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Bonus

The term bonus most commonly refers to an extra payment or benefit given in addition to what is usual or expected, often as a reward or incentive. In employment, it is additional compensation provided by an employer to an employee beyond base salary or wages, typically for exceptional performance, meeting targets, or talent retention.^[1] This can include cash, stock options, or other perks, and is not guaranteed, depending on factors like company profitability.^[2] Originating from the Latin bonus meaning "good," it entered English in the mid-18th century for gratuities or premiums.^[3] Bonuses are integral to compensation, motivating employees and aligning with goals. Common types include performance-based (tied to achievements), signing (for new hires), and retention (to retain staff).^[4] Others are holiday/year-end (discretionary, linked to success) and referral (for hires).^[5] In the United States, bonuses under $1 million are subject to 22% federal income tax withholding as supplemental wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act (as of 2025).^[2] Sectors like finance and technology often offer higher bonuses.^[5] The concept extends beyond employment: in insurance, a bonus is a profit distribution to policyholders in with-profits plans;^[1] in business, promotional extras for customers.^[6] "Bonus" also serves as a proper name for people (e.g., historical figures like Bonus, Patriarch of Rome), places (e.g., Bonus, a crater on the Moon), brands and enterprises (e.g., Bonus supermarket chain), energy entities (e.g., Bonus Energy company), and in games/sports (e.g., bonus rounds or penalty rules).^[7]

General Concept

Definition and Etymology

A bonus is defined as something given or paid in addition to what is usual or strictly required, often as a reward for performance or achievement.^[7] This includes extra payments, benefits, or advantages, such as performance-based incentives in employment contracts or supplementary rewards in commercial transactions.^[7] The term "bonus" derives from the Latin adjective bonus, meaning "good" or "beneficial."^[3] It entered English directly from Latin in the mid-18th century, with the earliest recorded usage appearing in 1759 in financial contexts referring to additional gains or rewards.^[8] By 1773, it specifically denoted money or benefits provided as extra compensation to encourage work or investment.^[3] Historically, the concept evolved from these early financial applications, where "bonus" described supplemental shares or payments in lotteries and loans during the 18th century.^[8] By the 19th century, its usage expanded to wage structures, with employers offering year-end bonuses or holiday gifts—such as turkeys for laborers or watches for managers—as discretionary rewards beyond base pay.^[9] This shift reflected growing industrial practices aimed at boosting worker morale and productivity.^[10]

Common Applications

In employment, bonuses commonly serve as additional compensation beyond regular salaries to recognize performance, loyalty, or company success, with year-end bonuses being a prevalent form distributed at the close of fiscal periods to reward annual contributions.^[4] These incentives often include profit-sharing plans where employees receive a portion of organizational earnings, fostering alignment with business goals.^[5] In retail and customer-facing sectors, bonuses manifest as loyalty rewards, such as bonus points or discounts accrued through purchase thresholds in programs like those offered by major chains, encouraging repeat business and higher spending.^[11] Promotional extras, including buy-one-get-one offers or instant rebates, further exemplify bonuses by providing unexpected value to stimulate immediate sales and build long-term patronage.^[12] Psychologically, bonuses function as extrinsic motivators that influence behavior by linking rewards to desired outcomes, as outlined in expectancy theory, which posits that individuals exert effort when they anticipate that performance will yield valued incentives like monetary bonuses.^[13] Research from the 1960s, including Victor Vroom's foundational work on work motivation, demonstrated that such incentive structures can enhance productivity through heightened effort and persistence, though effects are often short-term and contingent on perceived fairness.^[14] Subsequent meta-analyses confirm these findings, showing average performance gains of around 22% from incentive programs, underscoring bonuses' role in directing attention and mobilizing resources without guaranteeing sustained intrinsic motivation.^[15] Culturally, the term "bonus" carries distinct connotations in Commonwealth countries, where it frequently denotes profit-sharing additions in participating life insurance policies, such as reversionary or terminal bonuses that augment the policy's sum assured based on the insurer's surplus earnings.^[16] In India and the UK, for instance, these bonuses are declared annually and vest over the policy term, providing policyholders with compounded returns beyond premiums paid.^[17] This contrasts with U.S. practices, where employee bonuses are treated as supplemental wages subject to federal withholding at a flat 22% rate for amounts up to $1 million, alongside standard income, Social Security, and Medicare taxes, without the insurance-specific profit-sharing tradition prevalent in Commonwealth contexts.^[18]

