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RFC

The Request for Comments (RFC) is a numbered series of technical documents originating from the early development of computer networking, primarily serving as the archival record for specifications, procedures, research findings, and innovations that underpin Internet protocols, architecture, and connected systems.^[1]^[2] Initiated in April 1969 by Steve Crocker with RFC 1 on host software for the ARPANET, the series was designed to solicit informal feedback and foster collaborative discussion among researchers, evolving into the formal publication mechanism of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).^[2]^[3] By establishing open, consensus-driven standards, RFCs have defined foundational elements of the modern Internet, including core protocols like TCP/IP (detailed in RFC 791 for IP and RFC 793 for TCP), email conventions (RFC 822 and successors), and domain name systems (RFC 1034 and RFC 1035), enabling interoperable global networking without proprietary constraints.^[1]^[4] As of 2023, the series exceeds 9,000 documents, spanning standards-track publications, informational memos, and experimental proposals, with production handled by the RFC Editor under IETF oversight to ensure accessibility in plain text for long-term preservation and implementation.^[1]^[5] This body of work has facilitated the Internet's scalability and resilience, reflecting a merit-based, engineering-focused process that prioritizes empirical testing and peer review over institutional authority.^[6]

Request for Comments (Internet Standards)

Origins and Early Development

The Request for Comments (RFC) series originated within the ARPANET project, an early packet-switching network funded by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), as a mechanism for the Network Working Group (NWG) to document and discuss host software and protocol designs. Steve Crocker, a graduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), authored the inaugural document, RFC 1 titled "Host Software," dated April 7, 1969, which outlined initial considerations for implementing interface message processors (IMPs) and host connections in the nascent network.^[7] The series emerged from informal NWG meetings starting in 1967, where participants sought collaborative input without hierarchical authority, reflecting the experimental ethos of ARPANET development.^[8] The nomenclature "Request for Comments" was proposed by Bill Duvall to frame the documents as invitations for broad participation rather than prescriptive directives, fostering an open, non-authoritarian dialogue among researchers at institutions like UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah.^[8] Early RFCs, produced on typewriters and distributed via the ARPANET's Network Information Center (NIC), remained concise and plain-text formatted, focusing on practical topics such as socket conventions (RFC 2, April 9, 1969) and documentation conventions (RFC 3, April 9, 1969). This informality encouraged iterative refinement through community feedback, with the first ten RFCs issued between April and July 1969 addressing core issues like host-to-host protocols amid ARPANET's initial host connections in late 1969.^[8] By 1971, the series had expanded to over 100 documents, prompting Jon Postel to assume informal editorial duties in June of that year, which included numbering, archiving, and dissemination via the NIC.^[8] This transition marked the shift from ad hoc notes to a more systematic repository, though RFCs retained their request-oriented character, avoiding formal standardization until later evolutions in the 1970s with protocols like TCP/IP.^[1] The early phase emphasized causal problem-solving grounded in empirical testing of network behaviors, prioritizing functional interoperability over theoretical abstraction.^[8]

Publication and Review Process

The publication of RFCs begins with the submission of Internet-Drafts (I-Ds) to the IETF Datatracker, where they undergo review processes tailored to their designated stream, such as IETF, IAB, IRTF, Independent, or Editorial.^[9] For the primary IETF stream, which produces standards-track and Best Current Practice (BCP) documents, an I-D is typically adopted by a working group (WG) after initial community discussion on mailing lists demonstrates interest and rough consensus.^[10] The WG then refines the draft through iterative feedback, expert reviews, and multiple revisions, culminating in a WG Last Call for comments from the broader IETF community, usually lasting two weeks.^[10] Following WG approval, the I-D advances to the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) for final review, where Area Directors assess technical soundness, interoperability, and adherence to IETF criteria via a ballot process that may involve additional Last Calls or external expert consultations.^[10] IESG approval, granted upon demonstration of "rough consensus" rather than unanimity, confirms the document's readiness and submits it to the RFC Editor; rejections or returns for revision occur if significant issues persist.^[10] Other streams follow analogous but distinct paths: IAB documents per RFC 4845, IRTF via IRSG review and polls, and Independent submissions evaluated by the Independent Submissions Editor for relevance and quality, often including commissioned external reviews.^[9]^[11] Upon receipt from a stream manager, the RFC Production Center (RPC) places the approved I-D into a first-in, first-out (FIFO) publication queue, processing it through states including reference verification (e.g., resolving normative dependencies in MISSREF), professional editing for RFCXML formatting, copy-editing, and style consistency per RFC Editor guidelines.^[9]^[11] Parallel IANA actions handle registry updates, potentially causing delays.^[9] The document then enters RFC-EDITOR for senior editorial review, followed by AUTH48, where authors receive a final version for error checks, reference confirmations, and approvals—typically requiring weeks rather than the nominal 48 hours, with iterative exchanges until consensus.^[11]^[9] Once approved, the RFC is published sequentially numbered, announced via ietf-announce and rfc-dist mailing lists, and made available at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX.[](https://www.rfc-editor.org/pubprocess/) Errata and future updates are managed post-publication, but the process emphasizes archival stability over post-hoc changes.^[12]

