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Potoroo

A potoroo is a small, nocturnal marsupial in the genus Potorous, part of the family Potoroidae, which includes rat-kangaroos and bettongs.^[1] These animals, native exclusively to Australia and Tasmania, resemble miniature kangaroos with compact bodies measuring 30–41 cm in head-body length, weights of 1–1.8 kg, long tapering snouts, short rounded ears, dense fur ranging from grey to reddish-brown, and semiprehensile tails used for gathering nesting materials.^[2] They possess enlarged hind feet and powerful hind limbs adapted for hopping, enabling rapid movement through undergrowth, and a dental formula of 3/1, 1/0, 2/2, 4/4 suited to their varied diet.^[1] The genus Potorous comprises four species: the long-nosed potoroo (P. tridactylus), long-footed potoroo (P. longipes), Gilbert's potoroo (P. gilbertii), and the extinct broad-faced potoroo (P. platyops).^[3] Potoroos inhabit dense coastal heathlands, sclerophyll forests, and wet scrub with thick understory vegetation for cover, typically in regions with sandy or loamy soils and reliable rainfall to support fungal growth.^[2] Their diet is primarily mycophagous, consisting of hypogeous fungi (truffles) that they dig up with their forepaws and long claws, supplemented by roots, tubers, seeds, fruits, and occasionally insects or green shoots, playing a key ecological role in spore dispersal.^[4] Solitary and territorial, they maintain home ranges of 5–20 hectares, are mostly nocturnal, and females carry underdeveloped young in a forward-facing pouch, with breeding year-round in favorable conditions.^[2] Once widespread, potoroos have declined severely since European settlement due to habitat clearance, introduced predators like foxes and cats, and competition from grazing animals. The three extant species are of conservation concern under the IUCN Red List: Gilbert's potoroo (critically endangered, approximately 100 individuals primarily in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve and on Middle Island in Western Australia as of 2025), long-footed potoroo (endangered), and long-nosed potoroo (near threatened across southeastern Australia and Tasmania).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Conservation efforts include predator control, habitat restoration, and captive breeding programs, with recent successes such as translocations of long-nosed potoroos in 2025 and signs of recovery for Gilbert's potoroo (as of 2025), to prevent further extinctions in this vulnerable group.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Taxonomy

Etymology

The term "potoroo" derives from the Dharug Aboriginal language of the Sydney region, where the word badaru (or bataru) refers to a small marsupial resembling a rat or kangaroo. This Indigenous name was recorded by early European settlers interacting with Dharug speakers, capturing the animal's distinctive hopping gait and nocturnal habits.^[12] The word entered the English language in 1789, shortly after British colonization, as documented in accounts from the First Fleet expedition, marking one of the earliest borrowings of an Australian Indigenous term for native fauna. By the early 19th century, it had become established in scientific and exploratory literature, reflecting European efforts to catalog Australia's unique wildlife through local knowledge. The genus name Potorous was formally introduced by French naturalist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1804, adapting the Indigenous-derived term for taxonomic purposes.^[13] Indigenous naming varies across regions and languages; for instance, Gilbert's potoroo is known as ngilkat in the Noongar language of southwestern Western Australia, highlighting the cultural specificity of such terms among Traditional Owners. These linguistic roots underscore the potoroo's deep ties to Aboriginal ecological knowledge, long predating European documentation.^[14]

Classification

Potoroo species belong to the genus Potorous, which is classified within the family Potoroidae, a group of small to medium-sized marsupials known as rat-kangaroos.^[15] This family encompasses the tribe Potoroini, which includes the potoroos (Potorous) alongside the rufous rat-kangaroo (Aepyprymnus rufescens), while the related tribe Bettongini comprises the bettongs (Bettongia spp.).^[15] The genus Potorous was established by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1804.^[16] Higher in the taxonomic hierarchy, potoroos are placed in the suborder Macropodiformes under the order Diprotodontia and subclass Marsupialia, reflecting their affiliation with kangaroo-like marsupials in the superfamily Macropodoidea.^[15] This positioning highlights their evolutionary ties to other hopping marsupials, distinct from larger kangaroos and wallabies in the family Macropodidae.^[17] Potoroo evolutionary history traces back to the Oligocene, with rat-kangaroos diverging from other macropodiforms approximately 16–28 million years ago, as estimated from molecular and fossil evidence.^[18] Fossil records indicate early potoroid forms appearing around 25 million years ago, marking their adaptation as smaller, fossorial herbivores separate from the larger macropod lineages.^[19]

