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Rider

Rider University is a private coeducational institution of higher education located in Lawrenceville, .
Founded on October 2, 1865, as Trenton Business College by Bryant, Stratton, and Whitney to train professionals amid post-Civil War industrialization, it was renamed in the early to honor its transformative president Rider and relocated to its current 350-acre campus in 1959.
The university encompasses six academic offering over 100 undergraduate majors and minors, alongside graduate programs in fields such as , , liberal arts, sciences, and fine arts; it merged with the in 1992, enhancing its music offerings.
Rider emphasizes experiential learning, career services, and small class sizes, with athletics and rankings including #45 among Regional Universities North by .

Definitions and etymology

Primary meanings

The word "rider" primarily denotes a who rides an , such as a , or a , such as a or . This sense, the most frequent in modern English usage with approximately seven occurrences per million words in written corpora, encompasses equestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, often implying or habitual engagement in the activity. For instance, professional jockeys in or competitive cyclists are commonly referred to as riders. A second primary meaning refers to an additional or provision appended to a , particularly a legislative , , or , which modifies or extends its original terms. In legislative contexts, riders are frequently unrelated to the bill's main subject, enabling the passage of extraneous provisions that might not survive standalone scrutiny; for example, U.S. has attached riders to appropriations bills since the to influence outcomes. In insurance, a rider adds specific coverage, such as accidental death benefits to a life , altering its scope without issuing a new . Other notable but less central senses include a mechanical component that slides or moves atop another part, as in the sliding weights (riders) on a for precise , a usage documented since the in scientific instruments. These meanings derive from the core notion of "riding" as mounting or being carried upon something, reflecting the term's from literal to figurative attachments.

Historical origins

The noun rider first appears in late as ridere, referring to a who rides an , particularly a , often in the context of a or . This form derives from the Old English verb rīdan ("to ride"), itself inherited from Proto-Germanic *rīdana, an action denoting mounting and controlling a mount for travel or combat, with cognates in ríða and rītan. The term's roots extend further to Proto-Indo-European *reidh-, implying motion by straddling or riding, as evidenced in related forms across . By the period (circa 1100–1500), rider had evolved into forms like rydere or ridere, retaining its core sense of a mounted individual, frequently an occupational descriptor for messengers, enforcers, or forest rangers who patrolled on horseback. Historical records from this era, such as administrative documents, associate the term with roles requiring mobility, like delivering royal proclamations or scouting, reflecting the centrality of travel in pre-industrial before widespread mechanized . The occupational persisted into surnames, where Rider denoted a knightly or figure, underscoring the word's association with feudal hierarchies and mounted warfare. A secondary sense emerged in the , with rider applied to an appended in legal or contractual documents, first attested around ; this metaphorical extension draws from the idea of the addition "riding along with" or being carried atop the primary text, akin to a supplementary load on a . This usage proliferated in parliamentary and legislative contexts, such as bills in the English Parliament, where extraneous provisions were tacked on post-drafting to bypass standard review processes. Unlike the primary meaning, this juridical application lacks direct Germanic antecedents and instead reflects English bureaucratic innovation during the era.

People

Notable real individuals

(born December 11, 1979) is an , , , and screenwriter best known for portraying Shawn Hunter on the television series from 1993 to 2000. He reprised the role in the spin-off and has appeared in films such as The Cabana Boys (1992) and provided voice work in animated projects. Isaiah Rider Jr. (born March 12, 1971, in ) is a former professional basketball player who played nine seasons in the (NBA), primarily as a shooting guard. Drafted fifth overall by the in 1993 after playing at the , Rider averaged 16.7 points per game over his career and won the 1994 NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He played for teams including the , where he earned All-Star consideration, but faced career setbacks due to off-court incidents leading to his retirement in 2001. Sir Henry Rider Haggard (June 22, 1856 – May 14, 1925) was an English novelist renowned for adventure fiction set in exotic locales, particularly Africa, with over 50 works published. His breakthrough novel (1885) sold over 100,000 copies in its first few months and inspired the literary genre, influencing later authors like . Haggard drew from his experiences as a colonial administrator in from 1875 to 1881, incorporating themes of and imperial encounters.

