Pin Ups
Pin Ups is the seventh studio album by the English musician David Bowie, released on 19 October 1973 by RCA Records.[1] It is a covers album featuring twelve songs primarily by British bands from the 1960s that influenced Bowie during his youth, including the Pretty Things, the Who, the Yardbirds, Pink Floyd, and Them.[2] Recorded in July 1973 at Château d'Hérouville in France, it served as a stop-gap release following Aladdin Sane (1973) and was the final studio album with Bowie's backing band the Spiders from Mars, featuring guitarist Mick Ronson.[3] The album cover photograph of Bowie and 1960s model Twiggy was taken in Paris.[1]Background and conception
Album development
In early 1973, David Bowie, drained by the relentless pace of the Ziggy Stardust tour and the psychological strain of embodying the persona, opted to produce a covers album as a temporary respite and contractual filler for RCA Records.[4] This decision came amid his burgeoning exhaustion, providing a lighter project to bridge the gap before delving into more ambitious original work.[5] The album's conception occurred in spring 1973, immediately following the completion of sessions for Aladdin Sane in January, allowing Bowie to meet RCA's release demands while conceptualizing Diamond Dogs.[1] The album was originally conceived to include one original song by Bowie alongside the covers, though this plan was abandoned. A key driver was Bowie's nostalgic affinity for the 1960s British Invasion soundtracks of his adolescence, which he sought to revisit through reinterpretations of era-defining tracks.[6] Pin Ups ultimately served as the swan song for the Ziggy Stardust period and the Spiders from Mars ensemble, with Bowie's onstage declaration of retiring the Ziggy character on July 3, 1973, at London's Hammersmith Odeon signaling the lineup's dissolution just prior to recording. The sessions took place from 10–31 July 1973 at Château d'Hérouville, France, though drummer Woody Woodmansey was replaced by Aynsley Dunbar.[7] This transitional role extended into the album's promotion in late 1973, underscoring its position as a deliberate endpoint to that chapter of Bowie's career.[8]Song selection and influences
The album Pin Ups features a curation of 12 cover songs drawn primarily from mid-1960s British acts, including the Pretty Things, the Who, Pink Floyd, Them, the Yardbirds, the Kinks, and the Easybeats, all of which were active during the height of the British Invasion. These selections reflect Bowie's personal connection to the era of his mod youth, when he was immersed in London's club scene and frequently attended live performances by these bands as a teenager.[9] Bowie described the tracks as his favorite singles from the 1964–1967 period, chosen to evoke the raw energy and stylistic influences that shaped his early musical tastes. Key tracks highlight this nostalgic curation, such as "Rosalyn," originally the 1964 debut single by the Pretty Things, a gritty R&B-infused garage rock number that captured the raw edge of early British beat groups; "I Wish You Would," the Yardbirds' 1964 blues-rock hit that showcased their improvisational guitar work; and "See Emily Play," Pink Floyd's 1967 psychedelic single written by Syd Barrett, representing the transition to more experimental sounds.[5] Other notable choices include the Who's "I Can't Explain" (1965) and Them's "Here Comes the Night" (1965), both emblematic of the mod subculture's fusion of American R&B with British pop sensibilities.[10] Bowie's selections emphasize bands he admired for their live intensity and cultural impact, avoiding American artists to maintain a focused tribute to UK-centric mod and Invasion aesthetics.[11] Thematically, the album centers on British Invasion rock, R&B covers, and emerging psychedelia, serving as a bridge between Bowie's formative influences and his contemporary glam rock style.[6] By prioritizing these genres, Bowie aimed to honor the songs' original vitality while infusing them with his evolving artistic perspective, rooted in the vibrant, scooter-riding mod scene of 1960s London.[9] This deliberate emphasis on British sources underscores the album's role as a cultural homage, excluding broader international influences to spotlight the domestic sounds that defined his adolescence.[11]Production
Recording process
