miles. Historical innovations in diesel powertrains and chassis durability supported post-war economic booms, while recent efforts like SuperTruck II collaborations with the U.S. Department of Energy have improved freight efficiency by up to 100% in fuel economy demonstrations, informing resilient, low-emission infrastructure adaptations.^[199]^[93]

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Nov 7, 2020 · Finalisation of the deal comes after Traton said on Oct. 16 it had agreed to raise its bid for Navistar to $44.50 per share, up from $43, ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[48]
Navistar and TRATON: Reach definitive agreement
Nov 7, 2020 · TRATON and Navistar Reach Definitive Agreement for Acquisition of Navistar at USD 44.50 Per Share in Cash · MUNICH & LISLE, Ill., November 7, ...
[49]
VW's Traton approved by regulators to acquire Navistar | Overdrive
Jun 30, 2021 · The buyout of Navistar, maker of International Trucks, is expected to be completed Thursday, July 1. Also: FMCSA officially delays ...
[50]
TRATON GROUP: completes Navistar merger
Jul 1, 2021 · Munich, July 1, 2021 – The TRATON GROUP is welcoming a new member of the family: Navistar. The certificate of merger that was submitted ...Missing: date | Show results with:date<|separator|>
[51]
TRATON GROUP Successfully Completes Navistar Merger and ...
Jul 1, 2021 · The TRATON GROUP is welcoming a new member of the family: Navistar. The certificate of merger that was submitted today successfully completes the closing.Missing: 2000-2009 | Show results with:2000-2009
[52]
Traton Finalizes Navistar Acquisition - For Construction Pros
Jul 1, 2021 · The TRATON GROUP now holds all Navistar common shares. Navistar is to be delisted and deregistered with the SEC during July 2021. The addition ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[53]
Navistar to Rebrand as International Motors - TT - Transport Topics
Sep 25, 2024 · In a rebranding that reaches back to the company's origins, Navistar Inc. will on Oct. 1 adopt the new name of International Motors.
[54]
Navistar announces rebrand and name change to International
Navistar, Inc. today announced its plan to rebrand and change its name to International Motors, LLC (International), effective October 1.
[55]
Navistar rebrands as International Motors, revs up trucking solutions ...
The 120-year-old truck manufacturer is rebranding as International Motors, signaling a strategic shift toward comprehensive fleet and transportation solutions.
[56]
VW Group-owned Navistar rebrands as International Motors
Sep 26, 2024 · Navistar International Corp., which was acquired by Volkswagen Group via its heavy-truck unit Traton in 2021, is rebranding as International Motors on Oct. 1.Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[57]
Trucks | International®
International offers medium-duty trucks with maneuverability, heavy-duty trucks for long or short distances, and severe-duty trucks that are rugged and ...Cv series explore · Legacy Models · LT® Series · Mv series exploreMissing: division | Show results with:division
[58]
Our Company | International®
We build International trucks and engines and IC Bus® school and commercial buses, as well as develop Fleetrite aftermarket parts.People · Vision and Strategy · Contact Us · LocationsMissing: division | Show results with:division
[59]
CV™ Series | International®
The CV Series has up to 350 hp, 750 lb-ft torque, a V8 turbocharged diesel engine, and is designed for class 5/6 trucks.Missing: division | Show results with:division
[60]
International Unveils Revamped Class 8 HV Vocational Trucks - TT
Sep 18, 2024 · Series production of the updated HV 509, HV 515, HV 609 and HV 615 models is due to start in June 2025, executives said.
[61]
[PDF] 2020 Factbook
We design and manufacture proprietary diesel engines for our International branded trucks. ▫ Parts – We support our International brand commercial trucks, IC ...
[62]
https://myntransportblog.wordpress.com/2014/04/05/buses-international-corporation-a-navistar-company/
[63]
IC Corporation - Encyclopedia of Arkansas
Jun 22, 2024 · IC Corporation was founded in 1933 by blacksmith David H. Ward as Ward Body Works, a company that originally made school bus bodies from wood.
[64]
Buses INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION a NAVISTAR Company
Apr 5, 2014 · In 1991, one-third of AmTran was purchased by Navistar International, with the option to purchase the rest of the company in 1995, which was done.<|separator|>
[65]
IC Bus | Logopedia | Fandom
In 2002, Navistar's bus subsidiary underwent another branding change, this time to "IC Bus." American Transportation Corporation was formally renamed IC ...