Extant and Extinct Species

The genus Potorous comprises three extant species, all small marsupials in the family Potoroidae, characterized by their rabbit-like size and fossorial habits.^[3] The long-nosed potoroo (P. tridactylus) is the most widespread, distinguished by its elongated muzzle and relatively shorter hind feet compared to its congeners.^[20] The long-footed potoroo (P. longipes) differs morphologically from P. tridactylus primarily through its larger body size and proportionally longer hind feet relative to head length, adaptations potentially linked to its specialized habitat in dense undergrowth.^[20] Gilbert's potoroo (P. gilbertii), the smallest of the three, exhibits distinct morphological traits including a more compact skull and denser fur coverage on the body, setting it apart from the longer-snouted P. tridactylus.^[3] One extinct species, the broad-faced potoroo (P. platyops), is known primarily from Pleistocene fossils recovered from sites in South Australia and southwestern Western Australia, with subfossil remains indicating its persistence into more recent times before disappearance in the 19th century.^[21] This species featured a notably broader skull and shorter rostrum than extant potoroos, traits evident in fossil dentition and cranial fragments that highlight its divergence within the genus.^[21] The taxonomy of Potorous has undergone several revisions, driven by morphological, chromosomal, and electrophoretic analyses that clarified species boundaries.^[22] For instance, P. gilbertii was initially classified as a subspecies of P. tridactylus but was elevated to full species status in the late 20th century based on significant genetic and protein differences.^[22] Three subspecies are currently recognized for P. tridactylus: P. t. tridactylus (northern populations in southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales), P. t. trisulcatus (southern mainland populations in southern New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia), and P. t. apicalis (Tasmanian populations, including Bass Strait islands). Genetic analyses support these delineations, though ongoing research continues to refine boundaries for conservation purposes.^[23]^[24]

Physical Characteristics

Morphology

Potoroo species are small marsupials characterized by a compact body size, typically measuring 30–40 cm in head-body length and weighing between 1 and 2 kg.^[19] Their tails are relatively short, ranging from 15 to 33 cm, and are partially prehensile, aiding in balance and manipulation of nesting materials.^[19] The fur of potoroos is dense and soft, providing effective camouflage in their forested habitats through a coloration that varies from rufous-brown to grey-brown on the upper body, with paler underparts.^[19] This uniform pelage lacks distinctive markings such as blazes or stripes, contributing to their inconspicuous appearance.^[19] The skull of potoroos features an elongated and narrow rostrum in species like Potorous tridactylus and P. longipes, while it is shorter and broader in others such as P. platyops; overall, it lacks a sagittal crest but has a strong occipital crest and small, flat auditory bullae.^[19] Dentition follows the formula I 3/1, C 1/0, P 2/2, M 4/4 = 34, with premolars serrated by 3–5 vertical ridges and molars that are quadrituberculate and bunodont, specialized for grinding tough fungal material.^[19]^[2] Potoroo limbs exhibit adaptations suited to their lifestyle, with well-developed, heavily muscled hind legs featuring elongated tibiae and fibulae for hopping, and forelimbs that are shorter but robust for digging.^[19] The hind feet are elongated, bearing four digits where the second and third are syndactylous, and the fourth serves as the primary weight-bearing toe.^[19] Variations include longer hind feet in P. longipes compared to other species.^[19]

Sensory and Locomotor Adaptations

Potoroo species possess a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to detect volatile compounds emitted by hypogeous fungi buried up to 20 cm underground, facilitating precise location through sniffing before excavation.^[25] This olfactory acuity is supported by an elongated rostrum and is essential for their primarily nocturnal foraging in dense vegetation, where visual cues are limited.^[26] Their vision is adapted for low-light environments through large, bulbous eyes that enhance sensitivity to dim conditions during crepuscular and nighttime activity, reducing reliance on daylight for navigation and food detection.^[27] Complementing this, potoroo have rounded, erect ears that provide acute hearing for identifying subtle sounds of approaching predators, such as foxes or quolls, in forested understories.^[19] Locomotor adaptations in potoroo include bipedal hopping powered by elongated hindlimbs, where the tibia contributes significantly to overall leg length, enabling efficient propulsion and bursts of speed when fleeing threats.^[27] Their syndactylous hind feet, with fused second and third toes, provide stability and leverage during rapid hops or bounding gaits, optimizing energy use in uneven terrain while the forelimbs and tail assist in balance during slower pentapedal progression. Female potoroo feature a deep, forward-opening pouch containing four teats, which shields pouch young from soil and debris ingress during intensive digging and foraging maneuvers, thereby enhancing joey survival in active lifestyles.^[27]

