Snooks Eaglin
Snooks Eaglin (January 21, 1936 – February 18, 2009) was an American blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter from New Orleans, Louisiana, celebrated for his vast repertoire spanning blues, R&B, gospel, and beyond, which earned him the enduring nickname "the Human Jukebox."[1][2][3] Blinded by glaucoma in early childhood, Eaglin was born Fird Eaglin Jr. and taught himself to play guitar by listening to the radio, developing a distinctive finger-picking style on both six- and twelve-string instruments.[1][2] Eaglin's career began in his early teens when he dropped out of a school for the blind to join the street-performing group the Flamingos in 1952, quickly establishing himself in New Orleans' vibrant music scene alongside figures like Professor Longhair and Allen Toussaint.[1][2] In the early 1960s, he recorded singles for Imperial Records, blending traditional blues with the city's rhythmic funk and jazz influences.[2] Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, he released albums on labels such as Folkways, Sonet, and Heritage, showcasing his melodic, orchestrally rich arrangements and eclectic covers from sources like country, exotica, and pop standards.[2] In the 1980s and 1990s, Eaglin revitalized his profile through recordings on Black Top Records, including standout tracks like "Funky Malaguena," and collaborations with artists such as the Wild Magnolias, Ellis Marsalis, and James Booker, while becoming a staple at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.[1][2] His improvisational prowess and genre-blending approach drew admiration from rock luminaries including Eric Clapton, Paul McCartney, Robert Plant, and Bonnie Raitt, cementing his legacy as a foundational pillar of New Orleans' musical heritage despite limited mainstream commercial success.[1][2] Eaglin, who was married to Dorothea Eaglin for over 30 years and had one daughter, died of a heart attack in New Orleans following a battle with prostate cancer.[1]Early life
Childhood and family
Fird Eaglin Jr., later known as Snooks Eaglin, was born on January 21, 1936, in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Fird Eaglin Sr., a working-class harmonica player, and his wife, whose name is not widely documented in available records.[4][5][6] The Eaglin family resided in New Orleans, exposing young Fird to the city's rich cultural sounds and rhythms from an early age, though economic constraints shaped a challenging environment.[7] As an infant, Eaglin was diagnosed with glaucoma and a brain tumor, undergoing surgery that resulted in complete blindness by 19 months of age; this necessitated a prolonged 2.5-year hospital stay and fundamentally altered his early development.[5][4][6] The onset of blindness compelled Eaglin to depend heavily on auditory cues for learning, navigation, and interaction, leading him to attend the Louisiana School for the Blind in Baton Rouge, where he honed skills in listening and memory that later influenced his life path.[2][7][5] Limited public records exist regarding siblings or extended family, with no specific details confirmed in biographical accounts.[5][7] This auditory reliance from childhood served as an early coping mechanism, fostering a deep engagement with sounds that transitioned into musical interests.[5][2]Musical beginnings
Fird Eaglin Jr. received his first guitar as a gift from his father, a harmonica player, when he was five years old.[5] Blinded by glaucoma in infancy, Eaglin relied heavily on his ears for learning, becoming self-taught by age 11 through careful listening to songs broadcast on the radio and played on phonograph records, often jamming along with his father using an acetate recording machine.[8][5][4] In 1947, at the age of 11, Eaglin made his earliest public debut by winning first place and $200 in a talent contest sponsored by New Orleans radio station WNOE, where he performed an instrumental rendition of "Twelfth Street Rag" on guitar.[9][5] This victory marked a pivotal moment, boosting his confidence and encouraging further practice. His playful and mischievous personality during these years earned him the nickname "Little Snooks," inspired by the impish radio character Baby Snooks from the popular comedy series.[4][5] As a blind child musician in New Orleans, Eaglin soon began informal street performing in areas like the French Quarter, entertaining tourists and locals while developing his foundational guitar techniques by imitating a wide array of artists heard on the radio.[5] These early experiences laid the groundwork for the eclectic and adaptable style that would define his later career, emphasizing versatility across genres through ear-based replication rather than formal instruction.[8][5]Career
Early career