[66]
ICBus | CE Series Type C School Bus - Up to 83 Passengers
A bus that has some of the latest safety technology, is built with high-quality materials, offers forward-thinking propulsion options and provides drivers with ...
[67]
2024 IC BUS School CE Series Base - Worldwide Equipment
Year 2024 · Manufacturer IC BUS · Model Name School CE Series · Trim Name Base · Generic Type (Primary) School Bus · Engine Cummins® B6.7 · Engine Power 220-260 HP.
[68]
IC Bus Launches the Next Generation CE Series - Jul 14, 2023
Jul 14, 2023 · The new school bus, available in electric and diesel powertrain options, provides customers efficient operations, enhanced driver comforts, improved total cost ...
[69]
ICBus | CE Electric School Bus
A zero emission school bus option with a lower total cost of ownership and user-friendly options and features.
[70]
IC Bus
250,000 Units Mark Moment in Deep IC Bus History. After 25 years in operation and 250,000 units (and counting) coming from the IC Bus, LLC (IC Bus) Tulsa Bus ...CE Series School Bus · RE Series School Bus · IC Bus 360 · Sales & Service
[71]
Midsize Commercial Transit Bus - CE Series | ICBus
CE Series Commercial Bus · Up to 83. passenger capacity · Cummins® B6.7. Engine · Allison Automatic. Transmission · 23,500-30,000 lb. GVWR.
[72]
Diesel Buses - Commercial & City Transit - RE Series | ICBus
Our largest-capacity commercial bus, RE Series is a diesel-engine commercial bus that can handle the toughest routes with minimal downtime and easy maintenance ...
[73]
IC Bus - Superior Products - ICBus
IC buses are made in Tulsa, Oklahoma with high quality materials, rigorous safety standards, and have 1,000 service locations in North America.
[74]
International S13 powertrain ushers in new era of efficiency ...
Dec 24, 2024 · The heart of the new Alabama-built powertrain is a 13-liter International S13 engine and its seven engine rating options, offering up to 515 ...
[75]
Navistar Celebrates the Start of the International® S13 Integrated ...
Oct 18, 2023 · Navistar recently completed a 110,000-sq.-ft. expansion of the Huntsville Powertrain Plant to support the production of the new S13 Integrated ...
[76]
Production Plants | International®
The Huntsville Plant currently supplies our vehicle assembly plants in Springfield, Ohio and Escobedo, Mexico. A large warehouse with trucks and cars. SAN ...
[77]
Navistar MaxxForce DT466E - MotorTrend
Mar 15, 2016 · The 7.6L (466ci) inline-six engine's current and most powerful variant makes 860 lb-ft of torque at 1,300 rpm and 300 hp at 2,200 rpm. This is ...
[78]
Goodbye Maxxforce | Daily Diesel Dose
Sep 28, 2014 · The Maxxforce lines of engines produced by International are a failure. At least the larger bore models for class 8 semis.
[79]
A Brief History of Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Emissions in North ...
Jul 26, 2024 · The 11 and 13 liter MaxxForce engines were added to the product line in 2010. To say they did not perform as advertised is an understatement.<|control11|><|separator|>
[80]
S13® Integrated Powertrain | International®
The International S13 Integrated Powertrain is our most advanced, fuel-efficient and streamlined powertrain, available in the LT, RH, HX, and HV series.
[81]
[PDF] S13SPECIFICATIONS T14BENEFITS A/TBENEFITS
The International S13 Integrated Powertrain was designed with fleets in mind. Not only can fleets benefit from exceptional fuel economy but they also get.
[82]
news: Navistar introduces International® S13 Integrated Powertrain
Aug 17, 2023 · The S13 Integrated Powertrain features a clean sheet design with the S13 engine, T14 transmission and 'dual stage' aftertreatment developed and ...<|separator|>
[83]
Navistar's new internal combustion engine will be its last
Aug 16, 2022 · Navistar's S13 integrated powertrain will be the truck manufacturer's last internal combustion engine as the trucking industry decarbonizes.
[84]
International S13 Powertrain Specs - Westrux
With seven engine rating options, the S13 Engine packs a punch, delivering up to 515 hp and 1,850 lb. -ft. of torque at just 2,000 RPM.
[85]
Navistar Provides Peace of Mind with New Ownership Solutions for ...