Distribution and Habitat

Geographic Range

Potoroo species are native to southeastern and southwestern Australia.^[28] The long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) has the broadest distribution among extant species, occurring along the southeastern coast from southern Queensland through New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania, including some Bass Strait islands.^[29]^[30] The long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) has a highly restricted range, with core populations limited to East Gippsland and the Barry Mountains in northeastern Victoria, alongside a smaller population in the far eastern highlands of New South Wales.^[31]^[32] As of 2025, Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is confined to a small area within Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve near Albany in southwestern Western Australia, with the main population (estimated at approximately 100 individuals total in the wild) spanning about 1000 hectares across four shrubland patches and a growing translocated population of around 20 individuals on nearby Middle Island, where new births were recorded in 2024.^[33]^[28]^[10]^[34] All potoroo species have experienced significant historical range contractions since European settlement in the 19th century, with Gilbert's potoroo once more widespread across southwestern Western Australia before being presumed extinct until its rediscovery in 1994, and the other species showing reduced mainland distributions due to habitat loss and other factors.^[33]^[28]^[35] Ongoing monitoring as of 2025 confirms no major range expansions for extant species.^[32]

Habitat Preferences

Potoroo species exhibit a strong preference for habitats characterized by dense understory vegetation, which provides essential cover and foraging opportunities. These include sclerophyll forests, heathlands, and coastal shrublands, where thick ground cover dominates and supports their secretive lifestyle. For instance, the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) is commonly associated with wet sclerophyll forests and heathlands featuring nutrient-poor sandy soils and dense shrub layers.^[36] Similarly, the long-footed potoroo (P. longipes) favors wet and damp forests with mixed overstories and dense understories on sheltered, moist slopes.^[9] Potoroo habitats are closely tied to the availability of mycorrhizal fungi, a primary food source, which thrive in eucalypt woodlands and associated ecosystems with symbiotic plant-fungus relationships. These fungi are particularly abundant in long-unburnt areas of coastal heath and woodland, supporting the potoroo's mycophagous diet. Gilbert's potoroo (P. gilbertii), for example, is restricted to dense, long-unburnt heath in southwestern Western Australia, where such fungal resources are prevalent.^[28] For shelter, potoroos construct nests using leaves and grass within hollow logs, burrows, or dense thickets of vegetation, relying on these structures for daytime protection from predators. These sites are typically located in areas with light, easily diggable soils that facilitate burrowing. Microhabitat requirements emphasize moist soils conducive to digging for fungi and invertebrates, as well as proximity to water sources such as riparian zones or gullies to maintain humidity levels suitable for their foraging activities.^[37]^[20]

Behavior and Ecology

Diet and Foraging

Potoroo species are primarily mycophagous, with hypogeal fungi forming the core of their diet across genera. In the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), underground fungi constitute up to 91% of the diet in certain populations, encompassing at least 58 fungal species, predominantly ectomycorrhizal truffles.^[38]^[35] Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) relies almost exclusively on native truffle fungi year-round, with over 90% of its food source comprising at least 27 identified spore types at sites including Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.^[28]^[39] The long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) similarly depends on hypogeous fungi for approximately 90% of its intake, highlighting the genus's specialization in fungal consumption to meet nutritional needs in nutrient-poor soils.^[31] Supplementary foods include a variety of plant materials and animal matter, varying by species and season. Potoroo diets incorporate roots, tubers, berries, seeds, herbs, fruits, and invertebrates such as insects, larvae, and soft-bodied soil animals, which provide additional proteins and carbohydrates when fungal availability fluctuates.^[29]^[40] For instance, northern long-nosed potoroos consume these items alongside fungi, with seasonal shifts reducing fungal reliance in spring and summer.^[41] Foraging occurs nocturnally, with potoroos using their forepaws to dig conical pits in leaf litter and soil to locate buried sporocarps.^[31] This digging behavior, observed in species like the long-nosed potoroo, aerates soil and turns over organic matter, while their ingestion of fungal spores enables effective dispersal through viable excretion in scats, supporting mycorrhizal networks essential for forest ecosystems.^[39]^[29]