People

Historical Figures

Bonosus (died c. 280 AD) was a Roman military officer of Romano-British origin, born in Hispania to a British father and a Gallic mother, who served as the commander of the Rhine fleet under Emperor Probus. In 280, during a period of instability in the late Roman Empire marked by barbarian incursions and internal rebellions, Bonosus allowed Germanic raiders to cross the Rhine and burn part of the imperial wine fleet under his watch, reportedly due to intoxication; fearing severe punishment from Probus, he proclaimed himself emperor alongside fellow officer Proculus at Colonia Agrippina (modern Cologne). Probus swiftly mobilized forces to suppress the uprising, defeating Bonosus's troops after a series of engagements; despairing of victory, Bonosus committed suicide by hanging, while Probus mercifully spared his wife Attia and their sons. This short-lived revolt exemplified the broader Crisis of the Third Century, highlighting the fragility of imperial authority and the role of provincial commanders in challenging central power. Bonosus of Trier (died c. 373 AD), also known as Saint Bonosus, was a 4th-century bishop and early Christian leader in the Roman province of Germania Superior, renowned for his staunch defense of Nicene orthodoxy against Arianism during a time of intense theological strife.^[19] Succeeding Paulinus as bishop of Trier around 358, following the latter's exile for opposing Emperor Constantius II's pro-Arian policies, Bonosus had previously been imprisoned circa 353 alongside Paulinus for refusing to sign an Arian-leaning creed at the Council of Arles.^[19] As bishop, he actively suppressed heretical teachings within his diocese, educating the faithful and upholding Trinitarian doctrine amid the empire's religious divisions, as documented in early hagiographies and synodal records.^[19] Venerated as a saint in the Diocese of Trier with a feast day on February 17, Bonosus's legacy underscores the pivotal role of Gallic bishops in preserving Catholic unity against imperial-backed heterodoxy; his relics were later enshrined in Trier's St. Paulinus Church.^[19] In the 19th century, the surname Bonus—derived from the Latin word for "good" and often a humanistic adoption in Germanic or Polish contexts—appeared in historical records primarily among ordinary families in Europe and North America, but no verified prominent explorers, leaders, or public figures bearing it achieved widespread renown. For instance, literary pseudonyms like "Bonus Hart" occasionally surfaced in niche publications, reflecting the name's etymological appeal, though such uses lacked significant historical impact.

Contemporary Individuals

Bonus (born Karim, 1985) is a French contemporary street artist and graffiti writer from Argenteuil, near Paris, who emerged in the 1990s and has since gained recognition for his urban art installations and murals that blend graffiti with fine art techniques.^[20] His work often explores themes of urban identity and social dynamics, with notable exhibitions in European galleries during the 2010s and 2020s, establishing him as a key figure in the post-graffiti movement.^[20] Martin Hůla, known by his stage name Bonus (also Bourek), is a Czech rapper, DJ, and songwriter active in the independent hip-hop scene since the early 2000s.^[21] He founded the band Sporto in the 1990s and transitioned to solo work, releasing albums that emphasize DIY production and lyrical introspection, earning a critics' award for underground success in 2012.^[22] Bonus has contributed to the Czech rap landscape through collaborations and performances, maintaining relevance in European hip-hop circuits into the 2020s.^[23] Ben Bonus (1920–1984), born Baruch Bonus, was a prominent American Yiddish theatre actor, producer, director, and singer. Immigrating to the United States from Poland in 1937, he became a key figure in preserving Yiddish cultural traditions through performances on Broadway and in Yiddish revues, often collaborating with his wife, actress Mina Bern. His career spanned from the 1940s to the 1980s, including notable roles in productions like Light, Lively and Yiddish (1970).