Surnames and family names

The surname is primarily of English origin, derived from the occupational term ridere, meaning a horseman or mounted figure, which could refer to roles such as a , , trooper, or even a forest responsible for patrolling on horseback. This traces back to the pre-7th-century Anglo-Saxon and Germanic root ridan, meaning "to ride," reflecting descriptors for individuals engaged in activities during medieval times. Early records include Roger le Ridere in , documented in 1273, indicating its use as a hereditary by the late 13th century. Alternative derivations include a habitational name from Ryther, a location near in , possibly from ryther signifying a clearing or open land, which evolved into the surname form among local inhabitants. In some cases, Rider has linguistic parallels, stemming from rîter, denoting a horseback rider or , suggesting potential continental European influences among immigrant families. These occupational and locational roots highlight how the name encapsulated practical, mobility-based identities in agrarian and feudal societies, rather than noble lineages. Globally, Rider ranks as the 17,916th most common , borne by approximately 30,825 as of recent genealogical surveys, with the highest and in the United States, where it appears among populations of and descent comprising nearly 50% of traced ancestries. It is also documented in the , , and through census data from the 19th and 20th centuries, reflecting migration patterns during colonial expansion and industrialization. Variants such as occasionally appear interchangeably in records, though they may denote distinct phonetic evolutions or unrelated adoptions. Family histories associated with Rider often trace independent lineages in early American settlements, with genealogical compilations identifying nearly 40 distinct Rider-Ryder branches in colonial records, primarily linked to English immigrants arriving in the 17th and 18th centuries. These branches lack centralized coats of arms but feature localized crests emphasizing motifs, consistent with the name's thematic origins. Comprehensive trees, such as those aggregating over 3,900 profiles, reveal concentrations in regions like and , where families contributed to development through and , though without overarching dynastic prominence.

Fictional characters

Comic book and media characters

Richard Rider, the civilian identity of the Marvel Comics superhero , first appeared in Nova #1 (September 1976). A native of , Rider is a high school student who inherits superhuman abilities from Rhomann Dey, the last surviving centurion of from the planet , after Dey transfers the Nova Force to him amid a dying wish to combat threats like the alien warlord Zorr. Empowered with flight at supersonic speeds, enhanced strength capable of lifting over 10 tons, energy projection, and force fields, Rider initially operates as a solo hero before joining as a full member and eventually ascending to the rank of Nova Prime, granting him command over the entire corps and amplified access to the Nova Force for planet-shattering feats. The Phantom Rider designation in Marvel Comics applies to multiple Old West-era vigilantes, with Carter Slade as the archetype. Introduced in Ghost Rider #1 (August 1967) under the alias —a ghostly gunslinger on a spectral steed—Slade's backstory was retconned to portray him as a former who discovers an ancient Cheyenne ritual granting him supernatural riding skills, immortality-like endurance, and the ability to summon phantom horses for combating outlaws. To distinguish him from supernatural motorcycle antiheroes, Marvel rebranded Slade as Phantom Rider in subsequent stories, emphasizing his role in tales like Western Gunfighters. Later incarnations include the villainous Lincoln Slade, a fraudulent medium who adopts the guise via and , clashing with heroes like the in 19th-century settings. In media adaptations, Richard Rider's Nova has featured in animated series such as (2012–2017), where he aids against cosmic threats while retaining core powers like gravimetric pulse generation, and in video games including Marvel Heroes (2013), depicting his Nova Prime form with team-up abilities. variants appear sparingly in live-action, notably Carter Slade's cameo in the film (2007), portrayed by as a mystical mentor figure who passes on a hellfire contract, though diverging from comic lore by conflating elements with Johnny Blaze's narrative.