Document Categories and Status

RFC documents are categorized based on their intended purpose and maturity level within the Internet standards process. The primary categories include Standards Track, which encompasses protocols advancing toward formal standardization; Informational, for documents providing general guidance without consensus requirements; Experimental, for exploratory work intended as an archival record of research efforts; Best Current Practice (BCP), outlining operational or procedural recommendations; and Historic, designating obsolete or superseded specifications no longer relevant to current practice.^[1]^[13] Standards Track RFCs represent the core path for protocol specification and are subdivided into maturity levels: Proposed Standard (PS), the initial stage where a specification is stable, well-reviewed, and demonstrated to work in at least two independent implementations, though many remain at this level without further advancement; and Internet Standard (STD), the final stage requiring widespread deployment, interoperability, and at least two independent, interoperable implementations with demonstrated stability over time.^[1]^[14] The intermediate Draft Standard level, previously requiring extensive review and multiple implementations, was deprecated for new specifications in 2011 to streamline the process, reducing the track to two levels while grandfathering existing Draft Standards.^[14] Non-Standards Track categories serve distinct roles outside formal standardization. Informational RFCs disseminate information for community awareness, such as analyses or overviews, without implying IETF endorsement or requirement for implementation.^[13] Experimental RFCs document protocols or ideas under trial, often limited to specific networks or for evaluation, with no expectation of broad adoption unless later progressed via the Standards Track.^[1] BCPs capture consensus-driven best practices for Internet operations or IETF procedures, published as a distinct subseries (e.g., BCP 1) and occasionally advancing to Standards Track if applicable.^[13] Historic status is assigned to RFCs obsoleted by newer versions or deemed irrelevant due to technological shifts, signaling they should not be implemented or followed.^[1] The status of an RFC is indicated in its boilerplate and reflected in the Internet Official Protocol Standards summary (STD 1), which tracks active standards, drafts, and other categories while noting obsoletions or updates.^[13] Publication as an RFC does not inherently confer standards status; only Standards Track advancement by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) does so, with categories influencing review rigor and applicability.^[14] As of October 2025, over 9,000 RFCs exist, with categories evolving to reflect process refinements, such as the 2011 maturity reduction to promote timely standardization without compromising quality.^[1]