Places

Natural Features

Natural features named "Bonus" are scarce in established geographical and astronomical nomenclature, with no major sites documented in authoritative databases. On the Moon, no impact crater named "Bonus" appears in the official listings maintained by the International Astronomical Union and the U.S. Geological Survey's planetary nomenclature gazetteer. In Antarctica, the Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, a collaborative resource from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, records no glacier or ice feature by the name "Bonus" in the Pensacola Mountains or elsewhere. Similarly, global searches for other natural elements such as islands or rocks named "Bonus" in oceanic regions like the Pacific yield no verified results in sources like the U.S. Board on Geographic Names or international hydrographic records.

Human Settlements

Bonus, Texas, is an unincorporated community in Wharton County, located fifteen miles north of the city of Wharton in northern Wharton County, near the junction of Farm roads 102 and 2614. The community originated in the mid-1890s when the Cane Belt line of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway was built through the area and was named Bonus in 1896, when the railroad owners received a bonus for building the line. The Bonus oilfield was discovered in 1918. The Bonus school district was established in 1920, serving a small rural population with one teacher and thirty-seven students by 1930.^[24] By 1936, Bonus supported two local businesses and had a population of fifty residents, primarily engaged in oil-related activities and agriculture. The community's economy reflected broader patterns in rural Texas, where oil booms drove initial growth followed by decline as fields depleted. The population dwindled to forty-two by the 1980s, with no businesses operating; by 1990, the area reported no rated enterprises, indicating an economic shift away from resource extraction toward sparse residential use. This trajectory highlights migration patterns in oil-dependent communities, with residents relocating for employment opportunities elsewhere in the state.^[24]^[25] Historical settlements named Bonus include small unincorporated areas in other U.S. states, such as Pennsylvania, where brief post office operations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries marked transient communities tied to industrial development. Similarly, Bonus, Mississippi, is a small unincorporated farming community in Franklin County, located about five miles west of Gloster.^[26] These examples underscore the ephemeral nature of place names linked to economic incentives or booms in American history.

Brands and Enterprises

Retail and Consumer Brands

Bonus Bonds was a consumer savings scheme in New Zealand, established in 1970 by the government under the Unit Trusts Act as an alternative to traditional interest-bearing accounts. Instead of paying interest, the scheme operated as a unit trust where bondholders entered monthly prize draws for cash prizes ranging from small amounts to a top prize of NZ$1 million, with prizes funded by investment returns on the pooled funds. Managed by ANZ Investment Services, it appealed to risk-averse savers seeking a "fun" element in saving, with bonds available in denominations as low as NZ$20 and fully redeemable at face value.^[27]^[28]^[29] At its height in the late 2010s, Bonus Bonds had over NZ$3 billion in value on issue, with approximately 99.91% of prizes being NZ$50 or less, emphasizing frequent small wins over high odds of large payouts. In the year ended March 2019, it distributed NZ$39.6 million in prizes across the NZ$3.3 billion portfolio. The scheme's popularity stemmed from its tax-free prizes and government backing, making it a staple in household finances until ANZ announced its closure in August 2020 due to declining viability amid low interest rates.^[28]^[30]^[31] Following the wind-up, ANZ began repaying bondholders starting October 2020, with the scheme fully wound up by February 2024. Initial repayments totaled around NZ$680 million by late 2021, but the process continued thereafter. By July 2022, the total value at closure was NZ$3.5 billion, of which about NZ$76 million remained unclaimed. As of February 2024, the scheme was fully wound up, with any remaining unclaimed wind-up distributions held by the Inland Revenue Department, where holders can search and claim via the official unclaimed money database.^[30]^[32]^[33]^[34] Although discontinued, Bonus Bonds left a legacy as an innovative retail financial product that blended savings with lottery-like excitement in the New Zealand market.