Literary and game characters

In equestrian literature, Jake Lovell stands out as a central character in Jilly Cooper's Riders (1992), a gypsy-born showjumper driven by talent and a quest for vengeance against social elites in the competitive horse-riding world; the novel chronicles rivalries among top riders like during events such as the . Similarly, Alec Ramsay in Walter Farley's (1941) forms an unbreakable bond with a wild Arabian stallion shipwrecked with him, training it to win races through intuitive riding skills that emphasize trust over traditional methods. Fantasy literature frequently depicts dragon riders as heroic figures bonded to massive dragons via magical links, enabling aerial combat and transport. Violet Sorrengail in Rebecca Yarros's (2023) exemplifies this, a physically frail recruit at a brutal who survives trials to claim and ride the powerful dragon Tairn, navigating political intrigue and battles in a realm where rider-dragon pairs determine military supremacy; the book topped bestseller lists with over 1 million copies sold in its first week. Bromsson from Christopher Paolini's (2002), the opening of , discovers a dragon egg hatching into Saphira, riding her to lead a rebellion against the tyrannical Galbatorix using ancient magic and swordsmanship. In video games, rider characters often involve vehicular or mounted traversal in action or racing contexts. Mach Rider serves as the player-controlled protagonist in Nintendo's Mach Rider (1985) for the NES, a lone biker in a dystopian future navigating highways on a customizable motorcycle to battle alien invaders with weapons and speed. The Sonic Riders series (debuting 2006 on GameCube) features anthropomorphic characters like Sonic and rivals from the Babylon Rogues team racing on "Extreme Gear" hoverboards and bikes, blending platforming with competitive riding mechanics across obstacle-filled tracks. Motorcycle-riding protagonists appear in titles like Full Throttle (1995), where Ben, a biker gang leader, rides customized hogs through narrative-driven adventures involving murder mysteries and gang conflicts.

Institutions and products

Educational institutions

, a private institution in Lawrenceville, , traces its origins to the Trenton Business College, established on , 1865, by Henry Bryant, Henry Stratton, and William Whitney to train professionals amid post-Civil War industrialization. The school adopted the Rider name in 1921, reflecting its expansion beyond business education, and relocated from Trenton to its current 280-acre campus in Lawrenceville in 1964 to accommodate growth. In 1991, it incorporated , a specialized music institution founded in 1926, enhancing its offerings in ; the combined entity officially became in 1994. The university comprises four primary academic units: the Norm Brodsky College of Business, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, College of Education and Human Services, and College of Continuing Studies, enrolling approximately 4,200 undergraduates and 900 graduate students as of fall 2023. It emphasizes career-focused programs, particularly in , , and , with hands-on experiences like internships integrated into curricula; for instance, its holds accreditation from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). Rider fields 21 athletic teams as the Broncs, competing in the (MAAC), and has produced notable alumni in and , including executives at major firms. In the 2026 U.S. News & World Report rankings, Rider placed 45th among Regional Universities North and 16th for Best Value Schools, reflecting its affordability with average net prices around $24,000 after aid for first-year students. The institution maintains a student-faculty ratio of 10:1, supporting personalized instruction, though it has faced enrollment declines typical of regional private universities, prompting strategic mergers like Westminster's to sustain viability. No other major educational institutions bearing the "Rider" name operate independently, positioning this university as the singular prominent example.

Software tools

JetBrains Rider is a cross-platform (IDE) designed primarily for .NET development, produced by s.r.o. Released in its first stable version (2017.1) on August 3, 2017, it builds on the IntelliJ platform and incorporates features from JetBrains' ReSharper extension for . Rider supports .NET Framework, .NET Core (now .NET), and Mono-based projects, enabling development of desktop applications, web services, libraries, and game engines such as and . Core functionalities include intelligent , on-the-fly error analysis, automated refactoring, integration, and built-in with support for local and remote sessions. It provides tools for CPU and usage, database management via a SQL editor with and query execution, and integration with and other systems. For game development, Rider offers specialized support for Unity scripting, Blueprint inspection in Unreal, and reflection handling, often preferred over native editors for its performance on non-Windows platforms. Unlike Microsoft , Rider operates natively on Windows, macOS, and without requiring virtualization, though it lacks some Windows-specific integrations like deep Azure tooling. Licensing has evolved; initially subscription-based for commercial use starting at approximately $149 per year, Rider became free for non-commercial purposes—including education, open-source contributions, hobby projects, and —effective October 24, 2024. This change aims to broaden for individual developers and students, with commercial licenses still required for professional or revenue-generating work. No other widely recognized software tools named Rider appear in development contexts, with references predominantly directing to ' product.

