Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Vapi

Vapi is a prominent industrial city and municipal corporation in the of southern , , situated on the banks of the Damanganga River. Covering an area of 72.15 square kilometers, it is the largest urban center in the district and a key node in the state's manufacturing economy, primarily driven by its expansive industrial estates that focus on chemicals, textiles, plastics, and cement production. Established as a notified area authority in 1968 to support rapid industrialization, Vapi evolved from a in the mid-1960s to a and then a on June 1, 1990, before being upgraded to a on January 1, 2025, through the merger of 11 surrounding villages that expanded its administrative boundaries. The city's strategic location, approximately 170 kilometers south of and 8 kilometers inland from the , facilitates connectivity via rail, road, and proximity to ports, enhancing its role as a and business hub. Bordered by the Kolak River to the north, and to the east and west, Vapi's geography also exposes it to seasonal risks from its rivers and occasional cyclones from the sea. As per the 2011 census, the of the former Vapi was 163,630, with estimates for the current reaching around 293,000 as of 2025, reflecting a of approximately 4,070 persons per square kilometer and significant growth fueled by industrial migration. The (GIDC) initiated the Vapi Industrial Estate in 1967, which has since expanded to encompass over 11.4 square kilometers and more than 2,100 units, making it one of Gujarat's most successful industrial zones and contributing to the region's economic vitality. The Vapi plays a crucial role in transporting industrial goods, underscoring the city's integration into national supply chains.

History

Etymology and early settlement

The name "Vapi" originates from the term vāpī (वापी), which denotes a or water reservoir essential for storing and accessing in arid regions. This etymology is rooted in ancient architectural and hydrological practices, where such structures were vital for community sustenance, as referenced in classical texts like the Hayaśīrṣapañcarātra, a Vaishnava Āgama scripture that discusses the construction and significance of wells (vāpī) alongside other water bodies like tanks and ponds. The term underscores the historical reliance on these ancient water management systems in the region's settlements, with "Vapi" evolving from references to a village centered around such a stepwell, known in some local historical contexts as Vapikagrama or "village of the ." Prior to the , Vapi existed as a modest rural settlement within the taluka of what is now , , under the influence of local chieftains who governed small agrarian territories. The area was part of a broader historic region, characterized by feudal landholding systems where chieftains oversaw village economies based on cultivation and activities. Early inhabitants included tribal groups such as the Bhils, Koknas, and Nayakas, who formed the majority of the rural and maintained a subsistence lifestyle tied to the land. Complementing these tribes were non-tribal landowning communities, notably the Anavil Brahmins, who bore the title of and acted as hereditary revenue collectors and farmers, managing estates under the chieftains' authority. The pre-industrial economy of Vapi revolved around , with , millet, and grass cultivation dominating the landscape, supported by rudimentary and forest resources. Archaeological evidence from surrounding sites, including pottery and tools indicative of and agrarian practices, suggests continuity in settlement patterns along fertile riverine zones, though specific Vapi artifacts remain anecdotal. The Damanganga River was pivotal in this context, serving as a primary water source that facilitated crop and village clustering on its northern banks, enabling a stable agrarian lifestyle amid the Sahyadri foothills. Local accounts describe how the river's seasonal flows influenced settlement locations, with communities building homes and stepwells in proximity to harness its resources for daily needs and farming.

Industrial development

Following India's independence, Vapi underwent a significant transformation from a predominantly agricultural area into a major industrial hub, driven by strategic government initiatives. In 1967, the (GIDC) established the Vapi Industrial Estate, marking the beginning of organized industrial growth in the region. This development was part of a broader plan to promote industrialization in southern , with the estate initially spanning phases that allocated land for manufacturing activities. The estate quickly attracted investments in chemical and pharmaceutical sectors due to its proximity to and favorable infrastructure, leading to the setup of numerous processing units focused on dyes, intermediates, and active pharmaceutical ingredients. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed rapid expansion of small-scale industries within the Vapi Industrial Estate, fueling and population influx from surrounding rural areas. The number of industrial units surged from 176 in to over 400 by 1980, with continued growth through the mid-1980s, as ancillary units supported larger chemical operations. This proliferation transformed Vapi into Asia's largest cluster of small-scale industries, encompassing over 3,000 units across 1,117 hectares by the late , emphasizing light manufacturing and effluent-intensive processes. accelerated as migrant workers settled in the area, shifting the local economy from farming to industry-dependent livelihoods and expanding residential zones around the estate. In a recent administrative milestone, on January 1, 2025, the government merged 11 surrounding villages—such as Balitha, Chharwada, and Morai—into the , effectively enlarging its boundaries to approximately 70 square kilometers. This expansion, notified under the Provincial , 1949, aims to streamline governance and infrastructure support for the burgeoning industrial activities, addressing challenges like and in the integrated area. The merger enhances the corporation's capacity to regulate industrial effluents and facilitate sustainable growth, aligning with state efforts to bolster economic corridors in .

Geography

Location and topography

Vapi is situated in the of southern , , at coordinates 20°22′18″N 72°54′18″E. The city lies approximately 28 km south of , the district headquarters, and 168 km north of , providing strategic connectivity along the coastal corridor. It is positioned about 7 km east of the coastline, near the delta of the , and is traversed by National Highway 48 (NH 48), which bisects the urban area and facilitates industrial and transport links. The governs an area of 72.15 km², with the city center at an average elevation of 27 meters above , characteristic of the low-lying coastal terrain. This positioning places Vapi within the broader coastal plain, a region of predominantly flat and gently undulating landforms formed by alluvial deposits and sedimentary rocks. The features expansive flat plains that extend westward toward the , ideal for large-scale industrial development due to their level surface and accessibility. To the east, the landscape transitions into slightly elevated undulating plains and higher plateau zones with scattered hills, part of the eastern escarpment of the district, which subtly influences the urban layout by confining expansion to the more developable western flats while reserving eastern peripheries for varied uses. These topographic variations, with minimal relief in the core area, support Vapi's role as a key industrial hub without significant natural barriers to infrastructure growth.

Climate and rivers

Vapi features a , marked by distinct seasonal patterns driven by its location in southern near the . The average annual temperature hovers around 26.5°C, with high levels persisting throughout the year due to coastal proximity, often exceeding 70%. Annual averages approximately 1403 mm (55 inches), predominantly occurring during the southwest season from to September, when heavy rains can account for over 80% of the total rainfall. Summers, spanning March to June, bring intense heat, with average high temperatures peaking at 34°C in May and occasional extremes reaching up to 39°C, contributing to a sweltering that tests local resilience. In contrast, winters from to offer mild relief, with average daytime highs of 25–30°C and nighttime lows dipping to 15–20°C, making the season comfortable for outdoor activities. The post-monsoon transition period in and sees moderating temperatures and reduced rainfall, bridging the wet and dry phases. The serves as the primary waterway bordering Vapi, originating from the and flowing westward through the region before emptying into the . Complementing it are smaller rivers such as the Kolak to the north, and the Dhobikhadi and Bhilkhadi, which weave through the city and its environs. These rivers play a vital role in the local , fostering ecological balance by replenishing and enabling for surrounding agricultural lands, particularly during the dry season. The area's relatively flat further aids the unimpeded flow of these water bodies.

