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Red card

A red card in association football is a disciplinary card displayed by the referee to indicate the immediate sending-off of a player, substitute, or team official for serious misconduct, such as violent conduct, serious foul play, spitting at an opponent, or denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity through deliberate handling or fouling.^[1]^[2] The sanctioned individual must leave the field of play and the technical area, leaving their team short-handed for the remainder of the match, and typically faces an automatic suspension for subsequent games.^[3]^[4] Introduced at the 1970 FIFA World Cup to clarify and universalize disciplinary decisions amid language barriers and past controversies like the 1966 England World Cup's communication failures, the red card system was devised by English referee Ken Aston, drawing inspiration from traffic signals where red denotes stop.^[5] Prior to cards, ejections relied on verbal announcements, often leading to disputes; the first World Cup red card was issued in 1974 to Chile's Carlos Caszely.^[6] A red can also result from accumulating two yellow cards in a match, with yellows signaling cautions for lesser infractions like reckless play or dissent.^[7]^[1] The system's impact includes enforcing fair play but sparking debates over referee consistency and severity, as seen in high-profile ejections like Zinedine Zidane's 2006 World Cup headbutt or records held by players such as Sergio Ramos with over 20 career reds across club and international football.^[8]^[9] Modern tools like Video Assistant Referee (VAR) review potential reds for off-field incidents, aiming to reduce errors while preserving the referee's on-pitch authority.^[10] Despite occasional extreme cases, such as matches with multiple dismissals, the red card remains a cornerstone of football's governance under the International Football Association Board (IFAB) Laws of the Game.^[11]^[2]

Sports

Association football

Penalty cards, consisting of yellow for cautions and red for sending-offs, were introduced by FIFA at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico to standardize referee signals for disciplinary actions amid growing internationalization of the sport and communication challenges with multilingual teams.^[12] The red card specifically denotes immediate ejection from the match for grave misconduct, first issued at a World Cup in 1974 when Chilean player Carlos Caszely was dismissed against West Germany for violent conduct.^[13] Under the International Football Association Board (IFAB) Laws of the Game, Law 12 outlines red-card offenses including serious foul play (endangering an opponent with excessive force), violent conduct (assaults or attempted assaults), denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity through deliberate handball or foul when the goalkeeper is not the last defender, spitting at anyone, using offensive, insulting, or abusive language or gestures, and receiving a second caution (yellow card) in the same match. These rules enforce discipline by prioritizing player safety and fair play, with empirical evidence from match data showing red cards often correlate with tactical disruptions favoring the opposing team. Upon issuance, the offender must leave the field and technical area immediately, reducing the team to 10 players (or fewer if multiple ejections occur), which persists for the match remainder and typically disadvantages the short-handed side in outcomes—studies indicate teams receiving a red card lose approximately 80-90% of such games in top leagues due to numerical inferiority.^[4] Suspensions follow automatically: a straight red or second yellow mandates at least one-match ineligibility, escalating to three or more games for violent or repeated offenses, as determined by disciplinary committees reviewing footage for intent and severity.^[14] In professional leagues, red cards average 0.25 per match across 101,491 fixtures in 87 competitions analyzed by the CIES Football Observatory, reflecting referees' restraint for minor infractions but firm application for egregious acts that undermine competition integrity.^[15] The advent of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology, trialed in the 2017 Confederations Cup and formalized at the 2018 World Cup, has refined red-card decisions by allowing off-field review of incidents, boosting accuracy from around 92% to 98-99% for subjective calls like violent conduct.^[16] Post-VAR data reveals fewer overall fouls and red cards in implemented leagues, as players self-regulate under scrutiny, though critics argue it prolongs matches and invites over-analysis of split-second challenges, potentially eroding referee authority.^[16] A prominent case is David Beckham's 1998 World Cup red card against Argentina, where he kicked out at Diego Simeone in retaliation, leading to England's penalty-shootout exit and Beckham facing intense public backlash that tested his resilience but ultimately propelled his global career through demonstrated maturity.^[7]

