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Sally Jewell

Sarah Margaret Jewell (born February 21, 1956) is a British-born business executive and former government official who served as the 51st Secretary of the Interior from April 2013 to January 2017. Prior to her appointment by President , Jewell held no prior federal government experience, marking a distinctive transition from the private sector to leading the Department of the Interior, an agency overseeing more than 70,000 employees and managing 500 million acres of public lands. She earned a in from the and began her career as a petroleum engineer with Oil Corporation before spending 19 years in commercial banking focused on sectors. From 2005 to 2013, Jewell served as president and of Recreational Equipment, Inc. (), expanding the outdoor retailer's annual revenue from approximately $800 million to over $2 billion through emphasis on cooperative values and outdoor engagement. During her tenure as Secretary, Jewell prioritized science-driven policies for , collaborative approaches to , sustainable water investments in , and enhanced partnerships with Native American tribes, while also advancing production and youth involvement in public lands activities. Post-government, she has held roles including interim CEO of and distinguished fellow at the University of Washington's College of the Environment, continuing advocacy for and .

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Family Background

Sarah Margaret "Sally" Roffey was born on February 21, 1956, in , , to Peter Roffey, a young doctor specializing in , and Anne Roffey, a former . Her older sister was born approximately 13 months earlier, establishing a close sibling bond from infancy. The family spent Jewell's first three years dividing time between and , where her father's medical training progressed, before relocating permanently. In 1959, when Jewell was three years old, the family immigrated to the United States, settling in the Seattle area of Washington state, prompted by Peter Roffey's acceptance of a fellowship in anesthesiology at the University of Washington. This move provided a stable middle-class foundation, with her father's professional career supporting the household while her mother focused on family after her prior nursing role. The transition from urban England to the Pacific Northwest introduced Jewell to a new environment characterized by natural landscapes, contrasting with her early British experiences. Growing up in Washington, Jewell developed an early practical engagement with the outdoors through family camping trips and sailing on Puget Sound, activities that emphasized direct interaction with the region's forests, waters, and mountains rather than abstract environmental doctrines. These experiences in the 1960s and early 1970s fostered a grounded appreciation for natural resources, shaped by the area's abundant public lands and recreational opportunities available to middle-class families.

Academic and Early Professional Training

Sally Jewell earned a bachelor's degree in from the in 1978. Her studies emphasized practical engineering applications, including an internship with focused on components for the Alaska Pipeline. Following graduation, Jewell began her professional career as a petroleum engineer with Mobil Oil Corporation, conducting fieldwork in the oil and gas fields of and supporting exploration and production operations. This role, spanning the late 1970s into the early 1980s, provided hands-on experience in resource extraction technologies and energy sector logistics. In 1981, Jewell transitioned to the banking sector, joining Rainier Bank in a specialized role leveraging her expertise for of projects, often described as serving as a "petroleum engineer" in commercial lending. She remained in banking after Security Pacific acquired Rainier Bank in 1987, continuing to apply problem-solving skills from her technical background to evaluate and finance resource-related ventures until departing in 1992.

Pre-Government Professional Career

Engineering and Financial Roles

Jewell began her professional career as a petroleum engineer at Oil Corporation, joining the company in 1978 shortly after graduating with a chemical engineering degree from the . She worked in field production roles in the oil and gas fields of , focusing on operational efficiencies in extraction and production processes, before transitioning to exploration and production operations in , . This hands-on experience provided direct exposure to the technical challenges of dynamics, including optimizing recovery rates amid volatile global prices following the and oil crises. During Jewell's tenure at from to 1981, the faced acute energy dependence, with net oil imports reaching approximately 8.1 million barrels per day in and accounting for nearly half of domestic consumption by 1979. Private sector efforts, such as those by major oil companies like , emphasized technological improvements in and to bolster domestic supply security, as policies alone proved insufficient to offset import vulnerabilities exposed by actions. In 1981, Jewell shifted to commercial banking, spending the next 19 years in progressively senior roles at institutions including Rainier Bank (later acquired by ), West One Bank, and , with a specialization in sector lending. Her work involved evaluating loans for resource extraction and development projects, assessing economic viability based on market signals like prices and technological feasibility rather than regulatory mandates. This analytical role highlighted incentives for balanced resource development driven by private capital allocation, where underinvestment risks stemmed from overreliance on government interventions amid the and subsequent price recovery.

