Super Formula Lights
Super Formula Lights is a Japanese single-seater open-wheel racing championship that serves as the primary feeder series to the elite Super Formula Championship.[1] Launched in 2020 as a rebranding of the historic All-Japan Formula 3 Championship—which originated in 1979 to nurture domestic talent—the series provides a competitive platform for emerging drivers aiming for international success.[1] It features the Dallara 324 chassis, equipped with a standardized 1.6-liter turbocharged Toyota TGE33 three-cylinder engine delivering 275 horsepower, along with Kumho tires, emphasizing close racing on circuits across Japan.[2] The championship format consists of six triple-header race weekends, often as support events to Super Formula rounds, with races typically lasting 30 to 40 minutes plus one lap.[2] Points are awarded based on finishing positions (10, 7, 5, 3, 2, and 1 for first through sixth), with bonuses for pole position and fastest lap, culminating in a season champion who earns 10 points toward an FIA Super Licence.[2][1] Since adopting a spec-engine formula in 2024, the series has streamlined costs and competition, moving away from multiple engine suppliers used in its early years.[3] Over its history, Super Formula Lights has produced notable talents, including endurance racing legend Tom Kristensen, Super Formula champions like Kamui Kobayashi and Kazuki Nakajima, and Formula 1 drivers such as Yuki Tsunoda.[1] In the 2025 season, Yuto Nomura clinched the title with 121 points, marking nine victories and highlighting the series' role in developing top-tier Japanese motorsport prospects.[4] With around six teams and a mix of domestic and international drivers, it continues to bridge grassroots racing, such as Japanese F4, to the pinnacle of open-wheel competition in Asia.[2]Overview
Series Format
The Super Formula Lights series operates on a structured race weekend format designed to provide intensive competition for young drivers. Each event weekend typically features three sprint-style races: a longer Race 1 lasting approximately 40 minutes on Saturday, followed by two shorter races of about 30 minutes each on Sunday. Qualifying sessions, consisting of two 10-minute time-attack periods on Saturday, determine the starting grids for Race 1 and Race 2, while the grid for Race 3 is set based on the finishing order of Race 1, promoting strategic racing and overtaking opportunities.[2][5] Points are awarded to the top six finishers in each race, with 10 points for first place, 7 for second, 5 for third, 3 for fourth, 2 for fifth, and 1 for sixth. An additional bonus point is granted for securing pole position in each qualifying session, and another for setting the fastest lap during the race, encouraging aggressive yet controlled driving throughout the weekend. This scoring applies to both the drivers' and teams' championships, though teams accumulate points only from their highest-finishing driver per race to reflect collective performance.[6][2] The annual drivers' and teams' championships are determined by the cumulative total of points earned across all races in the season, which comprises six rounds for a total of 18 races. In the event of tied points, the championship is decided by the number of race wins, followed by second-place finishes, and so on, ensuring a clear hierarchy based on on-track results.[6] Event weekends are integrated into the Japanese motorsport calendar as support races, with three of the six rounds in 2025 coinciding with the main Super Formula Championship events to maximize exposure and shared logistics.[7][8] Practice sessions precede the competitive elements, featuring four two-hour free practice runs split between Thursday and Friday, allowing teams to fine-tune setups on diverse circuits across Japan. This format balances preparation, qualification, and racing over a compact weekend, typically spanning Saturday and Sunday for the core activities.[5][4]Role in Motorsport
Super Formula Lights serves as the primary developmental pathway to the elite Super Formula championship in Japan, functioning as a crucial stepping stone for aspiring professional drivers. Established as a feeder series in 1979 under its original Japanese Formula 3 guise, it has consistently produced talents who advance to higher levels of competition, with the series rebranded in 2020 to align with modern single-seater hierarchies. Notable graduates, such as Ritomo Miyata, have transitioned directly from Super Formula Lights contention to full-time Super Formula seats, exemplified by Miyata's move to TOM'S in 2021 following strong performances in the junior category. This progression underscores the series' role in nurturing drivers capable of competing in Japan's premier open-wheel series, where nine direct advancements have occurred in recent years.