Demographics

Population statistics

According to the 2011 Indian , Vapi's city population stood at 163,630, comprising 94,105 males and 69,525 females. This figure reflects the municipal limits at the time, with a of 739 females per 1,000 males. The city's was approximately 2,273 persons per square kilometer, calculated over an area of about 72 square kilometers. Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, Vapi experienced significant demographic expansion, with the population increasing from 71,406 to 163,630, representing a decadal growth rate of 129.3 percent driven largely by industrial . In January 2025, the government merged 11 surrounding villages into the , expanding its administrative boundaries and incorporating previously rural areas. This restructuring elevated the estimated municipal to around 451,000, while the core is projected at approximately 230,000, underscoring ongoing influx from industrial opportunities that has blurred urban-rural distinctions. The post-merger density has risen to about 6,250 persons per square kilometer, highlighting Vapi's transformation into a densely populated industrial hub.

Languages and religions

Vapi exhibits significant linguistic diversity reflective of its position as an industrial hub in , where serves as the official and predominant language spoken by the majority of the local population. functions as a , widely used in commercial transactions, administrative functions, and inter-community interactions, particularly among non-native residents. English is also prevalent in professional and educational settings, underscoring the city's integration into broader economic networks. The influx of migrant laborers to Vapi's industries has further enriched this linguistic landscape, introducing a multilingual workforce that includes speakers of from neighboring , as well as from southern states and among segments of the Muslim community. This diversity facilitates communication in diverse work environments but also highlights challenges in social cohesion within the urban-industrial setting. Religiously, Vapi's demographics as per the show as the dominant faith, practiced by 77.37% of the population, followed by at 18.37%. accounts for 3.11%, with smaller communities of (0.62%), (0.15%), Buddhists (0.13%), and others (0.05%) contributing to the overall pluralistic fabric. These affiliations influence community structures and cultural practices in the . The overall rate in Vapi stands at 89% according to the , surpassing the state average of 78.03% and the national average of approximately 74%, with male at 92.34% and female at 84.36%. This elevated level supports the industrial workforce's adaptability and shapes social dynamics by enabling better access to and employment opportunities amid the 's multicultural environment.

Government and administration

Municipal governance

Vapi's municipal governance has evolved significantly since its establishment as a Notified Area Authority in 1968, initially focused on managing the rapid industrialization spurred by the (GIDC) in the region. Prior to 2025, it operated as under the Municipalities , 1963, handling basic urban services for the notified industrial area but limited in scope and resources to address the expanding urban footprint. This status constrained comprehensive planning and infrastructure development amid Vapi's growth as a key hub in . On January 1, 2025, the government elevated Vapi to a full status through a decision, merging the existing Vapi with 11 surrounding village panchayats—Balitha, Salvav, Chiri, Chharwada, Chanod, Karvad, Namdha, Chandor, Morai, Vatar, and Kunta—to form the Vapi (VMC). The merger faced protests from residents of the included villages in January 2025, who raised concerns about increased taxation and changes to rural services. This expansion increased the corporation's jurisdiction to better accommodate the area's population surge and industrial demands, enabling enhanced resource allocation for sustainable urban management. The transition from a notified industrial area to a was driven by the need for stronger administrative autonomy to regulate growth and mitigate environmental challenges in this densely industrialized zone. The VMC operates under a standard municipal corporation framework as per the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949, featuring an elected general council of corporators representing wards, from which a mayor is elected as the ceremonial head. A municipal commissioner, appointed by the state government, serves as the chief executive officer responsible for day-to-day administration. The corporation falls under the oversight of the Valsad district collectorate, ensuring alignment with state policies on urban development. Key functions encompass urban planning, including the approval of town planning schemes, and industrial regulation to balance economic activity with public welfare, such as zoning for GIDC estates and pollution control measures. Initially, an administrator was appointed for one year to oversee the transition, with ward delimitation completed in July 2025 to prepare for elections thereafter. This upgraded structure has facilitated improved coordination for civic services delivery across the expanded area.

Civic services

Vapi's water supply primarily draws from the Damanganga River, where a has been constructed to facilitate extraction for both domestic and industrial needs. The oversees treatment plants that process into potable supply, supporting a domestic consumption of about 25 million liters per day (MLD) in the core municipal area as of pre-2025 estimates. Industrial estates under the (GIDC) consume significantly more, with an overall outflow exceeding 113 MLD, highlighting the city's heavy reliance on river-based resources. Electricity distribution in Vapi is managed by Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Limited (DGVCL), a wholly owned of Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited (GUVNL), ensuring reliable power to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors across the region. GUVNL coordinates procurement and transmission statewide, supporting Vapi's energy demands amid its industrial prominence. Waste management in Vapi encompasses distinct systems for industrial and municipal waste. The GIDC oversees industrial facilities, including handling by Vapi Green Enviro Limited (VGEL) and solid waste processing through Vapi Waste & Effluent Management Company Limited (VWEMCL), which operate common treatment plants near the Damanganga River. Following the upgrade to municipal corporation status on January 1, 2025, the has intensified efforts, allocating ₹14 to hire 600 personnel for solid and disposal, aiming to enhance urban cleanliness in the expanded jurisdiction. Public healthcare services are anchored by the Civil Hospital Vapi, a under the Valsad district administration that provides essential medical care, including outpatient and inpatient facilities. services, such as ambulance and fire response, are integrated with municipal operations through the Vapi Municipal Corporation's fire brigade and coordination with health authorities, ensuring rapid intervention for accidents and health crises.

Economy

Key industries

Vapi's economy is primarily driven by its robust sector, with the chemical and pharmaceutical industries forming the cornerstone. The (GIDC) estates in the city host approximately 600 units in the chemical cluster and around 130 pharmaceutical manufacturers, focusing on the production of dyes, chemical intermediates, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (). Notable companies such as Aarti Industries maintain significant operations in Vapi, manufacturing specialty chemicals, derivatives, and intermediates essential for dyes, pigments, and pharmaceutical applications. These industries benefit from the city's strategic location near major ports and raw material sources, enabling efficient supply chains for bulk drug production and fine chemicals. In addition to chemicals and pharmaceuticals, Vapi supports a diverse array of other sectors, including , , and plastics. The involves processing and weaving units that produce synthetic fabrics and , while firms specialize in fabrication and machinery components for industrial use. Plastics is prominent, with units producing molded products, pipes, and packaging materials from polymers like and . Vapi is recognized as Asia's largest small-scale industrial cluster, characterized by a high concentration of micro, (MSMEs) that contribute to its dynamic ecosystem. The industrial is anchored by three primary GIDC estates—Vapi 1, Vapi 2, and Vapi 3—spanning approximately 11.4 square kilometers and developed in phases beginning in the to promote organized industrialization. The first phase, established in 1968, initially accommodated around 30 units, primarily technocrat-led chemical ventures, with subsequent phases expanding to support over 2,100 total industries today, the majority being small-scale operations. These estates provide essential like , , and effluent facilities, facilitating the of Vapi's small-scale . Vapi plays a key role in Gujarat's chemical exports, which accounted for 46% of India's total in FY 2024-25.