Notable Examples and Impact

One of the inaugural documents, RFC 1 titled "Host Software," authored by Steve Crocker and published on April 7, 1969, outlined the interface between ARPANET hosts and Interface Message Processors (IMPs), establishing the foundational communication model for early packet-switched networks.^[7] This RFC initiated the collaborative documentation tradition, fostering open discussion among researchers without formal hierarchy, which directly contributed to the evolution of host-to-host protocols in the nascent ARPANET.^[15] Its publication marked the symbolic birth of the RFC series, enabling widespread dissemination of technical notes that influenced subsequent network designs.^[16] RFC 791, "Internet Protocol," published in September 1981, specified the core IP datagram format, including 32-bit addressing and best-effort delivery semantics for interconnected packet-switched networks, forming the basis of IPv4.^[17] This protocol's design emphasized simplicity and interoperability across diverse subnetworks, enabling the scalable routing that underpins the modern internet's architecture, with IPv4 addresses supporting over 4.2 billion unique hosts despite subsequent exhaustion challenges.^[18] Its adoption as a Department of Defense standard facilitated the transition from ARPANET to the broader TCP/IP suite, driving global network connectivity. RFC 1035, "Domain Names—Implementation and Specification," published in November 1987 alongside RFC 1034, defined the DNS protocol for hierarchical name resolution, including resource records, queries, and zone management to map human-readable domain names to IP addresses.^[19] By decentralizing name authority through distributed servers, it addressed the limitations of static hosts files, enabling dynamic scalability and usability essential for the web's expansion, as evidenced by its role in supporting billions of daily queries today.^[20] The RFC process has had enduring impact by promoting consensus-based standardization without proprietary control, resulting in over 9,000 documents that specify protocols like TCP (RFC 793), HTTP (e.g., RFC 2616), and TLS, which collectively enable interoperable communication across heterogeneous systems.^[1] This open model accelerated innovation, as seen in the internet's growth from a research network to a global infrastructure serving billions, while averting fragmentation through voluntary adoption and iterative refinement.^[21] Empirical evidence of its efficacy includes the widespread implementation of RFC-derived standards in commercial products, reducing barriers to entry and fostering economic value estimated in trillions from internet-enabled services.^[16]

Criticisms and Limitations

The RFC process has been criticized for its protracted timelines, with drafts averaging over two years from submission to publication, and some exceeding 19 years due to iterative reviews, working group deliberations, and multiple last calls.^[22] This slowness stems from the emphasis on extensive scrutiny, including IESG evaluations and community feedback periods, which can delay standardization even for urgent protocols.^[23] The reliance on "rough consensus" introduces limitations, as it lacks a formal voting mechanism and can devolve into consensus by exhaustion, where outcomes favor participants with greater persistence rather than optimal technical merit.^[24] While intended to accommodate diverse views without requiring unanimity, this model risks stagnation if a single vocal dissenter blocks progress or if discussions reopen resolved issues, leading to suboptimal compromises or stalled drafts.^[25] Critics note that applying consensus to minor editorial changes further burdens the process inefficiently.^[24] Quality control remains inconsistent, with published RFCs prone to errors, imprecise terminology, and incomplete specifications despite rigorous reviews; the errata database records over 3,000 entries, averaging about one verified error per three RFCs.^[22] Authors sometimes expedite publication by minimizing revisions, prioritizing closure over perfection, which the IESG process tolerates by treating authors as editors rather than sole owners of content accuracy.^[22] Intellectual property constraints pose another limitation, as RFCs offer no guarantee of being patent-free; implementers must independently verify disclosures in the IETF IPR database, which may not capture all relevant claims.^[1] This has historically led to litigation risks for adopters, particularly when patents surface post-publication.^[26] Structural overburdening affects efficacy, with authority concentrated in the small IESG body, resulting in high workloads, low draft readership (around 5% of participants), and inadequate coordination across working groups for complex topics.^[23] The three-stage advancement to full standards is rarely completed, with most documents remaining at Proposed Standard due to insufficient implementation testing or review depth.^[23] Participation challenges, including lack of training and formal incentives, exacerbate delays and contribute to inconsistent engineering practices.^[23]

Organizations

Sports Clubs

In sports, the acronym RFC most commonly designates Rugby Football Club, applied to organizations focused on rugby union or rugby league. This usage reflects the sport's historical nomenclature, where clubs append RFC to signify their dedication to rugby football, distinct from association football (soccer). The term appears in club names across various countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia, encompassing both professional and amateur teams. For example, the Atlanta Renegades Rugby Football Club, founded in 1974, operates as one of the oldest rugby clubs in the U.S., fielding competitive and social teams with training sessions held twice weekly.^[27] Similarly, the Gwinnett Lions Rugby Club in Georgia fields senior men's and women's teams, emphasizing community and skill development in regional competitions.^[28] In association football, RFC occasionally denotes Football Club in specific European contexts, often prefixed with "Royal" in Belgian or French-speaking regions to indicate royal patronage. Notable instances include clubs like RFC Liège in Belgium, a professional team historically competing in higher divisions and known for its regional significance in Liège Province. Fan communities also informally abbreviate prominent clubs such as Scotland's Rangers Football Club as RFC, a usage rooted in supporter culture rather than official branding.^[29] This abbreviation's prevalence in rugby underscores the sport's club-based structure, where RFC distinguishes teams from broader football associations, though overlaps exist in multi-sport contexts. Dictionaries confirm RFC's primary association with rugby in sports lexicons.^[30]^[31]