May 20, 2024 · This suite of comprehensive ownership solutions is available for either five or six years on every new battery-electric truck purchase and ...Missing: hybrid initiatives
[86]
Electric Truck Two Million Miles Driven | International®
Electric vehicle customers across our brands have driven over two million hard-working and efficient all-electric miles.
[87]
eMV™ Series | International®
Built on the tried, tested and trusted MV™ Series, the International® eMV™ Series is the perfect electric truck for medium-duty applications.
[88]
International Introduces the Next Evolution in Electric Vehicle Offerings
Apr 23, 2025 · The eRH Series is available in 4x2 and 6x4 axle configurations, and offers a range of up to 300 miles, depending on configuration, battery capacity, and use.
[89]
Electric Vehicles - International
Powered by an innovative all-electric powertrain and zero tailpipe emissions, the International eMV™ Series bridges toughness and technology to reduce fuel and ...
[90]
IC Bus Supports Customers' Electric School Bus Adoption
Apr 18, 2023 · ... IC Bus electric CE Series buses to transport 3,100 children to 42 area schools. All EV school buses were upfitted with special features ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[91]
Electric CE Series - IC Bus
The Electric CE Series features a 100% electric powertrain mounted on the tried-and-true CE platform. In fact, this revolutionary bus includes all the ...
[92]
Navistar Awarded Department of Energy Funding for Plug-in Hybrid ...
As part of the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Technology Acceleration and Deployment Activity program, Navistar will develop and deploy 60 plug-in ...Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives
[93]
Navistar First OEM to Reach 5 Million Hybrid Miles - Newsroom
Navistar become the first original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to accumulate more than 5 million real-world miles in the hands of customers.Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives<|separator|>
[94]
Navistar reveals International SuperTruck II results
Jun 28, 2023 · International SuperTruck II demonstrates 16 miles per gallon (MPG) fuel efficiency through hybridization and a 170% improvement in freight efficiency.
[95]
SuperTruck II | International®
Results from International® SuperTruck II demonstrate innovative vehicle efficiency improvements and advancements to high-voltage electrification.Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives
[96]
[PDF] Navistar Defense's Plant in West Point, Mississippi - CAVS Extension
In order to meet this need, the Department of Defense (DoD) authorized the expedited acquisition of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) wheeled vehicle ...
[97]
ND Defense | Military Vehicles & Battlefield Systems
ND Defense manufactures military vehicles like MaxxPro®, ATLAS®, and MilCOTS, providing life cycle support and battlefield systems to US military and ...Contact UsSOTV
[98]
Cerberus to Acquire 70% Interest in Navistar Defense - TT
Dec 4, 2018 · Since 2004, Lisle, Ill. -based Navistar Defense has delivered approximately 37,000 medium-, heavy- and severe-service vehicles across 28 ...Missing: establishment | Show results with:establishment
[99]
MRAP M1224 MaxxPro - AFV Database
Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle M1224 MaxxPro1-8. M1224: General. Date of first acceptance, 2007. Manufacturer, Navistar Defense, Crew ...
[100]
U.S. Marine Corps Ordering More Category 1 MRAP Units From ...
... MRAP's totaling over $1.045 billion. The International® MaxxPro™ military vehicle is the Category I MRAP offering from International Military and Government ...
[101]
MilCOTS - International® Chassis Vehicles - ND Defense
ND Defense MilCOTS vehicles: Rugged, versatile, and adaptable for diverse missions. Ergonomic cabs and flexible armoring ensure safe and efficient ...
[102]
Navistar Defense to Provide MilCOTS Vehicles to Iraq - Al Defaiya
Mar 23, 2022 · Navistar Defense provides a complete portfolio of both tactical and commercial off-the-shelf military vehicles, as well as custom-tailored ...<|separator|>
[103]
NAVISTAR DEFENSE AWARDED CONTRACT TO DELIVER FUEL ...
Feb 20, 2024 · “Navistar Defense's MilCOTS vehicles combine proven commercial technologies with militarized capabilities, resulting in superior logistics and ...
[104]
SOTV - Special Operations Tactical Vehicle - ND Defense
The SOTV is a purpose-built armored vehicle for reconnaissance and quick reaction, designed for military, special forces, security, NGO or diplomatic users.
[105]
International Special Operations Tactical Vehicle (SOTV)
Sep 23, 2014 · The SOTV is powered by MaxxForce 6.0L V8 turbo inter-cooled, four-stroke, direct electronic injection diesel engine from Navistar Defense.