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

The Rider (2017) is an American drama written, directed, and produced by . It stars Brady Jandreau, portraying a fictionalized version of himself as a grappling with identity after a head injury that ends his competitive riding career. The employs non-professional actors, including Jandreau's real family members, and draws from his actual experiences, blending documentary-style realism with narrative elements to explore themes of and in rural America. Released on April 13, 2018, by after premiering at festivals in 2017, it grossed $3.8 million worldwide and earned Zhao acclaim, foreshadowing her later Oscar win for . Critics praised its authenticity and cinematography, with a 97% approval rating on based on 189 reviews. Alex Rider is a British action spy thriller television series adapted from Anthony Horowitz's young adult novels, premiering on IMDb TV (now Amazon Freevee) on November 13, 2020. It stars Otto Farrant as the titular 14-year-old protagonist, an orphan recruited by MI6 after his uncle's death reveals a hidden spy legacy, forcing him into covert operations against global threats. Produced by Eleventh Hour Films and ITV Studios, the series spans three seasons totaling 23 episodes, concluding on April 5, 2024, with Season 3 focusing on a terrorist plot. It received mixed reviews for its adaptation fidelity and pacing, holding a 7.5/10 rating on IMDb from over 19,000 users, though some critics noted deviations from the books that diluted tension. The Range Rider was an American Western television series syndicated from April 1951 to June 1953, consisting of 76 black-and-white episodes. Starring as the vigilante Ranger and Dick Jones as his sidekick Dick West, it targeted children and featured adventures combating outlaws in the post-Civil War era, produced by Gene Autry's Flying A Productions. The show emphasized moral lessons alongside action, airing on networks like and contributing to the Western TV boom, though it lacked the longevity of contemporaries like Hopalong Cassidy. Riders (1993) is a British television film directed by , adapting Jilly Cooper's 1991 novel about competitive and interpersonal rivalries among elite equestrians. Starring Marcus Gilbert as socialite and Michael Praed as trainer Jake Lovell, it aired on BBC1 on October 2, 1993, and explores class tensions, infidelity, and ambition in the horse-riding world. With a 5.4/10 rating from 228 users, it was critiqued for melodramatic excess but noted for authentic riding sequences filmed at British venues.

Literature

(1856–1925), whose middle name provided the "Rider" in his pseudonym, authored over 50 adventure novels, many set in and featuring themes of , lost civilizations, and heroism. His breakthrough work, (1885), depicts a quest for legendary diamonds led by , selling over 100,000 copies in its first year and establishing the "" subgenre. Haggard's narratives drew from his colonial experiences in , blending factual ethnography with fiction, though critics noted their romanticized portrayal of . Subsequent successes included She (1887), introducing the ageless sorceress Ayesha and exploring , which has remained in print and influenced . Tim Krabbé's The Rider (1978, original Dutch De Renner), a 148-page , recounts a cyclist's internal during a 150-kilometer amateur road race through the Dutch countryside, emphasizing psychological strain over physical action. Published in English in 2002, it has been hailed for its precise depiction of competitive cycling's mental demands, drawing parallels to endurance sports' philosophical undertones. Krabbé, a former racer, incorporates historical anecdotes and strategic insights, making it a staple in sports literature despite its niche focus. Theodor Storm's The Rider on the White Horse (1888, German Der Schimmelreiter), a novella rooted in North folklore, follows a dyke builder haunted by spectral visions amid marshland floods, merging with elements to critique 19th-century engineering hubris. First serialized in 1888, it exemplifies Storm's "poetic realism" and regionalist style, with the protagonist's symbolizing inexorable fate. Patrick White's Riders in the Chariot (1961), winner of the , allegorically examines Australian society's spiritual voids through four outsiders—each a "rider" in a visionary quartet—pursuing transcendent unity amid persecution. White, who received the in 1973, employed mythic symbolism and biblical allusions, reflecting his critique of suburban conformity and racial tensions. The novel's structure interweaves their biographies, underscoring isolation's redemptive potential.

