Secret Messages
Secret Messages is the tenth studio album by the British rock band Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), released in June 1983 by Jet Records.[1] Produced entirely by principal songwriter Jeff Lynne, the record features his multi-instrumental contributions alongside band members including drummer Bev Bevan and bassist Kelly Groucutt, marking Groucutt's final ELO album until a 2001 reunion.[2] Originally planned as a double album encompassing 27 tracks, it was truncated to a single disc of 15 songs due to constraints imposed by the label's distributor, CBS Records.[3] The album's thematic focus on concealed communications is embodied in its title track, which incorporates backmasked phrases and overt messages critiquing accusations of subliminal satanism leveled at ELO's prior work, such as the 1975 track "Fire on High."[2] Commercially, Secret Messages peaked at number 4 on the UK Albums Chart and number 36 on the US Billboard 200, supported by singles including "Rock 'n' Roll Is King," which reached number 13 in the UK.[4][5] Despite critical mixed reception for its ornate production amid the era's synth-pop shift, the album underscored ELO's orchestral pop style before lineup changes and Lynne's pivot toward solo projects.[1]
Development
Original Concept and Intentions
The album Secret Messages originated as Jeff Lynne's satirical response to persistent claims by fundamentalist Christian groups in the United States that rock records, including prior ELO releases such as Face the Music (1975), contained subliminal Satanic messages via backmasking—audio played in reverse to reveal hidden phrases.[6] These accusations, which dated back to the 1970s and targeted bands like Led Zeppelin and The Beatles, prompted Lynne to incorporate deliberate, innocuous "secret messages" throughout the album, including reversed vocals, Morse code, and embedded phrases, as a humorous rebuttal rather than endorsement of the conspiracy theories.[7] Lynne viewed such elements as playful experimentation, later stating that "backwards messages can be fun," drawing from his admiration for innovative recording techniques in Beatles albums.[6] Lynne initially envisioned Secret Messages as a double album comprising 18 tracks, blending new studio recordings with experimental sounds like jazz influences, new wave, and electronica, to fulfill ELO's remaining contractual obligations to Jet Records while signaling a potential end to the band's original lineup era.[7] All tracks were completed by early 1983, but Jet's distributor, CBS Records, rejected the format citing prohibitive production costs for a double vinyl LP amid declining sales for elaborate rock packages.[8] This forced Lynne to condense it to a single disc, excising songs such as "Hello My Old Friend" and "Endless Lies," which were later released on compilations.[7] The resulting album retained the core theme of concealed communications, with overt examples like Morse code spelling "This is Yerffej Ennyl [Lynne spelled backwards] calling you from planet Earth" in the title track, underscoring Lynne's intent to engage listeners in decoding rather than promoting occultism.[6] The concept also reflected Lynne's ambivalence toward continuing ELO, as he sought to innovate beyond the band's orchestral rock formula while addressing external pressures from moral panics over music's influence.[7] By embedding silly, self-aware hidden content—such as whispers of "secret" and "welcome to the show" in reverse—Lynne aimed to deflate the hysteria, prioritizing artistic mischief over commercial conformity, though the truncated release somewhat diluted the ambitious scope.[6]Recording and Production Challenges
The production of Secret Messages encountered primary obstacles related to financial pressures from Jet Records, as ELO's commercial momentum had waned following the 1980 Xanadu soundtrack success. Originally planned as a double album with 18 fully recorded tracks, the project was reduced to a single LP late in the process to control costs amid the label's concerns over potential sales.[9][10] This truncation included the exclusion of tracks like "Beatles Forever," a song laden with Beatles homages that risked legal issues over similarities to the original Fab Four material, further complicating sequencing decisions.[10] Jeff Lynne, handling production duties solo, relied on multilayered overdubs to replicate orchestral textures without live ensembles, a technique that strained studio resources and timelines but aligned with his established method of achieving dense, self-contained arrangements.[11] Internal band dynamics exacerbated these issues, with bassist Kelly Groucutt departing post-release amid royalty payment disputes, effectively halting any tour plans and marking the end of ELO's classic lineup era.[12] The sessions, conducted primarily at Munich's Musicland Studios, reflected Lynne's perfectionist tendencies, yet the enforced edits disrupted the intended conceptual flow, contributing to perceptions of an uneven final product.[7]Content and Innovation