[106]
All Terrain Logistics and Tactical Support (ATLAS) - ND Defense
The ND Defense ATLAS is a highly common, scalable, and modular platform that can handle the full spectrum of mission roles.
[107]
NAVISTAR DEFENSE DOWN SELECTED FOR U.S. MARINE ...
Feb 2, 2024 · The Navistar Defense offering is based on its ATLAS® vehicle, which is a highly common, scalable, and modular platform that can handle the full ...
[108]
Navistar to make 10,000 military vehicle trailers - Commercial Dispatch
Aug 19, 2023 · Vehicle manufacturer Navistar Defense has obtained a subcontract to produce 10000 truck trailers at its West Point plant.
[109]
Cummins and Navistar announce new long-term agreement
Aug 10, 2020 · “Navistar is a critical partner to Cummins and we believe the International LT® Series trucks paired with the Cummins X15TM Efficiency Series ...
[110]
Cummins and Navistar Extend Engine Partnership - Trucking Info
Aug 10, 2020 · The Cummins B6.7 and L9 engines will continue to power International MV and HV Series trucks, as well as Navistar's IC Bus CE and RE Series ...Missing: Motors collaboration
[111]
Plus and Scania, MAN, and Navistar Partner to Accelerate Global ...
Mar 12, 2024 · Plus partners with Scania, MAN, and Navistar to create a Level 4 autonomous transport solution, using Plus's software and their vehicles, with ...
[112]
International begins autonomous fleet trials, takes the next step in ...
Sep 8, 2025 · PlusAI is an artificial intelligence company pioneering AI-based virtual driver software for factory-built autonomous trucks. Headquartered ...
[113]
Navistar Makes Strides Toward Autonomous Technology for Hub-to ...
Mar 12, 2024 · As a member of the TRATON Group, Navistar is involved in a new partnership with Plus to integrate its Level 4 autonomous SuperDrive™ technology ...
[114]
Enabling electrification through charging infrastructure - TRATON
Jun 4, 2024 · January 2024 saw the launch of Powering America's Commercial Transportation (PACT) – a coalition established by TRATON GROUP brand Navistar, ...
[115]
Navistar Gateway Integration - Samsara
Built to make it easy to bring data from International's factory-installed telematics devices into Samsara through a strategic partnership with Navistar.Missing: Motors | Show results with:Motors
[116]
Navistar enables a fully connected future by standardizing factory ...
Mar 9, 2022 · This allows all stakeholders access to actionable vehicle data, enhanced capabilities with industry partners and further improved integration ...Missing: Motors | Show results with:Motors
[117]
Ford, Navistar settle engine dispute | Reuters
Jan 14, 2009 · They said Navistar's current contract to supply diesel engines to Ford would not continue beyond year's end, ending a relationship between the ...
[118]
Ford, Navistar settle engine dispute - Reuters
Jan 13, 2009 · Under the settlement announced Tuesday, Ford and Navistar said they would continue to collaborate on a number of fronts, they said, including ...Missing: dissolved | Show results with:dissolved
[119]
Ford Ends Blue Diamond Venture With Navistar - Automotive Fleet
Jun 10, 2014 · Ford Motor Company is ending a joint venture with Navistar early next year to produce an in-house version of its F-650 and F-750 medium-duty trucks for the ...Missing: list | Show results with:list
[120]
https://www.equipmentworld.com/business/article/14963463/caterpillar-splits-with-navistar-will-design-and-build-its-own-vocational-trucks-in-texas
[121]
Navistar, Caterpillar end partnership, each to make own line of ...
Jul 28, 2015 · Navistar and Caterpillar each announced Tuesday, July 28, they're ending their partnership, an arrangement under which Navistar produced and ...
[122]
Caterpillar splits with Navistar, will design and build its own ...
Jul 28, 2015 · Caterpillar has announced a parting of ways with truck maker Navistar, ending a six-year partnership between the two companies that launched the Cat brand into ...
[123]
Mahindra Completes Purchase of Navistar's Stake in India Joint ...
Mahindra has completed its purchase of the Navistar Group's stake in Mahindra Navistar Automotives Ltd (MNAL) and Mahindra Navistar Engines Pvt Ltd (MNEPL).Missing: ended | Show results with:ended
[124]
Mahindra Completes Purchase of Navistar's Stake in India Joint ...