[9] The championship operates under FIA regional standards, positioning it as equivalent to Formula 3-level racing within the international framework, a designation reinforced by the 2020 rebranding to comply with FIA nomenclature for regional junior formulas. This alignment ensures adherence to global safety and technical protocols, facilitating seamless integration for drivers pursuing FIA Super Licences and broader international opportunities. As part of the Asia-Pacific motorsport ecosystem, Super Formula Lights has evolved from its origins as a support to the Japanese GP2 and Formula Nippon events, maintaining its feeder status through consistent regulatory harmony with the FIA's junior categories.[3] Super Formula Lights attracts a diverse field of drivers from the Asia-Pacific region, blending Japanese prospects with international contenders to foster competitive depth and global exposure. In 2025, the grid featured a record 14 entrants, including talents from Europe and the Americas like Kaylen Frederick, alongside regional standouts, highlighting its appeal beyond domestic borders. This international dimension integrates with Japan's longstanding feeder system, promoting cross-cultural racing development since the series' inception.[5] Talent development remains central to the series, with a strong emphasis on young drivers through manufacturer-backed initiatives from Toyota and Honda, who provide scholarships and support programs to identify and advance promising juniors. These efforts target emerging racers, often in their early twenties, via pathways like the Toyota Gazoo Racing young driver program and Honda Racing School selections, enabling eligibility and funding for competitive seats. Such programs have historically prioritized drivers under 25, ensuring a pipeline of skilled athletes ready for Super Formula and beyond.[10][11]History
Japanese Formula 3 Origins
The Japanese Formula 3 Championship was established in 1979 by the Nippon Formula 3 Association under the sanctioning of the Japan Motor Sports Association (JMSA) as a national feeder series adhering to FIA Formula 3 regulations, aimed at developing young drivers for higher levels of motorsport.[12][13] The inaugural event took place on April 1, 1979, at Suzuka Circuit, marking the beginning of a structured national platform for Formula 3 racing in Japan.[14] During its early years, the series grew steadily, transitioning from single-race weekends to double-header formats to better align with international practices and provide more competitive experience for participants.[12] In the 1980s, it adopted 2.0-liter naturally aspirated production-based engines as per evolving FIA specifications introduced in 1974, which helped standardize the category and attract more entries by emphasizing reliability and cost control over bespoke racing powerplants. The 1990s represented a period of peak popularity, with increased international participation from drivers worldwide, leading to a majority of foreign champions and elevating the series' reputation as a competitive proving ground.[13] By 2008, influenced by global motorsport trends and partnerships, the series shifted toward enhanced regional integration, incorporating cost-reduction measures like the addition of a National Class (N Class) for older chassis and one-make engines to sustain participation.[12] The N Class further addressed accessibility, allowing more drivers to compete without prohibitive expenses.[12] The 2010s brought significant challenges, including declining grid sizes attributed to rising operational costs and competition from emerging global junior formulas, which strained team budgets and driver funding.[15] These issues culminated in the final season under the Formula 3 banner in 2019, which featured small grid sizes.[16]Rebranding and Evolution
On August 17, 2019, the organizers of the Super Formula Championship announced the rebranding of the Japanese Formula 3 Championship to Super Formula Lights, effective for the 2020 season, following the Japan Automobile Federation's decision on August 9 to discontinue the F3 designation due to FIA regulations requiring regional series to adopt the Formula Regional name.[17] This move allowed the series to retain its traditional Formula 3-style format while aligning more closely with the Super Formula ecosystem, avoiding the need for significant regulatory overhauls to match the global Formula Regional specifications.[18] The series debuted in 2020 with key technical updates, including the adoption of the Dallara 320 chassis, which was shared with other regional Formula 3-style categories to standardize equipment and reduce costs.[18] Additionally, Kumho Tire became the exclusive supplier, replacing Yokohama after nearly a decade of partnership, to provide consistent performance across varying track conditions.[19] However, the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted the inaugural season, leading to multiple postponements and a condensed calendar announced on June 10, 2020, comprising just seven rounds held from late August to December, all as support events to the Super Formula Championship.[20] In recent years, the series has undergone further unification efforts, notably introducing a spec engine for the 2024 season: the Toyota TGE33, a 1.6-liter turbocharged inline-three developed by TOM'S and based on the G16E-GTS unit from the GR Yaris, producing approximately 275 horsepower to promote parity and sustainability.[21] The 2025 season featured six triple-header rounds over six weekends, including at circuits like Suzuka and Okayama, while attracting increased international participation with a record 14-car grid at the opener. Rookie driver Yuto Nomura clinched the title with nine victories, blending Japanese prospects with global talents.[22][5] Management of Super Formula Lights falls under the Super Formula Company, which oversees both the top-tier series and its feeder, ensuring integrated promotion and logistics.[23] This structure has strengthened ties with Honda and Toyota driver academies, positioning the series as a key pathway for young talents—such as those from Honda Formula Dream Project and Toyota's junior program—to advance to Super Formula and beyond.[5]Technical Specifications