Musical Style and Composition
Secret Messages blends pop rock with synth-pop elements, incorporating orchestral flourishes via synthesizers and strings, while diverging into bluesy, jazzy, and rock 'n' roll influences across its tracks.[13][14] This reflects Electric Light Orchestra's evolution in the early 1980s, emphasizing Jeff Lynne's polished production over the fuller live orchestra of prior albums like Out of the Blue, opting instead for a more electric, synth-driven sound.[15] All compositions were penned by Lynne, who multi-tracked vocals and instruments to create dense, layered arrangements characteristic of his Beatles-inspired approach, originally intending an 18-track double album before budget constraints reduced it to 10 core tracks for the LP release on June 5, 1983.[9] Lynne's techniques included far-miking drums for expansive room ambiance, heavy dynamic compression, and integration of acoustic guitars within a "wall of sound" aesthetic, fostering the album's energetic yet moody pop craftsmanship.[16] Instrumentation highlights synthesizers like the Oberheim OB-Xa as the primary synth voice, paired with piano, guitar, bass, and percussion handled largely by Lynne, alongside contributions from Richard Tandy on keyboards and harmonica, Kelly Groucutt on bass, Bev Bevan on drums, and Mik Kaminski on violin, with Louis Clark directing strings.[17][18] Production at Wisselord Studios in Hilversum, Netherlands, emphasized contemporary 1980s synth textures over traditional orchestration, yielding a runtime of 42:47 for the original LP.[1] Track styles vary markedly, with the opener "Secret Messages" delivering a driving, fast-paced synth-pop opener infused with orchestral swells and electronic pop nuances; "Loser Gone Wild" introduces bluesy-jazzy grooves and drum machine-like percussion for tonal contrast; while "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" channels straightforward rock 'n' roll energy with classic ELO trademarks.[19][20] This eclecticism, including soulful ballads and funky instrumentals like "Train of Gold," underscores Lynne's skill in weaving diverse moods into cohesive pop rock structures.[19][20]Backmasked Messages and Associated Controversy
Backmasking, the technique of recording audio that reveals intelligible messages when played in reverse, features prominently throughout Secret Messages, released on June 10, 1983. Electric Light Orchestra leader Jeff Lynne incorporated numerous intentional backwards messages as a satirical response to 1970s and early 1980s accusations that rock music, including prior ELO tracks like "Fire on High" from 1975's Face the Music, contained subliminal Satanic content. In "Fire on High," a forward-played gibberish segment reverses to "The music is reversible, but time is not. Turn back! Turn back! Turn back!", which critics misinterpreted as demonic influence despite its explicit dismissal of reverse playback's significance.[6][21] Lynne's approach in Secret Messages emphasized playful, non-occult Easter eggs rather than malice, mocking the "Satanic panic" era's claims—often driven by religious groups alleging subconscious manipulation—by making hidden audio overt and whimsical. Scientific skepticism toward backmasking's psychological effects, including studies showing no reliable subliminal persuasion from reversed speech, underscores the accusations' basis in auditory pareidolia over evidence. The UK vinyl edition bore a sticker proclaiming "Warning! Contains secret backwards messages!", absent from the US release to sidestep further backlash from conservative audiences amid broader cultural debates, including proposed legislation against undeclared backmasking.[6][7] Specific examples abound across tracks, verified through reverse playback analysis:- In the title track "Secret Messages," whispers of "secret" repeat forward and backward in the intro, followed by "welcome to the show" reversed, with additional "and again" echoes.[6]
- "Time After Time" includes "listen to the music" backward in the intro, a reversed count of "Hep! Two! Three! Four!" in the bridge, and distorted, sped-up "time after time" near the end, plus Lynne and vocalist Sandi singing the phrase backward in the final chorus.[6]
