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Postal

'''Postal''' may refer to:

People

Fred Postal

Frederick Postal was an American businessman and early Major League Baseball executive, best known as a co-owner and president of the in the during its inaugural years. A hotelier from , Postal acquired a minority stake in the franchise ahead of the 1901 season, partnering with league president , who held majority control with 51 percent ownership. Postal was elected team president, serving in a figurehead capacity while Johnson directed major decisions, as the Senators compiled a 61–72 record and finished sixth in the eight-team league that year. Postal's tenure involved navigating the challenges of a new , including player acquisitions and operational setup in Under his nominal leadership, the Senators drew 161,661 fans in 1901, reflecting modest interest in the nascent amid competition from the established . Tensions arose by 1903, when Postal clashed with field manager Tom Loftus over roster moves, prompting him to threaten in of that year amid the team's dismal 43–94 finish and last-place standing. His involvement helped stabilize the during its formative period, contributing to the league's growth despite on-field struggles. In early March 1904, purchased Postal's remaining shares for $15,000, ending his ownership and paving the way for the team to be sold to a syndicate led by Thomas C. later that year. Postal's brief role exemplified the business risks and opportunities in professional baseball's expansion era, where investors like him provided essential capital to establish the as a major rival to the . His acumen as a proprietor translated to sports management, though his direct impact was limited to the Senators' early infrastructure.

Paul Postal

Paul Martin Postal (born November 10, 1936) is an American linguist renowned for his contributions to syntactic theory and . He earned a Ph.D. in from in 1963, with a dissertation on syntax that introduced early ideas on unaccusative verbs. Postal's academic career included positions as a research associate and assistant professor at from 1961 to 1965, associate and full professor at the from 1965 to 1967, research staff member at IBM's from 1967 to 1993, and professor of at from 1993 until his retirement in 2009. Postal's early work focused on and the integration of and semantics. In his book Aspects of Phonological Theory, he explored generative phonology, arguing for a systematic approach to sound patterns within and critiquing earlier structuralist models. His 1974 monograph On Raising: One Rule of English Grammar and Its Theoretical Implications provided a detailed analysis of constructions, positing that certain s lack underlying and advocating for a unified governing subject-to-object raising in verb phrases, known as Postal's on verb phrases. These works established him as a key figure in early generative linguistics, influencing debates on the nature of grammatical transformations. Throughout his career, Postal co-developed relational grammar with in the 1970s and 1980s, emphasizing over phrase structure configurations, and introduced Arc Pair Grammar as a formal for syntactic relations. His later scholarship critically challenged Noam Chomsky's theories, particularly the and biolinguistic approaches, arguing for abstract, non-biological foundations of language in works like Skeptical Linguistic Essays (2004). Postal's tenure at involved computational applications of , contributing to through analyses of extraction and clause structure. His legacy endures in syntax for promoting rigorous empirical testing of theoretical claims and fostering interdisciplinary links between theoretical and computational .

Arts and entertainment

Video games

The Postal video game series is a franchise of satirical shooter games developed primarily by Running with Scissors (RWS), an independent studio founded in 1996 in Tucson, Arizona. The series debuted with Postal in 1997, an isometric top-down shooter where players control the unnamed protagonist, later retroactively referred to as the "Postal Dude," as he navigates 17 levels across various locales, engaging in fast-paced combat with weapons like shotguns and napalm launchers against crowds of enemies. The game's hand-painted backgrounds and emphasis on strategic violence set it apart in the late 1990s gaming landscape, though it immediately drew criticism for its graphic content depicting mass shootings and destruction. Subsequent entries expanded the formula, shifting to first-person perspectives and open-world elements. Postal 2, released in 2003, follows the Postal Dude through a simulated week of mundane errands in a small town, allowing players to choose between non-violent or extremely violent paths using improvised weapons and environmental interactions, often satirizing suburban life and sensationalism. Postal III, developed in collaboration with Trashmasters and published by in 2011, continued the series in a third-person view set in a war-torn , emphasizing absurd humor and escalating . The most recent mainline title, Postal 4: No Regerts, launched in 2022 under RWS's direction using 4, returning to first-person gameplay in the open world of Edensin, , where the Postal Dude tackles quests with his Champ, blending freedom with over-the-top action. In June 2025, RWS announced Postal 2 Redux, a remastered version for PS5, Xbox Series X/S, Switch, PS4, , and PC. Throughout, the series features the Postal Dude as a silent, rage-fueled , with themes of unchecked serving as dark on societal issues like and outrage . The Postal series has had a significant cultural impact, particularly in debates over violence, with its provocative content leading to bans in 14 countries, including , , and , due to depictions of high-impact and immorality. In the United States, it faced retail pullouts and , notably cited in congressional hearings on effects following events like the shooting, fueling legal and ethical discussions on interactive . Despite backlash—including to developers and a zero rating from Computer Gaming World—the franchise has cultivated dedicated fan communities through mods, multiplayer expansions, and events like the annual Postal Jam.