Rise to Leadership at REI

Sally Jewell joined the of Recreational Equipment, Inc. () in 1996, following nearly two decades in commercial banking. In 2000, she transitioned from the board to serve as the company's , overseeing operations during a period of strategic realignment toward expanded retail and online channels. This internal promotion positioned her to address operational efficiencies in 's consumer co-op model, where member-owners receive annual patronage dividends based on purchases, tying financial performance directly to customer loyalty and sales volume. Jewell ascended to president and CEO in March 2005, succeeding Madsen amid REI's push for domestic market dominance in outdoor gear retail. Under her through 2013, REI's annual sales rose from approximately $1 billion in 2005 to nearly $2 billion by the end of her tenure, driven by adding over 70 stores nationwide and enhancing integration, which captured growing consumer demand for specialized equipment without relying on regulatory incentives. This expansion more than doubled the store count while maintaining the co-op's debt-free status and increasing member refunds, reflecting disciplined cost management and profit-oriented decisions in a competitive sector. Her strategies prioritized market responsiveness over prescriptive ideals, focusing on aligning product offerings with verifiable customer preferences for durable, high-performance gear that supported recreational activities. Sustainable sourcing and supply chain practices were integrated where they demonstrably reduced costs or met buyer expectations, contributing to operational resilience rather than serving as standalone mandates; for instance, REI's vendor audits emphasized efficiency metrics alongside material longevity to sustain profit margins. This approach yielded consistent operating profits, with REI refunding tens of millions annually to members, underscoring the viability of the co-op structure through revenue growth exceeding 90% during her eight-year term.

Conservation Advocacy and Civic Roles

In 1991, Jewell became a founding board member of the Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust, a dedicated to conserving approximately 1.5 million acres of forests, watersheds, and habitats along the Interstate 90 corridor from to the Cascade Mountains through targeted public-private partnerships. These collaborations involved federal, state, and local agencies alongside businesses and philanthropists to secure land easements, restore ecosystems, and develop over 100 miles of multi-use trails, yielding measurable outcomes such as enhanced in riparian zones and annual economic contributions exceeding $1 billion from recreation-based in the region. Jewell served on the board for 22 years, including as past president, prioritizing practical land stewardship that balanced ecological integrity with community access and regional economic vitality over broader ideological environmental agendas. Prior to her federal appointment, Jewell held board positions with the National Parks Conservation Association, World Wildlife Fund, and , where her involvement centered on initiatives promoting habitat protection and species recovery through data-driven strategies and coalitions rather than regulatory overreach. These roles underscored her emphasis on voluntary conservation measures, such as funding for park infrastructure maintenance and establishment, which demonstrably supported local employment in outdoor industries while preserving natural assets for public use. Her civic engagements earned recognition for fostering pragmatic outcomes, including trail network expansions that facilitated millions of annual visitor-days and bolstered adjacent economies through sustainable recreation.

Tenure as U.S. Secretary of the Interior

Nomination, Confirmation, and Initial Priorities

President Barack Obama nominated Sally Jewell, then-president and CEO of Recreational Equipment, Inc. (REI), as the 51st Secretary of the Interior on February 6, 2013, to succeed Ken Salazar. Jewell's selection highlighted her engineering background in the petroleum industry at Mobil and her leadership in the outdoor retail sector, positioning her as a pragmatic figure capable of bridging conservation and resource development interests. The U.S. on and Natural Resources advanced her following hearings on March 7, 2013, where Jewell emphasized a commitment to the administration's "all-of-the-above" energy strategy, integrating renewable and development with . Full confirmation occurred on April 10, 2013, by a vote of 87-11, reflecting broad bipartisan support, including from senators in energy-producing states who cited her private-sector experience in oil and gas as evidence of her realism on extraction economics. Jewell was sworn in on , 2013, and in her early days, she prioritized operational continuity while signaling a data-driven approach to managing , drawing on her expertise to advocate for balanced resource policies that avoided ideological extremes. Her initial directives focused on enhancing in permitting and leasing processes to ensure and , setting the stage for reforms aimed at verifiable, evidence-based administration rather than regulatory overreach or undue favoritism.

