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Pierre Moerlen

Pierre Moerlen (23 October 1952 – 3 May 2005) was a drummer and percussionist best known for his influential role in the progressive rock and scenes, particularly as a core member and eventual leader of the band , where he helped shift the group's sound toward intricate fusion arrangements. Born in , , into a musical family—his father was an and instructor at the , and his mother was a music —Moerlen began studying before switching to percussion. He trained at the Conservatoire Régional de from 1967 to 1971, earning the Premier Prix in percussion under instructor Jean Batigue in 1972. Moerlen's professional breakthrough came in June 1973 when he joined , contributing drums and percussion to landmark albums such as You (1974) and the edition of Shamal titled Gazeuse! (1976), the latter co-produced with Pink Floyd's . By 1975, after the departure of founder , Moerlen assumed leadership of the band, steering it away from its psychedelic roots toward a more structured jazz-rock fusion style evident in releases like (1978). In 1979, the group rebranded as and signed with , producing albums including Downwind (1979) and Time Is the Key (1979), which showcased his sophisticated drumming and compositional skills. He left and rejoined multiple times, including a return in 1997, before departing again in 1999. Beyond , Moerlen collaborated extensively with British artist , performing on the live rendition of in 1973 and contributing to studio albums such as (1975), Incantations (1978), Exposed (1979), and (1979). His session work extended to artists like , of , former , Dutch band Supersister, and the avant-garde collective /. In the mid-1980s, he toured with the Gong offshoot , and later in his career, he composed for musicals, taught percussion in , and occasionally performed with in 1997. Moerlen died suddenly on 3 May 2005 at age 52 in , near , during a rehearsal.

Early Life

Family and Childhood

Pierre Moerlen was born on 23 October 1952 in , , . He was the third of five siblings in a deeply musical family, with three sisters—Michèle, Geneviève, and Dominique—and one brother, Benoît. His father, Maurice Moerlen, was an who taught , , and at the Conservatoire and served as organist at . His mother was a teacher and school music instructor who continued giving private lessons into retirement. The household fostered a rich musical atmosphere, where family members regularly engaged in music-making; his sisters played , , , and , while his brother Benoît specialized in . Growing up in , in the culturally vibrant region with its strong traditions in , choral , and classical performance, Moerlen was exposed to diverse musical influences from an early age. He began learning under his father's guidance as a young child, which sparked his initial interest in music. Around age 13 or 14, he started experimenting with percussion, beginning with a and progressing to a full , all through self-taught efforts before pursuing formal instruction.

Musical Training

Around age 13 or 14, Pierre Moerlen began self-taught experiments with percussion. In 1967, at the age of 15, he enrolled at the Conservatoire Régional in , where he studied classical percussion under Jean Batigne, the founder of Les Percussions de Strasbourg and a timpanist with the Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra. This apprenticeship lasted until 1971 or 1972, during which Moerlen earned the Premier Prix de percussion, honing his technical proficiency on a wide array of instruments including , , and orchestral percussion. Through his studies with Batigne and association with Les Percussions de —a pioneering ensemble dedicated to —Moerlen developed expertise in both traditional classical techniques and innovative approaches to percussion, emphasizing precision, dynamics, and ensemble coordination. This environment exposed him to compositions and collaborative performance practices, laying the groundwork for his versatile style that blended classical rigor with emerging and rock elements. While primarily focused on education during this period, Moerlen's training involved practical performances that built his foundational skills in group settings.

Career Beginnings

Entry into Professional Music

After his graduation from the Conservatoire Régional in in 1972, Pierre Moerlen transitioned from classical percussion studies toward professional opportunities in and . Through connections in the music community, including the Lemoine brothers from with whom he had played early gigs, Moerlen integrated into the UK's progressive rock ecosystem by mid-1973. Moerlen's debut professional recordings and live performances occurred in 1972–1973, initially with French ensembles. He had previously toured with the Grenoble-based Company Claude Confortès and worked briefly with guitarist Gabriel Federow in local bands around and . In 1973, he contributed percussion, including , to the track "Bagoas" on the Dutch progressive band Supersister's album Iskander, recorded in October 1973 at , . By June 1973, the Lemoine brothers recommended him to , leading to his recruitment as drummer and integration into the band's lineup, including networking with founder and affiliates such as and . This positioned him for live shows including the in June 1973. In October 1973, Moerlen relocated to with Gong, immersing himself in the . A pivotal moment came in late 1973 when he participated as a percussionist in the BBC's live television performance of Mike Oldfield's on the 2nd House program, broadcast on December 1. Credited under the pseudonym "Pierre de ," he joined an ensemble of musicians, including members of Sallyangie and Soft Machine's , for this studio rendition of the album's first part. This appearance highlighted Moerlen's rapid ascent in the progressive rock world and his versatility on instruments like , , and .