Other sports

In rugby union, the red card denotes permanent dismissal for grave infractions under Law 9, encompassing foul play like reckless endangering of opponents, with the penalized team unable to replace the player, thereby sustaining a numerical deficit to preserve match integrity through direct deterrence of hazardous conduct.^[17] This contrasts with association football's allowance for substitutions post-ejection, imposing a harsher causal penalty on team dynamics and escalating stakes for repeated aggression.^[18] Adoption of formalized red cards traces to early international precedents, with the first recorded send-off occurring on March 13, 1881, when Welsh player Willie Thomas was dismissed against Scotland, though standardized enforcement evolved through governing bodies like World Rugby.^[19] World Rugby introduced a trial 20-minute red card sanction in 2024 competitions for non-head-contact offenses like deliberate high tackles without mitigation, permitting replacement after 20 minutes while barring the offender's return, aimed at mitigating disproportionate game disruption from marginal calls without diluting punishment for intent.^[20] ^[21] Such adaptations underscore efforts to balance disciplinary rigor against over-penalization, as traditional full ejections have drawn criticism for inconsistently applied thresholds influenced by referee subjectivity, potentially biasing outcomes in high-stakes fixtures.^[22] Field hockey employs red cards for ejection in cases of violent conduct, abusive language, or extreme unsporting actions, mandating the player's exit without substitution and possible further sanctions, enforcing player accountability akin to rugby but with briefer review processes due to the sport's faster pace.^[23] ^[24] This permanent removal causally curbs escalation of dangerous play, as evidenced by umpiring protocols integrating green warnings and yellow suspensions (minimum five minutes) as precursors, fostering graduated deterrence absent in some contact sports.^[25] Across these disciplines, red card enforcement reveals variances in replacement policies and sanction durations, with empirical analyses of analogous systems indicating that dismissals amplify disadvantages for numerically inferior or weaker teams, as reduced manpower correlates with diminished scoring opportunities and heightened vulnerability to opponent exploitation.^[26] ^[27] Critics highlight referee bias risks, where underdogs face elevated scrutiny for defensive desperation, potentially undermining equitable integrity despite the mechanism's intent to suppress violence through immediate exclusion.^[28]

Commerce

Target Circle Card (formerly RedCard)

The Target Circle Card, formerly known as the RedCard, is a suite of linked financial products offered by Target Corporation, consisting of credit, debit, and reloadable prepaid debit variants designed to incentivize customer loyalty through discounts on in-store and online purchases. Launched in 2001 as a Visa-branded addition to Target's proprietary store card, it provides eligible users with a 5% discount on nearly all Target transactions, free two-day shipping on qualifying Target.com orders, and an extended 30-day return window beyond the standard policy.^[29]^[30]^[31] No annual or monthly fees apply across versions, though the credit card requires approval based on creditworthiness, while the debit and reloadable options link to a user's bank account or allow cash reloads without a credit check, appealing to unbanked or underbanked consumers.^[30]^[32] These features yield measurable savings for frequent shoppers, with the 5% discount translating to approximately $100 annually on $2,000 in Target spending—a threshold met by many households given Target's average transaction value exceeds $50. Empirical data from user spend patterns indicate higher returns for heavy users; for instance, a family averaging $5,700 yearly at Target could save over $285 via the discount alone, excluding shipping and return benefits that reduce ancillary costs. However, the credit version's variable APR, currently at 28.95%, imposes significant carrying costs for non-full payers, often exceeding discount gains and fostering debt accumulation, as retail cards like this prioritize merchant retention over consumer financial health.^[33]^[34] Security vulnerabilities have historically undermined the product's reliability, most notably during the 2013 data breach where hackers accessed point-of-sale systems, compromising up to 40 million credit and debit card numbers from U.S. stores between November 27 and December 15. This incident, linked to stolen vendor credentials and unpatched malware, resulted in an $18.5 million multi-state settlement and class-action lawsuits, exposing retail-linked cards' heightened risks compared to general-purpose alternatives due to centralized data aggregation and limited fraud protections. New users often face low initial credit limits of $200 to $2,000, typically starting at $300–$500, which can constrain utility and amplify utilization ratios, potentially harming credit scores if balances approach limits.^[35]^[36]^[37] Target reports millions of active cards in circulation, integrated since 2019 with the broader Target Circle loyalty program, which boasts over 100 million members who spend five times more than non-enrollees, though RedCard-specific adoption has declined amid rising digital payment alternatives. The 2024 rebranding to Target Circle Card, effective April 7, aligns it under the loyalty umbrella, automatically applying Circle bonuses and offering $50 off the new Target Circle 360 paid tier for cardholders, but critics note this bundles user data for targeted marketing—yielding corporate profits via heightened retention—while empirical ROI depends on disciplined use to avoid interest and breach-related losses. The reloadable prepaid variant mitigates some debt risks for cash-reliant users but has drawn scrutiny for potential overdraft-like fees in reload cycles, underscoring trade-offs in accessibility versus financial stability.^[38]^[39]^[40]