The recording sessions for Pin Ups took place at the Château d'Hérouville studio complex in northern France, a residential facility known for hosting numerous artists during the 1970s. The sessions began on 10 July 1973, mere days after the Aladdin Sane tour wrapped up with final performances at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 2 and 3 July.[12][13] This timing placed the band in the studio immediately following an intense period of touring, contributing to a somewhat tense atmosphere amid recent lineup changes after the dissolution of the Spiders from Mars configuration.[1] Co-produced by Ken Scott and David Bowie, the process emphasized capturing the raw energy of live performances through extended daily sessions, often lasting 12 hours or more, across 20 working days until 31 July 1973. Engineer Dennis MacKay oversaw the technical setup in the George Sand Studio, a converted stable within the chateau, where multitrack recording allowed for efficient layering while prioritizing a swift workflow to retain the band's onstage vitality. The location was selected in part for tax benefits, enabling Bowie to record outside the UK and mitigate financial strains from escalating tour expenses.[12][1][14] Several logistical hurdles arose during the sessions, including a brief interruption on 16 July for Bowie to record a single with Lulu in London, and Scott's temporary absence due to the birth of his twin sons, which delayed progress. The post-tour fatigue among the musicians, combined with the pressure to complete backing tracks quickly amid these disruptions, resulted in a rushed schedule that tested the group's endurance. Notably, these sessions represented Mick Ronson's final contributions to a Bowie album before his departure from the lineup later that year.[12][1][15] After wrapping the primary recordings in France, a limited number of overdubs were added at Trident Studios in London starting in early August 1973, finalizing the album's sound before mixing.[15]Musical arrangements and contributions
The musical arrangements on Pin Ups reimagined 1960s British rock tracks through a glam rock lens, amplifying their raw energy with heavier instrumentation and theatrical polish characteristic of early 1970s production.[5] This shift transformed the originals' garage and mod roots into layered compositions that retained structural fidelity while incorporating Bowie's era-defining flair, such as distorted guitars and dramatic swells.[16] Mick Ronson's guitar work stands out, with his solos and string arrangements adding emotional depth and grandeur; for instance, on "Rosalyn" (originally by the Pretty Things), Ronson's heavier, distorted electric guitars inject a proto-punk intensity to the garage rock template.[17][18] Similarly, his contributions on "See Emily Play" (Pink Floyd) infuse psychedelic elements, highlighted by Bowie's vocals mimicking Syd Barrett's ethereal delivery.[19] The rhythm section provides a tight backbone, with Trevor Bolder's bass lines anchoring the tracks' drive and Aynsley Dunbar's drumming delivering precise, propulsive support that contrasts the originals' looser feel.[1] Bowie's vocal stylings further elevate the adaptations, merging Ziggy Stardust-era theatrics with mod enthusiasm to reshape song moods—swooning dramatically on ballads and snarling with raw vigor on rockers.[16] Additions like Bowie's harmonica and piano on "Here Comes the Night" (Them) enhance its soulful tension, while Ronson's guitar mimics the original's harmonica riff for a seamless glam update.[20][21] These contributions collectively honor the source material's influences—drawing from Bowie's teenage favorites—while evolving them into a cohesive statement of glam evolution.[11]Artwork and packaging
Cover design
The front cover of Pin Ups features David Bowie posed alongside 1960s supermodel Twiggy, captured in a single striking shot that emphasizes contrast and theatricality. Photographed by Justin de Villeneuve in Paris on 18 July 1973, the image was originally commissioned for a British Vogue magazine feature but repurposed by Bowie for the album artwork due to its immediate visual impact.[22][23] Makeup artist Pierre Laroche applied bold, mask-like designs to the subjects' faces—Bowie's pale complexion juxtaposed against Twiggy's tanned skin from a recent Bermuda vacation—creating a surreal, nostalgic evocation of 1960s mod aesthetics and pin-up glamour. Bowie's styling, including a tailored suit, and his hand-on-hip pose underscore the era's flirtatious and performative fashion influences.[2][22] The album title Pin Ups serves as a multifaceted pun, alluding to the popular 1960s wall posters of glamorous models while symbolizing the record's tribute to mid-1960s British rock acts that Bowie idolized during his youth. This conceptual tie reinforces the cover's role in framing the album as a nostalgic homage to mod culture and proto-punk energy.[1] The inner sleeve contains additional photographs of Bowie's backing band, the Spiders from Mars (Mick Ronson, Trevor Bolder, and Woody Woodmansey), attired in retro 1960s outfits that echo the cover's thematic nod to the era's fashion and music scene.Packaging and formats