Initial Collaborations

In early 1973, prior to fully joining , Pierre Moerlen engaged in informal sessions with musicians and affiliates, including saxophonist , bassist , keyboardist Didier Thibault, guitarist , and synthesist , forming the short-lived Paragong project. These collaborations, spanning March to May, involved live performances across youth centers, emphasizing complex, cosmic jazz-rock improvisation that refined Moerlen's approach and bridged his classical training with experimentation. By 1975, amid tensions within following the recording of You, Moerlen temporarily joined the acclaimed percussion ensemble Les Percussions de Strasbourg, touring with them to perform repertoire while maintaining ties to Gong's schedule from 1974 to 1975; this stint enhanced his ensemble precision and timbral versatility, drawing on works by modern composers and solidifying his reputation as a multifaceted percussionist.

Work with Gong

Joining the Band

In January 1973, during 's active European phase, drummer Pierre Moerlen was contacted by fellow Alsatian musicians the Lemoine brothers, who informed him that needed a replacement for Laurie Allan following his departure. Moerlen, who had briefly pursued opportunities in London's music scene after classical studies in , traveled to meet bandleader and the group near , , where he auditioned successfully and joined as a full-time member. Moerlen's arrival addressed Gong's history of frequent drummer changes, including previous members like and Laurie Allan, and introduced a more disciplined, jazz-inflected rooted in his conservatory-trained percussion background. This shift began to steer the band's psychedelic toward greater complexity, evident in live performances from early 1973 onward. He made his live debut with on February 6, 1973, at as part of the short-lived Paragong lineup—featuring , , Didier Thibault, and —while Allen and Gilli Smyth took a temporary hiatus in . The group toured French youth centers and theaters throughout spring 1973, including a notable appearance at the Bataclan in on May 20, before expanding to dates later that year, helping stabilize the band's momentum ahead of studio work on .

Key Contributions and Albums

Pierre Moerlen joined as a and percussionist in early 1973, making his recording debut on the band's album (1973), where his contributions marked a shift toward more intricate rhythmic structures within the group's psychedelic framework. His playing on tracks like "Oily Way" and "Fohf²" showcased emerging complex rhythms that blended elements with the band's existing sound, earning praise for its inventive precision. On the follow-up album You (1974), Moerlen's drumming further evolved, incorporating layered percussion and polyrhythmic patterns that heightened the album's dynamic intensity, as heard in extended pieces such as "Auntie Aubrey's Excursions Beyond the Call of Duty." These efforts helped solidify 's transition toward influences during this period. After completing You, Moerlen briefly left the band in 1974 to work with Les Percussions de Strasbourg. By 1975, following the departure of founder Daevid Allen, Moerlen had rejoined Gong and assumed co-leadership alongside Didier Malherbe, steering the band decisively into instrumental jazz-rock fusion territory. This shift was evident on Shamal (1976), where Moerlen's compositions and arrangements emphasized crisp, percussive grooves and mallet-based percussion, including vibraphone and marimba, to create a more sophisticated, groove-oriented sound on tracks like "Shamal" and "Bamboo." The album's production highlighted his role in refining the band's jazz fusion direction, with Moerlen contributing to seven of its nine tracks. Similarly, on Gazeuse! (1976, released as Expresso in some markets such as the US), Moerlen's leadership propelled the group into fully instrumental jazz fusion, featuring his innovative use of mallet percussion and complex polyrhythms on pieces such as "Expresso" and "Percolations," which underscored the album's energetic, improvisational feel. Moerlen's technical innovations extended to Gong's live performances during this era, where he integrated mallet percussion instruments like and alongside traditional drums, enabling polyrhythmic explorations that added depth and texture to the band's sets. These elements became hallmarks of Gong's evolution under his influence. Moerlen continued to lead the band through this period, with further developments covered in the band's evolution as .