Industrial and Service Brands

Bonus Tech Inc., based in Miami, Florida, is a leading U.S. provider of engine teardown services in the aerospace sector, specializing in disassembly, parts identification, and packaging for repair stations, part distributors, airlines, and banks. Established prior to 2015, the company has processed over 1,000 engines by that year and achieved a milestone in 2017 by completing the first full teardown of a General Electric CF34 engine in North America, enhancing its capabilities in high-precision industrial operations. In 2025, Bonus Tech received FAA Part 145 certification, enabling expanded repair and maintenance services across engine models like CFM56, GE90, and CF34, primarily serving the global aerospace supply chain through B2B partnerships.^[35]^[36]^[37] Bonus Eventus Maintenance Ltd., founded in 2015 and headquartered in the UK, delivers B2B maintenance services focused on HVAC, mechanical, and electrical systems for commercial facilities, including shopping centers, schools, care homes, and hotels. The company emphasizes efficiency through planned preventative maintenance and 24/7 reactive repairs, with a typical response time of two hours, supporting supply chain reliability in building operations across London, Surrey, Hampshire, and surrounding regions. A notable case study involves Marathon House, where customized maintenance packages reduced costs and improved system performance, reflecting Bonus Eventus's approach to operational bonuses via streamlined service contracts; the firm has expanded its client base to over 150 sites in recent years.^[38]^[39]^[40] Bonus HR Consulting, operating since the 2010s, provides specialized B2B human resources services to small and medium-sized organizations, focusing on aligning people, processes, and culture through outsourced HR functions, policy development, and leadership training. The firm offers hands-on solutions for workforce challenges, including compensation strategy and performance management, without proprietary software but emphasizing pragmatic tools for bonus and incentive program design to enhance employee retention and productivity. Its services support industrial and service clients by revamping HR policies and delivering targeted training, ensuring compliance and operational efficiency in dynamic business environments.^[41]

Energy

Energy Companies Named Bonus

Bonus Energy A/S was a Danish wind turbine manufacturer founded in 1980 as a diversification from irrigation systems by Danregn. Headquartered in Brande, it became a leading supplier in the wind energy sector, with a cumulative market share of approximately 9% by 2003. The company produced various turbine models, including the offshore-capable B82/2300 with 2.3 MW capacity. In 2004, Siemens acquired Bonus Energy A/S, integrating it into Siemens Wind Power (later Siemens Gamesa), which formed the core of their global wind activities.^[42]^[43]