Legal and civil rights

Immigrant know-your-rights cards

Immigrant know-your-rights cards, commonly printed on red cardstock for visibility, serve as compact guides distributed by advocacy groups to outline constitutional protections during encounters with U.S. immigration enforcement. First developed by the Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC), a nonprofit focused on immigrant legal advocacy, in 2007, these cards provide scripted responses and reminders such as refusing to open doors without a judicial warrant, exercising the right to remain silent, and requesting an attorney before answering questions about immigration status.^[41]^[42] Available in multiple languages including English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, they are offered as free downloadable templates for printing and lamination, enabling widespread community distribution.^[43]^[44] The cards draw on the Fourth Amendment's safeguards against unreasonable searches and seizures—requiring agents to present a signed warrant from a judge for entry—and the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination, which courts have affirmed extend to all persons physically present in the U.S., regardless of citizenship or legal status.^[43]^[42] Organizations like the ILRC emphasize that these rights apply universally, not just to citizens, and have facilitated dissemination to millions through partnerships with community centers, schools, and legal aid networks, particularly in response to heightened enforcement periods.^[43]^[45] Proponents, including ILRC and similar groups, assert the cards empower individuals to avoid coerced disclosures that could lead to detention or deportation, citing anecdotal successes in rights assertion during home visits or traffic stops by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).^[43]^[46] However, empirical studies on their overall efficacy in reducing deportations or altering enforcement outcomes remain scarce, with available assessments largely qualitative and derived from advocacy reports rather than independent evaluations.^[47] Critics from law enforcement perspectives, including ICE officials, argue that widespread non-cooperation prompted by such materials can obstruct legitimate investigations, delay administrative processes, and inadvertently enable evasion by individuals with removal orders or criminal records, though specific data linking cards to increased harboring incidents is not publicly quantified.^[48] Debates surrounding the cards highlight tensions between individual rights protection and enforcement imperatives, especially amid U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) data showing 2.4 million encounters at the southwest border in fiscal year 2024 alone, many involving unauthorized entries.^[49] Supporters view them as essential bulwarks against potential abuses in resource-strapped agencies, while opponents, often from security-focused viewpoints, contend they exacerbate systemic non-compliance without addressing underlying issues like porous borders or visa overstays, potentially undermining public trust in immigration law adherence.^[46]^[50] The ILRC's advocacy-oriented framing, while grounded in constitutional law, reflects institutional priorities that may underemphasize cooperative civic obligations, as noted in broader critiques of immigrant rights resources.^[47]

Anti-racism initiatives

Show Racism the Red Card (SRTRC) is an anti-racism educational charity founded in England in January 1996, initially supported by a donation from Newcastle United player Peter Beardsley, to leverage football's prominence in combating prejudice through the metaphor of issuing a red card to eject racism from society.^[51]^[52] The organization delivers school-based workshops, multimedia resources, and annual events like Wear Red Day, reaching tens of thousands of students annually via endorsements from professional players and partnerships with football governing bodies.^[53] SRTRC has collaborated with UEFA and FIFA on initiatives, including a 2009 DVD featuring global players transmitting anti-racist messages and contributions to broader campaigns like UEFA's "red card to racism" referee protocols introduced in 2004 to address on-pitch discrimination.^[54]^[55] Expansions include programs in Scotland, Ireland, and Australia, with academic evaluations of specific modules, such as the 2024 report on the "Migration: Making Britain Great" initiative, highlighting successes in fostering dialogue among youth.^[53] A 2015 Scottish government review credited similar efforts with reinforcing societal norms against overt racism but noted insufficient long-term shifts in underlying attitudes or behaviors.^[56] Despite these visibility gains, empirical evidence for causal reductions in racist incidents remains limited, as discrimination reports in English football hit record highs of 1,398 in the 2024/25 season, with racist abuse comprising 65% of cases and professional-level incidents rising from 223 to 245 year-over-year.^[57]^[58] UEFA data from 2025 competitions identified 65% of flagged online posts as hate speech, including racism, amid surges in reported European incidents, suggesting campaigns may enhance reporting without demonstrably curbing root causes like fan culture or online anonymity.^[59]^[60] Critics, including analyses of FIFA's zero-tolerance policies, argue such initiatives risk performative symbolism, overlooking persistent on-field and digital abuse documented in annual reviews showing no decline during intensified efforts post-2020.^[61]^[62]^[63]