The original LP edition of Pin Ups was released by RCA Victor in 1973 in a gatefold sleeve containing the complete lyrics, black-and-white photographs of the band members, and detailed production credits.[24] The inner spread featured candid shots of David Bowie and his backing musicians, alongside technical notes on the recording process.[25] US pressings utilized orange RCA Victor Dynaflex labels and were primarily manufactured at the Indianapolis plant, with matrix numbers such as APL1-0291 A-1S and APL1-0291 B-1S etched in the runout grooves.[24] UK editions, catalogued as RS 1003, bore the same RCA Victor logo but exhibited minor artwork variations on the rear sleeve, including the placement of the catalogue number above the RCA logo and listings for international variants below it.[25] Both versions included the MainMan production logo on the back cover, with copyright notices dated 1973 for RCA Records.[24] Cassette and 8-track cartridge formats followed in 1973 under RCA, featuring standard protective cases with printed j-card inserts that mirrored the LP's front and back artwork, though without the gatefold's expanded content.[26] The US 8-track, catalogued APS1-0291, used a plastic cartridge housing with RCA branding, while the cassette employed a clear plastic shell with a colorful inlay card.[26] Subsequent digital releases, such as the 1990 CD reissue by RCA, were packaged in standard jewel cases with multi-panel inserts replicating the original gatefold elements, including an 8-panel foldout poster with lyrics, credits, and black-and-white photos.[27] These inserts preserved the album's visual and informational depth for compact disc consumers.[27]Release and promotion
Initial release
Pin Ups was released on 19 October 1973 by RCA Records in the United Kingdom, bearing the catalog number RS 1003 for the vinyl LP format.[25] The United States edition appeared simultaneously, distributed by RCA Victor with catalog number APL1-0291.[24] This timing positioned the album as a transitional release following David Bowie's announcement of retiring the Ziggy Stardust persona earlier that year, marking the wind-down of the associated tour that had concluded in July 1973.[1] Conceived as a stop-gap project after the success of Aladdin Sane, Pin Ups served as a companion album, offering Bowie's interpretations of 1960s British Invasion tracks to bridge the gap while he prepared original material for his next studio effort.[4] The release capitalized on Bowie's momentum from the Ziggy Stardust era, providing fans with a nostalgic yet energetic collection amid his evolving artistic direction. Internationally, the album rolled out across Europe and Australia in the weeks following the UK launch, with editions tailored to local markets through RCA subsidiaries. For instance, the Australian pressing used catalog number APL1-0291, while European variants such as the German release (catalog APL1-0291) featured minor adjustments to artwork and packaging for regional distribution standards.[3] Initial availability was robust, supported by RCA's established network to meet anticipated demand from Bowie's growing global audience.Singles and marketing
The lead single from Pin Ups was "Sorrow", a cover of the 1965 song originally by the McCoys and popularized by the Merseys, released on 12 October 1973 by RCA Records in both the UK and US. It reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart, marking Bowie's eighth top-ten single there, and spent 15 weeks in the chart. The B-side was "Amsterdam", an English adaptation of Jacques Brel's "Amsterdam" translated and arranged by Mick Ronson, which had been recorded during the album sessions but omitted from the final track listing. This was the sole single extracted from Pin Ups in major markets, with no additional singles released in the US or elsewhere to promote the album. RCA's marketing for Pin Ups positioned the record as a nostalgic return to Bowie's 1960s influences, featuring covers of mod-era British bands such as the Yardbirds, the Who, and Them