Governmental and Historical Entities

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was a United States government agency established by the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, signed into law by President Herbert Hoover on January 22, 1932, to provide emergency financing to banks, railroads, and other distressed enterprises amid the Great Depression.^[32] Initially capitalized at $500 million with authority to issue up to $1.8 billion in bonds, the RFC extended over $2 billion in loans by the end of 1932, primarily to financial institutions to prevent widespread bank failures, though critics noted its focus on large entities over direct individual relief.^[33] Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the agency expanded its role through the New Deal, financing public works, agricultural programs, and later wartime production, disbursing more than $50 billion in loans and investments before its liquidation in 1957.^[34] The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the aerial warfare organization of the British Army, formally constituted by Royal Warrant on April 13, 1912, evolving from the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers to address the growing military potential of aviation.^[35] By the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the RFC comprised four squadrons with approximately 200 personnel and operated reconnaissance, bombing, and fighter roles, suffering heavy casualties—over 8,000 killed—in aerial combat and ground support missions across the Western Front.^[36] In 1917, the RFC pioneered tactics like the offensive patrol and coordinated air-ground operations, contributing to breakthroughs such as the Battle of Cambrai; it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on April 1, 1918, to form the independent Royal Air Force.^[37]

Non-Profit and Religious Groups

The Religious Formation Conference (RFC), established in 1954 as the Sister Formation Conference in response to concerns over inadequate preparation for women religious voiced by Pope Pius XII and others, evolved into a national Roman Catholic organization serving both women's and men's religious institutes.^[38]^[39] In 1976, it expanded its scope to incorporate formation programs for men religious, reflecting broader shifts in Catholic religious life.^[40] The RFC focuses on initial and lifelong formation through educational services, including webinars, workshops, members-only resources, and biennial national congresses that address prophetic witness, transformation, and contemporary challenges in religious vocation.^[41] Membership is institutional, drawn from U.S. and international Catholic congregations, with the national office coordinating efforts to strengthen formators' roles.^[42] The Rosenberg Fund for Children (RFC), founded in 1990 by Robert Meeropol—son of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in 1953 for espionage—supports children and young adults (ages 18-24) targeted due to their parents' or personal progressive activism against repression.^[43]^[44] It provides targeted grants for educational, therapeutic, and extracurricular needs, such as tuition, counseling, and arts programs; in one recent spring cycle, it awarded 84 grants totaling $221,590 to benefit 162 children across 7 new and 77 renewal cases.^[44] The fund connects recipients to activist networks for emotional resilience and community support, while advocating for social justice, with advisory input from figures like Angela Y. Davis.^[45] Applications are accepted biannually, emphasizing direct aid to mitigate isolation from political targeting.^[44]