Art, entertainment, and media

Music

Red Card is the third studio album by the British rock band Streetwalkers, released in June 1976 on Vertigo Records in the UK and Mercury Records in the United States.^[64] The record, featuring vocalist Roger Chapman and guitarist Chris Richardson, incorporates hard rock and classic rock styles with groove-heavy arrangements across tracks including "Run for Cover," "Hole in Your Pocket," and "Baby Rock and Roll."^[65] It marked the band's commercial peak, reaching number 16 on the UK Albums Chart and charting for six weeks, amid rising internal conflicts and competition from emerging disco trends that contributed to the group's dissolution after their follow-up release.^[66]^[67] In 2019, Ghanaian artist Wanlov the Kubolor released Red Card: The Minstrel Cycle, a 19-track album blending rap, reggae, and Afro-pop elements to explore social and cultural themes.^[68] Produced independently, it includes collaborations such as "Could U" with Sena Dagadu and M3NSA, reflecting the artist's satirical style akin to his Fokn Bois projects, though it received limited mainstream chart attention outside African music circuits.^[69] Several songs titled "Red Card" have appeared in various genres, including a 2020 grime track by Frisco featuring Skepta, Jammer, JME, and Shorty, which gained traction in UK urban music scenes via streaming platforms.^[70] Similarly, Ugandan singer Vinka's 2021 Afrobeats single of the same name charted regionally, emphasizing dance rhythms and romantic dismissal lyrics.^[71] These releases, while niche, highlight the title's occasional use in contemporary music to evoke themes of rejection or penalty.

Video games

RedCard 2003, known as RedCard 20-03 in North America and simply RedCard in Europe, is an arcade-style association football video game developed by Point of View and published by Midway Games, released on April 16, 2002, for PlayStation 2, with subsequent launches on Xbox and GameCube later that year.^[72] ^[73] The title emphasizes hyper-aggressive gameplay mechanics, including slide tackles, karate kicks, and other over-the-top contact actions that frequently trigger red card ejections, mirroring but exaggerating real disciplinary consequences to promote chaotic, high-contact matches akin to Midway's extreme sports titles like NFL Blitz.^[74] ^[75] Players compete with up to 50 international teams in modes focused on rapid scoring and physical dominance, though the game's reception was mixed, earning a 6.4/10 from IGN for its adrenaline-fueled entertainment while drawing implicit critique for prioritizing violence over tactical depth.^[76] In simulation-focused soccer video games, red card systems integrate disciplinary realism by enforcing ejections for severe fouls, as seen in the EA Sports FIFA series, where such mechanics have evolved since at least FIFA Soccer 95 to reduce team personnel and alter match dynamics, compelling strategic adjustments in offense and defense.^[77] These features simulate causal impacts from real rules, with ejected players leaving teams short-handed for the remainder of virtual fixtures, though no direct sequels to RedCard 2003 emerged to expand its ejection-centric arcade formula.^[72]

Other uses

Professional qualifications

In wildland firefighting, the red card, formally known as the Incident Qualification Card, serves as an interagency certification document verifying a firefighter's training, experience, and physical fitness for specific positions on U.S. federal and state fire incidents. Issued annually by a unit's training officer through the Incident Qualifications and Certification System (IQCS), it lists qualifications such as Firefighter Type 2 (ICT2), which requires completion of courses like S-130 (Firefighter Training), S-190 (Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior), and a work capacity test involving a 3-mile pack test with 45 pounds in under 45 minutes.^[78]^[79]^[80] The system originated in the 1970s following major wildfire seasons that prompted interagency coordination, with the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) formalizing standards in 1976 to standardize qualifications across agencies like the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Red cards enable deployment to incidents, denoting specialties such as engine boss or helitack crewmember, and must be carried on person for verification during operations.^[81]^[82] Beyond firefighting, "red card" is used colloquially in some workplaces to denote summary dismissal notices for gross misconduct, allowing termination without notice, though this lacks formal standardization and varies by jurisdiction, such as in certain U.K. or South African employment practices. In emergency management protocols for facilities like schools, red cards signal assistance needs during evacuations—e.g., indicating injuries or unaccounted individuals—but these are not qualification credentials and serve signaling functions rather than certifying professional competencies.^[83] Critics of the firefighting red card system have noted risks from outdated or inadequately evaluated qualifications, potentially endangering personnel in high-stakes environments; a 1995 human factors workshop highlighted failures in the evaluation process, advocating alternatives like simulations to better assess real-world readiness. Limited data exists on systemic error rates, but reliance on self-reported updates underscores vulnerabilities in dynamic incident responses.^[84]