- "Stranger" features "you're playing me backwards" sped up and reversed in the intro.[6]
- "Danger Ahead" has "plant a tree" distorted and backward in the left channel intro, alongside a reversed chorus rendition.[6]
- "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" contains "thank you for listening" backward in the quiet intro and "secret messages" whispered backward during the guitar fade-out.[6]
- "Hello My Old Friend" reverses to "backwards messages can be fun/funny" before the breakdown, accompanied by a children's choir rendering "Frère Jacques" forward and repeated.[6]
Artwork and Packaging
Cover Design and Symbolism
The cover artwork consists of a hand-tinted photographic collage featuring elements from obscure classical paintings, arranged as if displayed in an ornate gold frame. Designed by David Costa of Jubilee Graphics (later Wherefore Art), the composition was photographed by Hag, with tinting by Kim Harris.[23] The base image was captured on 6 September 1976 at Royal Street, Rochdale, United Kingdom; the black-and-white collage assembled between 9 and 13 December 1982; tinting completed on 19 January 1983; and the gold frame composited using transparency material by Studio 10, London.[23] Foreground figures derive from picture library slides of lesser-known classical works, selected to evade copyright restrictions.[23] No explicit symbolism has been articulated by the creators, but the eclectic assembly of antique art within a gilded frame suggests themes of concealed historical knowledge, paralleling the album's motif of hidden audio messages. The back sleeve, mimicking a picture frame's reverse, incorporates framing labels bearing company names that serve as anagrams of ELO members' names—"T.D. Ryan" for Richard Tandy and "F.Y.J. Fennel" for Jeff Lynne—constituting an overt covert element in the packaging.[6] This feature required multiple back cover photographs due to evolving track listings.[23]Release and Promotion
Album Release Details
Secret Messages was released on 5 June 1983 by Jet Records in the United Kingdom, serving as the final Electric Light Orchestra album issued by the label.[24][2] The initial format was a single vinyl LP in a gatefold sleeve containing 10 tracks, with a total runtime of 47 minutes and 6 seconds.[13] Cassette and later compact disc editions followed, though the original release predated widespread CD adoption.[2] Commercially, the album debuted at number 4 on the UK Albums Chart, where it remained for 15 weeks and received a gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry for over 100,000 units sold.[25][26] In the United States, Secret Messages entered the Billboard 200 at number 97 on 16 July 1983 and ultimately peaked at number 36.[27][28] No RIAA certification was awarded in the US, reflecting more modest sales compared to prior ELO releases.[29]Singles and Commercial Tie-Ins
"Rock 'n' Roll Is King" was released as the lead single from Secret Messages on June 18, 1983, backed with "After All" on Jet Records.[30] It peaked at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart after entering at number 59 and climbing over several weeks.[30] In the United States, the single reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100.[31] A promotional video directed by Jeff Lynne featured the band performing amid layered synthesizer effects, aligning with the album's theme of hidden messages.[32] The title track "Secret Messages" followed as a single in August 1983 in the UK, with "Buildings Have Eyes" as the B-side on a picture disc edition that included a competition for a gold disc prize.[12] It debuted at number 59 on the UK Singles Chart, rose to a peak of number 48, and fell to number 58 before dropping out.[33] No significant US release occurred for this single, though a video was produced showcasing Lynne's production style with whizzing layered sounds.[2] [34] "Four Little Diamonds" served as a promotional single primarily in the US market, released in September 1983.[31] It achieved modest success, peaking at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100.[31] No major commercial tie-ins, such as licensing for advertisements or product endorsements, were associated with the singles; promotion centered on radio play and video airings amid the era's backmasking controversies, which the album's title ironically referenced.[7]Track Listing
Original LP and CD Configurations