Other Technical and Acronym Uses

Science and Engineering Terms

In toxicology and environmental health risk assessment, RfC denotes reference concentration, defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure concentration to the human population, including sensitive subgroups, that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer health effects during a lifetime.^[46] This metric is derived from inhalation toxicity data, often using animal studies extrapolated to humans via dosimetric adjustments for species differences in breathing patterns and tissue dosimetry, and incorporates uncertainty factors for interspecies and intraspecies variability, as well as data quality.^[47] RfC values are published in the EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database and used to calculate hazard quotients by comparing estimated exposure concentrations to the RfC, where quotients exceeding 1 indicate potential concern.^[48] In biochemistry and molecular biology, RFC refers to the reduced folate carrier, a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein encoded by the SLC19A1 gene that serves as the primary bidirectional anion exchanger for transporting reduced folates, such as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, across cell membranes.^[49] This carrier operates via a pH-dependent mechanism, concentrating folates inside cells against gradients using the negatively charged glutamate residues of folates, and is essential for cellular processes including DNA synthesis, methylation reactions, and one-carbon metabolism.^[50] Mutations in SLC19A1 can lead to hereditary folate malabsorption, underscoring its physiological importance, while its overexpression or targeting influences antifolate chemotherapy efficacy in cancers reliant on folate pathways.^[51] In electrical and radio frequency (RF) engineering, RFC stands for radio frequency choke, an inductor designed to present high impedance to RF signals (typically in the kHz to GHz range) while permitting direct current (DC) or low-frequency signals to pass with minimal attenuation.^[52] These components, often wound with ferrite or iron powder cores for enhanced inductance, are employed in circuits to isolate DC bias supplies from RF paths, suppress unwanted RF feedback, or filter harmonics in amplifiers and transmitters, with self-resonant frequency considerations critical to avoid unintended tank circuit formation.^[53] In project and process engineering, particularly within construction, oil and gas, and manufacturing sectors, RFC signifies ready for commissioning, a milestone certifying the completion of pre-commissioning activities such as punch list resolution, mechanical completeness checks, and availability of spares and vendor support, enabling safe initiation of commissioning tests like dynamic verification and leak assessments.^[54] Issuance of an RFC certificate for subsystems or full plants typically requires no outstanding Category A punch items (affecting safety or operability) and precedes handover to operations, ensuring systems meet design specifications before energization or fluid introduction.

Business and Administrative Identifiers

The Registro Federal de Contribuyentes (RFC), translating to Federal Taxpayer Registry, functions as Mexico's primary tax identification number, uniquely assigned to individuals and legal entities conducting economic activities within the country.^[55] Administered by the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), the Mexican tax authority, the RFC enables tracking of tax obligations, including income reporting, value-added tax (IVA) compliance, and invoice issuance under the Comprobante Fiscal Digital por Internet (CFDI) system.^[56] ^[57] For natural persons, the RFC comprises 13 alphanumeric characters: the first four derived from the individual's name and surname using phonetic encoding, followed by six digits representing the birth date in YYMMDD format, three characters for a homoclave (a unique suffix for disambiguation), and a final validation digit.^[58] Legal entities receive a 12-character RFC, starting with three letters from the company name, six date digits indicating incorporation (YYMMDD), and three homoclave characters.^[58] This structure ensures uniqueness and facilitates electronic validation, with mandatory RFC inclusion on all official documents, contracts, and transactions to prevent tax evasion and support digital fiscal controls.^[59] Businesses and self-employed individuals must obtain an RFC to legally operate, open bank accounts, receive payments, or engage in imports/exports, as non-registration bars participation in formal economic activities.^[56] Foreign companies establishing a presence in Mexico, such as through branches or subsidiaries, require an RFC for local tax filings, even if parent entities hold foreign identifiers.^[60] Since January 1, 2025, e-commerce platforms shipping to Mexico must collect buyer RFCs at checkout to comply with enhanced VAT reporting requirements, reflecting SAT's push for broader digital oversight.^[61] Updates to RFC details, such as address or activity changes, must be filed promptly via SAT portals to avoid penalties, underscoring its role as a dynamic administrative tool for fiscal accountability.^[62]

Military and Historical Abbreviations

The abbreviation RFC in military and historical contexts primarily denotes the Royal Flying Corps, the aviation branch of the British Army formed on 13 April 1912 to oversee military aeronautics amid rapid advancements in flight technology.^[35] Initially structured with a Military Wing for army air operations and a Naval Wing (which evolved into the independent Royal Naval Air Service by July 1914), the RFC centralized pilot training at the Central Flying School and focused on reconnaissance, messaging, and early aerial experimentation.^[35] At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the RFC comprised approximately 147 officers, 1,097 other ranks, 179 aircraft, and seven squadrons, primarily tasked with observation and artillery coordination from the Western Front.^[63] During the war, the RFC expanded dramatically to over 200 squadrons by 1918, pioneering roles in aerial photography, bombing raids, and dogfighting amid high attrition rates from rudimentary aircraft, enemy fire, and weather hazards; it incurred thousands of casualties, including pilots lost to "Bloody April" offensives in 1917 where losses exceeded 200 machines in a single month.^[36] The Corps supported ground forces through corps-level reconnaissance squadrons and pursued air superiority against German counterparts, contributing to tactical innovations like synchronized machine-gun firing.^[64] Personnel records, preserved in the British National Archives, document service for airmen across ranks, with many originating from the British Empire, including significant Canadian contingents trained under RFC auspices.^[37] On 1 April 1918, the RFC merged with the Royal Naval Air Service to form the Royal Air Force, marking the unification of British military aviation under a single independent service amid lessons from four years of industrialized air warfare.^[36] Post-war, RFC designations influenced RAF squadron numbering and traditions, with historical analyses emphasizing its foundational role in establishing air power doctrines despite equipment limitations and command challenges.^[35] While internal RFC documentation employed sub-abbreviations (e.g., for squadrons or training units), the primary acronym endures as a symbol of early 20th-century military aviation transition from novelty to strategic necessity.^[65]