Literature

Going Postal is a fantasy novel by , published on 25 September 2004 by Doubleday in the and in the United States. It is the 33rd book in the series and the first installment in the Industrial Revolution sub-series. The story centers on , a convicted con artist who is offered a choice between execution and redemption by serving as the of , tasked with reviving the city's long-defunct post office amid competition from the clacks, a semaphore-based communication . The explores themes of targeting , unchecked , and the societal role of communication technologies. Pratchett critiques corporate monopolies through the ruthless Grand Trunk Company, which controls the clacks system and embodies exploitative business practices, while highlighting the human connections fostered by traditional mail delivery. Moist's entrepreneurial reforms satirize and , portraying how personal ingenuity can challenge institutional stagnation without descending into libertarian excess. The of the clacks underscores tensions between rapid technological advancement and reliable, personal communication. Going Postal received critical acclaim for its wit and social commentary, becoming a commercial success as part of Pratchett's series, which has sold over 100 million copies worldwide. It was nominated for the 2005 and shortlisted for the , though Pratchett withdrew the latter nomination to allow other works a chance. The book also won the 2013 Tähtifantasia Award and the 2014 Geffen Award for Fantasy. It was adapted into a 2010 Sky1 television miniseries starring as .

Television and film

The two-part miniseries Going Postal (2010) is a television adaptation of Terry Pratchett's novel of the same name, produced by The Mob Films and first broadcast on in the on 30 May 2010. Directed by , the series stars as the charismatic con artist , alongside as the tyrannical Reacher Gilt and as the scheming Patrician Havelock Vetinari. The production blends aesthetics with Pratchett's signature satirical humor, earning praise for its faithful yet visually inventive take on the source material. In the plot, narrowly escapes execution by being coerced into reviving Ankh-Morpork's dilapidated , which has been overshadowed by the faster but corrupt clacks network. Through clever schemes, including the introduction of the first postage stamps and a grand race against the clacks, Moist rallies a team of eccentric postal workers to restore public faith in mail delivery, exposing corporate greed and bureaucratic decay in a fantastical world. The narrative highlights themes of , , and the value of , delivered with witty and elaborate period-inspired sets. Beyond fictional adaptations, postal themes appear in various television episodes and documentaries. For instance, in the animated series , the episode "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday" (season 10, 1999) features a school field trip to the Springfield Post Office, humorously depicting postal operations and worker frustrations. Documentaries like Murder by Proxy: How America Went Postal (2010) examine real-world postal service incidents, including and the cultural phenomenon of "," drawing on historical cases to analyze societal pressures on employees.

Music

The Postal Service is an American project formed in 2001 by , the lead vocalist and guitarist of , and Jimmy Tamborello, an electronic producer known as . The collaboration began when Tamborello invited Gibbard to contribute vocals to the track "(This Is) The Dream of Evan and Chan" on Dntel's album Life Is Full of Possibilities, leading to a series of exchanges where the two artists sent digital audio tapes back and forth via mail to build songs remotely. This method of long-distance creation inspired the band's name, serving as a for the postal system's role in facilitating their communication and artistic process. The duo's only studio album, , was released on February 18, 2003, by Records, featuring guest vocals from of and . Characterized by its sound—marked by electronic beats, melodic keyboards, and Gibbard's emotive lyrics—the album delves into themes of romantic relationships, isolation, and emotional distance, often conveyed through metaphors of separation and reconnection. The lead single, "," exemplifies this style with its upbeat electronic production and poignant reflections on love's highs, achieving widespread acclaim and later receiving an acoustic cover by for the soundtrack of the 2004 film Garden State. Give Up achieved significant commercial success, selling over 1 million copies in the United States by 2012 and earning platinum certification from the RIAA, making it Sub Pop's second best-selling release after Nirvana's Bleach. The album's enduring popularity led to a reunion tour in 2013 for its 10th anniversary, with performances across North America and Europe that drew large crowds and highlighted the project's lasting appeal. In 2023, the band reunited for a 20th anniversary tour alongside Death Cab for Cutie to celebrate Give Up and Transatlanticism, which concluded with a final performance on September 21, 2024, after which the Postal Service entered an indefinite hiatus. Its blend of indie rock sensibilities with electronic production influenced subsequent artists in the indie pop and electroclash scenes, helping to bridge organic songwriting with digital experimentation during the early 2000s indie music wave.