Feb 12, 2013 · The Navistar group will continue to support M&M through license agreements and extend necessary support to MNAL and MNEPL for the purposes of ...Missing: ended | Show results with:ended
[125]
TuSimple, Navistar end autonomous truck partnership - FreightWaves
Dec 6, 2022 · TuSimple Holdings and Navistar Inc. are going their separate ways. Their two-year marriage intended to birth a purpose-built Class 8 ...
[126]
Truck, Bus and Engine Locations - Navistar, Inc.
Jul 8, 2024 · Engine Location. Springfield Truck Assembly Plant 6125 Urbana Road Springfield, OH 45501. United States. Tulsa Bus Assembly Plant
[127]
Navistar Celebrates Grand Opening of its Benchmark San Antonio ...
Mar 23, 2022 · The San Antonio Manufacturing Plant complements Navistar's existing assembly manufacturing footprint, which includes truck assembly plants in ...
[128]
Photo gallery: Navistar's new San Antonio manufacturing plant
Mar 25, 2022 · The new manufacturing plant will bring approximately 600 jobs to the San Antonio area.
[129]
[PDF] SUSTAINABILITY REPORT - International
RESPONSIBILITY IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN. In 2023, Navistar implemented additional foundational practices to drive responsibility in the supply chain. These ...
[130]
Navistar International Plans Manufacturing Plant in San Antonio ...
Sep 24, 2019 · The Texas site is located on a critical corridor, along Interstate 35, which links Navistar's southern United States and Mexico supply bases, ...
[131]
Navistar International Corp. Presents Navistar 4.0 Strategy For ...
Another contributor to Navistar's future improvement is the alliance with TRATON Group. Increased benefits from the two companies' procurement joint venture ...
[132]
Navistar International Corp Company Profile - GlobalData
Navistar markets trucks under the International brand and buses under the IC Bus brand. It has sales outlets and distribution channels in the US, Brazil, Canada ...
[133]
UAW calls strike against truck maker Navistar - Reuters
Oct 23, 2007 · The United Auto Workers union on Tuesday said it had called a strike against Navistar International Corp <NAVZ.PK>, almost three weeks after ...
[134]
Huntsville auto workers fail to unionize Navistar plant, UAW alleges ...
Aug 12, 2025 · Workers at the Navistar plant in Huntsville voted against forming a union, marking another failed effort by United Auto Workers to organize ...
[135]
[PDF] CODE OF CONDUCT - International
International places a high priority on the safety of its employees, contractors and visitors. We do not tolerate any threats, acts of violence or other forms ...Missing: workforce | Show results with:workforce
[136]
Navistar Agrees to Settle Former Worker's Wage Suit for $450,000
Jun 9, 2025 · Jennifer Shaw alleged that Navistar automatically deducted 30-minute meal breaks from her pay, regardless of whether she got the whole time ...
[137]
Navistar Is Unable to Fully Shake Former Worker's Overtime Suit
Aug 14, 2024 · Navistar Inc. must face a former employee's claims that she wasn't properly paid for meal breaks she missed and that it didn't properly use ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[138]
Diversity, Equity And Inclusion | International®
We created the first supplier diversity program of any U.S. truck manufacturer and has since expanded efforts to empower an inclusive culture with an ...Missing: safety records
[139]
International Motors Sales Rise 15% in Fourth Quarter - TT
Jan 14, 2025 · International sold 26,500 Class 8 trucks in 2024, down 28.8% compared with 37,200 trucks in 2023, according to the latest Wards Intelligence ...
[140]
TRATON GROUP increases incoming orders...
Jul 25, 2025 · TRATON GROUP increases incoming orders significantly in a mixed first half of 2025 · The TRATON GROUP's financial key performance indicators: ...
[141]
International Q2 Sales Rise 10% From Soft 2024 Figures - TT
as International was known at the time ahead of a September rebranding — sold 16,032 trucks and buses in Q2 2024, ...
[142]
International Motors Q3 Truck, Bus Sales Drop 57% - TT
Oct 14, 2025 · Traton Group said Oct. 10 that its U.S. unit International Motors sold 13,400 trucks and buses in Q3 2025, down 57% from the prior year. The ...Missing: revenue | Show results with:revenue
[143]
TRATON GROUP adjusts full-year 2025 outlook downwards | Ad-hoc
Jul 24, 2025 · The operating return on sales (adjusted) of the TRATON GROUP is now forecast between 6.0 and 7.0 (previously 7.5 and 8.5)%; for TRATON ...