The original vinyl LP edition of Secret Messages, released in June 1983 by Jet Records in the UK (catalogue JETLP 527) and CBS Associated in the US (QZ 38490), featured a single-disc configuration with 10 tracks, as the album was truncated from its intended double-LP format due to label constraints on length and budget.[13][35] The track sequencing divided into two sides, emphasizing shorter, radio-friendly compositions while omitting "Time After Time" entirely from vinyl pressings.[13]| Side | Track | Title | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 | Secret Messages | 4:43 |
| A | 2 | Loser Gone Wild | 5:25 |
| A | 3 | Bluebird | 4:06 |
| A | 4 | Take Me On and On | 5:02 |
| B | 5 | Four Little Diamonds | 4:05 |
| B | 6 | Stranger | 4:28 |
| B | 7 | Danger Ahead | 3:52 |
| B | 8 | Double Life | 4:02 |
| B | 9 | Rock 'n' Roll Is King | 3:45 |
| B | 10 | All Fall Down | 5:25 |
2018 Double Album Edition
The 2018 double album edition of Secret Messages was issued on August 3, 2018, by Legacy Recordings as a two-LP 140-gram vinyl set in a gatefold sleeve, accompanied by a digital download option. This release marked the 35th anniversary of the original album and fulfilled Jeff Lynne's initial conception of a double LP with 17 tracks, rather than the truncated 10-track single disc compelled by CBS Records' concerns over double-vinyl production expenses in 1983. The edition restores seven tracks previously scattered across B-sides, singles, and later compilations from 1983 to 2001, sequenced according to the final known test pressing to approximate Lynne's intended flow.[38][15] These reinstated tracks—"Endless Lies" (B-side to "Rock 'n' Roll Is King," 1983), "Buildings Have Eyes" (B-side to "Secret Messages," 1983), "Mandalay" (from the Afterglow compilation, 1990), "Time After Time" (instrumental originally on the "Balance of Power" single B-side, 1986), "After All" (shorter edit from the "Stranger" B-side, 1983), "Hello My Old Friend" (from the Flashback box set, 2000), and a brief "Motor Factory" interlude—expand the album's thematic emphasis on cryptic messaging and orchestral pop-rock without altering the core recordings. The configuration omits one track from Lynne's 18-song blueprint, preserving the album's brevity while enhancing its density.[39][40][7] The track listing adheres to the expanded sequence:- Side A: "Secret Messages" (4:44), "Loser Gone Wild" (5:27), "Bluebird" (4:13), "Take Me On and On" (4:59)
- Side B: "Stranger" (4:28), "No Way Out" (3:38), "Four Little Diamonds" (4:05), "Train of Gold" (4:20)
- Side C: "Endless Lies" (3:24), "Buildings Have Eyes" (4:04), "Motor Factory" / "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" (4:23)
- Side D: "Mandalay" (5:12), "Time After Time" (3:05), "After All" (shorter version, 2:42), "Hello My Old Friend" (1:12), "Letter from Spain" (2:51)
Personnel
Core ELO Members
Jeff Lynne, the founder and creative force behind Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), led the band during the recording of Secret Messages in 1982–1983, serving as lead and backing vocalist, guitarist, bassist, pianist, percussionist, and synthesizer player, while also producing the album and writing all original material.[44] His multi-instrumental approach minimized reliance on session players for core instrumentation, reflecting the band's contraction to a tighter unit amid lineup changes.[45] Bev Bevan, ELO's original drummer since 1971, handled all drum and percussion duties on the album, providing the rhythmic foundation for tracks like "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" and contributing to the backmasked spoken-word elements in the title track.[6] His steady presence anchored the sessions at Musicland Studios in Munich, where much of the album was tracked.[44] Richard Tandy, the longtime keyboardist and a member since ELO's early days, played synthesizers, grand piano, and provided backing vocals, enhancing the orchestral textures with layers of keyboards on songs such as "Loser Gone Wild" and the Beatles cover "Take It Away."[46] Tandy's contributions were integral to the album's symphonic pop sound, drawing from his role in prior ELO works, and he remained a consistent collaborator with Lynne through this period of reduced band size.[45] By Secret Messages, the trio of Lynne, Bevan, and Tandy formed the essential core, handling primary performances without the fuller string sections of earlier albums.[47]Additional Contributors