to appeal to his growing international audience. Advertisements in music publications and radio spots highlighted the album's collection of "favorites" from Bowie's youth, framing it as a bridge between his glam rock phase and earlier British Invasion sounds. A promotional radio show, recorded in 1973 and featuring Bowie discussing the tracks, was distributed to stations as a tool to generate buzz ahead of the album's release. Bowie supported the single's promotion through television appearances, including a mimed performance of "Sorrow" on the BBC's Top of the Pops on 25 October 1973, broadcast while still embodying elements of his Ziggy Stardust persona.Commercial performance
Chart positions
Pin Ups achieved significant commercial success upon its release, topping the UK Albums Chart for five consecutive weeks starting on 3 November 1973, marking David Bowie's second number-one album in that territory following Aladdin Sane earlier the same year.[28] The album spent a total of 39 weeks on the chart.[28] In the United States, it reached a peak of number 23 on the Billboard 200 in December 1973 and remained on the chart for 21 weeks.[29] The release of the lead single "Sorrow", which peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, significantly boosted album sales and contributed to its strong chart performance.[28] Internationally, Pin Ups also performed well, reaching number four in Finland and number eight in Norway, while peaking at number four in Australia according to the Kent Music Report and number six in the Netherlands.[30][31][32]| Chart (1973) | Peak Position |
|---|---|
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 4 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 6 |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 4 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 8 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| US Billboard 200 | 23 |
Sales and certifications
Pin Ups achieved commercial success particularly in the United Kingdom, where it was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in November 1973, shortly after its release, recognizing sales value exceeding £150,000 at the time.[33] The album's strong performance contributed to its ranking at number 13 on the UK year-end albums chart for 1973.[34] As of 2017, Pin Ups has generated approximately 3.1 million equivalent album sales (CSPC) worldwide, including 2.75 million pure album sales, 330,000 from physical singles equivalents, and contributions from digital singles and streaming, reflecting sustained interest over decades.[35] In the United States, the album did not receive an RIAA certification, though it peaked at number 23 on the Billboard 200. No further BPI certifications beyond Gold were issued for the original release in subsequent years. Long-term sales trends indicate modest growth post-initial release, bolstered by Bowie's enduring catalog popularity, but without significant additional certifications as of November 2025.Critical reception
Contemporary reviews
Upon its release in October 1973, Pin Ups received mixed contemporary reviews, with UK critics often highlighting its nostalgic appeal and energetic execution, while US reviewers tended to criticize its lack of innovation and derivative approach to the source material. In the UK, Melody Maker critic Michael Watts praised the album's vibrant reinterpretations of 1960s British rock staples, describing it as a "brilliant" effort that captured Bowie's enthusiasm for his formative influences and infused the covers with fresh, nostalgic energy.[36] Similarly, New Musical Express reviewer Ian MacDonald acknowledged the record's homage to the "golden age" of rock but faulted it for not sufficiently differentiating the arrangements from the originals, deeming it "not Bowie's best work, but far from a total failure," while noting the standout guitar contributions from Mick Ronson that added punch to tracks like "Sorrow."[37] US reception was more divided, with Rolling Stone's Greg Shaw dismissing the album as overly derivative and nostalgic without meaningful reinvention, arguing that Bowie's mannered vocals mismatched the raw material and resulted in a "rehash" lacking originality.[38] In The Village Voice, Robert Christgau echoed this sentiment, assigning a B- grade and praising the concept of reviving British oldies as great but noting that fans of the originals were not very excited, as Bowie's screaming sounded arch rather than rock and roll.[39] Bowie addressed the critiques in subsequent interviews, viewing Pin Ups as a transitional "stop-gap" project to move beyond his Ziggy Stardust persona while honoring his musical roots, though he later expressed mixed feelings about its rushed production.[4]Retrospective assessments