References

[1]
About RFCs - IETF
The IETF publishes its technical documentation as RFCs, an acronym for their historical title Requests for Comments. They describe the Internet's technical ...
[2]
RFC 8700: Fifty Years of RFCs
1. Introduction. The RFC Series began in April 1969 with the publication of "Host Software" by Steve Crocker. · 2. Key Moments in RFC History. Table 1: Key ...
[3]
RFC 2555 - 30 Years of RFCs - IETF Datatracker
RFC 2555 is a memo providing information for the Internet community, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the RFC series, which began with RFC 1.
[4]
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4844/
[5]
RFC 8728 - RFC Editor Model (Version 2) - IETF Datatracker
Mar 9, 2020 · The RFC Editor model described in this document divides the responsibilities for the RFC Series into three functions: the RFC Series Editor, the RFC Production ...<|separator|>
[6]
Principles of the Request for Comments Series - IETF
May 18, 2020 · The RFC Series is the archival series dedicated to documenting Internet technical specifications, including general contributions from the ...
[7]
RFC 1: Host Software
Network Working Group Steve Crocker Request for Comments: 1 UCLA 7 April 1969 Title: Host Software Author: Steve Crocker Installation: UCLA Date: 7 April ...
[8]
RFC 8700: Fifty Years of RFCs
This RFC marks the fiftieth anniversary for the RFC Series. It includes both retrospective material from individuals involved at key inflection points as well ...
[9]
Publication Process - » RFC Editor
The RFC process includes: submission, editing, authors' final review, and publication. All RFCs start as Internet-Drafts, and are tracked in a queue.
[10]
Internet standards process - IETF
The IETF process involves development, review, and revision of specifications by working groups, with RFCs as the core output.
[11]
RFC Publication process | Internet-Draft Author Resources - IETF
The RFC process starts with stream approval, then the RPC manages the document through a queue, including editing, and author final approval (AUTH48).
[12]
Frequently Asked Questions - » RFC Editor
The RFC Editor provides a list of errata for published RFCs. Use the RFC Errata page to look up errata by RFC number or view the complete list.
[13]
RFC 2026 - The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3
This memo documents the process used by the Internet community for the standardization of protocols and procedures.<|separator|>
[14]
RFC 6410 - Reducing the Standards Track to Two Maturity Levels
This document updates the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Standards Process defined in RFC 2026. Primarily, it reduces the Standards Process from three ...
[15]
46 Years of RFCs (Celebrating The Anniversary of RFC 1)
Apr 7, 2015 · ... RFC” was issued by Steve Crocker. RFC 1 defined the “IMP software” used in the communication between hosts on the ARPAnet and makes for ...
[16]
RFC 8700 - Fifty Years of RFCs - IETF Datatracker
The RFC Series began in April 1969 with the publication of "Host Software" by Steve Crocker. The early RFCs were, in fact, requests for comments on ideas ...<|separator|>
[17]
RFC 791 - Internet Protocol - IETF Datatracker
The internet protocol is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks. Such a system has been called a catenet.
[18]
How IPv4 Works – A Handbook for Developers - freeCodeCamp
Apr 30, 2025 · IP stands for "Internet Protocol", so IPv4 is Internet Protocol version 4. It was described in RFC 791 by IETF, published in September 1981, and ...
[19]
RFC 1035 - Domain names - implementation and specification
RFC 1035 describes the domain system and protocol, including standard queries, responses, and Internet class RR data formats.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[20]
Understanding RFC 1035: The Backbone of the Domain Name System
Nov 28, 2024 · By defining clear rules, RFC 1035 ensures DNS operations are uniform across different systems, protocols, and applications worldwide.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[21]
How Standard Setters Run the Internet - Internet Society
Jul 15, 2025 · RFCs are a major part of the standards process. They share standards and information, and allow all people to share their input. RFCs were ...
[22]
Opinion: The making of an RFC in today's IETF - APNIC Blog
Aug 25, 2020 · It's a process that can be forbidding, tediously slow, prone to unpredictable outcomes and subject to uncomfortable compromises.
[23]
RFC 3774: IETF Problem Statement
1. Span of Authority Overt authority in the IETF is concentrated in the small number of people sitting on the IESG at that time. · 2. Workload of the IESG With ...