Reproduction and Life Cycle

Potoroo species, such as the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), breed continuously throughout the year under favorable environmental conditions, with reproductive activity peaking in late winter to early summer.^[29] This aseasonal pattern allows for multiple breeding cycles annually, potentially producing up to three young per female in optimal scenarios, though solitary habits lead to promiscuous mating encounters rather than pair bonding.^[42] Gestation in potoroos lasts 38 days.^[2] Litter sizes are invariably one, reflecting monovular ovulation typical of the genus.^[43] The joey crawls into the mother's pouch, where it attaches to a teat and undergoes extensive development for approximately 4–5 months, suckling and growing until it becomes furred and begins to venture out.^[36] Weaning occurs around 5–6 months post-birth, after which the young may remain dependent on the mother for a short period. Sexual maturity is reached at 12–18 months of age, with females capable of breeding as early as one year in some populations.^[2] In the wild, potoroos typically live 4–6 years, though lifespans up to 7 years have been recorded; in captivity, individuals can survive up to 8–12 years.^[43] High juvenile mortality, often exceeding 50% in the first year due to predation by introduced foxes and feral cats, significantly limits population growth.^[43] Potoroo species, such as the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), exhibit strictly nocturnal activity patterns, emerging from nests shortly after dusk and remaining active for approximately 11.5 hours each night. Activity peaks during crepuscular periods, with individuals becoming more active after dark, typically around 9 p.m. in summer and 7 p.m. in cooler months, though some diurnal foraging occurs in captivity during autumn and winter.^[44] Daily movements are confined within home ranges, with tracked individuals covering distances consistent with linear range lengths of 130–152 m, though overall nocturnal ranging can extend across areas of 6.67–13.73 ha depending on sex and body mass.^[45] These patterns are influenced by environmental factors like rainfall, which reduces activity, and dense vegetation cover that facilitates safe nocturnal navigation. Potoroo social structure is predominantly solitary, with individuals maintaining independent home ranges that show high overlap, particularly between sexes (up to 47.1% for females and 38.8% for males), indicating a non-territorial system.^[45] In areas of higher population density, loose aggregations or communal nesting may occur, but interactions remain minimal outside of mother-young dyads and brief mating encounters. Agonistic behaviors are rare, limited mostly to maternal corrections of young, which increase as offspring approach independence around 19 weeks. Mating involves promiscuous strategies where males employ scramble competition rather than direct aggression to secure paternity, with sires often being long-term residents in the area.^[42] Communication among potoroos primarily relies on olfactory and acoustic signals to maintain spacing and facilitate interactions. Scent marking with urine and feces delineates ranges and conveys individual identity, while distress vocalizations, starting at around 24 days of age in young, serve to signal alarm or need during ontogeny.^[46] In captive settings, mutual grooming and tail-slapping occur during courtship, akin to calls in related marsupials, though wild observations of such behaviors are infrequent due to their cryptic nature.^[44] To avoid predation, potoroos employ a combination of behavioral and habitat-based strategies, including initial freezing in dense cover to evade detection followed by rapid escape via powerful hind limb hops at speeds up to 35 m per minute.^[44] Pouch-gravid females further minimize risk by reducing locomotion and increasing resting periods, while familiarity with home range terrain enhances evasion from threats like feral cats or dogs. Preference for structurally complex vegetation provides essential cover for these responses, underscoring the role of habitat in survival.

Conservation

Threats

Potoroo populations across species such as the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii), and long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) face significant threats primarily from human-induced changes and introduced species, exacerbated by their restricted distributions in southeastern Australia, which limit resilience to localized impacts.^[47]^[5] Habitat loss and fragmentation have been ongoing since European settlement in the 1800s, driven by clearing for agriculture, urban development, and forestry operations, which reduce the dense understorey vegetation essential for shelter and foraging. Livestock grazing and weed invasion further degrade remaining habitats by altering soil structure and plant composition, while transformer species like coast wattle (Acacia sophorae) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) outcompete native flora and diminish fungal resources. These changes particularly affect species like the long-nosed potoroo, whose preferred heathlands and sclerophyll forests have been extensively modified.^[30]^[48] Predation by introduced species poses a severe risk, with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), feral cats (Felis catus), and domestic dogs preying on potoroos, especially juveniles, and increasing mortality in fragmented landscapes. Native predators such as spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) also contribute to pressure, though introduced predators amplify the threat by suppressing populations where fox densities exceed 0.5 individuals per km². For Gilbert's potoroo, confined to coastal heath in Western Australia, these predators exploit post-fire vulnerability when shelter is scarce.^[47]^[5]^[49] Inappropriate fire regimes, including high-intensity bushfires and frequent burns at intervals shorter than 20 years, destroy long-unburnt habitats critical for fungal foods and refuge, as seen in the 2019–2020 fires that affected 79% of long-footed potoroo habitat in Victoria. Competition from invasive herbivores like European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and feral goats (Capra hircus) intensifies this by overgrazing vegetation and competing for resources, while feral pigs (Sus scrofa) directly consume underground fungi, a staple diet for potoroos. These factors collectively heighten extinction risk for species with small, isolated populations.^[47]^[30]^[48]

Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts for potoroos, particularly the critically endangered Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii), encompass a range of targeted interventions to mitigate threats such as predation by introduced species and habitat degradation. Legal protections form the foundation of these initiatives, with Gilbert's potoroo listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1996 and as Critically Endangered under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).^[5] Recovery plans have been in place since the 1990s, including the 1999 interim plan and the comprehensive 2003–2008 plan, which outline actions for habitat protection, predator control, and population augmentation to prevent extinction. Captive breeding programs operate at zoos and wildlife reserves to increase genetic diversity and produce individuals for release into the wild. The Captive Management Plan for Gilbert's potoroo, developed by Western Australia's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA), emphasizes breeding protocols to yield sufficient animals for translocations while maintaining health and minimizing stress. These efforts have supported the establishment of insurance populations, with animals held in facilities like Perth Zoo and specialized enclosures.^[50]^[51] Translocations to predator-free islands represent a cornerstone of recovery, exemplified by the 2018 DBCA initiative that moved 10 Gilbert's potoroos to Middle Island off Western Australia's south coast, where ongoing monitoring in 2024 confirms successful breeding and population persistence in a secure environment. Similar programs for other potoroo species, such as the long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes), involve releases into fenced sanctuaries to bypass predation risks.^[52]^[9] Habitat management strategies prioritize restoration and protection in key reserves, including controlled burns to reduce fuel loads and prevent catastrophic wildfires, weed control to curb invasive species that alter understory vegetation, and exclusion fencing to limit access by feral predators. At Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, a primary stronghold for Gilbert's potoroo, DBCA implements these measures through annual weed mapping and removal, fence maintenance around core habitats, and prescribed burns tailored to maintain long-unburnt refugia essential for foraging and shelter.^[53]^[51]^[54] Population monitoring relies on non-invasive techniques like camera traps deployed in baited tunnels to detect individuals and track movements, alongside scat analysis for dietary assessment and occupancy modeling. These methods, applied in reserves such as Waychinicup National Park, enable researchers to evaluate translocation success and adjust management without disturbing small populations. For instance, scat studies have informed fungal-dependent foraging needs, guiding habitat enhancements.^[55]^[56]^[57]

Current Status and Recovery

Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) remains classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with fewer than 200 individuals estimated in the wild and early signs of recovery noted in a 2025 review.^[58] The species' primary population at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve exceeds 100 individuals, reflecting gradual growth from intensive monitoring and management.^[34] In September 2024, new births were confirmed on Middle Island, where translocated animals have established a breeding group, boosting overall numbers to approximately 120 across known sites.^[10] The long-footed potoroo (P. longipes) holds Endangered status on the IUCN Red List, with fragmented populations in southeastern Australia totaling a few hundred individuals.^[59] Detection rates increased during 2024 monitoring efforts, with the species recorded at 52.4% of surveyed sites in Victoria—up from 44% in 2023—indicating potential population stabilization in managed areas.^[32] The long-nosed potoroo (P. tridactylus) is listed as Vulnerable under Australian federal legislation, though assessed as Near Threatened globally by the IUCN, with stable but declining subpopulations in eastern Australia.^[41] Key recovery milestones for Gilbert's potoroo include its rediscovery in 1994 at Two Peoples Bay after over a century of presumed extinction, followed by 30 years of targeted efforts that have expanded the population from fewer than 50 to over 100 individuals through captive breeding and habitat protection.^[60] While persistent threats like predation and habitat loss continue to challenge all potoroo species, translocation programs—particularly to predator-free islands—offer hopeful trends for long-term viability, with new populations demonstrating breeding success.^[58]