At the age of 16, Eaglin joined the Flamingoes, a seven-piece rhythm and blues band founded by teenage pianist Allen Toussaint in New Orleans.[5][8] The group, which lacked a dedicated bass player, featured Eaglin performing on guitar and occasionally bass during local gigs focused on R&B material.[5] He remained with the Flamingoes for several years until the band disbanded in the mid-1950s following the death of his father, who had helped manage the group, and Toussaint's departure.[5] Eaglin made his first professional recording in 1953 as the guitarist for James "Sugar Boy" Crawford and His Cane Cutters on the track "Jock-A-Mo," a Mardi Gras-inspired song later popularized as "Iko Iko."[5][10] Released on Checker Records, the single marked Eaglin's entry into the New Orleans recording scene and highlighted his supportive role in backing local R&B artists.[10] Following the Flamingoes' dissolution around 1955, Eaglin worked as a sideman in various New Orleans clubs, accompanying R&B performers, and occasionally busked solo on the streets to supplement his income.[5] Born Fird Eaglin Jr., he adopted the stage name "Snooks" during this period, drawn from the mischievous radio character Baby Snooks, reflecting his playful personality despite his blindness.[11] His early live sets earned a reputation for improvisational flair, as he drew from an extensive repertoire of covers across blues, R&B, and pop styles to engage audiences.[12] In 1958, folklorist Harry Oster from Louisiana State University encountered Eaglin busking in the French Quarter and began recording him in informal field sessions that continued through 1960.[12] These field recordings, later issued on the album New Orleans Street Singer, captured Eaglin's raw, acoustic blues performances, often solo on guitar, showcasing his versatile fingerpicking and vocal interpretations of traditional material.[12][13]1960s and 1970s
In 1960, Snooks Eaglin signed with Imperial Records, where he recorded a series of singles under the name Ford Eaglin, produced by Dave Bartholomew.[3] These tracks, released through 1963, blended blues with New Orleans R&B elements, featuring songs such as "No No No" and "That Certain Door."[14][15] In 1964, Eaglin traveled to Sweden for radio broadcasts and live performances with the Swedish Broadcasting Corporation, including a session recorded on January 26 at Karlaplansstudion in Stockholm, which introduced his eclectic style to European audiences.[16][17] Following his Imperial period, Eaglin entered a recording hiatus in the mid-to-late 1960s, shifting focus to local New Orleans gigs as the local music scene evolved toward funk and soul influences.[18] His early sideman experience with various artists had honed his adaptability, allowing him to navigate these changes through versatile club performances.[5] Eaglin returned to recording in 1971 with the album Message from New Orleans on Sonet Records, emphasizing acoustic blues rooted in traditional New Orleans sounds.[19][20] Throughout the 1970s, he engaged in notable collaborations, including guitar work on Professor Longhair's 1971-1972 sessions for Mardi Gras in Baton Rouge and contributions to the Wild Magnolias' Mardi Gras Indian music tracks on their 1974 album.[5][3] On a personal note, Eaglin met his wife, Dorthea "Dee," in 1959 and married her in 1961; they remained married until his death in 2009, providing essential stability, enabling his touring and performances during this era.[5]Black Top era and later years
In 1987, Snooks Eaglin signed with Black Top Records, marking a significant resurgence in his recording career after years of sporadic activity. His debut album for the label, Baby, You Can Get Your Gun!, showcased his electric blues style through covers of New Orleans R&B classics, including tracks like "Lavinia" by Tommy Ridgley and "Profidia."[5][21] This release, produced by Hammond Scott, revitalized Eaglin's presence in the blues scene, reaching new audiences with its energetic interpretations.[5] Eaglin's output with Black Top continued steadily through the 1990s, emphasizing his command of electric guitar and a broad repertoire drawn from New Orleans traditions. Key releases included Out of Nowhere in 1989, featuring songs by Smiley Lewis and Benny Spellman; Teasin' You in 1992, with nods to Earl King's compositions; Soul's Edge in 1995; and the live recording Live! At the Crawfish Festival in 1998.[22][23][24] These albums highlighted his versatility, blending blues with R&B and rock elements, and solidified his reputation as a staple of the label's roster.[5] During this period, Eaglin also contributed as a sideman on Black Top projects, providing guitar on Henry Butler's Blues After Sunset (1993), Earl King's Hard River to Cross (1993), and Tommy Ridgley's Since the Blues Began (1995).[25][26][27] After Black Top ceased operations, Eaglin released his final studio album, The Way It Is, in 2002 on Money Pit Records, produced by the Scott brothers from Black Top. This effort featured collaborations with bassist George Porter Jr. of The Meters and pianist Jon Cleary, capturing Eaglin's enduring electric blues sound in tracks like "Can You Hear Me?" and "Boogie Rambler."[28] Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, he maintained a steady schedule of live performances in New Orleans clubs and at festivals, drawing on his vast repertoire—estimated at over 1,000 songs—to adapt to diverse audiences.[5] Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Eaglin demonstrated resilience by returning to the stage, including appearances at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival in 2005, 2006, and 2008, helping sustain the city's musical spirit amid recovery efforts.[29]Musical style and influences