Bonus Structures in Energy Markets

In energy markets, production bonuses refer to government incentives designed to encourage renewable energy developers to surpass baseline output or meet enhanced standards, often through additive tax credits under the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022. These bonuses augment the core Investment Tax Credit (ITC) or Production Tax Credit (PTC), which provide base support for solar, wind, and other clean energy projects, by offering up to 10-20% additional value for fulfilling specific criteria that promote domestic manufacturing, workforce development, or deployment in underserved areas.^[44] Key examples include the domestic content bonus, which increases the PTC by 10% or the ITC by 10 percentage points for projects using a certain percentage of U.S.-manufactured components, such as steel and iron; eligibility requires certification via IRS Forms 8835 or 3468, with safe harbors for cost increases exceeding 25% due to unavailable domestic materials.^[45] The energy community bonus adds 10% to credits for facilities located in areas with histories of fossil fuel employment, like closed coal mines or plants, aiming to redirect investment toward renewables in economically transitioning regions; projects must begin construction after 2022 and meet prevailing wage requirements to qualify fully.^[46] Similarly, the low-income communities bonus provides 10-20% adders for projects on Indian lands, in low-income areas, or via affordable housing programs, with allocations capped annually at 1.8 gigawatts of capacity to prioritize equitable access.^[47] The prevailing wage and apprenticeship bonus multiplies the base credit by five times if projects adhere to Department of Labor wage standards and employ a minimum percentage of registered apprentices, fostering skilled labor while incentivizing scaled production.^[48]^[49] These structures effectively subsidize exceeding standard output targets by rewarding compliance with policy-aligned enhancements, with full bonuses available through 2032 for eligible clean energy initiatives.^[50] Performance bonuses in energy trading compensate traders for achieving superior risk management outcomes, particularly successful hedging against price fluctuations in commodities like oil and natural gas. These incentives typically manifest as variable payouts tied to profit generation from trades that mitigate exposure, such as futures contracts or options that lock in favorable prices amid market volatility; for instance, ExxonMobil introduced all-cash performance bonuses for select oil traders starting in 2024, eligible only for those handling physical commodity flows and structured to reward hedging efficacy without equity components.^[51] In broader oil markets, bonuses often scale with overall desk profitability from hedging strategies, where traders earn 20-30% of generated profits, nearly double traditional merchant rates, especially during periods of quota adjustments that heighten uncertainty.^[52] Such mechanisms gained prominence in 2025 amid OPEC+ decisions to incrementally raise production quotas by 137,000 barrels per day monthly from October onward, creating opportunities for bonuses linked to navigating resulting supply-demand imbalances and price swings.^[53] Firms redesign these bonuses around key performance indicators (KPIs) like value-at-risk reduction and long-term portfolio stability, ensuring payouts align with sustainable trading success rather than short-term speculation.^[54] Risk-adjusted bonuses for energy sector executives integrate volatility metrics into compensation formulas to balance rewards for performance against exposure to unpredictable factors like oil price swings, conceptually scaling base pay by factors that account for market risk without over-incentivizing high-volatility bets. These structures aim to align executive decisions with shareholder interests by incorporating adjustments such as multipliers derived from historical or implied volatility indices, where higher risk exposure reduces the bonus proportion unless offset by superior risk-adjusted returns like Sharpe ratios.^[55] In practice, energy firms apply these to annual incentive plans, tying 20-50% of payouts to metrics that penalize unmitigated volatility impacts, as seen in 2025 oil and gas executive bonuses averaging 120% of target amid fluctuating crude prices, with adjustments ensuring rewards reflect controllable performance over exogenous shocks.^[56] Seminal analyses highlight that without such adjustments, executives may capture "pay-for-luck" from oil price booms—a 10% price rise correlates with 2% higher compensation—prompting boards to embed risk calibrations for more equitable outcomes.^[57] This conceptual framework promotes prudent management in volatile environments, prioritizing long-term value creation over raw profitability.^[58]

Games and Sports

Sports Rules and Penalties

In basketball, the bonus rule, also known as the penalty situation, activates when a team accumulates a specified number of team fouls in a quarter, granting the opposing team free throws on subsequent non-shooting fouls to discourage excessive fouling and promote continuous play. In the NBA, the bonus takes effect after the fourth team foul per quarter, awarding two free throws; this structure was refined in the 1950s alongside the introduction of the 24-second shot clock to accelerate the game and reduce stalling tactics.^[59]^[60] In FIBA-governed international play, the threshold is the fifth team foul per quarter, similarly resulting in two free throws, with fouls resetting at the end of each period.^[61] The rule significantly influences strategy, as teams often adjust defensive aggression to avoid triggering it; free throws in the NBA have historically averaged around 75-78% success rate league-wide, providing a reliable scoring opportunity.^[62] In soccer, the concept of a penalty bonus manifests through rules addressing repeated fouls, particularly via the persistent offences provision in IFAB's Laws of the Game, which awards an indirect free kick to the opposing team after a caution for ongoing violations, serving as a one-time escalation to maintain fair play. This mechanism, outlined in Law 12, applies when a player repeatedly commits different offenses, such as impeding progress without contact or dangerous play, prompting the referee to issue a yellow card and restart with an indirect free kick from the infraction site.^[63] The rule emphasizes referee discretion to curb tactical fouling without disrupting flow, though direct free kicks remain for physical contact fouls.^[64] The indirect free kick was introduced in 1872 to penalize technical infringements like handball, with provisions for persistent offences evolving over time to include cautions for repeated minor violations.) In rugby union, bonus points reward attacking performance and close contests under World Rugby regulations, with one additional point awarded for scoring four or more tries in a match, regardless of the outcome, to encourage expansive play. This try bonus, part of the standard scoring system (four points for a win, two for a draw), was introduced in the early 2000s, first trialed in domestic competitions like New Zealand's in 1995 before adoption at the 2003 Rugby World Cup to heighten competition in pool stages.^[65] A separate losing bonus point is granted for defeats by seven points or fewer, but the try incentive specifically promotes try-scoring strategies, as seen in tournaments where teams pursue it aggressively in the closing minutes.^[66]