Pierre Moerlen's Gong

Formation and Evolution

Following the departure of and other key members from the original lineup in the mid-1970s, Pierre Moerlen assumed leadership of the remaining ensemble, officially forming in 1979 as a distinct entity separate from Allen's vision for . This new iteration retained core members from the transitional period, including Pierre's brother Benoît Moerlen on mallet percussion, bassist Hansford Rowe, and percussionist Bauer, allowing for continuity while marking a fresh start under Moerlen's direction. The band's stylistic evolution pivoted sharply toward instrumental , diverging from Gong's earlier psychedelic space-rock roots to emphasize complex rhythms, intricate percussion interplay, and fusion elements influenced by Moerlen's drumming prowess and classical training. Moerlen's leadership was central, as he not only handled drums and but also shaped the group's sound through his focus on technical precision and ensemble cohesion, often incorporating and instruments to create a polished, groove-oriented aesthetic. This shift was evident in the band's early recordings, which prioritized instrumental dexterity over vocals or narrative themes. Throughout the 1980s, Pierre Moerlen's Gong underwent several lineup changes to adapt to touring demands and creative needs, with Hansford Rowe remaining a steadfast and Mireille Bauer contributing on percussion until her departure in the early 1980s. Other shifts included the addition of Swedish musicians like guitarist Åke Ziedén and keyboardist Frank Fischer in the mid-1980s, reflecting Moerlen's efforts to infuse fresh energy while maintaining the fusion core. The group's recording trajectory evolved from a major-label phase with Arista Records between 1979 and 1981, where it released four albums that solidified its jazz fusion identity amid growing international recognition, namely Downwind (1979), Time Is the Key (1979), Live (1980), and Leave It Open (1981), to a series of independent releases starting in the mid-1980s. After disbanding briefly post-Arista due to contractual and financial challenges, Moerlen reformed the band around 1986, leading to self-financed efforts like those in the late 1980s and sporadic output into the 2000s, often through smaller labels or direct distribution, which allowed greater artistic control but limited commercial reach. This independent era highlighted Moerlen's resilience, with lineups drawn from international collaborators to sustain the band's exploratory fusion sound.

Major Releases and Tours

Pierre Moerlen's Gong established its fusion-oriented sound with the 1979 release of Downwind, featuring complex percussion arrangements and guest appearances by guitarists and that blended with rhythmic intensity. The album was lauded for its energetic grooves and Moerlen's driving drumming, earning a solid 3.89 out of 5 rating across 155 reviews as a strong entry in the genre. Later that year, Time Is the Key followed as another foundational work, shifting toward more accessible pop-fusion with instrumental tracks emphasizing and bass interplay. While praised for its mellow sophistication and contributions from violinist , it drew mixed responses for its subdued energy compared to prior efforts, averaging 3.06 out of 5 in critical assessments. The band's live prowess was documented in the 1980 album Pierre Moerlen's Gong Live, recorded during European tours at venues such as Stadium Paris on February 16, 1979, and London's The Venue on March 11, 1979, capturing extended improvisations that highlighted their stage dynamics. Reviewers appreciated its faithful representation of the group's technical delivery, though noted some overlap with studio material, resulting in a 3.43 out of 5 rating. In the mid-1980s, emerged in 1986 as a later milestone, incorporating polished melodies, female vocals, and pop sensibilities alongside Moerlen's signature percussion. It received commendation for its sweet, accessible but criticism for diluted rhythmic , garnering a 3.00 out of 5 rating from 44 evaluations. The ensemble's culminating effort, Pentanine, was recorded in St. Petersburg in 2002 with Russian collaborators and released in 2004, reviving the project's hypnotic grooves through tracks blending vibes, synths, and bass. Critics hailed it for echoing the vitality of Moerlen's earlier innovations without repetition, achieving a 3.78 out of 5 rating across 23 reviews. Pierre Moerlen's Gong maintained active international touring through the 1980s and 1990s, with European dates in countries like and showcasing Moerlen's intricate, multi-percussion solos as a centerpiece of performances. Notable activities included a 1980 swing through .