Chassis and Aerodynamics
The Super Formula Lights series employs a specification chassis provided exclusively by Dallara Automobili, the Italian engineering firm that has served as the sole supplier for the broader Super Formula ecosystem since its selection in 2012 to standardize vehicle design and promote competitive parity. From 2020 through 2023, the series utilized the Dallara 320 chassis, constructed with a carbon fiber monocoque tub to balance rigidity, crash safety, and low weight while integrating suspension components like double wishbone pushrod setups with inboard springs and dampers.[24] In 2024, the chassis evolved to the Dallara 324 model, an update aligned with global Formula 3 technical evolutions, featuring enhanced structural stiffness through refined carbon fiber layup and a modest weight reduction compared to prior iterations, bringing the dry vehicle mass to approximately 585 kg.[25][26] This upgrade also incorporates a Halo intrusion device for improved cockpit protection and revamped bodywork to optimize airflow management.[27] Aerodynamically, both the 320 and 324 chassis rely on adjustable front and rear wings to generate downforce, with the 324 introducing more pronounced ground effect elements via underbody diffusers and floor designs compliant with 2024 FIA Formula 3 standards, channeling low-pressure air beneath the car for enhanced grip without excessive drag.[28][27] These features contribute to a balanced aero profile suited to the series' technical circuits, emphasizing cornering stability over outright top speed. Key dimensions of the Dallara 324 include a wheelbase of 2866 mm, a front track width of 1618 mm, and a rear track width of 1540 mm, supporting agile handling in line with junior formula requirements.[29] The minimum weight, including driver, is regulated at 610 kg (as of 2025) to maintain fairness across the spec series.[30]Engines and Drivetrain
The Super Formula Lights series maintained a multi-supplier engine formula from its origins as the Japanese Formula 3 Championship through its rebranding in 2020, featuring 2.0-liter naturally aspirated inline-four engines from manufacturers including Toyota (via TOM'S), Honda (via Mugen and Toda Racing), and Nissan (via ThreeBond).[3] These engines, homologated to produce approximately 250 horsepower at around 8,500 rpm, emphasized reliability and cost control while allowing teams flexibility in power unit selection.[31] In a significant shift for the 2024 season, the series unified to a single-spec engine to standardize performance, reduce costs, and simplify logistics, marking a departure from its Formula 3 heritage.[2] The current powerplant is the Toyota TGE33, a 1.6-liter turbocharged inline-three developed by TOM'S and derived from the G16E-GTS engine in the road-going Toyota GR Yaris.[21] This unit delivers approximately 275 horsepower, providing a balance of high output and drivability suitable for junior drivers transitioning to more advanced series.[32] The engine's turbocharging enables strong low-end torque—around 311 Nm—while adhering to a rev limit of 7,100 rpm, contributing to improved fuel efficiency through optimized mapping without incorporating full hybrid technology.[33] The drivetrain configuration supports the series' focus on accessible yet competitive racing. All vehicles employ rear-wheel drive with power delivered through a Hewland sequential six-speed paddle-shift gearbox, enabling rapid shifts without a clutch pedal during races.[26] This setup includes a mechanical limited-slip differential to enhance traction out of corners, paired with a standardized electronic control unit (ECU) that ensures consistent engine management across the grid.[32] The combination promotes predictable handling and allows emerging talent to concentrate on racecraft rather than complex mechanical adjustments.Tires and Safety Features