Playing technique and vocals
Snooks Eaglin employed a distinctive guitar technique, using his thumbnail to pick the strings rather than a plectrum, which enabled him to execute rapid and fluid solos with exceptional speed and precision.[30] This bare-handed approach, involving an open right hand to pluck strings forcefully, also allowed him to incorporate rhythmic chord fills seamlessly between notes, enhancing the percussive drive of his performances.[31] His self-taught style, developed from childhood by ear, emphasized this unorthodox method, which Allen Toussaint described as highly unusual yet versatile.[32] Eaglin demonstrated proficiency on both acoustic and electric guitars, adapting fluidly between the two throughout his career. In his early years, he often performed unamplified on acoustic guitar, creating an intimate sound suited to street and club settings in New Orleans.[33] Later, he favored electric guitar with amplification, employing techniques like fast triplet pull-offs in the minor pentatonic scale and double-stop sequences to produce a rich, quirky melodic style with impeccable timing.[33] Eaglin's vocals were characterized by a gravelly, emotive quality deeply rooted in New Orleans R&B traditions, blending raw blues shouts with smooth, laid-back phrasing.[31] His throaty delivery conveyed soulful intensity, often underscoring the emotional depth of his renditions while maintaining an understated tone distinct from more bombastic styles.[34] As a blind musician since infancy, Eaglin relied on memory-based improvisation for his performances, forgoing sheet music or visual cues in favor of auditory recall honed through years of listening to radio broadcasts.[30] This adaptation not only shaped his vast repertoire but also contributed to the spontaneous, intuitive flow of his guitar work and vocal interpretations.[32] Eaglin's vocal-guitar interplay drew comparisons to Ray Charles, particularly in how he balanced impassioned singing with instrumental solos to prioritize soulful expression over mere technical display.[33] In the 1950s, he was occasionally billed as "Li'l Ray Charles" for his similar emotive fusion of voice and guitar, emphasizing rhythmic connection and heartfelt delivery.Repertoire and influences
Snooks Eaglin earned the nickname "The Human Jukebox" due to his extraordinary repertoire, which he claimed encompassed over 2,500 songs spanning blues, R&B, rock and roll, zydeco, jazz, country, and pop.[35][2] This vast catalog allowed him to perform without set lists, often responding to audience requests with seamless improvisations that blended genres in live settings.[35] His ability to pull from such diverse sources—ranging from gospel standards and blues classics to funk numbers like "It's Your Thing" and pop-mambo tunes such as "Perfidia"—reflected the multicultural fabric of New Orleans, incorporating Latin rhythms and Cajun-zydeco elements into his arrangements.[2][36] Eaglin's musical worldview was profoundly shaped by radio broadcasts during his youth, particularly the guitar tones of T-Bone Walker, the flamboyant showmanship of Guitar Slim, and the rhythmic innovations of New Orleans pianist Professor Longhair.[37][38][2] These influences, absorbed through early listening experiences, informed his eclectic approach, enabling him to adapt covers across styles with melodic fluidity rather than rigid harmonic structures.[2] In live performances, this manifested as spontaneous genre shifts, occasionally facilitated by his distinctive thumbnail-picking technique for rhythm and lead.[39] Over his career, Eaglin's repertoire evolved from the acoustic folk-blues of his street-performing days in the 1950s to a mature electric R&B sound backed by full bands in the 1960s and beyond.[39][2] This progression mirrored his immersion in New Orleans' vibrant scene, where he wove local traditions into broader American popular music, maintaining an improvisational spirit that kept audiences engaged across decades.[2]Death and legacy
Illness and death