Cultural and Popular References

Indigenous Significance

In Aboriginal Australian cultures, potoroos hold significance within traditional knowledge systems, particularly among the Dharug people of the Sydney region, where the term "badaru" refers to these small, nocturnal marsupials as elusive bush creatures integral to local ecosystems.^[61] The English common name "potoroo" itself originates from this Dharug word, underscoring the linguistic and cultural ties between Indigenous nomenclature and the species' recognition in pre-colonial lore.^[61] Among the Noongar people of southwestern Western Australia, Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is known as "ngilkat," a name that reflects its portrayal in traditional stories as a secretive inhabitant of dense shrublands and forests, embodying the interconnectedness of flora, fungi, and fauna in Country.^[62] This designation, documented in Noongar oral traditions and contemporary records, highlights the species' role in cultural narratives that emphasize stewardship of biodiverse landscapes.^[63] Contemporary conservation initiatives for potoroos increasingly incorporate Indigenous involvement, fostering partnerships that blend traditional ecological knowledge with scientific management. For instance, the recovery plan for Gilbert's potoroo emphasizes active consultation with Noongar communities in the Albany region, including the Minang, Wudjari, and Njunga peoples, whose traditional lands encompass key habitats like Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.^[33]^[64] Similarly, efforts to protect the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) involve collaborations with groups such as the Jarli Local Aboriginal Land Council, integrating Indigenous ranger programs to monitor and restore habitats on southeastern Australian Country.^[65] These partnerships not only aid species recovery but also honor the ongoing cultural custodianship of potoroos within Aboriginal frameworks.

In Media and Culture

Potoroo species have appeared in scientific illustrations since the mid-19th century, notably in John Gould's seminal work The Mammals of Australia (1845–1863), where Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) were depicted in detailed lithographs by Gould and Henry Constantine Richter, highlighting their morphological features and habitats.^[66] These illustrations contributed to early European understanding of Australian marsupials and remain influential in zoological literature. Modern scientific media includes documentaries focused on endangered potoroos, such as the 2025 film Ngilkat: Hope in the Balance, produced by SpaceWhale Studio in collaboration with researchers, which explores the ecology and recovery efforts for Gilbert's potoroo in Western Australia's Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.^[67] In popular media, potoroos feature in Australian wildlife programming and literature aimed at public education. The Aussie Ark conservation organization's Animal Tales series, hosted by Tim Faulkner, includes episodes on potoroos, describing their role as small but vital ecosystem engineers in 2020 YouTube releases that reached educational audiences.^[68] Books on marsupials, such as Bettongs, Potoroos and the Musky Rat-kangaroo by Andrew Claridge, John Seebeck, and Randy Rose (2007), detail their biology and conservation needs, while children's literature like One Potoroo: A Story of Survival by Penny Jaye, illustrated by Alicia Rogerson (2021), narrates the Gilbert's potoroo's plight through illustrated storytelling to raise awareness among young readers.^[69]^[70] Conservation campaigns prominently use potoroos as symbols, with the Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group (GPAG) incorporating them into posters, fundraising events, and media outreach since 2002 to highlight their critically endangered status and promote habitat protection.^[71] GPAG's efforts, including community events and TV coverage, have generated public support while amplifying the species' visibility.^[72] Their critically endangered status has amplified media interest, positioning potoroos as emblems of biodiversity loss in environmental art and advocacy visuals.^[73]