Economic indicators

As of 2020, Vapi's estimated GDP per capita was $11.4 thousand, based on assessments highlighting its industrial prominence within . This metric underscores the city's economic vitality, with Vapi serving as a major industrial center in through its robust sector. As of 2020, employment in Vapi was heavily oriented toward , with about 40% of the workforce engaged in activities, supporting a total labor force of roughly 92,300 workers. The unemployment rate in was 4.9% in 2024, with Vapi benefiting from abundant industrial job opportunities in chemicals, textiles, and related fields. Post-2010, Vapi has experienced annual industrial output growth of 8-10%, largely propelled by exports in the chemical sector, which account for over 50% of local production. This expansion aligns with Gujarat's broader chemical export dominance, where the state contributes nearly 46% to India's total chemical exports as of FY 2024-25, with Vapi serving as a critical hub.

Transport

Road and rail connectivity

Vapi benefits from robust road infrastructure, primarily through National Highway 48 (NH-48), a major artery of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor that passes directly through the city, enabling seamless connectivity to key economic hubs in and . This highway facilitates the efficient movement of goods and passengers, supporting Vapi's role as an industrial gateway. Additionally, National Highway 848A branches from NH-48 near Vapi, providing direct links to nearby regions such as , , and Daman in the of and . The city's rail network is anchored by , a significant stop on the and the Mumbai-Ahmedabad main line operated by Western Railway, which sees numerous daily trains including express services like the Ahmedabad-Mumbai . This station handles both passenger and freight traffic, connecting Vapi to major destinations across . Furthermore, a dedicated station is under construction at Vapi as part of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor, positioned as the fifth station on the 508 km route; as of November 2025, construction is ongoing with partial operations, including the Vapi-Surat stretch, expected by August 2027. These transport links enhance Vapi's regional integration, with the drive to spanning approximately 180 km and taking about 3 to 4 hours under normal conditions, thereby supporting daily commutes and freight logistics for its industrial base.

Public transport options

Public transport in Vapi primarily relies on auto-rickshaws and shared taxis for short intra-city trips, supplemented by limited local bus services operated by the (GSRTC). Auto-rickshaws are ubiquitous, providing flexible access to residential zones, industrial areas like GIDC, and key markets with metered fares as per local regulations. App-based ride-hailing services such as and are operational, offering convenient options for both short rides and slightly longer intra-city journeys, with 24/7 availability and upfront pricing. GSRTC provides local bus services departing from Vapi Bus Depot, connecting residential and industrial sectors within the city and to nearby areas, though routes are more focused on short-distance regional links rather than extensive intra-city coverage. These buses help workers commute between key points like and GIDC estates, operating on fixed schedules with affordable fares for local trips. Daman Airport, approximately 15 km away and primarily used for operations, is accessible via road, with potential for future improved connectivity through regional transport links.

Education

Primary and secondary education

Primary and secondary education in Vapi encompasses a range of government and private institutions serving a significant number of students at the K-12 level, with a focus on accessible education for children of the city's large industrial workforce. Government schools under the Gujarat Education Department include Zilla Parishad-managed primary schools that provide free and compulsory education up to Class 8 in line with the Right to Education Act. These schools, such as the Government Primary School in Sector 20 and Government Secondary School in Atul, emphasize basic literacy and numeracy while implementing the Mid Day Meal scheme to combat malnutrition and boost enrollment among underprivileged students, including those from migrant industrial families. Private schools offer diverse mediums of instruction, with English-medium options like Ryan International School (affiliated to CBSE) and providing modern curricula and facilities for holistic development. Gujarati-medium alternatives, alongside institutions such as St. Francis High School and Vapi Public School (an unaided co-educational setup), cater to local needs with extracurricular programs tailored to the industrial community's children. Schools like Sandra Shroff Gnyan Dham, situated in the Vapi Industrial Estate, specifically support education for workers' families through value-based learning and community outreach. Many graduates from these primary and secondary schools transition to nearby institutions for further studies.

Higher education institutions

Vapi hosts several institutions that cater to undergraduate and diploma-level programs, primarily affiliated with (VNSGU) and (GTU). Rajju Shroff ROFEL University, established in 2023 as a state , offers programs in , , , , and , integrating local economic perspectives. The Government Science College, established in 2016 as a public institution, offers a (B.Sc.) program in various streams, focusing on foundational knowledge in subjects like physics, chemistry, and to prepare students for careers in and . Similarly, R.K. Desai Science College provides B.Sc. degrees with an emphasis on practical , serving as a key center for in the region. For and , the Smt. C.D. Jhobalia ROFEL Arts and Smt. I.S.R. Achchhariwala ROFEL Commerce College delivers undergraduate programs in and , integrating local economic perspectives into the curriculum. Engineering diploma programs are available at Laxmi Institute of Technology in nearby Sarigam, which offers three-year diplomas in , civil, electrical, and automobile engineering, equipping students with technical skills aligned to Vapi's manufacturing sector. Specialized institutions like Plastindia International University provide B.Tech. degrees in plastics and , directly addressing the chemical and polymer industries dominant in Vapi's . Vocational training is prominent through the Kaushik Haria Industrial Training Institute (ITI), a facility that offers certificate courses in trades such as fitter, , and and programming assistant (COPA), with a strong focus on industrial skills in mechanics and chemical-related processes. Many of these institutions, including ROFEL-affiliated colleges, hold affiliations with GTU for technical and management programs, ensuring curricula meet industry standards. Collectively, these institutions enroll thousands of students annually, with facilities emphasizing modern laboratories, industry partnerships, and skill-oriented courses tailored to Vapi's chemical and economy, such as hands-on training in processing and mechanical fabrication. For instance, Plastindia International University features state-of-the-art labs and collaborations with global partners like the for sustainable plastics education.