In the 21st century, Pin Ups has garnered renewed appreciation for its nostalgic reinterpretation of 1960s British rock through a glam lens, often highlighted as an underrated entry in Bowie's catalog. AllMusic's review praises the album for effectively channeling the raw energy of Bowie's formative influences, describing it as a "surprisingly effective" tribute that bridges his glam phase with earlier mod-era sounds, awarding it 3 out of 5 stars. Similarly, a 2023 retrospective in Goldmine Magazine positions Pin Ups as the "underrated classic of David Bowie's glam-era," emphasizing how it revitalizes '60s tracks like The Pretty Things' "Rosalyn" and The Yardbirds' "I Wish You Would" with innovative production that infuses them with contemporary swagger. Pitchfork's coverage within its 2015 review of the Five Years 1969–1973 box set acknowledges the album's role in Bowie's evolution, rating the collection 8.3 out of 10 while noting Pin Ups as a lighter, covers-driven pivot that experiments with glam reinterpretations, though it critiques some uneven execution. Academic analyses have further contextualized Pin Ups as a transitional work, serving as a bridge between Bowie's Ziggy Stardust persona and his soul-inflected future. In David Buckley's 2005 biography Strange Fascination: David Bowie – The Definitive Story, the album is portrayed as a reflective pause that honors Bowie's mod roots while signaling the end of his collaboration with the Spiders from Mars, capturing a moment of artistic consolidation amid rapid reinvention. Buckley's account underscores how the record's selection of tracks from lesser-known '60s acts reflects Bowie's intent to reclaim and reframe his influences, positioning it as a pivotal link in his oeuvre. Among fans and critics, a consensus has emerged viewing Pin Ups as an underrated gem, particularly for showcasing the Spiders from Mars' final synergy before their 1973 disbandment. Discussions on platforms like Reddit highlight the band's tight interplay on tracks such as Them's "Here Comes the Night," with users praising Mick Ronson's guitar arrangements as a high point of Bowie's glam sound; aggregate user scores reflect this shift, with Rate Your Music assigning 2.7 out of 5 (based on over 9,000 ratings) and Album of the Year at 53 out of 100 from 1,200+ user reviews, indicating improved retrospective valuation compared to initial dismissals. Recent 50th-anniversary pieces, such as those in Tracking Angle and Rock and Roll Globe (both 2023), reinforce this, lauding the album's unpretentious fun and sonic clarity in remastered formats. The album's cover art, featuring Bowie and Twiggy in pin-up poses, has also drawn feminist critiques in the streaming era, examining its interplay with gender performance. A 2016 Los Angeles Review of Books essay on Bowie's 1970s output critiques the imagery as emblematic of his androgynous provocations, arguing that while it subverts traditional masculinity, it risks reinforcing objectifying tropes of female pin-up culture amid the era's glam excess. Such analyses, amplified by 2010s reissues and streaming accessibility, have spotlighted underrepresented angles like the album's visual rhetoric, with outlets like Miranda Journal (2023) exploring its reception through lenses of social performance and gender fluidity.Legacy
Cultural impact
Pin Ups played a significant role in David Bowie's artistic evolution, serving as a farewell to his glam rock phase and the Spiders from Mars backing band. Recorded with guitarist Mick Ronson and bassist Trevor Bolder from the Spiders, the album marked the end of this collaborative era, allowing Bowie to transition toward more experimental sounds, including the soul-infused style of his subsequent release, Young Americans in 1975. This shift reflected Bowie's restless reinvention, using the covers collection as a reflective pause before embracing American R&B influences and broader artistic explorations.[5] The album's reinterpretations of 1960s British Invasion tracks in a glam rock and proto-punk style influenced subsequent music movements, particularly the late-1970s mod revival in the UK. Bands like The Chords drew inspiration from Pin Ups' nod to the mod scene's garage rock roots, incorporating similar 1960s references into their sound and aesthetic amid punk's raw energy. Bowie's bold, theatrical covers helped bridge glam's excess with punk's aggression, providing a template for acts blending retro reverence with contemporary edge.