Other Sports

In ice hockey, a penalty results in a power play, often referred to as a bonus advantage for the non-penalized team, where they play with one or more extra players for a set duration (typically 2 minutes for minor penalties) to compensate for the infraction and encourage disciplined play. This mechanic, governed by IIHF and NHL rules, originated in the early 20th century as organized leagues formalized penalties to maintain fairness.^[67]

Gaming Mechanics and Features

In video games, bonus mechanics serve as rewarding interludes or collectibles that enhance player engagement by providing opportunities for additional points, lives, or progression without advancing the core narrative. These features originated in early arcade titles to encourage repeated play and skill mastery, evolving from simple pickups to complex, optional challenges that influence replayability and high-score chasing. Bonus levels and stages represent a prominent example of such mechanics, functioning as optional segments unlocked through performance thresholds like achieving high scores or collecting items. In the seminal 1980 arcade game Pac-Man, fruits appear periodically in the maze center after eating a set number of dots, offering escalating point bonuses—starting with 100 points for a cherry and reaching 5,000 for a key in later waves—to incentivize precise timing amid ghost pursuits.^[68] This collectible-style bonus laid foundational design principles, emphasizing risk-reward dynamics. Over decades, bonus stages expanded into dedicated challenges; for instance, Street Fighter II (1991) features a car-smashing interlude after consecutive victories, where players rack up points by demolishing vehicles with bare hands, directly tying combat prowess to scoring potential.^[69] By the late 2010s, these mechanics integrated into virtual reality (VR) experiences, with titles like Shadow Point (2019) incorporating bonus levels as puzzle extensions that build on optical illusion themes, fostering immersion through spatial interaction and procedural elements for varied replays.^[70] Titles like Ven VR Adventure (2020) feature bonus stages that enhance exploratory freedom and player agency in expansive worlds.^[71] In board games, bonuses often reward efficient resource use, altering strategic depth. Scrabble, the classic word-building game, grants a 50-point "bingo" bonus for playing all seven tiles in a single turn, applied after calculating the word's base score including any premium squares.^[72] This mechanic, universal in official rules but termed "bingo" prominently in tournament contexts outside casual North American play, encourages anagramming and risk assessment, as the probability of drawing a bingo-ready rack is approximately 1 in 12 to 20 for initial draws from the 100-tile bag.^[73] Strategically, players prioritize high-probability bingos—often involving common stems like prefixes or suffixes—via memorized lists, boosting average game scores by 20-30% for experts who land two or more per match, though dynamic tile depletion adjusts odds mid-game. Quiz bowl, a competitive trivia format blending individual buzzing with team collaboration, employs bonuses as multi-part questions to deepen intellectual engagement. Standardized since the 1980s through organizations like the National Academic Quiz Tournaments (NAQT), bonuses follow a correct tossup answer and typically comprise three discrete parts worth 10 points each (totaling 30), allowing team discussion for 10-20 seconds per part to unpack layered clues on topics from history to science.^[74] This structure promotes balanced participation and higher cognitive rewards compared to solo tossups (10 points), with NAQT's guidelines ensuring clues build progressively in difficulty. By 2025, online quiz bowl trends emphasize virtual formats, with NAQT's Buzzword platform and expanded leagues enabling remote tournaments that mirror in-person pacing via video conferencing, sustaining growth post-pandemic through accessible, low-barrier entry for global teams.^[75]