Culture

Religious sites and festivals

Vapi hosts several prominent religious sites that cater to its diverse communities. The Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple in Tambadi is a revered Hindu site featuring a five-faced idol of Lord Hanuman, symbolizing protection in the cardinal directions and attracting devotees for prayers and rituals. The Shri Digamber Jain Mandir in Chala stands out for its elegant architecture, including serene brown-colored structures and well-maintained interiors that provide a peaceful space for worship, as a notable Digambar Jain temple in the city. Masjid-e-Noor serves as a key mosque for the local Muslim community, facilitating daily prayers and congregational activities. Major festivals in Vapi blend traditional observances with community participation, reflecting the city's cultural vibrancy. Navratri is celebrated exuberantly with Garba and Dandiya dances over nine nights, often extending to ten in local events that foster social unity. Diwali brings families together for and the lighting of diyas, marking the triumph of light over darkness through feasting and fireworks. and are observed by the Muslim population with special prayers at mosques like Masjid-e-Noor, followed by communal meals and charity. Vapi's industrial landscape influences festival celebrations, particularly in the GIDC areas, where community events adapt traditions to include workers and residents, such as multi-night Garba sessions at venues like Rofel College to accommodate shift schedules. The Jain influence is evident in the annual Paryushan Parva, a period of , , and forgiveness observed by the community, which comprised approximately 3.11% of the population as per the 2011 census, promoting introspection amid the city's bustling environment.

Local traditions

Vapi's culinary traditions center on the Gujarati , a communal platter showcasing an array of vegetarian dishes such as (steamed fermented cakes), (a mixed ), and (spiced flatbreads), reflecting the region's agrarian roots and emphasis on balanced, flavorful meals. Proximity to the introduces subtle influences in coastal-adjacent eateries, where curries simmered in tangy spices complement the thali, though vegetarian fare remains predominant due to cultural preferences. In industrial worker hubs, street foods thrive as quick, affordable staples, including (crispy chickpea fritters) paired with (syrup-soaked sweets) and (steamed lentil snacks), often savored during breaks in bustling markets like those near the GIDC area. These offerings cater to the diverse workforce, blending simple, portable bites with bold Gujarati spices to sustain long shifts. Arts and crafts in Vapi highlight Garba, a lively circular dance performed in groups with rhythmic clapping and swirling movements, emblematic of communal joy and often showcased during seasonal celebrations. Drawing from tribal heritage among communities like the and Kokna, local handicrafts feature intricate on fabrics, , and mirror embellishments, creating vibrant textiles and accessories that preserve motifs of and daily life. Wood carvings and terracotta items also persist as traditional expressions of skill. Social customs emphasize community gatherings that unite residents across backgrounds, particularly in areas formed by the 2025 merger of 11 villages including Balitha and Salvav into the , fostering inclusive events like shared meals and folk performances. Post-industrialization, these practices blend tribal simplicity—such as cooperative farming rituals adapted to urban settings—with migrant influences from across , promoting harmony through everyday interactions in neighborhood assemblies and worker cooperatives.

Environment

Pollution challenges

Vapi, an industrial hub in , , faces severe primarily from chemical manufacturing plants, which release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as , , and trichloroethene into the atmosphere. These emissions contribute to elevated levels of , with annual average PM2.5 concentrations reaching 65.2 µg/m³ as of 2020, exceeding the World Health Organization's guideline of 5 µg/m³ by over 13 times. As of 2025, Vapi recorded 30 days of poor air quality in FY2025, indicating ongoing challenges. Trace elements like (), (), and lead () in PM10 samples from Vapi's industrial zones also surpass safe thresholds, posing inhalation risks. Water pollution in Vapi stems from industrial effluents discharged into the Damanganga River, contaminating it with including , , , lead, mercury, , and . Untreated from chemical plants contains extraordinarily high levels of these metals—for instance, at 16,500 µg/L and at 17,410 µg/L—far above natural river concentrations. in the area is similarly affected, with mercury levels reported at 96 times the WHO safety standards, impacting sources and agricultural . The river's sediments accumulate these pollutants, with reaching 659.1 mg/kg and lead 245.5 mg/kg, exacerbating long-term . These pollution sources have led to significant health challenges among Vapi's residents, with respiratory issues such as and prevalent due to chronic exposure to airborne VOCs and particulates. Cancer rates, particularly linked to and heavy metals like and , exceed national averages, as evidenced by excess cancer risk assessments showing values above the acceptable threshold of 1×10⁻⁶ for both adults and children via and pathways. Non-carcinogenic from also indicate elevated risks, with hazard indices greater than 1, contributing to broader effects like skin irritation and neurological conditions. The Damanganga's further amplifies these impacts by affecting and crops consumed locally, leading to of toxins in the . In 2007, the Blacksmith Institute identified Vapi as one of the world's most polluted places due to these chemical and contaminants, affecting approximately 71,000 people. As of May 2025, a review reiterated Vapi as Gujarat's most polluted industrial cluster.

Environmental initiatives

Vapi has implemented several regulatory measures to address industrial pollution, primarily through the (GIDC) and oversight by the (CPCB). The GIDC oversees both common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) operated by Vapi Green Enviro Limited (VGEL) and dedicated treatment facilities for individual industries. Since the , the CPCB has conducted ambient air quality monitoring in Vapi, establishing six stations initially and expanding to nine by 2020 to track pollutants like and gases. These efforts include upgrades to the VGEL CETP, such as the installation of a spray dryer in 2019 and mechanical vapor recompression in 2021, alongside mandatory online monitoring systems for effluents implemented by 2020. Post-2015, zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) mandates have been enforced for industries in Vapi, requiring complete recycling of treated wastewater to eliminate liquid effluents into the Damanganga River. This policy, driven by CPCB and Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) directives, includes prohibitions on use in effluent treatment plants by 2020 and the development of multi-effect evaporators for concentrate management. Despite these measures, as of July 2025, the Damanganga River stretch from Vapi to remains classified as Priority IV by the National Mission for Clean Ganga, with ongoing concerns over industrial effluents from 519 units. Green projects complement these regulations, with the Vapi Municipal Corporation and GIDC leading drives to enhance green cover. For instance, the Vapi Industries Association (VIA) targeted an increase in coverage to 40% from 33% by 2020, planting thousands of trees across industrial zones to mitigate and improve . Community and non-governmental organization (NGO) involvement has been pivotal in raising awareness and supporting compliance. The VIA, functioning as a key industry-led body, organizes campaigns such as cycle rallies on National Pollution Control Day and weekly water sampling to monitor river quality. These initiatives, in collaboration with GPCB, have contributed to measurable progress, including a approximately 20% reduction in the Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) score for Vapi from 85.3 in 2013 to 68.2 in 2016, reflecting improved environmental quality through sustained action plans. In 2018, the CEPI score was 66.00, classifying Vapi as severely polluted.