Key Environmental and Conservation Policies

During her tenure as Secretary of the Interior from April 2013 to January 2017, Sally Jewell emphasized conservation efforts through executive designations of protected lands, youth outreach programs, and integrated management frameworks aimed at balancing ecological preservation with broader land-use objectives. These policies relied heavily on the , which empowers the president to unilaterally establish national monuments, circumventing congressional processes that might incorporate local economic or stakeholder input. Jewell oversaw the designation of 18 new national monuments, protecting millions of acres of federal land from development, including the in (1.35 million acres, proclaimed December 28, 2016) and Gold Butte National Monument in (296,937 acres, same date), which preserved landscapes featuring ancient , archaeological sites, and biological diversity while allowing continued ranching and military activities. Other examples include expansions to the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (48,000 acres added January 12, 2017) and Mojave Trails National Monument (1.54 million acres, February 12, 2016), contributing to a cumulative increase in protected acreage exceeding 5 million under these actions. While these designations advanced short-term safeguards based on biological inventories, their reliance on executive authority limited empirical evaluation of long-term ecological outcomes versus potential opportunity costs for resource extraction, as subsequent reviews under later administrations highlighted vulnerabilities to reversal without legislative permanence. The "All Lands, All Hands" initiative, articulated in Jewell's vision statement, sought to foster involvement in public lands stewardship through cross-agency partnerships, targeting engagement of 50 million young people by 2020 via educational programs, volunteer opportunities, and access expansions like the Every Kid in a Park pass offering free entry for fourth-graders. Implementation involved collaborations with nonprofits and federal entities to promote activities on federal, state, and private lands, emphasizing an "all-lands" approach to prevention and . However, verifiable participation metrics remained limited, with anecdotal reports of increased visits but no comprehensive data demonstrating sustained behavioral changes or causal links to improved practices among participants. In May 2015, Jewell advanced landscape-scale mitigation strategies as part of the Integrated Fire Management Strategy, which integrated , suppression, and restoration across vast ecosystems like habitats, prioritizing avoidance and minimization of development impacts before compensation measures. This framework, informed by ecological modeling and fire history data, aimed to address affecting species such as , covering over 600,000 square miles of western U.S. lands. Empirical assessments post-implementation showed reductions in fire severity in targeted areas through invasive grass control, though broader causal impacts on recovery were constrained by ongoing climate variability and incomplete private-land adoption.

Energy and Natural Resource Management Decisions

During her tenure as Secretary of the Interior from 2013 to 2017, Sally Jewell initiated a comprehensive review of the federal leasing program on January 15, 2016, directing the (BLM) to assess whether the program adequately ensured fair returns to taxpayers, accounted for environmental externalities like impacts, and aligned with market conditions amid declining global demand. This review effectively paused approvals for new leases pending its completion, imposing a moratorium that halted expansion of federal production despite existing leases continuing operations; the policy reflected a prioritization of long-term environmental considerations over short-term extraction, even as 's share of U.S. fell from 39% in 2013 to 30% by 2017 due to cheaper and renewables. Jewell supported hydraulic fracturing () as an engineering-feasible method to boost domestic , advocating -based regulations rather than outright bans, which she described as the "wrong way to go" in a 2015 statement, emphasizing the need for updated standards to protect while enabling output growth. On March 20, 2015, the of the Interior finalized rules requiring disclosure of chemicals, well integrity tests, and management on and tribal lands, modernizing regulations over 30 years old to mitigate risks without prohibiting the practice. These measures coincided with a surge in overall U.S. oil and , which rose from 25.6 quadrillion Btu in to 33.8 quadrillion Btu by 2016, driven primarily by on private lands, though onshore declined by about 10% during the same period as leasing reforms emphasized and environmental reviews over volume expansion. In parallel, Jewell oversaw oil and gas leasing reforms aimed at enhancing transparency, such as improved of lease sales and competitive processes, as outlined in proposals and programmatic updates that sought to revenue generation with reduced speculation and . However, federal lands' share of total U.S. oil production remained static at around 11-12% and natural gas at 13-14% through her tenure, as private-sector innovations outpaced federal approvals constrained by heightened scrutiny for and impacts, underscoring trade-offs where regulatory caution preserved resources for potential future use but ceded ground to non-federal development amid rising needs.