Other Collaborations

With Mike Oldfield

Pierre Moerlen's collaboration with began with a live performance at the 1973 premiere of at in , where he provided percussion. His first major studio contribution came on the 1975 album , where he provided layered percussion that enhanced the album's expansive, folk-infused soundscapes. His involvement marked the beginning of a long-term , with Moerlen delivering intricate and percussion arrangements that complemented Oldfield's multi-instrumental compositions. Moerlen's collaboration extended across numerous Oldfield albums, including Incantations (1978), where he played drums and vibraphone on the epic title track, contributing to its orchestral and choral elements. He also appeared on the live album Exposed (1979), capturing his dynamic percussion during performances, as well as Platinum (1979), Five Miles Out (1982), Crises (1983), and Islands (1987). Oldfield later reflected on Moerlen's drumming on Five Miles Out as exceptionally intense, noting how it evoked vivid memories of their recording sessions upon remixing the tracks. From 1975 to around 1984, Moerlen participated in Oldfield's live tours, including renditions of and support for albums like Incantations, often performing in large ensembles that highlighted his versatility on , , timbals, , and . These tours, spanning and beyond, showcased Moerlen's ability to blend rock rhythms with ethnic and classical percussion influences, creating a distinctive that became integral to Oldfield's sound. Moerlen himself described the Incantations tour as particularly memorable, involving a 50-piece ensemble that amplified the music's grandeur.

Additional Projects

In the early 1980s, following the end of his primary commitments with and amid a period of transition after being dropped by , Moerlen briefly joined the French band as a second for approximately three months. During this short tenure, which occurred around 1982–1983, he contributed percussion to some recordings that appeared on their 1984 album Merci, marking a temporary foray into Magma's intense, orchestral jazz-rock style led by Christian Vander. From 1985 to 1987, Moerlen became a core member of the progressive rock band , replacing their previous drummer and bringing his expertise to their symphonic sound. The group, formed in 1982 by Gideon Andersson and Christer Rhedin, recorded the studio Breaking Barriers in 1986, which featured Moerlen's intricate drumming on tracks blending and melodic prog elements, and followed it with the live Live – The Melody, The Beat, The Heart (1986), captured during their and tours. His involvement ended when internal disagreements led to the band's breakup. In 1997, Moerlen participated in a reunion tour with the British jazz fusion band , stepping in after their regular drummer Frank Katz declined a Japanese leg; this expanded into European dates in May–June. Performing alongside bassist Percy Jones and guitarist , Moerlen's precise, polyrhythmic style complemented Brand X's improvisational fusion approach, with setlists including classics like "Disco Suicide" and covers such as Mahavishnu Orchestra's "."

Later Years

Band Reformations

In 2002, Pierre Moerlen revived Pierre Moerlen's Gong by assembling a new lineup primarily composed of Russian musicians, with the group recording the studio album Pentanine in St. Petersburg, Russia. The ensemble featured Moerlen on drums, vibraphone, xylophone, and programming; Arkady Kuznetsov on electric guitar; Alexei Pleschunov on bass guitar; Mikhail Ogorodov on keyboards, percussion, hand drum, recorder, and underwater voice; and Alexander Lutsky on muted trumpet for one track. This reformation marked a return to the band's instrumental jazz-rock fusion roots, emphasizing Moerlen's intricate polyrhythms, elliptical mallet percussion patterns, and melodic structures influenced by the Canterbury scene tradition. By the mid-2000s, Moerlen had begun rehearsing with yet another iteration of , aiming to produce additional releases that would extend the band's evolving catalog, though these ambitions were ultimately curtailed by his .

Final Recordings

In the final years of his career, Pierre Moerlen completed Pentanine, his last studio under the Pierre Moerlen's Gong banner, recorded in 2002 in St. Petersburg, , with a lineup of musicians including Alexei Pleschunov, Arkady Kuznetsov, and Mikhail Ogorodov. Released in 2004 by Musea Records, the featured Moerlen on drums, , , and programming, blending elements with intricate mallet percussion patterns characteristic of his style. The project represented a return to active recording following the band's 2002 reformation, emphasizing Moerlen's compositional focus over extensive touring. Early in 2005, Moerlen initiated rehearsals and initial recordings for a new album with a fresh ensemble of young French musicians, incorporating experimental arrangements, but the project was left unfinished following his sudden death on May 3, 2005. It was later completed by collaborators and released posthumously as in 2010. Throughout these late efforts, Moerlen employed a personal studio setup centered on a compact acoustic —typically featuring a 20-inch , hanging toms, and a 14-inch snare—augmented by mallet instruments such as and for melodic textures, alongside digital programming tools for and rhythmic layering. This configuration allowed for the dense, polyrhythmic arrangements heard in Pentanine and the nascent 2005 material.