Other uses

Postal service

A postal service is a system, operated by governments or entities, for the collection, sorting, transportation, and of letters, postcards, parcels, and other items. The term "postal" derives from the concept of a "," historically referring to messengers or stations used for communication, with early organized systems emerging in ancient Persia around 550 BC, where mounted couriers facilitated rapid message across vast empires. Prominent examples include the (USPS), established in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress, which appointed as the first to unify colonial mail operations amid the lead-up to . In the , traces its origins to 1516, when King Henry VIII appointed Sir Brian Tuke as the first Master of the Posts to handle royal correspondence, evolving into a by 1635 under . Modern postal services worldwide incorporate advanced features such as real-time tracking via barcode scanning and GPS, alongside electronic services like online postage purchase, digital notifications, and integration to enhance efficiency and customer convenience. Postal services play a critical role in facilitating communication, , and by providing access to reliable mail delivery, thereby reducing transaction costs and supporting economic agents in remote or underserved areas. The sector operates as humanity's largest service network, with over 679,000 post offices (as of 2023) and 4.6 million employees (as of 2023) serving 192 countries. In the United States, in 2025, the USPS handled 108.7 billion pieces and generated $80.5 billion in operating revenue, underscoring its economic significance in supporting businesses, , and everyday transactions. Globally, the postal services market was estimated at approximately $253 billion in 2025, highlighting its indispensable contribution to and cultural exchange.

Postal code

A , also known as a or in some regions, is an alphanumeric series of letters and numbers assigned to specific geographic areas to facilitate the sorting and of . Its primary purpose is to identify delivery zones or post offices, enabling postal operators to process and direct correspondence more accurately and swiftly within national systems. By encoding location data into a compact format, postal codes reduce manual handling errors and support mechanized sorting equipment. In the United States, the five-digit (Zone Improvement Plan) was introduced by the on July 1, 1963, to accelerate mail delivery amid rising volumes. This system assigns the first digit to broad regions (e.g., 9 for the ), with subsequent digits narrowing to states, cities, and local post offices; for instance, designates areas in . Internationally, formats vary widely: Canada's uses a six-character alphanumeric structure in the form ANA NAN (where A is a letter and N a number), such as M5G 1E1 for parts of . The employs a 5- to 7-character alphanumeric code, like SW1A 1AA for , combining outward (area) and inward (delivery unit) codes. The evolution of postal codes has significantly enhanced operational efficiency worldwide, with systems in nearly all 192 member countries of the Universal Postal Union incorporating them to streamline logistics and minimize misdeliveries. Early implementations, like the U.S. , paved the way for , cutting sorting times and enabling scalable handling as volumes grew. Today, these codes integrate seamlessly with postal delivery networks, supporting everything from local routing to international exchange.

Slang and idioms

The slang term "" refers to an act of becoming extremely and uncontrollably angry, often escalating to violent behavior, particularly in a context. This expression emerged in the early 1990s, inspired by a series of mass shootings carried out by U.S. Postal Service employees during the 1980s and 1990s. The phrase's origins trace directly to real-world incidents of , with the 1986 Edmond, Oklahoma, post office shooting serving as a pivotal example. On of that year, postal worker Patrick Henry Sherrill fatally shot 14 coworkers and wounded six others before killing himself, marking the deadliest such event and setting a grim precedent. Between 1986 and 1999, at least 15 similar incidents involving postal employees resulted in 34 deaths and six nonemployee fatalities, fueling narratives that linked the term to explosive rage within the organization. Overall, more than 40 postal employees were murdered by colleagues or died by across at least 10 such events since 1986. In usage, "" typically denotes severe workplace frustration manifesting as aggression or violence, though it has broadened in to describe any intense emotional outburst. The term permeated media and everyday language through extensive coverage of these tragedies, inspiring compilations of "postal killings" that underscored patterns of employee discontent. Over time, its application has generalized beyond postal workers, appearing in discussions of broader societal . The U.S. Postal Service has actively rejected the phrase in official contexts, viewing it as a stigmatizing that misrepresents the rarity of such relative to the agency's size. A 2000 commission report concluded that "going postal" unfairly heightens apprehension among employees and the public, despite statistical evidence showing workplace homicide rates at USPS were comparable to other large employers. The organization has since implemented employee assistance programs to address stress and prevent , emphasizing that the term perpetuates an outdated and damaging .

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