[40] In fashion, Pin Ups contributed to Bowie's enduring legacy through its iconic cover featuring him alongside 1960s supermodel Twiggy, evoking a pin-up aesthetic that blended mod-era tailoring with glamorous nostalgia. Photographed by Justin de Villeneuve in Paris for British Vogue, the image—originally rejected by the magazine—captured Bowie in a sharp brown suit and Twiggy in a striped top, symbolizing his fusion of British subcultural style with high fashion. This visual approach echoed in later music videos and Britpop imagery, where Union Jack motifs and retro British icons, as seen in Oasis' flag-waving anthems, paid homage to Bowie's patriotic yet subversive style.[41][22] Recent tributes underscore the album's lasting cultural resonance, particularly in the 2020s. In 2023, to mark the 50th anniversary, artists like Richard Barone and Glenn Mercer performed a tribute concert at City Winery in New York, celebrating Pin Ups' covers and their influence on indie and revival scenes. On platforms like TikTok, younger audiences have revived mod aesthetics inspired by Bowie's early work, sharing content that connects Pin Ups' 1960s homages to contemporary fashion and music trends.[42]Reissues and remasters
The first compact disc edition of Pin Ups was released in 1990 by Rykodisc, marking the album's initial digital release and featuring a remaster along with two bonus tracks: a cover of Bruce Springsteen's "Growin' Up" and a version of Jacques Brel's "Amsterdam" (also known as "Port of Amsterdam").[43] This edition expanded the original 12-track album to 14 tracks, providing listeners with previously unreleased material from the era.[44] In 1999, Virgin Records issued a remastered version of Pin Ups utilizing 24-bit technology for improved audio fidelity. This enhanced CD format included multimedia elements and maintained the core tracklist without additional bonuses, emphasizing sonic clarity over new content.[45][46] The album received another significant remaster in 2015 by Parlophone Records, produced at 96kHz/24-bit resolution from the original tapes, and was included in the comprehensive box set Five Years 1969–1973. This edition integrated Pin Ups alongside remastered versions of Bowie's other albums from the period, while the set's exclusive Re:Call 1 compilation added contextual outtakes and alternate versions, such as the original mono single edit of "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud," highlighting unreleased material from the surrounding sessions.[47] Standalone releases of the 2015 remaster followed in CD and vinyl formats, including half-speed mastered LPs for analog enthusiasts.[48] To commemorate the album's 50th anniversary, Parlophone released a limited-edition vinyl reissue on October 20, 2023, featuring a half-speed master from the 192kHz restored original tapes at Abbey Road Studios, ensuring enhanced dynamic range and detail.[49] This 180-gram pressing replicated the original artwork and tracklist, focusing on archival fidelity without new bonus material.[50] By 2025, the 2015 remasters became widely available on streaming platforms in high-resolution audio formats up to 192kHz/24-bit, broadening access to the improved sound quality for digital listeners.[51]Track listing
Original edition
The original 1973 vinyl edition of Pin Ups consists of 12 cover versions of mid-1960s British rock songs, sequenced across two sides to balance high-energy openers with a mix of tempos, starting with fast-paced rockers like "Rosalyn" to evoke the raw excitement of the London club scene that inspired Bowie.[3] The total runtime is 34:09.[52]Side one
- "Rosalyn" (Jimmy Duncan, Bill Farley) – 3:02[3]
- "Here Comes the Night" (Bert Berns) – 3:06[3]
- "I Wish You Would" (Billy Boy Arnold) – 2:49[3]
- "See Emily Play" (Syd Barrett) – 4:10[3]
- "Everything's Alright" (Mick Ralphs) – 2:29[3]
- "I Can't Explain" (Pete Townshend) – 2:04[3]
Side two
- "Friday on My Mind" (Harry Vanda, George Young) – 2:56[3]
- "Sorrow" (Bob Feldman, Jerry Goldstein, Richard Gottehrer) – 2:53[3]
- "Don't Bring Me Down" (Johnnie Dee) – 2:26[3]
- "Shapes of Things" (Paul Samwell-Smith, Keith Relf, Jim McCarty) – 2:43[3]
- "Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere" (Pete Townshend, Roger Daltrey) – 3:11[3]
- "Where Have All the Good Times Gone!" (Ray Davies) – 2:35[3]