In 2008, Snooks Eaglin was diagnosed with prostate cancer, which led to hospitalization for treatment and a significant reduction in his live performances.[1][40] Despite his illness, he continued performing sporadically that year, including select appearances in New Orleans.[41] Eaglin died on February 18, 2009, at the age of 73, from a heart attack at Ochsner Medical Center in New Orleans, just months after his cancer diagnosis.[1][39] His death deeply affected his family, particularly his wife of nearly 50 years, Dorothea "Dee" Eaglin (née Williams), whom he had met in 1958 outside a New Orleans music hall where she became his lifelong companion and manager.[5][2][42] Eaglin's funeral on February 27, 2009, featured a traditional New Orleans jazz procession, beginning with a viewing and service at the Howlin' Wolf nightclub, followed by a second-line parade through the streets.[43][44] The event drew a large gathering from the local music community, including performers such as Allen Toussaint and Irma Thomas, who honored him with music during the send-off.[43]Recognition and tributes
Snooks Eaglin received significant posthumous recognition at the 2009 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, where he was honored with a statue in the Fair Grounds infield, a photograph displayed in the Blues Tent, and a second-line procession tribute during the event.[43][45] These tributes underscored his status as a staple performer at the festival, where he had drawn crowds annually for decades with his versatile performances.[32] Eaglin's influence extended to rock musicians, who admired his innovative guitar style and vast repertoire, often seeking him out during visits to New Orleans. Notable admirers included Eric Clapton, who covered Eaglin's rendition of "Alberta" on his 1992 MTV Unplugged album, as well as Paul McCartney, Robert Plant, and Bonnie Raitt.[46][1] His role in the New Orleans blues revival indirectly shaped broader rock traditions through the city's musical heritage.[30] Regarded as one of New Orleans' most beloved musicians and a local legend, Eaglin's legacy endures through annual mentions and tributes at blues festivals, including his regular Jazz Fest appearances that highlighted his adaptability across genres.[8][4] A 2024 article reaffirmed his enduring status, noting his inimitable finger-picking as a marvel that captivated audiences.[8] His streetside jazz funeral in 2009, attended by the musical community, served as a poignant memorial to his lifelong contributions to the city's sound.[47] Ongoing annual tributes at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival continue to celebrate his contributions as of 2025.[48] Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which destroyed his home in Slidell, Louisiana, Eaglin demonstrated resilience by continuing performances, including at the 2008 Jazz & Heritage Festival, helping to sustain and preserve New Orleans' musical culture during recovery efforts from 2005 to 2008.[49] His vast repertoire, often called encyclopedic and key to his legendary adaptability, allowed him to embody the city's spirit in post-disaster shows.[46][50]Discography
Original albums
Snooks Eaglin's original albums represent his primary studio and live recordings, showcasing his evolution from acoustic blues to electric R&B-infused performances. These releases highlight his versatility as a guitarist and singer, often blending traditional New Orleans sounds with personal interpretations of classics. New Orleans Street Singer (1959, Smithsonian Folkways) compiles early acoustic performances recorded in 1958, featuring solo guitar and vocals on traditional blues and folk songs like "Rock Island Line" and "Every Day I Have the Blues," capturing his street singer roots.[51] That's All Right (1961, Prestige/Bluesville) presents acoustic blues with occasional band support, including tracks such as "That's All Right" and "Alberta," emphasizing Eaglin's fingerpicking style and vast repertoire.[52] The 1971 album The Legacy of the Blues, Vol. 2 on Sonet is an acoustic blues collection featuring Eaglin with New Orleans friends on traditional and original songs, capturing his raw, intimate style in studio sessions.[53] Down Yonder (1978, Sonet) blends acoustic and electric elements in a mix of blues standards and R&B, produced by Sam Charters, highlighting Eaglin's growing eclectic influences.[54] In 1987, Baby, You Can Get Your Gun! marked Eaglin's electric debut on Black Top Records, produced by Hammond Scott, with a focus on R&B covers like "Red Beans" and "Lightnin' Hopkins," emphasizing his funky guitar riffs and energetic band interplay; it was praised for revitalizing his career with its vibrant New Orleans groove.[55] The 1989 release Out of Nowhere on Black Top explored island-influenced tracks, incorporating calypso and blues elements in songs such as "Out of Nowhere" and "Wella Wella Baby-La," produced by Hammond Scott, and received acclaim for Eaglin's dexterous slide guitar and rhythmic experimentation.[56] The 1992 album Teasin' You on Black Top featured covers and originals like "Teasin' You," "Soul Train," and "Dizzy Miss Lizzy," produced by Hammond Scott, showcasing Eaglin's improvisational prowess and genre-blending in a studio setting.