References

  1. [1]
    History - Vapi Municipal Corporation
    Vapi Municipal Corporation Desaiwad Road, Behind Police Station, Vapi - 396191, Gujarat, India. +91 260 2462803 | +91 260 2463378 · Fire Brigade ...
  2. [2]
    Notified Area Authority, Vapi
    This is the official website of Notified Area Authority, Vapi, set up under the Rules and Orders by Government of Gujarat under Gujarat Acts. About Us · How ...
  3. [3]
    [PDF] The Gujarat Government Gazette
    Jan 1, 2025 · Dave, IAS to be the Administrator of the Municipal. Corporation of the City of Vapi for the period of one year commencing from the 01st January, ...
  4. [4]
    Mumbai to Vapi - Multiple Options To Reach By Train, Cab, Bus
    Vapi is approximately 150+ kms from Mumbai. The fastest way to reach Vapi from Mumbai is by Train. It takes approximately 2 hours. The cheapest way to reach ...
  5. [5]
    About Vapi - MyVapi
    Vapi is a city and municipality in Valsad District in the state of Gujarat. It is situated on the banks of the Damanganga River and is the largest city in the ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  6. [6]
    Why Vapi is Emerging as a Business Hub in Gujarat - IQ Webtech
    May 15, 2025 · The Vapi GIDC estate houses over 2,100 industrial units spanning various sectors, including chemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and ...
  7. [7]
    Vapi, Vāpī, Vāpi, Vapī: 26 definitions - Wisdom Library
    Vāpī (वापी) refers to “wells”, as discussed in chapter 32 [=vāpī-kūpa-taḍāga-pratiṣṭhā] of the Saṃkarṣaṇa-Kāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣapañcarātra: an ancient...
  8. [8]
    Vapi - Jatland Wiki
    Oct 27, 2018 · Vapi (Hindi: वापी, Gujarati: વાપી) is a city in Valsad ... Origin of name. Vapi literally means a tank. Mention by Panini. Vapi ...
  9. [9]
    [PDF] From Farm to Factory
    The tribal tract of Vapi-Pardi-Valsad which was once predo- minantly a cluster of isolated tribal villages is now emerging as the most important industrial ...
  10. [10]
    [PDF] Economical uses of plants by tribals from Valsad district of Gujarat ...
    The forest areas all along the eastern boundary of Gujarat state are predominantly inhabited by a tribal population that counts to ca 14.0 % of the total ...
  11. [11]
    Anavil Brahman - Encyclopedia.com
    Anavil Brahmans are grhastha or "homeowner" Brahmans, which means they cannot perform priestly functions. They are traditionally landowners.Missing: Vapi Pardi
  12. [12]
    Anavils - An Endangered Community - Dr. Bharat Desai's Blog
    Apr 7, 2014 · It is considered to be the primary place of Anavil settlement in the region and Brahmins who resided here became famous as Anavil Brahmins (1932 ...
  13. [13]
    History | District Valsad, Government of Gujarat | India
    Parsee community spreed throughout India from sanjan with their famous religious place “Fire temple” at Udavada in Pardi taluka of Valsad district. There is an ...Missing: Vapi settlement
  14. [14]
    About Vapi, Facts and Figures of the City Vapi in Gujarat
    It was inhabited by several different tribes and communities. Historians relate that the major tribes who owned the region were Desai or the Anavil Bramhins.
  15. [15]
    Gujarat, India - :: WorstPolluted.org : Projects
    Vapi is a highly successful industrial estate in Gujarat, India. Developed by Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) during 1967, it is located in ...
  16. [16]
    In Vapi, can decades of damage be finally turned around?
    Oct 8, 2015 · Vapi has suffered decades of pollution from industrial growth, with air and water contamination, impacting fishing and rivers, and is ...Missing: lifestyle | Show results with:lifestyle
  17. [17]
    Vapi Chemicals Cluster (Gujarat) - SAMEEEKSHA
    The Vapi chemical cluster has over 300 large-scale and MSME units, of which about 277 units are presently operational. The majority of units (46%) produce dyes ...
  18. [18]
    Pieter Gorter, Small Industrialists, Big Ambitions - Sage Journals
    51-52). The Vapi industrial cluster grew rapidly during the latter part of the. 1970s and mid-1980s. The number of units grew from 176 in 1976 to 400 in 1980 ...
  19. [19]
  20. [20]
    Gujarat Hardlook: Work in progress as nine municipal corporations ...
    Feb 17, 2025 · The new Vapi municipal corporation will comprise the municipality and 11 villages ... – Development plan for the 11 merged villages. Navsari
  21. [21]
    New Vapi Municipal Corporation sets ambitious plans for cleaner ...
    Jan 11, 2025 · After becoming a municipal corporation, 11 villages around the city were included in the municipal limits. Earlier, these villages were not ...
  22. [22]
    Where is Vapi, Gujarat, India on Map Lat Long Coordinates
    Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 20.385181, 72.911453. Vapi is a small city located in the district of Valsad, which is the southernmost district of ...
  23. [23]
    Distance Between Vapi to Valsad - Yatra.com
    Distance between Vapi to Valsad by Road is, 27 Kms ; Distance between Vapi to Valsad by Flight is, 23 Kms ; Travel Time from Vapi to Valsad by Road is, 0:35 hrs.
  24. [24]
    Vapi - Wikipedia
    a city and Municipal Corporation [3] in Valsad district in the state of Gujarat, India. It is near the banks of the Daman Ganga River.
  25. [25]
    [PDF] groundwater brochure valsad district - CGWB
    In Valsad district, higher plateau and hill zones of eastern part constitute as recharge areas, which is underlain by Deccan trap basalt rocks. The discharge ...
  26. [26]
    Weather Vapi & temperature by month - Climate Data
    The temperature in this location is approximately 26.5 °C | 79.8 °F, as determined by statistical analysis. Approximately 1403 mm | 55.2 inch of rainfall occurs ...
  27. [27]
    Vapi Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Gujarat ...
    ... Vapi are 20.372 deg latitude, 72.905 deg longitude, and 98 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Vapi contains only modest variations in elevation ...
  28. [28]
    Vapi, Gujarat, India Weather Trends - MSN
    Weather overview of 74 years ; High temperature (°C). 39 ; Low temperature (°C). 30 ; Precipitation (mm). 84.36 ; Wind (km/h). 21.1.
  29. [29]
    List of Major Rivers in Gujarat, Check Now - Testbook
    Gujarat is a state located in western India and is home to several rivers. The major rivers of Gujarat are the Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada, Tapi, and Damanganga.
  30. [30]
    Geography of Vapi, Physical Features and Topography of Vapi
    Strategic Location of Vapi​​ The city has a good physical location. It lies on the banks of the river of Daman Ganga in the southern part of Gujarat.
  31. [31]
    Vapi City Population 2025 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population