Dave Morgan provided additional backing vocals on the album.[48] Mik Kaminski, a former ELO violinist, contributed a solo violin performance on the track "Rock 'n' Roll Is King".[48] Louis Clark served as conductor and arranger for the orchestral strings, featured on multiple tracks including "Time After Time", "Loser Gone Wild", and "Rock 'n' Roll Is King".[48][14] Bill Bottrell engineered the recordings, with assistance from Langdon Page; Geoff Calver handled mastering.[35]Reception
Critical Reviews at Release
Record Mirror awarded Secret Messages four stars in its September 1, 1983, review, but critiqued the album's motivations amid ELO's contractual obligations for three more records after the underwhelming reception of Time, stating the band "needed to pick themselves up from beside the swimming pool and head for the studio to top up those numbered Swiss bank accounts."[49] The review acknowledged a reversion to orchestral elements and pop hooks reminiscent of earlier successes like Out of the Blue, yet implied a lack of fresh inspiration, with singles such as "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" seen as competent but derivative efforts to recapture past commercial glory.[49] Other UK outlets like NME and Melody Maker provided limited coverage, focusing more on the album's backmasked "secret messages" gimmick—a response to persistent accusations of subliminal content—rather than musical innovation, reflecting broader critical fatigue with Jeff Lynne's Beatles-influenced formula amid shifting tastes toward new wave and synth-driven acts.[6] In the US, trade publications such as Cash Box listed the album in rotation adds and hot picks without substantive praise, signaling modest industry interest rather than acclaim.[50] [51] Overall, reviewers noted strengths in polished production and tracks like "Four Little Diamonds" but faulted the record for relying on synthesizers and orchestral swells without advancing ELO's sound, contributing to its perception as a contractual filler rather than a creative peak.[52]Fan and Retrospective Assessments
Fan assessments of Secret Messages have generally been positive, with aggregate user ratings averaging 3.27 out of 5 on Rate Your Music based on 1,666 reviews, placing it as a mid-tier entry in ELO's discography for its 1983 release year.[14] On Discogs, multiple vinyl editions garner averages around 4.0 to 4.1 out of 5 from over 2,000 combined user ratings, reflecting appreciation for its melodies, choruses, and production despite perceived lacks in innovation compared to earlier works.[13] Fans often praise tracks like "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" and "Loser Gone Wild" for their catchy hooks and orchestral flourishes, viewing the album as a polished synthesis of ELO's pop-rock style with 1980s synth elements.[20] Criticisms among fans center on inconsistency and tonal shifts, with some describing it as a "disappointment" relative to peaks like Out of the Blue due to weaker tracks and a perceived loss of the band's earlier momentum.[53] Forum discussions highlight debates over the original single-disc sequencing versus the expanded double-album intent, leading a subset of enthusiasts to resequence it as a concept album for improved cohesion.[9] User reviews on platforms like Album of the Year note a "noticeable fall off" in song quality from prior albums, though not deeming it outright poor.[54] Retrospective evaluations have elevated Secret Messages as an underrated or "hidden gem" in ELO's catalog, with 2024 analyses crediting its successful blend of classic orchestration and era-specific production values that bridged the band's 1970s heyday to 1980s electronic influences.[20] Recent fan reflections, including blog revisits, emphasize standout tracks' enduring appeal and defend it against contemporary dismissal, positioning it on par with Time for polish and electric energy despite the absence of live strings.[7][15] This shift contrasts initial fan ambivalence, with online communities increasingly advocating for its strengths in melody and Jeff Lynne's songcraft amid the album's commercial context.[55]Commercial Performance
Chart Positions
Secret Messages peaked at number 4 on the UK Albums Chart upon its release in June 1983.[4] In the United States, the album reached number 36 on the Billboard 200 chart, with its highest position recorded on August 20, 1983, after entering the chart earlier that month.[28] The release marked ELO's final studio album to achieve top 40 status across multiple international markets during its initial run, reflecting a decline from the band's peak commercial years in the late 1970s.[56]| Chart (1983) | Peak Position |
|---|---|
| UK Albums (Official Charts Company) | 4 |
| US Billboard 200 | 36 |