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[66]
RED CARD – STREETWALKERS - Official Charts
Jun 12, 1976 · Latest chart stats about RED CARD - peak chart position, weeks on chart, catalogue number, week-by-week chart placement and latest news.
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Streetwalkers - PowerPop… An Eclectic Collection of Pop Culture
Jul 14, 2024 · Red Card peaked at #20 on the UK charts in 1976. The band had some internal tensions and the changing musical tastes (disco) led to the ...
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Red Card - The Minstrel Cycle - Wanlov The Kubolor - Bandcamp
Red Card - The Minstrel Cycle by Wanlov The Kubolor, released 08 September 2019 1. The Minstrel Cycle 2. Dis Be Ghana 3. Could U ft Sena Dagadu & M3NSA 4.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Wanlov The Kubolor strikes back with Red Card: The Minstrel Cycle
Oct 2, 2019 · Musically, Red Card: The Minstrel Cycle is difficult to classify, like most Fokn Bois projects. Wanlov switches from reggae to rap, brings ...
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Red Card - song and lyrics by Frisco, Skepta, Jammer, Jme, Shorty
Listen to Red Card on Spotify. Song · Frisco, Skepta, Jammer, Jme, Shorty · 2020.
[71]
https://www.beatport.com/track/red-card/14725586
[72]
RedCard 20-03 for PlayStation 2 - GameFAQs
Rating 73% (19) Platform: PlayStation 2 · Genre: Sports » Team » Soccer » Arcade · Developer/Publisher: Midway · Release: April 16, 2002 · Also Known As: RedCard (EU, JP).
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RedCard 20-03 - Dolphin Emulator Wiki
Nov 1, 2024 · RedCard 20-03 ; Developer(s) · Point of View ; Publisher(s) · Midway Games ; Platform(s) · GameCube ; Release date(s) · June 24, 2002 · July 5, 2002.
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RedCard 2003 (Video Game 2002) - IMDb
Rating 5.6/10 (15) Red Card 2003 is Midway's soccer title in its extreme sports series. The gameplay is comparable to NFL Blitz or NHL Hitz. Players choose from one of 32 ...
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RED CARD (2003) is a Chaotic Masterpiece - YouTube
May 8, 2024 · ... RedCard is a chaotic soccer game by Midway from 2003. It has over ... Your browser can't play this video. Learn more.
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RedCard 20-03 - IGN
Rating 6.4/10 · Review by IGNRedCard 20-03's unique adrenaline-style gameplay lets you kick, score, celebrate and tackle your way through 50 international teams all vying for the Cup ...
[77]
Red Card Evolution in Every FIFA ( 1994 - 2025) - 4K - YouTube
Oct 29, 2024 · Red Card Evolution in Every FIFA ( 1994 - 2025) - 4K Chapters 00:00 - Intro 00:03 - FIFA International Soccer 1994 00:15 - FIFA Soccer 1995 ...
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WF: Wildland Fire Incident Qualifications - National Park Service
May 21, 2025 · The Incident Qualification Card, commonly called a Red Card, is an accepted interagency certification that a person is qualified to do the required job when ...
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BIA Fire Management Training - National Interagency Fire Center
Obtaining a Red Card involves a combination of classroom training, a field exercise, and in some cases, physical fitness testing. Wildland fire operations offer ...
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Firefighter Type 2 (Crewmember) - NWCG
Requirements include running, walking, climbing, jumping, twisting, bending, and lifting more than 50 pounds; the pace of work typically is set by the emergency ...
[81]
https://www.nwcg.gov/page/history
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NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1
NWCG recognizes the member agencies' authorities to jointly define and accept local position qualification requirements for local wildland fire incidents.
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'Red Cards' to misbehaving employees - Bespoke Law®
Jul 10, 2018 · Employers can issue the proverbial 'Red Card' to misbehaving employees, terminating their employment without notice.
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[PDF] Findings From the Wildland Firefighters Human Factors Workshop
The red card system is failing, which puts more firefighters at risk. New evaluation processes such as “hot-seat” simulations, panel reviews, etc., are ...