    Population of Vapi city is 163630 as per official census report for 2011. Vapi city is situated in Gujarat State/UT ... 2023, 224,000, 0. 2024, 230,000, 0. 2025 ...
  32. [32]
    Vapi Population, Caste Data Valsad Gujarat - Census India
    The total population of Vapi is 163,630 out of which 94,105 are males and 69,525 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Vapi is 739. The population of ...Missing: 2023 | Show results with:2023<|control11|><|separator|>
  33. [33]
    Census: Population: Gujarat: Vapi | Economic Indicators - CEIC
    Census: Population: Gujarat: Vapi data was reported at 163,630.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 71,406.000 ...
  34. [34]
    Gujarat - Vapi Municipality City Population Census 2011-2025
    Population of Vapi Municipality City in 2011 was 163630. As per census 2011, literacy rate and sex ratio for Vapi was 89.00 % and 919 per 1000 males ...
  35. [35]
    Vapi, Gujarat | Vapi Map, Pros & Cons, Photos, Reviews ... - Housing
    The total population of Vapi is 163,630 out of which 94,105 are male and 69,525 are female. The official language of this place is Gujarati but people speak ...
  36. [36]
    Explore Vapi, Gujarat, India - Things To Do, Best time to Visit, How to ...
    The most commonly spoken languages in Vapi are: Gujarati: As Vapi is located in Gujarat, Gujarati is the primary language spoken by the local population.
  37. [37]
    Vapi, Gujarat, India - Travel Information, History, Story and Images
    District: Valsad ; State: Gujarat ; Country: India ; Languages Spoken: Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi and English ; Best Time To Visit: September To March.
  38. [38]
    Vapi Municipality | District Valsad, Government of Gujarat | India
    Oct 7, 2025 · Vapi Municipality, Desaiwad Road, Behind Police Station, Vapi - 396191, Email : vapimun[at]yahoo[dot]com, Phone : 02602463378, Website : https:// ...
  39. [39]
    Cabinet approved 9 New Municipal Corporations in Gujarat, latest ...
    Jan 1, 2025 · The Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel, has approved the formation of 9 new Municipal Corporations across the state.Missing: population | Show results with:population
  40. [40]
    Vapi, Anand among 9 municipalities given civic body status
    Jan 2, 2025 · The nine municipalities conferred with the municipal corporation status include Navsari, Vapi, Anand, Nadiad, Mehsana, Surendranagar/Vadhvan, Morbi, Porbandar/ ...
  41. [41]
    Gujarat Cabinet Approves 9 New Municipal Corporations ...
    Jan 1, 2025 · Gujarat Cabinet Approves 9 New Municipal Corporations Operational With Immediate Effect. January 01, 2025 ... Vapi Municipal Corporation.
  42. [42]
    Vapi gets its first-ever draft town planning scheme approved
    May 14, 2025 · The VMC came into existence in Jan 2025 and has now taken its first steps toward structured city planning.Following the approval of TP ...
  43. [43]
    Vapi Municipal Corporation
    Downloads. Forms · Budget · Contact Us. Welcome to. VAPI. Municipal Corporation. slide. PrimeMembers. Shri Yogesh Choudhary, IAS. Municipal Commissioner.Property Tax Payment · Coming Soon · History · Street LightsMissing: km2 | Show results with:km2
  44. [44]
    Administration in Vapi - VapiOnline.in
    The local administration of Vapi is managed by the Municipal Corporation. It is a prime civic body that comprises the Chief Officer or the President and several ...
  45. [45]
    [PDF] River Action Plans of Damanganga - Gujarat Pollution Control Board
    The action plan includes sewage utilization, groundwater recharging, flood plain management, maintaining E-flows, plantation, and biodiversity parks.
  46. [46]
    About Us - Notified Area Authority, Vapi
    Water Supply Services. With an overall outflow of 113.50 MLD (Million Liters Per Day), Vapi is one of the largest water consuming Industrial Estate. While ...Missing: civic 2025
  47. [47]
    Public Utilities | District Valsad, Government of Gujarat | India
    Oct 7, 2025 · K P TOWER SHOP NO 456 & 17,KOPERLI CHAR RASTA VAPI NEAR RAILWAY STATION (E) VAPI 396195 ... 02602373327. View All. Electricity. DGVCL, Valsad.
  48. [48]
    Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited
    GUVNL is an Indian government-owned company managing electricity procurement/sales, with 797.6 MW from hydroelectric projects and 20.7 GW conventional energy.
  49. [49]
    Vapi Green Enviro Limited
    VGEL provided the facility for collection, transport, storage and disposal of hazardous solid wastes at this site and a small incineration system was added in ...Common Solid Waste Plant · Common Effluent Treatment... · Contact · About VGELMissing: civic electricity healthcare
  50. [50]
    Useful Links - GIDC
    Vapi Waste & Management Co. Ltd (VWEMCL) ... VWEMCL was incorporated on 17th January 1997. It is non-equity - non profit entity registered under the Companies Act ...Missing: municipal merger
  51. [51]
    Vapi Municipal Corporation unveils its first budget | Surat News
    Feb 26, 2025 · Six hundred people will be hired for sanitation work and Rs 14 crore has been allocated for this. Three new town planning schemes spread over ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  52. [52]
    Vapi C.H.C. | District Valsad, Government of Gujarat | India
    Home · Public Utilities · Hospitals; Vapi C.H.C.. Print; Facebook · Twitter. Vapi C.H.C.. Vapi. Email : chcvapi[dot]health[dot]valsad[at]gmail[dot]com.Missing: emergency | Show results with:emergency
  53. [53]
    Junagadh Fire and Emergency Services (JFES)
    Vapi Municipal Corporation Desaiwad Road, Behind Police Station, Vapi - 396191, Gujarat, India. +91 260 2462803 | +91 260 2463378 · Fire Brigade: 0260 2460100 ...Missing: Civil Hospital
  54. [54]
    Ambulance Services in Vapi, Gujarat - Emergency - MyVapi
    Ambulance Services. Sun SAI Ambulance Service. Civil Hospital, Rum Vapi Road,; 9879000447. Ambulance Services ...Missing: healthcare municipal
  55. [55]
    Contact Us - Aarti Industries
    Our Locations · vapi. Aarti Industries Limited (Apple Organics Division), Plot No..-609/610, 100 Shed Area, GIDC, Vapi-396195, Dist. · Jhagadia. Aarti Industries ...
  56. [56]
    TEXTILE FABRICS - Vapi Industries Directory
    Products/Services: Leading Technical Textiles Fabric Manufacturer OF Filter Fabric, Filter Press Fabric and much more. viewadvertisement Digital Visiting Card.
  57. [57]
  58. [58]
    A Note on Vapi Industrial Estate - Asmechem
    Vapi GIDC (Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation) has completed 50 years recently. Out of the entire lot of industrial units, about 30 units had ...
  59. [59]
  60. [60]
    What is ⁨Vapi's⁩ economic composition? | Metroverse at the ...