Music

In the music industry, a rider is a attached to a performance contract that outlines an artist's specific , logistical, and requirements to facilitate a successful . These riders originated as addendums to standard contracts, evolving from basic equipment lists in the mid-20th century to detailed specifications by the as touring scales grew. They serve to minimize miscommunication between performers, venues, and promoters, ensuring equipment compatibility and performer comfort. Technical riders focus on production elements, including input lists that specify , instruments, and requirements for each band member; stage plots diagramming performer positions and cabling; and backline needs such as amplifiers or provided by the venue. For example, a typical technical rider for a four-piece might request 8-12 inputs, two wedges per performer, and specific drum mic configurations to achieve desired . Failure to meet these can result in suboptimal audio, delays, or performance cancellations, as seen in cases where mismatched gear has forced last-minute adjustments. Hospitality riders address non-technical provisions, such as (e.g., vegetarian meals, quantities), dressing room amenities (towels, seating), and accommodations like specifications or transportation. These are often where extravagant requests appear, though most remain practical; for instance, a rider might stipulate 24 bottles of still water and fresh fruit for a band's to sustain energy during shows. High-profile examples include Van Halen's 1982 tour rider, which banned brown M&Ms candies not as a preference but as a contract-compliance test—discovery of brown ones signaled overlooked technical details in their 53-page document. Similarly, Iggy Pop's riders have historically requested items like a raw onion and , reflecting personal rituals rather than necessities. Riders' enforceability varies by contract tier: emerging artists often receive partial fulfillment at small venues, while major acts like Metallica enforce comprehensive , including custom lighting rigs costing thousands. Overly demanding riders can strain budgets—hospitality alone for a mid-level tour might exceed $500 per show—but they protect against substandard conditions that could impair performance quality. Industry standards recommend keeping riders concise (under 10 pages) and realistic to avoid alienating bookers, with digital templates now common for updates.

Legal and contractual uses

Legislative and policy amendments

In legislative procedure, a rider constitutes an additional provision appended to a , typically unrelated to its core subject, enabling the enactment of changes that might fail independent scrutiny. This mechanism circumvents germaneness rules in bodies like the U.S. Congress, where the enforces strict relevance via its Rules Committee, while the permits broader amendments unless limited by or specific orders. Riders proliferate in appropriations legislation, which allocates federal funds and carries urgency due to shutdown risks, allowing attachment of substantive policy directives—such as spending prohibitions or regulatory mandates—without separate debate. Limitation riders, for instance, bar agencies from expending appropriated funds on designated activities, thereby influencing bureaucratic implementation; Congress enacted hundreds annually as of 2015, often targeting executive overreach or favored policies. Policy riders extend beyond restrictions, dictating fund usage or embedding new mandates, as seen in defense bills where lawmakers prioritize pet projects or reforms. Historically, riders trace to 19th-century U.S. practices but surged post-1974 with the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, which formalized appropriations processes yet amplified rider utility for —trading support across unrelated issues. Controversies arise from their opacity and partisan weaponization; opponents label restrictive measures "poison pills," as in fiscal year 2024 House proposals blocking funds for nondiscrimination rules or enforcement, though many were negotiated out in bipartisan compromises to avert lapses. Both parties deploy them—Democrats for environmental riders, Republicans for —yet single-subject rule advocates argue they undermine deliberation, prompting occasional reform pushes like the 1990s Act, struck down by the in 1998 for violating . In policy amendments beyond appropriations, riders facilitate incremental changes, such as FY2025 proposals tying agency work environment plans to funding deadlines or agricultural bills embedding studies, reflecting congressional leverage over executive discretion amid . Empirical analysis indicates riders enhance majority control but risk entrenching narrow interests, with veto threats—averaging dozens per —serving as presidential counters, as during the when anti-regulatory riders prompted multiple showdowns.