Kumho Tire serves as the exclusive tire supplier for Super Formula Lights, having taken over the role in 2024 and providing spec tires to all entrants.[19] This replaced Yokohama Rubber, which had supplied tires to the series—then known as the Japanese Formula 3 Championship—continuously since 2011.[34] The tires consist of the ECSTA S700 slick for dry conditions and the W700 for wet weather, with the S700 available in a medium-soft compound to balance grip and durability across varying track surfaces.[19] Mandatory tire pressure monitoring systems ensure optimal performance and safety by alerting teams to any deviations in pressure during sessions.[33] Safety features in Super Formula Lights align with FIA standards for Formula 3 categories, emphasizing driver protection through advanced structural and personal equipment. The Halo device, a titanium cockpit protection bar, was introduced in 2020 with the adoption of the Dallara 320 chassis, designed to shield the driver's head from debris and impacts while maintaining visibility.[35] The Head and Neck Support (HANS) device is mandatory for all drivers, reducing the risk of basilar skull fractures by limiting head movement during high-deceleration crashes.[36] The Dallara chassis incorporates carbon fiber monocoque crash structures tested to absorb frontal and side impacts up to 100 kN, meeting FIA crash test requirements for energy dissipation and occupant survival space.[37] Additional medical and track safety measures enhance overall risk mitigation. All cars are equipped with onboard fire suppression systems using automatic agents like AFFF to extinguish potential cockpit or engine bay fires within seconds of detection.[38] Circuits hosting Super Formula Lights events feature FIA-standard safety barriers, including energy-absorbing Tecpro systems compliant with the 3501-2017 homologation for high-impact containment.[39] Drivers undergo mandatory FIA-approved training programs, including centrifuge simulations to acclimate to G-forces exceeding 50G in crash scenarios, ensuring physiological preparedness for extreme deceleration.[40]Teams and Participants
Team Structure
Teams in Super Formula Lights are organized as entrants registered with the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) and must adhere to the series' sporting regulations, which are based on FIA Formula 3 standards. The series typically features a grid of around 14 cars, with entries limited by circuit capacities and regulatory approvals, allowing for a competitive field without overcrowding.[5] Prominent teams such as TOM'S, B-Max Racing, and HFDP Racing have been consistent participants since the series' inception in 2020, often fielding multiple cars to support manufacturer development programs.[5] In the 2025 season, teams include HFDP with B-Max Racing (e.g., champion Yuto Nomura), Mobility Chukyo TOM'S (e.g., Rikuto Kobayashi), GNSY Racing, JMS Racing Team, LM corsa, and Delightworks Racing.[4][5] Operational aspects require teams to maintain a professional setup compliant with FIA and JAF guidelines, including limited pit lane access for mechanics—typically up to four crew members per team during sessions.[41] Each team generally operates 1 to 4 cars, with larger outfits like B-Max Racing historically entering up to six or seven drivers, sometimes splitting operations across affiliated entries to optimize strategy and points eligibility.[5] Sponsorship plays a key role in funding, with teams displaying livery that includes mandatory series branding while accommodating commercial partners.[42] Ownership structures often tie to Japanese automakers, exemplified by Toyota-backed TOM'S and Honda-supported HFDP Racing, which integrate the series into their junior driver pathways. Privateer teams, such as Dragon and GNSY Racing, also compete, providing opportunities for independent operations alongside factory-affiliated squads.[5] The teams' championship awards points based solely on the highest-finishing car from each entrant per race, mirroring the drivers' scale of 10-7-5-3-2-1 for positions 1st through 6th, plus 1 point each for pole position and fastest lap.[5] This system encourages multi-car teams to maximize their strongest result while promoting close racing across the field.Driver Eligibility and Categories
To participate in Super Formula Lights, drivers must hold a valid Domestic Competition Driver License A issued by the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) or an equivalent, or for international-format events, an International Competition Driver License B or higher issued by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).[41] Licenses must remain active and free of suspension throughout the entry period, and drivers with an FIA Super Licence or those ranked in the top six of the prior year's FIA Formula 2 or Super Formula championships are ineligible to compete, ensuring the series remains a developmental platform.[41] The minimum age for participation is 16, as individuals under this age are prohibited from accessing the pit lane during events.[41] There is no upper age limit, though the series emphasizes progression through the FIA grading system, with International B licenses serving as the baseline for entry-level international competitors. Rookie drivers typically progress from series like Japanese Formula 4 or equivalent FIA-certified Formula 4 championships, providing foundational experience in single-seater racing before advancing to Super Formula Lights' Dallara F3 chassis.[5] For instance, multiple 2024 entrants, such as Rikuto Kobayashi and Jin Nakamura, entered as rookies directly from Japanese F4 titles, highlighting the pathway's role in nurturing domestic talent. In 2025, drivers like Yuki Sano and Kaylen Frederick continue to represent the mix of domestic and international talent.