    Vapi's largest sectors are Manufacturing (39.57% of employees) and Trade and transportation (29.79%), with Chemical Manufacturing at 10.67%.Missing: Gujarat trends
  61. [61]
    Economy | District Valsad, Government of Gujarat | India
    With over 300 medium and large scale industries, Vapi is a major industrial center in Valsad. One of Asia's largest Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) is ...
  62. [62]
    [PDF] Macro and Fiscal Landscape of the State of Gujarat - NITI Aayog
    Mar 21, 2025 · ➢ Gujarat's real GSDP has grown at an average rate of 8.5 percent during the period from 2012-13 to 2021-22, which is much higher than the ...Missing: Vapi | Show results with:Vapi
  63. [63]
    GSDP of Gujarat, Economic Growth Presentation and Reports | IBEF
    Gujarat's GSDP increased at a CAGR of 10.16% between FY16 and FY26BE. There are 13 major industry groups that together account for around 82.05% of total ...
  64. [64]
    Gujarat maintains lead in India's Chemical Exports
    May 9, 2025 · In FY 2024–25, the state contributed a significant 46.16% of the country's total chemical exports. Out of India's $28,699 million in total ...
  65. [65]
    Repairs underway at several points on NH-48 | Surat News
    Jul 14, 2025 · "We have begun repair work at various locations on national highways in South Gujarat, including NH48. The most damaged sections are being ...Missing: connectivity | Show results with:connectivity
  66. [66]
    NHAI to carry out major repairs on Surat-Vapi stretch of NH-48 post ...
    Aug 7, 2025 · NHAI to carry out major repairs on Surat-Vapi stretch of NH-48 post monsoon. August 07, 2025. Gujarat South Gujarat. Surat: ...Missing: connectivity | Show results with:connectivity
  67. [67]
    [PDF] Details-of-National-Highways-as-on-31.03_1.pdf
    The document lists National Highways with their new and old numbers, descriptions, states passed through, and length in km. For example, NH 1 connects Uri, ...Missing: connectivity | Show results with:connectivity
  68. [68]
    12010/Ahmedabad - Mumbai Central Shatabdi Express
    This is the Shortest Route between ADI and VAPI. Travel Time: 4h 14m 5 halts. Distance: 325 km Avg Speed: 77 km/hr. Max Permissible Speed ...
  69. [69]
    Vapi (VAPI) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry
    Trains from Vapi (Gujarat) ; MUMBAI CENTRAL - AHMEDABAD Passenger (59439), 16:51, 16:53 ; AHMEDABAD - MUMBAI CENTRAL Passenger (59440), 10:11, 10:13 ; VALSAD - ...
  70. [70]
    Vapi Bullet Train Station - NHSRCL
    The concept for the design of façade and interiors of Vapi Bullet Train Train station are representation of speed.
  71. [71]
    Bullet train project: Key milestones achieved at Gujarat's Vapi station
    Jun 3, 2025 · The full corridor is expected to be completed by 2028 and reduce travel time between Mumbai and Ahmedabad by almost half to under three hours.
  72. [72]
    Vapi to Mumbai - Multiple Options To Reach By Train, Bus, Cab
    Vapi to Mumbai. Mumbai is approximately 100+ kms from Vapi. The fastest way to reach Mumbai from Vapi is by Train. It takes approximately 3 hours.
  73. [73]
    Find the Distance from Mumbai to Vapi - Quick & Easy with zingbus
    Mumbai to Vapi distance is 177 km via road travel. It will take you 3h 42m to reach Vapi on a road trip. Is it safe to travel Vapi via Bus or Car?
  74. [74]
    Top Auto Rickshaw Services in Vapi - Justdial
    Rating 5.0 (1) The cost of an auto rickshaw ride in Vapi generally starts at around ?30 for the first kilometer and then approximately ?15-20 for each additional kilometer.
  75. [75]
    A Guide to Getting Around in Vapi - Uber
    Getting around with public transport is an affordable way to travel. Depending on the area, you can view nearby bus or subway routes with Uber Transit to help ...
  76. [76]
    Top Ola Cab Attachment Services in Vapi, Vapi near me - Justdial
    Popular Ola Cab Attachment Services in Vapi · OLA Cab Attachment · UBER Dost · Viyom Tours And Travels · The Taxi For Sure · V N Automobile · Siddhivinayak Cab.
  77. [77]
    GSRTC Local Bus Departing From Vapi Bus Depo. - YouTube
    Aug 11, 2025 · GSRTC Local Bus Departing From Vapi Bus Depo. Subscribed For More, Thank You SO Much for Watching. #bus #gsrtc #stbus #volvolovers #driver ...
  78. [78]
    Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC)
    Book online bus tickets across Gujarat, check schedules, fares, routes, and track buses in real-time. Providing safe, reliable and affordable public ...
  79. [79]
    Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
    While the UT lacks direct rail lines, integrated transport hubs are being developed near Vapi, with last-mile linkages and smart bus corridors connecting Daman- ...Missing: future | Show results with:future
  80. [80]
    [PDF] SIA REPORT LAND Acqusition for Extension of Airfield Facilities ...
    This report is about land acquisition for extending airfield facilities for the Indian Coast Guard in Daman, involving 16.203 acres of land.
  81. [81]
    20+ Schools in Vapi - Fees Structure & Courses 2025-26
    Rating 4.2 (4,665) Private schools typically impose annual tuition rates that range from Rs. 5,000 to over 1,00,000, in addition to additional charges for extracurricular ...
  82. [82]
    Top Government Schools in Vapi - Shuru App
    Affordable education: Government schools in Vapi often ask less than private schools. This ensures that a child's financial situation doesn't become a barrier ...
  83. [83]
    Mid Day Meal (MDM) - District Valsad, Gujarat
    it involves provision for free lunch on working days for children in primary & upper primary classes in government aided, local body school. Key Functions. To ...Missing: Vapi | Show results with:Vapi
  84. [84]
    [PDF] Commissionarte of Schools list of Government school for ...
    Commissionarte of Schools list of Government school for implmentation of Smart Learning. Page 2. Sr.No. District Name. Block Name. Village. School Name.
  85. [85]
    About | Best CBSE Schools in Vapi, Ryan International School, Koparli
    Ryan International School, Vapi is the best CBSE schools in Vapi, the school inculcates core fundamental values in every student for their personal and ...
  86. [86]
    Best CBSE School in Vapi, Gujarat - Podar International School
    Looking for the best CBSE private school in Vapi, Gujarat? Podar International School aims for all-round development of your children.
  87. [87]
    St. Francis High School- Vapi
    St. Francis' High School is an English medium School recognised by the Department Of Education Gujarat State. It is managed and run by “St. Francis' Educational ...
  88. [88]
    SMT. SANDRABEN SHROFF GNYAN DHAM SCHOOL - Vapi
    SMT SANDRABEN SHROFF GNYAN DHAM SCHOOL, located in the heart of Vapi Industrial Estate, is a leading beacon of academic excellence, value-based learning, and ...