Performance and tour demands

In the context of performance contracts, a rider serves as a supplementary attachment that specifies additional terms beyond the main agreement, particularly detailing the performer's requirements for staging a successful . These provisions typically encompass specifications, such as sound and lighting equipment, stage dimensions, and needs, as well as elements like , accommodations, and backstage amenities, ensuring the performer's ability to deliver under optimal conditions. For touring artists, especially in the music industry, riders address the logistical challenges of frequent venue changes, mandating items like specific types, monitor mixes, or transportation logistics to maintain consistency across shows. Hospitality riders often include food and beverage requests tailored to dietary preferences or allergies, such as vegan meals or particular brands of , with quantities scaled to size—e.g., provisions for 20-50 personnel on major arena tours. Failure to meet these demands can result in contract breaches, potentially leading to performance cancellations or financial penalties, as riders form enforceable addenda to the primary booking agreement. Notable historical examples illustrate riders' role in enforcing attention to detail; during their 1982 tour, stipulated the removal of brown from catering bowls as a non-negotiable , not for preference but as a to verify whether venues had thoroughly reviewed the full technical rider, which included weight-bearing stage specifications critical for pyrotechnics safety. Similarly, AC/DC's riders from the onward required live in dressing rooms to combat from arena environments, reflecting practical psychological needs amid grueling schedules of 100+ shows per year. While extravagant requests, such as custom furniture or pets, have drawn media scrutiny, most provisions prioritize functionality over excess, with promoters negotiating to balance costs—averaging $5,000-20,000 per show for high-profile acts—against revenue from ticket sales exceeding millions. Legal disputes over riders underscore their binding nature; in a 2019 case involving a mid-tier , a venue's omission of required controls for instruments led to and a successful claim under the contract's and performance clauses. Riders evolve with technology, incorporating demands for high-speed internet for digital soundchecks or LED wall calibrations in modern tours, as seen in riders from acts like in 2008, which emphasized ergonomic setups to mitigate fatigue from 150-date world tours. Venues and agents review riders pre-booking to mitigate risks, often capping non-essential items to prevent budgetary overruns that could exceed 10% of gross event revenue.

Insurance provisions

An insurance rider, also known as an , is a contractual attached to a base that modifies its terms, adds or excludes specific coverages, or provides supplementary benefits, typically in exchange for an additional . These provisions enable policyholders to customize coverage to address unique risks or needs not fully addressed in standard policies, such as enhanced protections for particular events or beneficiaries. Riders become integral to the policy upon issuance or renewal, forming part of the enforceable under state regulations, which require clear of terms and any associated costs. In , common riders include the waiver of premium rider, which suspends premium payments if the insured becomes totally , typically after a 6-month waiting period and subject to proof of ; the accelerated rider, allowing early access to a portion of the (often 50-100% up to policy limits) for or chronic conditions without reducing the payout proportionally; and accidental and (AD&D) riders, which provide extra benefits—such as double or triple the base amount—for deaths or injuries resulting from covered accidents like crashes or falls. Critical illness riders offer lump-sum payments upon of specified conditions, such as cancer or heart attack, while guaranteed insurability riders permit increasing coverage without medical at certain life stages, like or . These additions often increase premiums by 5-20% depending on the insured's age, health, and rider scope, with costs calculated actuarially based on projected claim probabilities. For property and , riders address gaps in standard policies; examples include or endorsements for homeowners , which cover perils excluded from base contracts and may require separate due to high-risk nature, or scheduled riders that extend coverage limits for high-value items like jewelry or , often up to $10,000-50,000 per item with appraisals required. Auto policies might feature rental reimbursement riders reimbursing daily costs (e.g., $30-50 per day up to $900-1,500 total) during covered repairs. Legally, riders must comply with state-specific mandates, such as those from the model laws, ensuring they do not render the policy illusory or violate public policy; for instance, exclusions in riders cannot discriminate based on protected characteristics under laws like the for health-related policies. Insurers are obligated to provide riders in policy documents, and failure to honor them can lead to claims denial appeals or regulatory penalties. Riders carry limitations, including non-renewability in term policies unless specified, potential rights where the insurer seeks recovery from third parties, and taxation implications—such as accelerated benefits being treated as tax-free if qualifying under IRS 101(g) for but potentially taxable otherwise. Policyholders should review riders for coordination with base exclusions to avoid overlaps or gaps, as courts interpret ambiguous terms against the insurer under doctrine in contract disputes. Overall, while riders enhance flexibility, their efficacy depends on accurate and insurer , with data from the Insurance Information Institute indicating that rider claims comprise about 10-15% of life policy payouts annually.