[2][5] The series reserves opportunities for newcomers without a formal grid percentage quota, but eligibility prioritizes those demonstrating competency in lower formulas to maintain competitive balance. The Masters Class caters to veteran drivers, generally those over 30 or with substantial prior experience but limited recent single-seater activity, awarding separate championship points to encourage participation from seasoned racers.[5] Participants like Nobuhiro Imada, a three-time series champion aged 59 in 2024, exemplify the category's focus on experienced competitors who may not contend in the main standings. In 2025, Imada continues in the class alongside drivers like Ryuji Kumita.[5] The series is open to drivers of all genders and nationalities, promoting diversity in Japanese motorsport; notable female participant Miki Koyama debuted in 2021, securing multiple top-10 finishes and underscoring inclusive pathways for underrepresented groups.[43]Championship Results
Drivers' Champions
The Super Formula Lights drivers' championship has been contested annually since the series' inception in 2020, serving as a key stepping stone for Japanese motorsport talent. Each season typically features 15 to 18 races across seven rounds, with points awarded based on finishing positions, poles, and fastest laps. The champions have demonstrated dominance through multiple victories, though no driver has yet secured more than one title in the series' short history.| Year | Champion | Team | Wins | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Ritomo Miyata | Corolla Chukyo Kuo Team TOM'S | 12 | 153 |
| 2021 | Teppei Natori | B-Max Racing Team | 6 | 109 |
| 2022 | Kazuto Kotaka | TOM'S | 8 | 117 |
| 2023 | Iori Kimura | B-Max Racing Team | 6 | 113 |
| 2024 | Syun Koide | B-Max Racing Team | 8 | 114 |
| 2025 | Yuto Nomura | B-Max Racing Team | 9 | 121 |
Teams' Champions
The Super Formula Lights teams' championship is determined by aggregating the points scored by a team's drivers across the season, with points awarded based on finishing positions, pole positions, and fastest laps from each team's best results. This system emphasizes collective performance, typically summing contributions from multiple cars to reward strategic depth and reliability. TOM'S has been a dominant force in the teams' standings since the series' inception in 2020, securing four championships in the first six seasons through consistent driver lineups and engineering prowess. The team's average of around 8-10 race wins per championship season underscores its operational strength, often powered by Toyota engines and Dallara chassis tuned for Japanese circuits. B-Max Racing has emerged as a strong rival, interrupting TOM'S run with titles in 2023 and 2025, capitalizing on strong individual performances to claim the crown with multiple victories and highlighting competition among squads.[51]| Year | Champion Team | Points | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Corolla Chukyo Kuo Team TOM'S | 137 | Inaugural season; relied on aggregate from top drivers' results. |
| 2021 | TOM'S | 102 | Narrow win over B-Max Racing (98 points); five wins contributed by Giuliano Alesi. |
| 2022 | TOM'S | 151 | Eight wins led by champion Kazuto Kotaka; solid mid-season consistency. |
| 2023 | B-Max Racing | 146 | Multiple race wins; marked a shift with Honda-backed drivers like Iori Kimura dominating.[52] |
| 2024 | TOM'S | 143 | Reclaimed title despite B-Max's drivers' champion; five wins from Rikuto Kobayashi and Seita Nonaka. |
| 2025 | B-Max Racing | 133 | Second title for B-Max; edged TOM'S (120 points) with balanced scoring, including champion Yuto Nomura's contributions. |
Masters Class Winners
The Masters Class in Super Formula Lights serves as a dedicated category for older, experienced drivers, enabling them to compete on equal footing without directly challenging the series' younger prospects in the overall standings. Revived alongside the rebranding from Japanese Formula 3 to Super Formula Lights in 2020, the class features separate qualifying sessions and a distinct points system, emphasizing driver skill and consistency over outright pace.[53] The class has seen dominant performances by veteran racers, with Nobuhiro Imada securing three consecutive titles from 2021 to 2023, showcasing the category's emphasis on longevity and precision in high-speed single-seater racing. In 2024, the series introduced a one-make TOM'S-spec engine based on the Toyota GR Yaris powertrain across all entries, promoting greater parity and reducing performance disparities that could affect Masters Class competitors.[54]| Year | Champion | Team | Points | Wins |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Ryuji "Dragon" Kumita | B-Max Engineering | 155 | 14 |
| 2021 | Nobuhiro Imada | B-Max Engineering | 156 | 12 |
| 2022 | Nobuhiro Imada | B-Max Racing Team | 159 | 10 |
| 2023 | Nobuhiro Imada | B-Max Racing Team | 150 | 11 |
| 2024 | Ryuji "Dragon" Kumita | Team Dragon | 152 | 9 |
| 2025 | Yasuhiro Shimizu | JMS Racing Team | 113 | 7 |