[144]
Class 8 Truck Sales in June Increase for First Time in 2025 - TT
Jul 17, 2025 · International Motors truck. International Motors sales in June climbed 22.3% to 2,110 units from 1,725. ... market share at 39% with 7,944 trucks ...
[145]
Medium-Duty Truck Sales Drop Nearly 30% in August - TT
Sep 17, 2025 · U.S. medium-duty truck sales continued to trend below the prior year by dropping nearly 30% in August, according to data from Wards Intelligence ...
[146]
Navistar rebrands as International Motors - Trailer Body Builders
Oct 18, 2024 · The company announced it will rebrand from Navistar Inc. to International Motors with a refreshed logo and customer solutions focus, effective October 1.<|control11|><|separator|>
[147]
Navistar moving HQ, R&D facility - Truck News
Navistar plans to invest more than $100 million to move its world headquarters to Lisle, Ill., from Warrenville.
[148]
Navistar establishes eMobility center in Rochester Hills, further ...
Sep 9, 2020 · As a result of the job creation and investment, the company has been awarded a $500,000 Michigan Business Development Program performance-based ...
[149]
International begins autonomous fleet trials, takes the next step in ...
Trained directly from real-world driving data, SuperDrive is built on end-to-end AI models that make it easily adaptable to new routes, ...Missing: 2020-2025 | Show results with:2020-2025
[150]
SuperDrive: L4 Self Driving System - PlusAI
SuperDrive is a fully autonomous driving Level 4 (L4) solution enabling driverless operation in next-gen vehicles.
[151]
Navistar's OnCommand connection - Connected Vehicles
Navistar's OnCommand Connection is a revolutionary, open architecture remote diagnostic system - the first and only one in the truck industry.
[152]
Platform Science and Navistar to Bring Transformative Virtual ...
The first open OEM platform that enables fleets to access telematics, software solutions, real-time vehicle data, and third-party applications directly from ...Missing: key 2020-2025
[153]
Navistar outlines future path with 'Vision 2025' - West Michigan ...
Navistar International Corp. unveiled “Vision 2025” on Aug. 6, a multi-faceted plan aimed at strengthening the company's standing in the next decade.
[154]
[PDF] Navistar International Corporation, Daniel C. Ustian ... - SEC.gov
Aug 5, 2010 · This is a financial fraud, reporting, and internal controls case against Navistar, a. Fortune 200 manufacturer of commercial trucks and engines, ...Missing: difficulties | Show results with:difficulties
[155]
Navistar v Deloitte: Blame the Auditors for Fraud Committed and ...
In the case of Navistar, each of the fraudulent accounting schemes above are nearly impossible to detect. The company failed to book items or provide ...
[156]
Navistar Sues Deloitte Proving No Statute of Limitations On Idiocy
May 31, 2011 · Eventually Navistar spent more than $200 million dollars to re-conduct their 2002-2004 audits, re-do and complete their 2005 audit, and ...
[157]
SEC settles alleged accounting fraud action against Navistar ...
Aug 6, 2010 · The SEC alleged that from 2001–2005, Navistar overstated pre-tax income by about $137 million as the result of fraud in connection with certain ...
[158]
Navistar sues ex-auditor Deloitte for $500 mln - Reuters
Apr 26, 2011 · In a lawsuit filed in an Illinois state court in Chicago, Navistar said Deloitte, under pressure from federal regulators, "ran away" from ...<|separator|>
[159]
Deloitte Audit of Navistar Is Investigated - The New York Times
Jul 9, 2005 · Deloitte, which is based in New York, paid $50 million in April to settle accusations by the Securities and Exchange Commission that its audits ...
[160]
Navistar Defense Agrees to Pay $50 Million to Resolve False Claims ...
May 27, 2021 · “It steals money from American taxpayers, damages the integrity of the Department of the Navy procurement process, degrades the readiness of the ...
[161]
$$50 million settlement reached with Navistar Defense LLC
Jun 9, 2021 · Navistar Defense LLC (Navistar), an Illinois based manufacturer of military vehicles and subsidiary of Navistar International LLC, agreed to pay $50 million.
[162]
Navistar Provides Update on Financial Restatement and Audit ...