Transportation and technology

Aircraft

In aviation insurance, a rider functions as an endorsement or amendment that alters the scope of the primary policy, adding, excluding, or modifying coverage for specific -related risks. For example, hull insurance policies for owners may include riders to cover additional perils such as or beyond standard exclusions, with premiums adjusted based on the 's value and usage—typically ranging from 1-3% of the insured hull value annually for planes. Liability riders extend protection against third-party claims arising from passenger injuries or during flight operations, often requiring detailed pilot qualifications and flight logs to mitigate risks. Life insurance policies for pilots frequently incorporate an aviation exclusion rider, which voids or limits death benefits if the insured perishes in an accident, reflecting actuarial data showing elevated mortality risks—pilots face approximately 10 times the general population's aviation-related fatality rate per flight hour. This rider can increase premiums by 50-200% or more compared to standard policies without aviation exposure, depending on flight frequency and type; for instance, private pilots logging under 100 hours annually may secure rated policies rather than full exclusions through specialist underwriters. In aircraft leasing agreements, riders serve as supplemental clauses addressing bespoke terms not covered in the base , such as provisions that obligate the lessee to reimburse the lessor for adverse consequences from jurisdictional changes or operational variances. lease arrangements under FAA Part 91 guidelines may append riders specifying responsibilities, for regulatory fines, or subleasing permissions, ensuring compliance with that treat leases as compensation-based transfers of . These riders mitigate disputes by clarifying allocation, particularly for high-value jets where lease values exceed $1 million monthly, and are enforceable under standard commercial precedents.

Other mechanical applications

In paper processing and winding machinery, rider rolls—also termed pressure rolls—apply controlled downward force to forming reels between carrier drums, ensuring uniform web density and preventing defects like telescoping or soft centers in materials such as , newsprint, and nonwovens. These segmented or continuous rolls, often constructed from lightweight aluminum shells with or foam coverings, operate at speeds exceeding 2800 meters per minute in high-speed rewinders. Precision control systems integrate load cells directly into the rider roll assembly to measure nip force and position in , allowing automated adjustments that maintain consistent pressure across varying reel diameters and tensions in slitters and winders. This enhances and by minimizing web breaks and uneven winding, with hardness ratings like 37 Shore A for foam variants suited to continuous temperatures up to 70°C. In corrugating machines, rider rolls align horizontally with glue applicators to reduce splash and precisely meter volumes onto medium webs, supporting production rates typical of heavy-duty board manufacturing. Similarly, in presses such as models, rider rollers maintain film thickness and feed by riding against cylinders, with components like part number 43.431.170S designed for seamless and minimal . These applications underscore the rider's role in sustaining contact and load across dynamic surfaces, distinct from static guides or followers in linear systems.

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    ### Rider University Summary
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