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Bonus Energy Ltd was founded in 2006. The company's line of business includes performing geophysical, geological, and other exploration services for oil and ...
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https://hwcollab.org/listing/bonus-hr-consulting/
[42]
[PDF] Tuesday March 29, 1988 - GovInfo
Mar 29, 1988 · ... U.S. purchasers and. Canadian suppliers. Bonus intends to purchase natural gas primarily from its affiliate, Bonus Petroleum Corporation, but ...
[43]
FACT SHEET: How the Inflation Reduction Act's Tax Incentives Are ...
Oct 20, 2023 · By creating incentives for paying prevailing wages and utilizing qualified apprentices from registered apprenticeship programs in clean energy ...
[44]
Domestic content bonus credit | Internal Revenue Service
May 29, 2025 · The domestic content bonus credit is available to taxpayers that certify their qualified facility, energy project or energy storage technology.Missing: subsidies exceeding targets
[45]
Guide For Energy Community Tax Credit Bonus & Eligibility
Apr 11, 2024 · The energy community bonus provides a 10% increase to a project's credit value if the underlying project is located in an energy community.
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[PDF] Inflation Reduction Act Guide for Solar and Storage Projects - nyserda
Jan 1, 2024 · The IRA also includes bonus tax credits for eligible clean energy projects that are in low-income communities or energy communities (Figure 6), ...Missing: subsidies | Show results with:subsidies
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Prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements - IRS
Taxpayers may receive increased tax credits or deduction amounts for clean energy projects by satisfying wage and apprenticeship requirements detailed in ...
[48]
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) Wage and Apprenticeship Requirements
Feb 20, 2025 · The IRA tax credits and deductions subsidize the construction, alteration, or repair of certain energy infrastructure.
[49]
Clean Energy Tax Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act
The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act includes some two dozen tax provisions that will save families money on their energy bills and accelerate the deployment of ...Missing: targets criteria
[50]
Exxon Will Pay Some Oil Traders Cash Bonuses in Expansion Plan
Dec 13, 2023 · Only the latter will be eligible for performance bonuses. The bonuses will be all cash and will be paid out starting in December 2024.
[51]
Hedge Funds Lure Oil Traders With Seven-Figure Signing Bonuses
Dec 9, 2022 · Hedge funds are offering about 20% to 30% of profits as a bonus, nearly double what commodity merchants typically provide, according to ...Missing: performance successes
[52]
https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/hedge-funds-lure-oil-traders-with-seven-figure-signing-bonuses
[53]
Redesigning trader incentives in volatile energy markets - Baringa
Oct 10, 2022 · To achieve better returns, the bonus system of energy trading companies needs to be enriched with KPIs that focus on the areas described below.
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Executive compensation and corporate performance of energy ...
... risk-adjusted performance. This suggests that the RtoTR price impact ratio is more effective in the PSX compared to the RtoV ratio. Our findings suggest ...
[55]
2025 Oil & Gas Executive Compensation Trends - Pay Governance
Jun 6, 2025 · The 2025 NEO dataset shows CEOs with an industry median actual bonus payout of 120.30% of target, with E&P at 142.30%, midstream at 140.90%, ...Missing: risk- | Show results with:risk-
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[PDF] Are Energy Executives Rewarded For Luck?
We find that a 10% increase in oil prices is associated with a 2%increase in executive compensation. This oil price effect holds for both CEOs and non-CEOs and ...
[57]
[PDF] Are Energy Executives Rewarded For Luck?
In an influential paper, Bertrand and Mullainathan (2001) show that energy exec- utives are rewarded for high oil prices, which they term pay-for-luck.