Tribal Affairs and Land Designation Initiatives

During her tenure as Secretary of the Interior, Sally Jewell prioritized tribal consultation in land designations, notably supporting the proclamation on December 28, 2016, which encompassed 1.35 million acres in southeastern at the request of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition comprising the , Hopi Tribe, Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, , and Zuni Tribe. The designation incorporated co-management provisions allowing the coalition advisory input on monument planning and traditional uses, aiming to balance cultural preservation with tribal sovereignty over ancestral lands sacred for archaeological sites, ceremonial practices, and resource gathering. However, the executive authority under the enabled President Trump to reduce the monument by 85% in 2017 via proclamation, exposing the limits of such co-management arrangements where federal discretion overrides negotiated tribal roles, as subsequent litigation has prolonged uncertainties for tribal access and decision-making. Jewell advanced tribal energy development under the Indian Energy Policy framework, approving the second utility-scale solar project on American Indian trust land in 2016 and distributing $3.2 million in grants to 21 tribal energy and mineral projects in 2014 to foster through revenue-generating ventures like renewables and fossil fuels on reservations. These initiatives facilitated economic opportunities, such as job creation and , but encountered bureaucratic delays inherent in federal trust oversight, where tribal proposals required extensive environmental reviews and approvals, often extending timelines beyond initial goals. In October 2016, she issued Secretarial Order 3344 encouraging greater tribal involvement in managing with Native American connections, promoting co-stewardship models to reduce federal control while preserving sovereignty, though implementation varied by site-specific agreements. On trust land acquisitions and water rights, Jewell's administration executed settlements quantifying tribal claims, including a February 2015 agreement with the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes securing $60 million for water infrastructure on the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, and a September 2014 $554 million Navajo Nation trust mismanagement resolution. By January 2017, four additional settlements were enacted, contributing to $3 billion in total authorized funding for Indian water rights under Obama, enabling trust land enhancements for irrigation and economic viability but highlighting persistent federal trusteeship that can impede rapid tribal-led acquisitions due to protracted negotiations and congressional appropriations. These efforts underscored tensions between advancing self-determination via resolved claims and the causal delays from bureaucratic processes, where federal validation often preconditions tribal control over resources.

Criticisms, Controversies, and Economic Impacts

Jewell's oversight of the federal coal leasing program's comprehensive review, initiated in March 2015, and the subsequent moratorium on new thermal leases imposed in January 2016, faced criticism from industry representatives and senators, who contended that these measures accelerated the sector's contraction by restricting access to comprising about 10% of U.S. production, thereby prioritizing projections over the livelihoods of communities. During her tenure from 2013 to 2017, U.S. employment declined by approximately 25,000 jobs, from around 80,000 in 2013 to 55,000 by 2017, with critics linking federal restrictions—amid broader market shifts toward cheaper —to heightened economic distress in states like and , where coal-dependent counties experienced reduced tax revenues and population outflows. The 2016 designation of the 1.35 million-acre in , recommended under Jewell's Department of the Interior, provoked legal challenges from the state and County, which argued in federal court that the proclamation under the exceeded presidential authority by curtailing local land-use decisions on grazing, mineral extraction, and recreation, thereby infringing on and sidelining input from non-tribal stakeholders in . officials highlighted potential economic losses from restricted development, estimating millions in foregone revenue from energy and agriculture activities, fueling broader conservative critiques of federal overreach that diminished state sovereignty over public lands. Bureau of Land Management fracking regulations finalized in March 2015, which mandated chemical disclosure, well integrity tests, and wastewater management on , elicited bipartisan opposition and lawsuits from energy-producing states like , where producers and governors asserted the rules added compliance costs exceeding $1 billion annually without commensurate environmental gains, creating regulatory hurdles that slowed permitting and contributed to deferred investments in domestic production. Detractors, including some moderate Democrats from extraction-heavy districts, pointed to empirical data showing U.S. reliance on imported persisted despite technological advances in , attributing inconsistencies—such as overlapping state-federal oversight—to undermined goals of and job growth in the sector, which employed over 400,000 by 2015 but faced volatility from such mandates. These initiatives, while defended by Jewell as balancing with , were faulted by industry analyses for amplifying economic dislocations in regions, with output from federal leases dropping 30% during her term and legal battles over land designations incurring taxpayer costs in the millions, underscoring tensions between national environmental mandates and localized economic imperatives.