  89. [89]
    Science Colleges in Vapi - Courses, Fees, Admissions 2025, Cutoff ...
    There are 2 science colleges in Vapi: R.K Desai Science College (private) and Government Science College, Vapi (public).Missing: PT Reddy
  90. [90]
  91. [91]
    Top Colleges in Vapi 2025 - Jagran Josh
    Hajiyani Shamimbanu Mehmudkhan Pathan Modern Girls Commerce College (HSMPMGCC), Vapi · ROFEL G.M. · KBS Commerce and Nataraj Professional Sciences College, Vapi.
  92. [92]
    Laxmi Institute of Technology: Courses, Fees, Admission 2025 ...
    Rating 3.6 (40) Laxmi Institute of Technology has specializations such as After 10th Diploma specializations in Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical ...After 10th Diploma · Placement · Fees 2025 · Search college cut-offs
  93. [93]
    Best Engineering Colleges in India: Vapi Gurjarat | Plast India
    Plastindia International University (PIU)is one of the best engineering colleges vapi gujarat, india. Explore AICTE Approved B.Techin Plastics and Polymer ...Missing: higher | Show results with:higher
  94. [94]
    KAUSHIK HARIA EDUCATION TRUST (WORKING AS SF) PRIVATE ...
    May 28, 2025 · Address: GIA ITI, KAUSHIK HARIA (VAPI) , CHANOD COLONY NAKA,SELVASA ROAD G.I.D.C. VAPI , G.I.D.C. VAPI, -1, Gujarat ; Pin Code: 396195 ; ITI code: ...
  95. [95]
    institute details - Gujarat Technological University
    INSTITUTE DETAILS ; MB, 5, SFI, 716, GIDC RAJJU SHROFF ROFEL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, VAPI ; MB, 2, SFI, 717, GOLDEN JUBILEE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  96. [96]
    Colleges in Vapi - Reviews, Fees, Ranks & Admissions of ... - Shiksha
    Colleges in Vapi · Parsons School of Design, Online Executive Programs (Talentedge) · Plastindia International University · ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of ...
  97. [97]
    The Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple in Tambadi, Vapi, Gujarat ...
    Jun 29, 2024 · The Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple in Tambadi, Vapi, Gujarat, features the powerful Panchmukhi Hanuman. His five faces represent the cardinal directions.
  98. [98]
    Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Chala, Vapi,Valsad,Gujarat - MyAdhyatm
    It's beautifully architect and maintained only digamber jain temple in Vapi. Very peace full jain temple and nice browne coloure. The only digambar jain ...
  99. [99]
    Mosques in Dungri, Vapi - Page 3 - Justdial
    Rating 4.2 (18) Shia Masjid Vapi · Varkund Masjid · Alfalah Masjid · Noorani Masjid · Raza ... Masjed E Noor · Jama Masjid · Haya Matching Center · Markaz Waali Masjid · Masjid E ...
  100. [100]
    Culture of Vapi, Festivals in Vapi, Cultural Dance and Music Vapi
    Navratri Mahotsav is eminent with Dandiya and Garba dances. Rath Yatra is celebrated with much pomp and show. Other religious festivals are Holi, Vasant Utsav, ...
  101. [101]
    2025 Diwali Puja, Deepavali Puja Calendar for Vapi, Gujarat, India
    The new moon day, which is known as Amavasya, is the most significant day of five days Diwali festivities and known as Lakshmi Puja, Lakshmi-Ganesh Puja and ...
  102. [102]
    Vapi's biggest Navratri festival is here! Sun Creators presents Rotary ...
    Sep 21, 2025 · Live at THANGANAT 2025 Rofel College, GIDC Vapi 22 Sept – 1 Oct 10 Nights • Full House • Infinite Vibes If this gave you goosebumps ...Missing: community | Show results with:community<|separator|>
  103. [103]
    Paryushan Parv 2025: Festival that teaches simplicity, peace, and ...
    Aug 21, 2025 · Paryushan, Jainism's most important festival, emphasizes silence, fasting, and forgiveness. It's a time for introspection and spiritual ...
  104. [104]
    Vapi, Gujarat, India - Typical Dish
    The cuisine of Vapi is predominantly vegetarian and is known for its spiciness and variety. Undhiyu, dhokla, fafda, and jalebi are some of the popular dishes in ...
  105. [105]
    Top 10 Foods to Try in Vapi - Gujarat Orbit
    Sep 19, 2025 · Top 10 Foods to Try in Vapi ; 1. Dhokla · Steamed, spongy gram flour cake with mild tangy-sweet flavor. ; 2. Khaman · Soft, fluffy besan snack, ...
  106. [106]
    Best Sea Food Restaurants in Vapi - Justdial
    Rating 4.0 (1,813) Some of the most beloved seafood dishes include: Fish Curry - A staple in many coastal regions, this dish features fish simmered in a spicy and tangy curry.
  107. [107]
    THE 10 BEST Restaurants in Vapi (Updated November 2025)
    Restaurants in Vapi · 1. Avadh Utopia Vapi Restaurant. 4.4. (17 reviews) · 2. Toral Dining Hall. 4.3. (100 reviews) · 3. Zodiac - Multicuisine Restaurant. 4.7. ( ...
  108. [108]
    Promoting the tribal culture! Vapi Women's Club exhibits aesthetic ...
    Apr 12, 2021 · One of the occasions for the Adivasis to exhibit their aesthetic sense is a traditional wedding which unfolds the moment of joy for 'prakriti' ...
  109. [109]
    Vapi Air Quality Index (AQI) and India Air Pollution | IQAir
    Vapi Air Quality Index (AQI) is now Unhealthy. Get real-time, historical and forecast PM2.5 and weather data. Read the air pollution in Vapi, India with...
  110. [110]
    Human health risk assessment of trace elements in PM10 for ...
    Jun 18, 2023 · The present study examines human exposure to Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) and analyses potential health concerns in the industrial zones of Ankleshwar and Vapi ...Missing: respiratory Damanganga
  111. [111]
    [PDF] The World's Worst Polluted Places - Greencross.ch
    Sep 12, 2007 · Mercury in Vapi's groundwater is reported to be 96 times higher than WHO health standards. Effluents drain directly into the Damanganga and ...
  112. [112]
    None
    ### Key Findings on Pollution in Vapi: Air and Water, VOCs, Heavy Metals, Health Impacts, Damanganga River, Specific Metrics
  113. [113]
    [PDF] CEPI ACTION PLAN VAPI - CPCB
    The CEPI action plan in Vapi includes CETP upgrades, new spray dryers, treated effluent disposal, online monitoring, and fresh water consumption reduction.Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives
  114. [114]
    Zero Liquid Discharge Implementation in India - SUSBIO
    Oct 8, 2025 · India introduced specific ZLD guidelines for textile, tanneries, distilleries, and pulp & paper industries in 2015. The national mandate ...
  115. [115]
    How Gujarat's 'Model Govt' is Handling Industrial Pollution - NewsClick
    Dec 11, 2017 · But, in October 2016, monitoring by CPCB showed up a new situation: Vapi's CEPI score has fallen from 85.3 (in 2013) to 68.2, Ankleswar's from ...
  116. [116]
    Industrial Environmental Improvement Drive | SIA Toolbox
    In 2016 it was organised by the Vapi Industries Association together with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, the Gujarat Industrial Development ...