[24]
Consensus in Internet Standards - Mark Nottingham
May 24, 2024 · This post explores why we use consensus, what it is, how it works in Internet standards and when its use can become problematic.
[25]
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7282.html
[26]
https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/
[27]
Atlanta Renegades Rugby Football Club
The Atlanta Renegades are a rugby club based in Atlanta, Georgia. The club was founded in 1974 and is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the United States.
[28]
Gwinnett Lions Rugby
The Gwinnett Lions Rugby Club is more than just a team; we are a family united by our love for the sport. Our Senior Men's and Women's teams showcase skill ...
[29]
R.F.C - Urban Dictionary
R.F.C. = A short Abbreviation for Rangers Football Club ; R.F.C are better than CFC ; by Barry Ferguson December 29, 2007 ; Flag.<|separator|>
[30]
RFC definition in American English - Collins Dictionary
RFC in British English. abbreviation for. 1. Royal Flying Corps. 2. Rugby Football Club. Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers. Quick ...
[31]
Rugby Football Club - RFC - All Acronyms
The abbreviation RFC stands for Rugby Football Club and is mostly used in the following categories: Rugby, Sport, Sports, Club, Football. Whether you're ...
[32]
Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act | Federal Reserve History
During the years 1932 and 1933, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation effectively served as the discount lending arm of the Federal Reserve Board.
[33]
Reconstruction Finance Corporation – EH.net
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was established during the Hoover administration with the primary objective of providing liquidity to, and ...
[34]
Uncurrent Events: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation - FRASER
Feb 9, 2022 · As such, between 1932 and 1933, the RFC operated as the discount lending arm of the Federal Reserve, but its purpose and functions changed over ...<|separator|>
[35]
The RFC - RAF Museum
On 13 April 1912 the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was formed by Royal Warrant and came into being a month later in May when the Air Battalion was absorbed into ...
[36]
Royal Flying Corps - National Army Museum
The Royal Flying Corps was the air arm of the British Army during the First World War. In 1918, it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service to become the Royal ...
[37]
Royal Flying Corps airmen - The National Archives
The RFC was in existence from 1912 to 1918. In July 1914 the RFC's naval wing was detached to form the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). On 1 April 1918 the two ...
[38]
Celebrating 70 Years of RFC's 'Pioneering Spirit'
This year, the Religious Formation Conference turns 70 years old! From its founding in 1954 the Conference has been a pioneer in furthering the education ...
[39]
One Hundred Years of Catholic Schools (1893–1993) - Guides
Jan 6, 2025 · Founded in 1954, the Sister Formation Conference was a response to concerns—most notably Pope Pius XII's—that women religious were not receiving ...
[40]
Religious Formation Conference at 60: 'Relocating the Prophetic ...
Jul 10, 2014 · In 1976, the Sister Formation Conference incorporated the formation of men religious into its mission and became the Religious Formation ...
[41]
About RFC | Religious Formation Conference
The Religious Formation Conference (RFC) is a national Roman Catholic organization serving women's and men's religious institutes.
[42]
RFC Membership Information - Religious Formation Conference |
The Religious Formation Conference (RFC) is a national Roman Catholic organization serving religious institutes of women and men with programs and services for ...
[43]
Rosenberg Fund for Children | JD2718
Dec 19, 2023 · The Rosenberg Fund for Children was established to provide for the educational and emotional needs of children whose parents have suffered ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[44]
Rosenberg Fund for Children: Welcome
The Rosenberg Fund for Children envisions a world where no child suffers alone when their family faces repression. We connect activist families we help to a ...
[45]
Our Story | Rosenberg Fund for Children
The Rosenberg Fund for Children provides the shelter of a supportive community for children whose parents are working for social justice.
[46]
Reference Concentrations for Noncancer Effects and Unit Risks for ...
EPA defines an RfC as “an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human population ( ...
[47]
Methods for Derivation of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and ...