Death and Legacy

Circumstances of Death

Pierre Moerlen died unexpectedly in his sleep from natural causes on 3 May 2005, at the age of 52, while staying in in the mountains near , . At the time, he was engaged in rehearsals for a new incarnation of (PMG), a project that had been progressing positively and filled him with enthusiasm. His brother Benoît Moerlen, a fellow percussionist and former collaborator, promptly notified close associates in the music community, including webmaster Venux DeLuxe, leading to widespread tributes of sympathy directed to the family. The sudden loss resulted in the immediate disbandment of the nascent PMG lineup and the cancellation of any associated tour plans, as the group had not yet advanced beyond initial rehearsals. Moerlen's funeral was held privately on 9 May 2005 in , his birthplace in Alsace-Lorraine, with the family maintaining a low profile in the aftermath and requesting privacy during their grieving process.

Influence and Recognition

Pierre Moerlen is widely recognized as a pioneer in jazz-rock percussion, particularly for his innovative integration of and mallet instruments into drumming during his tenure with and subsequent projects. His fluid, polyrhythmic style, exemplified in albums like Shamal (1976), helped define the scene's fusion evolution, earning praise for providing prog rock with its first truly jazz-inflected drumming approach. Moerlen's influence extended to key figures in the genre; temporarily replaced him in during the mid-1970s. This legacy persisted posthumously through the 2010 release of Tribute by , which compiled his final compositions—new pieces he had been developing before his death in 2005—performed by younger musicians to honor his . The album's dedication and inclusion of demo versions underscored Moerlen's enduring impact on fusion percussion. In recent years, renewed interest in Moerlen's work has boosted his accessibility and recognition within communities. Japanese SHM-CD remasters of albums, including (1986) and (1988), were issued in 2025, offering high-fidelity editions that have introduced his music to new listeners. These releases, alongside retrospectives in prog rock outlets, continue to highlight his contributions in histories and dedicated discussions up to 2025.

Discography

As Leader or Co-Leader

Pierre Moerlen led or co-led several projects, most notably the incarnation of that evolved into (PMG) after Daevid Allen's departure in 1975. The band's output emphasized with intricate percussion and mallet instruments, releasing albums initially under the banner before adopting the PMG name explicitly. Production shifted from for early works to Arista for a key mid-period run, followed by independent labels for later releases. The first albums under Pierre Moerlen's leadership were released as : Gazeuse! (released as in ), appeared in 1976 on in LP format, with a CD reissue in 1989. Key personnel included Pierre Moerlen on drums, , and ; Mireille Bauer on percussion; on and ; Francis Moze on bass, , and gongs; and on guitar and violin. Produced by Pierre Moerlen and recorded at Virgin's Manor Studios, it marked a shift to instrumental jazz-rock. Expresso II followed in 1978, also on Virgin Records (LP and later CD formats), featuring Pierre Moerlen on drums and percussion; Benoit Moerlen (his brother) on marimba and vibraphone; Hansford Rowe on bass; Didier Malherbe on winds; and Francis Moze on bass. The album, produced by Moerlen, continued the fusion style with prominent mallet work and was recorded at Polydor Studios in Paris. PMG's Arista era began with Downwind in 1979 (LP and CD), produced by Moerlen and engineered at Marcus Music in Sweden. Core members were Pierre Moerlen (drums, marimba, synthesizer); Benoit Moerlen (vibraphone, marimba); Hansford Rowe (bass, guitar); and François Causse (percussion, synthesizer). This release highlighted the band's polished jazz-rock sound. Also in 1979, Time Is the Key was issued on Arista ( and ), recorded at Studios Ferber in and produced by Moerlen. Personnel included Pierre Moerlen (, percussion); Hansford Rowe (, vocals); Benoit Moerlen (, ); and François Causse (percussion). The album incorporated more elements alongside grooves. The live album Live, recorded during 1979 European tours and released in 1980 on Arista (double and ), captured PMG's stage energy with the same core lineup: Pierre Moerlen, Benoit Moerlen, Hansford Rowe, and François Causse. It was mixed at in . Leave It Open (1981, Arista, LP and CD) closed the label's run, produced by Moerlen and recorded at in . Key members remained Pierre Moerlen (, ); Benoit Moerlen (); Hansford Rowe (); and Causse (percussion), with guest appearances by on guitar. The album blended fusion with subtle pop influences. After a hiatus, Breakthrough emerged in 1986 on Seventh Records (later CD reissues), self-produced by Moerlen and recorded in . Personnel featured Pierre Moerlen (, percussion); Åke Ziedén (guitar, ); Hansford Rowe (); and Christer Rhedin ( solos). It revived the band's mallet-driven sound with a smaller ensemble. Second Wind (recorded 1988, released 1989 on GNP Crescendo, LP and CD) was produced by Moerlen in the U.S., with Pierre Moerlen (drums); Åke Ziedén (guitar); Benoit Moerlen (); Hansford Rowe (); and Frank Fischer (keyboards). The album returned to jazz-rock roots amid label transitions. The live recording Full Circle - Live '88 (released 1998 on Voiceprint, CD; recorded at Fairsted Studio, U.S.) documented a 1988 performance with Pierre Moerlen (drums); Åke Ziedén (guitar, ); and Benoit Moerlen (). It showcased extended improvisations. Pentanine (2004, Voiceprint, CD) was recorded in . Petersburg, , and produced by Moerlen, featuring him on drums and percussion alongside local musicians including Alexei Petrov on guitar. This late-career work emphasized acoustic . Posthumously, Tribute (2010, 72 Productions, CD) compiled Moerlen's unfinished compositions from 2004–2005, completed by French musicians under Benoit Moerlen's direction, with Pierre's drum tracks from prior sessions. It served as a final statement on his percussive style. As co-leader, Moerlen participated in Paragong's Live '73 (1995, Voiceprint, CD), a release of 1973 French concert recordings from the transitional Gong era. Key personnel included Pierre Moerlen (drums, percussion); (bass); (saxophone, flute); and (guitar, vocals). Edited by Chris Thorpe, it preserved raw space-rock energy. In 2025, Japan's Belle Antique label issued SHM-CD remasters (paper sleeve editions) of select PMG titles, including Breakthrough and Full Circle - Live '88 (January 25 release) and Second Wind (February 7 release), featuring updated audio from original masters for enhanced fidelity. These limited-edition reissues highlight the band's enduring appeal in the prog-fusion genre.