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[24]
Northern long-nosed potoroo - Threatened biodiversity profile search
Jul 16, 2025 · The long-nosed potoroo is found on the south-eastern coast of Australia, from Queensland to eastern Victoria and Tasmania, including some of the Bass Strait ...
[25]
[PDF] Queensland's Protected species - Long-nosed potoroo activity sheet
The long-nosed potoroo is found on the south-eastern coast of. Australia, from southern Queensland to eastern Victoria and. Tasmania, including some of the ...
[26]
Long-footed Potoroo - profile | NSW Environment, Energy and Science
Aug 11, 2023 · Distribution. The long-footed potoroo has a very limited distribution and is extremely rare. Two core populations occur in Victoria and a much ...
[27]
Long-footed potoroo monitoring project - Environment
Feb 18, 2025 · Predator control aids survival. Because of their small size and weight, long-footed potoroos face an increased risk from predators ...
[28]
[PDF] Recovery Plan for Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous gilbertii)
Gilbert's Potoroo is the only extant species of Potorous in Western Australia, where it is endemic. ... 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.redlist.org> ...
[29]
[PDF] Long-footed Potoroo, Potorous longipes
It is distinguished from its closest relative the Long-nosed Potoroo (P. tridactylus) by its larger size and longer hind-foot in relation to head length, the ...Missing: morphological | Show results with:morphological
[30]
[DOC] consultation-document-northern-long-nosed-potoroo.docx - DCCEEW
Divergence between the northern south east mainland Potorous tridactylus tridactylus and southern south east mainland Potorous tridactylus trisulcatus is ...
[31]
[DOC] Survey guidelines for Australia's threatened non-flying mammals
With the exception of the numbat, these species are all nocturnal and shelter during the day in nests, burrows, hollow logs or dense vegetation on the ground.<|control11|><|separator|>
[32]
Hypogeal fungi in the diet of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous ...
May 1, 1993 · In the multiaged forest P. tridactylus was primarily mycophagous, consuming the sporocarps (fruiting bodies) of at least 58 fungal species. Most ...
[33]
[PDF] Fungi available to and consumed by translocated Gilbert's potoroos
At their only known natural refuge - Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve - the potoroos feed almost exclusively on native truffle fungi all year round.
[34]
[PDF] Long-nosed potoroo: Saving our Species factsheet
Mainly nocturnal, the long-nosed potoroo can hide during the day in thick vegetation, however during winter, it may forage during daylight hours.Missing: nests burrows
[35]
[PDF] final-determination-2024-potorous-tridactylus-tridactylus-long-nosed ...
Nov 1, 2024 · The northern long-nosed potoroo, Potorous tridactylus tridactylus, is classified as a VULNERABLE SPECIES. It has dark grey fur on its back and ...
[36]
Digging and soil turnover by a mycophagous marsupial
This varied three-fold from 38 to 114 diggings per individual per night, with no consistent seasonality. ... Claridge et al. Foraging patterns of the long-nosed ...
[37]
The genetic mating system of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous ...
Nov 7, 2012 · Multiple pouch young were sampled from two potoroo females, including samples from 10 pouch young of one adult female between 2005 and 2010.Missing: forward- | Show results with:forward-
[38]
Potorous gilbertii (Gilbert's potoroo) - Animal Diversity Web
Conservation Status Gilbert's potoroos are considered one of Australia's most endangered mammals. Gilbert's potoroos were presumed extinct until the species ...
[39]
[PDF] Husbandry Manual for The Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus ...
Head and Body Length: 340-400 (mm) Average 360. Tail Length: 198-262 (mm) Average 230. Weight range: 660-1640 (g) Average 1100. (Claridge, Seebeck & Rose ...Missing: skull | Show results with:skull<|control11|><|separator|>
[40]
Movement and ranging behaviour of long-nosed potoroos (Potorous ...
Aug 29, 2023 · The aim of this study was to describe the home range and movement patterns of a nationally vulnerable, native Australian ground-dwelling mammal, the long-nosed ...
[41]
Long Nosed Potoroo - OoCities
To recommend a breeder please send an email. Long Nosed Potoroo (Potorous ... scent mark their territory with urine and faeces. The Potoroos also have ...
[42]
Understanding threats to potoroos and bandicoots
Jan 29, 2025 · Introduced predator control. Across Victoria there are long running, large scale introduced predator control programs including Southern Ark ...
[43]
[PDF] Action statement - Long-nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus ...
Threats listed below have been identified through expert consultation, published literature and spatial analysis. Threat. Description. Introduced species.
[44]
Predator scats to inform potoroo rewilding project - EnviroDNA
Oct 19, 2022 · The team are collecting scats from predators such as foxes, dogs, cats, dingoes and quolls. ... native species. Predator scats to inform ...
[45]
[PDF] captive management plan for gilbert's potoroo (potorous gilbertii)
Animals are fed on a diet of fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and nuts which was based on the diet used to sustain the captive colony of. Potorous longipes at ...
[46]
Conservation - Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group
The current conservation status of Gilberts Potoroo is listed as: Critically Endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity ...Missing: legal | Show results with:legal
[47]
World's rarest marsupial thriving on Western Australian island