Post-Secretary Career and Activities

Nonprofit Leadership and Board Positions

Following her tenure as U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Sally Jewell assumed the role of interim at (TNC) on September 3, 2019, serving until May 2020 amid an organizational crisis involving harassment allegations and leadership turnover that had prompted the resignation of the previous CEO. In this capacity, Jewell focused on stabilizing governance and restoring donor confidence in the nonprofit's $1 billion annual budget, drawing on her corporate experience to emphasize operational accountability while navigating tensions between immediate performance metrics demanded by funders and sustained, multi-decade efforts. Her interim leadership helped facilitate a smooth transition to a permanent CEO, though internal debates persisted over balancing quantifiable outcomes—such as acres protected—with broader strategic investments in policy and science amid fluctuating philanthropic priorities. Jewell currently serves as Global Board Treasurer for TNC, a position she has held since concluding her interim CEO role, overseeing financial strategy for the organization's international conservation initiatives across more than 70 countries. This ongoing involvement underscores her advocacy for integrating business discipline into nonprofit environmental funding, including rigorous budgeting to ensure fiscal transparency and measurable impacts on preservation despite donor expectations for rapid results. At the , Jewell chairs the Advisory Council for EarthLab, an initiative launched in 2018 to bridge academic research with actionable solutions for and environmental challenges, where she has guided the assembly of external advisors to prioritize interdisciplinary, evidence-based projects over siloed academic pursuits. She also holds positions as a regent, distinguished fellow, and the Edward V. Fritzky Endowed Chair in Leadership at the Foster School of Business (appointed in 2021), roles that involve shaping governance on and while promoting mechanisms akin to corporate oversight in nonprofit and contexts. These affiliations have influenced discussions on funding efficacy, favoring data-driven evaluations of conservation returns amid pressures to demonstrate short-term gains in long-term ecological strategies.

Public Speaking, Advisory Roles, and Ongoing Advocacy

Jewell has engaged in numerous public speaking events emphasizing the interplay between , business , and practical governance. On June 3, 2025, she joined a Alumni Chat at the , where she discussed her career trajectory from to , highlighting collaborative approaches to . In February 2025, she keynoted a Puget Sound Business Journal event, sharing insights from her tenure on balancing with priorities. Later that month, on February 9, she addressed the Partnership for on essential traits for effective , underscoring adaptability and over ideological rigidity. In advisory capacities, Jewell has provided input on and public lands issues through forums like , where she analyzed federal oil and gas leasing reforms alongside broader objectives, advocating for measured adjustments informed by economic realities rather than sweeping mandates. As chair of the University of Washington's EarthLab Advisory Council, she guides efforts on evidence-driven strategies, prioritizing adaptive measures to real-world environmental challenges over alarmist projections. Her ongoing advocacy includes fostering youth involvement in conservation, extending from initiatives like the 2016 CoalitionWILD partnership she championed as Interior Secretary, which formalized mentorship for emerging leaders in wilderness protection; post-tenure, she has tracked program impacts to promote pragmatic, outcome-oriented training in natural resource stewardship. In October 2025, at Elon University, she spoke on humanity-centered business practices in the context of policy-business intersections, critiquing extreme positions in favor of data-backed adaptation strategies for public lands resilience.

Personal Life

Family and Relationships

Sally Jewell is married to Warren Jewell, an engineer she met while both attended the University of Washington. The couple has two grown children: a son, Peter, who works as a pediatric intensive-care nurse, and a daughter, Anne, who serves as a revenue agent for the federal government. Both children reside in the Seattle area, where the family has long been based. Early in their careers, Jewell and her husband relocated from Seattle to Oklahoma to take positions with Mobil Oil in the oil and gas fields, but they soon returned to the Pacific Northwest, citing a strong desire to resume life in the Seattle region. This move and return underscored the couple's preference for the outdoor-oriented lifestyle available in Washington state, which influenced their family decisions prior to Jewell's higher-profile roles. No public records indicate significant family controversies or disruptions during her professional tenure.

Personal Interests and Philosophical Outlook

Sally Jewell maintains a strong affinity for , engaging in activities such as , , , and throughout her life. She has summited seven times and climbed , reflecting a personal commitment to experiencing natural landscapes directly rather than through advocacy alone. These pursuits, rooted in her upbringing, emphasize exploration and physical engagement with environments, informed by an appreciation for their practical accessibility and resource-dependent maintenance. Jewell's philosophical outlook draws from her mechanical engineering degree from the and early professional experience as a petroleum engineer at Mobil Oil Corporation, where she worked in oil and gas fields in and . This background cultivates a pragmatic, problem-solving , prioritizing evidence-based solutions and feasibility over ideological prescriptions in . She has advocated for a "balanced" strategy that leverages proven domestic sources alongside , acknowledging the economic realities of production without dismissing transitional innovations outright. In post-tenure reflections, Jewell has stressed the value of and cross-partisan to navigate environmental challenges, as articulated in a discussion on policy and . This approach aligns with her engineering-influenced realism, favoring grounded in shared data and outcomes over partisan posturing, though such forums have occasionally highlighted tensions between goals and their fiscal implications.

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