Guest Appearances

Pierre Moerlen contributed percussion to several albums by , beginning with his early involvement in live performances. In 1973, he played percussion during the premiere of at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in , at the invitation of founder . On Oldfield's 1975 album , Moerlen provided timpani parts, enhancing the record's expansive, folk-infused sound. Moerlen's collaboration with Oldfield deepened in the late , as he joined the artist's touring band and contributed to multiple studio recordings. He performed and on the 1978 double album Incantations, a ambitious work featuring orchestral elements and guest vocalists like . In 1979, Moerlen appeared on the live album Exposed, recorded during Oldfield's European tour, where he handled and percussion across sets including material from Tubular Bells and Incantations. That same year, he played and on the studio album , contributing to its eclectic mix of jazz-rock and classical influences. Moerlen continued with on tracks from Crises (1983), notably "In High Places," supporting Oldfield's shift toward more commercial pop-rock arrangements. During his tenure with Gong from 1973 to 1976, Moerlen served as the band's primary drummer, appearing on key releases in the "Radio Gnome Invisible" trilogy and beyond. Moerlen's drumming featured prominently on (1973, tracks 3–7), providing rhythmic drive to its spacey, improvisational tracks. On You (1974), the trilogy's conclusion, he contributed drums and percussion, helping transition Gong toward a jazzier sound. His final Gong studio album during this period, Shamal (1976), showcased Moerlen on drums, , and , reflecting the band's evolving jazz-rock direction under producer . Beyond Oldfield and Gong, Moerlen made notable guest appearances with other acts. He provided guest drums on Magma's live album Merci (1984), a retrospective performance capturing the band's zeuhl style during a brief reunion stint. In 1986, Moerlen joined Swedish progressive rock band Tribute for their album Breaking Barriers, playing drums, vibraphone, and marimba across its symphonic tracks. He also participated in Brand X's 1997 reunion tour, performing drums on dates in Japan and Europe, including shows in Tokyo and Rome that highlighted the band's fusion roots. Later, in 1999, Moerlen rejoined Gong for live performances, contributing drums during their international touring phase. Additional guest appearances include: drums and percussion on Supersister's Iskander (1974); contributions to Slapp Happy's Casablanca Moon (1974, aka Slapp Happy) and Henry Cow's related sessions; session work with Mick Taylor (e.g., Son of Strat 1980?); drums on Phil Lynott's Solo in Soho (1980); and percussion on Sally Oldfield's Easy (1977) and From Within (1978).

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