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NBA rules have adapted over the years to make the game more fun ...
Feb 21, 2019 · NBA rules have undergone numerous changes over the years, such as the widening of the lanes in the 1950s and the addition of the 3-point shot in 1979.
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What is Bonus in Basketball - Sideline Interactive
In the NBA, the bonus rule is triggered when a team commits more than four team fouls in a quarter, leading to free throws for the opposing team. These foul ...
[60]
Rule Differences between FIBA & NFHS Rules - Google Sites
Bonus. FIBA - On 5 th team foul (2 shots). Team fouls reset after each quarter. NFHS - On 7 th team foul (1 and 1) and on 10 th team foul (2 shots). Team ...
[61]
The Worst Free-Throw Shooters in NBA History - Noah Basketball
Jul 24, 2013 · In one of our first blogs we stated that NBA free-throw shooting percentages have been constant at about 75 percent since 1958.
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Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct - IFAB
Team B player must be cautioned (yellow card) for delaying the restart of play. Play is restarted according to the previous decision (free kick).
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Laws of the game - Documents | IFAB
The IFAB provides "Laws of the Game" documents, including the 2025/26 and 2024/25 versions, available in double and single page formats.
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[PDF] Laws of the Game 1925/26 Download - IFAB
A suitable mark shall be made opposite the centre of each goal,. 12 yards from the goal-line; this shall be the penalty kick mark. The Ball. The circumference ...
[65]
Rugby World Cup bonus points explained
Aug 30, 2023 · Four points are awarded for a win. · Two points are awarded for a draw. · A try bonus point is awarded to teams that score four or more tries in a ...Missing: 2000s | Show results with:2000s
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Rugby Bonus Points Explained | Net World Sports Blog
Feb 4, 2025 · If a team scores 4 or more tries in a match and win the match, they are awarded a bonus point – giving a total of 5 points.Missing: 2000s | Show results with:2000s
[67]
Fruits | Pac-Man Wiki - Fandom
Fruits in Pac-Man are bonuses that award points when eaten, and can include foods, drinks, and sometimes objects like Bells and Keys.
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The 25 best bonus levels of all time - Games Radar
Mar 31, 2014 · The 25 best bonus levels of all time · In the pursuit of extra lives · Car smash (Street Fighter 2) · Halfpipe dash (Sonic 2) · Andy Asteroids ( ...
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BONUS LEVELS 1-2 - Shadow Point | Part 11 Playthrough - YouTube
Sep 7, 2019 · Comments · BONUS LEVELS 3-5 - Shadow Point | Part 12 Playthrough | Oculus Quest VR · We Are One | Part 2 | This Level Broke My Brain (And My ...
[70]
bonus stages :: Ven VR Adventure General Discussions
Jan 1, 2022 · hi guys. love the game! just wondering how to unlock bonus stages and how many there are.Missing: video | Show results with:video<|separator|>
[71]
The Official Rules of Scrabble
Playing all seven of your tiles on a turn is known as a “bingo” or a “bonus. ... Mattel & Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro or Hasbro Canada. © 2025 ...
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[PDF] Scrabble® Seven-letter Words - Gathering 4 Gardner
Jul 1, 2019 · The probability that a randomly drawn starting rack can make a bingo is an unexpectedly high. 12.92%. A future paper will present our research ...
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[PDF] BRIEF SUMMARY OF RULES - NAQT
A bonus question will have three parts, each with a separate clue for a separate answer. Occasionally a bonus will ask for multiple answers within a single ...
[74]
Buzzword - NAQT
going on right now!)Log In · Practice Buzzword · Introduction · Answer-Judging and ProtestsMissing: trends | Show results with:trends