During this phase, management, working with KPMG, has reviewed numerous accounting issues, prepared and issued position papers and recorded corrections to ...Missing: irregularities | Show results with:irregularities
[163]
$$135 Million Settlement Approved in Navistar MaxxForce Engines ...
Jan 28, 2020 · The lawsuit, still unresolved, alleges that Ustian made fraudulent statements to the public about Navistar's ability to meet the EPA 2010 ...Missing: litigation | Show results with:litigation
[164]
Navistar to settle class action for $135 million over defective ...
May 30, 2019 · The technology never gained the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's certification for compliance with the agency's 2010 emissions standards.
[165]
Navistar to Settle Class Actions over MaxxForce Engines
May 29, 2019 · Truck and engine maker Navistar International has agreed to settle a number of pending class action lawsuits in the United States.Missing: non- | Show results with:non-
[166]
Navistar emissions $14.5M class action settlement
Feb 21, 2024 · Navistar agreed to a $14.5 million class action lawsuit settlement to resolve claims that its trucks were equipped with defective emissions systems.Missing: non- litigation
[167]
More than 1,400 International, 500 Mack trucks recalled
Apr 13, 2021 · Navistar recalls 1,400 trucks for two brakes issues · Mack recall hits more than 500 trucks with stability control issue · Large fleet boosting ...
[168]
Navistar recalls tens of thousands of International trucks
Apr 13, 2023 · Navistar is recalling certain International DuraStar, ProStar, TranStar, WorkStar, HV and MV trucks with issues with their HVAC systems.Missing: product history
[169]
Navistar issues recall due to steering-related problem
Jun 27, 2022 · More than 31,000 big trucks and buses are being recalled by Navistar due to improper heat treating on hex flange lock nuts. Facebook Twitter ...
[170]
Navistar International Recalls 12,000+ Trucks - Bottaro Law Firm
Dec 24, 2019 · Navistar Inc. has recently issued a safety recall for 12539 International brand trucks that are at a risk of unintended movement.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[171]
Navistar International Recalls More Than 12,000 Trucks - TT
Dec 16, 2019 · Navistar Inc. has issued a safety recall for 12,539 International brand trucks that are at risk of unintended movement when the parking brake is ...
[172]
Navistar recalling certain 2018-2019 models for transmission issue
Navistar is recalling certain almost 21,000 2019 International HV, MV, 2018-2019 HX, LT, RH, LoneStar, ProStar, WorkStar, and ...
[173]
Navistar recalling International trucks with anti-lock brake system issue
Jun 5, 2023 · Navistar is recalling tens of thousands of International trucks of various models that may have an issue with the anti-lock brake system.
[174]
NHTSA recall notes fire risk for certain International MV trucks
Thousands of Navistar trucks are at risk of catching on fire while driving or parked, according to a June 2 recall notice.
[175]
Navistar recalls some severe-, medium-duty Internationals
Jan 30, 2024 · Navistar is recalling nearly 300 severe- and medium-duty trucks for an issue related to the seat belts, according to National Highway Traffic Safety ...
[176]
Navistar Recalls International LT and RH Trucks - Safety
May 18, 2020 · The International LT is among the vehicles recalled under recall number 20504. Navistar is recalling approximately 4,500 model-year 2018-2020 ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[177]
International Trucks Recalled for Brake Caliper Defect
Mar 28, 2025 · The recall targets 153 units of 2024 HV, 2020-2025 MV, and 2019 Workstar 7400 trucks, where the brake caliper may interfere with suspension components.
[178]
United States Joins Suit Against Navistar Defense LLC Alleging ...
Dec 4, 2019 · The government's complaint alleges claims under the FCA, which prohibits knowingly submitting false claims for federal funds, and other common ...
[179]
Sanford Heisler Sharp Announces $50 Million Settlement In False ...
May 27, 2021 · During contract negotiations with the Government, Navistar allegedly presented forged invoices and other false and highly misleading documents ...Missing: irregularities | Show results with:irregularities
[180]
[PDF] Navistar Defense, LLC - In the United States Court of Federal Claims
Jan 10, 2020 · Second, when the dispute originated within a third-party competitor protest, the Court will decide whether the change was within the scope of.Missing: International | Show results with:International
[181]
Navistar loses lawsuit against US Army and Oshkosh over vehicle ...
Jan 27, 2020 · The company contended that the Army did not justify and had improperly awarded its most recent sole-source FMTV procurement in 2019 to Oshkosh, ...