This document describes EPA's methodology for estimating inhalation reference concentrations (RfCs) for chronic noncancer toxicity assessment.
[48]
Basic Information about the Integrated Risk Information System - EPA
More information on deriving RfD and RfC values can be found in EPA's 2002 A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes. Reference ...
[49]
Structure and Function of the Reduced Folate Carrier
This review focuses on the biology of the membrane transport system termed the “reduced folate carrier” or RFC with a particular emphasis on RFC structure and ...
[50]
Reduced Folate Carrier - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC1) is defined as a bidirectional transmembrane transporter that primarily facilitates the movement of reduced forms of folate ...
[51]
Human reduced folate carrier: translation of basic biology to cancer ...
The ubiquitously expressed RFC has unequivocally established itself as the major transport system in mammalian cells and tissues for a group of compounds ...
[52]
Determining RF Choke Requirements for a Class E Power Amplifier
Nov 17, 2024 · In this article, we examine the effects of RF choke non-idealities on Class E amplifier performance and learn how to choose the right choke ...
[53]
How to Select R.F. Chokes, May 1966 Electronics World - RF Cafe
This article delves into what causes inductors to act like parallel and/or series resonant tank circuits.
[54]
[PDF] Precommissioning Engineering as a Process Plant ... - IRJET
On completion of these tests, RFC (Ready for. Commissioning) certificate is issued for each Sub-system and there is NO outstanding punch item category A ...<|separator|>
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[PDF] mexico-tin.pdf - OECD
The Mexican Tax Administration Service assigns a unique number (Clave en el Registro Federal de. Contribuyentes - RFC) to each person enrolled in such Registry; ...
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FAQs: What is Mexico's RFC, and What is it Used For? - Mexperience
Aug 7, 2025 · The RFC stands for Registro Federal de Contibuyentes. It's a unique registration number issued by Mexico's tax collection agency, SAT. What is ...
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What is and how to apply for Mexico's RFC?
RFC facilitates monitoring of business transactions, payments, and expenses for tax reporting purposes. Employers use it to report income tax deductions from ...
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Mexico Tax ID Number Guide
The Mexican Registro Federal de Contribuyentes (RFC) is a 10 to 13 digit number. The structure of the RFC varies depending on the type of taxpayer.
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Mexican RFC: Your Complete Guide | Fonoa | Blog
Jul 24, 2024 · The RFC is the Mexican TIN (Tax Identification Number). RFC stands for 'Registro Federal de Contribuyentes' (Federal Taxpayer Registry). Any ...Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
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What Is the Mexican Tax ID (RFC) for Foreign Companies? - Flatfee
May 27, 2024 · The Mexican Tax ID, or RFC, is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to individuals and legal entities operating in Mexico.Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
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Tax ID Required in Checkout for Shipments to Mexico
Dec 19, 2024 · Starting January 1, 2025, the Mexican government will require the collection of the tax ID, RFC (Registro Federal de Contribuyentes) on ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Overview of the RFC registration and update for legal entities
The RFC can be found in tax returns, invoices, procedures with banking institutions and other authorities since it is the means to identify taxpayers in Mexico.
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Early Casualties of the Royal Flying Corps in August 1914
When War was declared, the Military Wing of the RFC comprised 147 officers, 1097 men and 179 aeroplanes. There were 7 aeroplane squadrons: No 1 Sqn at ...
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THE ROYAL FLYING CORPS 1912 - 1918 - Imperial War Museums
Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force 1912-1918 ... Within the first six months of the First World War, more than 1.3 million prisoners were held in Europe.
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Abbreviations - Royal Flying Corps - airhistory.org.uk
Units ; RFC, Royal Flying Corps ; RLP, Reserve Lorry Park ; RS, Reserve Squadron (later Training Squadron) ; SA, South Africa ; SAG, School of Aerial Gunnery.