[57] Soul's Edge (1995, Black Top) presented mature interpretations of blues and R&B standards, including "Soul's Edge" and "Down Yonder," with polished production by the Scott brothers, highlighting Eaglin's seasoned vocals and guitar tone; critics lauded its depth and emotional resonance.[58] Live in Japan (1997, Black Top) captured Eaglin's live energy from performances at the 1995 Park Tower Blues Festival in Japan, with tracks like "Baby, Please Come Home" and "When It Rains It Pours," preserving his audience interaction and eclectic setlists.[59] Eaglin's final original album, The Way It Is (2002, Money Pit), featured modern collaborations, including with George Porter Jr. on bass for songs like "One Kind Favor," produced by the Scott brothers, and was recognized for its contemporary edge while honoring his blues heritage, marking a poignant close to his recording career.[60]Compilation albums
Several compilation albums have been released featuring Snooks Eaglin's recordings, aggregating his early field recordings, singles, and outtakes into retrospective collections that highlight his versatile blues style across decades. One of the earliest compilations is Message from New Orleans, released in 1960 on the Heritage label (later reissued by Folkways and Smithsonian Folkways), which compiles field recordings made by folklorist Harry Oster between 1958 and 1960 in New Orleans. This album captures Eaglin's raw acoustic blues performances, including tracks like "Everyday Blues," "Mamma, Don't You Tear My Clothes," and "Walkin' Blues," showcasing his fingerpicking guitar technique and vocal delivery in an unaccompanied street-singer format.[61][62] In 1995, The Complete Imperial Recordings was issued on CD by Capitol/EMI, collecting all of Eaglin's singles and sessions for the Imperial label from 1960 to 1963. This 24-track compilation includes electric blues and R&B numbers such as "Yours Truly," "Nobody Knows (The Trouble I've Seen)," "By the Water," and "If I Could Reach Out (And Touch Your Hand)," providing a comprehensive overview of his mid-1960s commercial output with full band arrangements.[38][63] The 2001 release The Crescent City Collection on Fuel 2000 serves as a Black Top Records retrospective, bundling tracks from Eaglin's 1980s and 1990s albums for the label along with previously unreleased outtakes and rarities. Spanning 54 minutes across 14 songs, it features selections like "Alberta" and "Everyday Blues" in electric settings, emphasizing his New Orleans R&B influences and live energy from sessions recorded between 1987 and 1995.[64][65] The Blues of Snooks Eaglin, a 2005 DVD-audio hybrid released by Storyville Records, compiles live performances recorded on October 23, 1985, at New Orleans' Storyville Jazz Hall. The audio tracks form a 40-minute set of blues standards including "Mustang Sally," "Let the Four Winds Blow," "Guess Who," and "Drop the Bomb," presented in a hybrid format that allows for both video viewing and standalone audio playback, highlighting Eaglin's improvisational guitar work in a club setting.[66] Another 2005 compilation, Snooks Eaglin (The Sonet Blues Story) on Universal, reissues Eaglin's 1971 Sonet sessions with his New Orleans friends, remastered from the original Legacy of the Blues Vol. 2. This 15-track, 41-minute collection includes acoustic and electric blues like "Boogie Children," "Who's Been Talking," and "Every Day I Have the Blues," drawing from unissued alternate takes and emphasizing his early 1970s folk-blues phase.[53]Singles
Snooks Eaglin released a series of singles under the name Ford Eaglin for Imperial Records between 1960 and 1961, produced by Dave Bartholomew in New Orleans. These recordings blended blues, R&B, and rock influences, showcasing Eaglin's versatile guitar work and vocals, though they garnered primarily local airplay without national chart impact.[67] Prior to his solo singles, Eaglin contributed guitar to several 1950s sessions for James "Sugar Boy" Crawford on Checker Records, including the 1954 single "Jock-A-Mo" b/w "I Don't Know What I'll Do," a Mardi Gras-inspired track that received regional attention and was later adapted into the 1961 hit "Iko Iko" by The Dixie Cups; no standalone singles under Eaglin's name from this era were issued, though some test recordings from 1949 on Opera Records remain unissued.[68][69] The following table lists Eaglin's known standalone 45 RPM singles:| Year | A-Side | B-Side | Label | Catalog No. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Yours Truly | Nobody Knows (The Trouble I've Seen) | Imperial | 5671 | Released June 1960; white-label promo variant exists.[70] |
| 1960 | That Certain Door | By the Water | Imperial | 5692 | Released September 1960; featured Eaglin's acoustic slide guitar.[71] |
| 1961 | If I Could | Guess Who | Imperial | 5736 | Released April 1961; last Imperial single before label's New Orleans operations ceased.[72] |