Sep 3, 2024 · Gilbert's potoroo is the world's rarest marsupial. The species had been thought to be extinct since the early 1900s until rediscovered at Two Peoples Bay ...
[48]
[PDF] Gilbert's Potoroo Recovery Team Sarah Comer Dept. Parks and ...
Threat amelioration eg weed control/mapping, fencing/ repairs, fire management disease management, feral/ introduced animal control, installation of roadside.
[49]
[PDF] Two Peoples Bay Na ....... e Reserve
The major habitat management requirement of the Noisy Scrub-bird and. Gilbert's Potoroo is old undisturbed vegetation. This also favours the Western ...
[50]
Use of a novel camera trapping approach to measure small mammal ...
Jan 12, 2021 · We describe a method for using camera traps for monitoring small mammals. We show that by attaching the camera trap to a baited tunnel, fixing a close-focus ...
[51]
[PDF] gilbert's potoroo recovery - DBCA Library
This study will form a basis for future intensive scat analysis and will facilitate the nutritional analysis of the potoroo diet. 10. Page 11. 98.03 ...
[52]
http://www.dbca.wa.gov.au/news/2024/worlds-rarest-marsupial-thriving-western-australian-island
[53]
Gilbert's Potoroo and the fun-guys: Co-existing mycophagous ...
Nov 1, 2025 · This theme of novel assessment protocols will be further explored here in the model species, Gilbert's potoroo (ngilkat; Potorous gilbertii).
[54]
World's rarest marsupial shows signs of recovery after near extinction
Feb 6, 2025 · A new review has documented the remarkable journey of Australia's most critically endangered marsupial, the Gilbert's potoroo.Missing: Middle | Show results with:Middle
[55]
Birth of new Gilbert's potoroos on Middle Island celebrated by ...
Sep 4, 2024 · Two new Gilbert's potoroos have been born in a protected population on Middle Island, off WA's southern coast.Missing: translocation | Show results with:translocation
[56]
Potorous longipes (long-footed potoroo) - Animal Diversity Web
About the size of a rabbit (700 mm, of which 300 mm is the tail), Potorous longipes can be distinguished from other potoroos by its long back feet and toes.<|separator|>
[57]
World's rarest marsupial shows signs of recovery after near extinction
Feb 6, 2025 · It details 30 years of conservation work since the species was rediscovered at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve near Albany in 1994 by then Ph.D.
[58]
Pacific Conservation Biology - CSIRO PUBLISHING
Establishing new potoroo populations by translocation has been the most valuable recovery technique for this species. ... Broad-faced Potoroo, Potorous platyops.<|separator|>
[59]
POTOROO - Definition & Meaning - Reverso English Dictionary
potoroo: small Australian marsupial of the genus Potorous small Australian marsupial of the genus Potorous. Origin of potoroo. Dharug, badaru (small rat) ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[60]
[PDF] One Potoroo - CSIRO Publishing
A conservation tale of the Gilbert's Potoroo –. Australia's rarest mammal. When a bushfire destroys Potoroo's home, he becomes one of the last surviving ...<|separator|>
[61]
[PDF] Aboriginal names of mammal species in south-west W estem Australia
In order to encourage mammalogists to pronounce Noongar words correctly, I include in Table 1 information from Whitehurst (1992).
[62]
[PDF] Recovering Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) - DBCA Library
May 19, 2022 · The species is currently classified as Critically Endangered under the Commonwealth's. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[63]
Partnership helping to protect threatened long-nosed potoroo
Aug 31, 2020 · A partnership between the Jarli Local Aboriginal Land Council and Saving our Species is contributing to better long-term conservation outcomes for the ...
[64]
Gilbert's Potoroo - John Gould - Google Arts & Culture
Title: Gilbert's Potoroo ; Creator: John Gould ; Contributor: John Gould ; Publisher: Australian Museum ; Rights: Museum Victoria.Missing: illustrations | Show results with:illustrations
[65]
Gilbert's Potoroo Documentary – Ngilkat: Hope in the Balance (Full ...
Oct 27, 2025 · ... Noongar people as the Traditional Custodians of Two Peoples ... Gilbert's Potoroo Documentary – Ngilkat: Hope in the Balance (Full Film).<|control11|><|separator|>
[66]
ANIMAL TALES WITH TIM FAULKNER | Potoroo - YouTube
Apr 19, 2020 · In today's episode Tim Faulkner talks about the Potoroo. These creatures are one of Aussie Ark's smallest, and mightiest species!Missing: media culture literature documentaries
[67]
Bettongs, Potoroos and the Musky Rat-kangaroo - CSIRO Publishing
Bettongs, Potoroos and the Musky Rat-kangaroo provides an extraordinary glimpse into the secretive lives of these unusual marsupials.
[68]
One Potoroo - Stylus Distribution
30-day returnsAug 17, 2021 · A conservation tale of the Gilbert's Potoroo – Australia's rarest mammal. When a fire destroys Potoroo's home, he becomes one of the last surviving Gilbert's ...
[69]
Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group | Homepage
Raise funds to assist in the recovery of Gilbert's Potoroo. · Raise awareness of the plight of Gilbert's Potoroo. · Encourage volunteer involvement in saving ...Missing: campaigns | Show results with:campaigns
[70]
Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group - Facebook
Rating 5.0 (4) Besides raising over $400, fantastic awareness was raised for the campaign to Save Gilbert's Potoroo, including TV and media coverage. The Crusaders met ...
[71]
Gilbert's potoroo, world's rarest marsupial, released back into ...
Nov 24, 2022 · The world's rarest marsupial, the Gilbert's potoroo, is released back into its natural habitat amid the fight to save the species.