[182]
B-223146, OCT 7, 1986 | U.S. GAO
... LITIGATION AGAINST NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (FORMERLY INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY (IH)). ... COMPETITIVE BIDS FROM FIRMS CAPABLE OF HANDLING ...
[183]
Another Big Blow For Navistar - Forbes
Aug 23, 2012 · The bad news keeps coming for Navistar International, which learned this week that it had been shut out of the competition for a lucrative ...<|separator|>
[184]
McCormick-Deering Farmall Tractor, circa 1925 - The Henry Ford
Free delivery over $75 Free 30-day returnsInternational Harvester (IH) released the Farmall, the first commercially successful row-crop tractor, in 1924. It featured closely-spaced front wheels that ran ...
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Bert Benjamin - The Farmall Tractor Origin Story - Case IH
Oct 30, 2023 · The Farmall tractor and the power take-off ushered in a new phase in the agricultural machinery market: equipment that could be mounted directly ...
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IH Farmall Tractors - Wessels Living History Farm
When the 1940s began, International Harverster's Farmall was the most popular tractor brand in the U.S. But during the decade their market share was challenged.
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Meet the IHC Farmall H: One of the Most Popular Tractors Ever Sold
Jun 4, 2025 · The H, with its two-plow capacity, did more to convert the late bloomers (the small farmers) to mechanical horsepower than any other model at the time.<|control11|><|separator|>
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History | Case IH
1943: International Harvester creates first successful spindle cotton picker. "Old Red" was mounted on a Farmall Tractor H. Both are donated for display at the ...Missing: key achievements<|separator|>
[189]
3 IHC Innovations That Changed Farming
Aug 21, 2024 · The International and Farmall 656 was the first tractor to operate with a hydrostatic transmission that offered infinitely variable speeds.
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Navistar Reveals International® SuperTruck II Results with Improved ...
Jun 20, 2023 · International SuperTruck II demonstrates 16 miles per gallon (MPG) fuel efficiency through hybridization and a 170% improvement in freight ...
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International Brand Portal
Innovating the Connected Commercial Truck In 2013, Navistar launches OnCommand® Connection (OCC), which increases uptime in all makes of trucks by constantly ...
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Navistar Starts Paying The Piper For Its Costly Strategic Mistake
Aug 31, 2012 · Navistar got into trouble after Ustian's decision to break with the rest of the industry to pursue a diesel emissions technology that ultimately ...
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Navistar Steps Off The Bankruptcy Brink With Volkswagen Partnership
Sep 6, 2016 · The procurement JV will put Navistar into Volkswagen's truck parts buying network, which also includes big brands like Scania and Man. It will ...
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Navistar to pay $52 million to resolve Justice Department emissions ...
Oct 25, 2021 · Engine manufacturer Navistar International Corp will pay a $52 million civil penalty and has agreed to prevent at least 10000 tons of oxides ...
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Court sides with engine makers, against EPA and throws out rule ...
Dec 13, 2013 · The ruling comes as Daimler, Volvo and others have repeatedly challenged the EPA over its decision to grant Navistar “certificates of conformity ...Missing: criticism | Show results with:criticism
[196]
Navistar Hit With $30.8 Million Judgment in ProStar/MaxxForce ...
Aug 14, 2017 · What would eventually turn out to be an ill-fated decision by Navistar to use Advanced EGR instead of SCR led to numerous quality problems with ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Navistar International Corporation | Trucks, Engines, Parts - Britannica
The company is a direct descendant of the business activities of Cyrus McCormick, particularly his invention of the mechanical reaper in 1831.<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Rise and Fall of International Harvester | Construction Equipment
May 22, 2018 · Along the way, IHC added construction machines (and the engines to power them), including crawlers, scrapers, off-highway trucks, and wheel ...
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Flying Fishbowls: The International Harvester Sightliners
Mar 11, 2025 · This produced a fully functional cabover truck to improve manueverability and meet highway regulations for total vehicle length—even if the ...Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
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Great American Trucks: The International Transtar Cabover
Dec 21, 2023 · Tough, reliable and stylish, the International Transtar became one of the most recognizable Class 8 American cabover trucks ever.Missing: innovation impact
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Chapter 11: Freight Transportation - Policy
Oct 22, 2020 · Trucks move 64 percent of freight by ton and 69 percent of freight by value—by far the single largest mode. Intermodal Connectors provide the “ ...