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Veronica

Veronica may refer to a female of Latin origin, derived from "vera icon" meaning "true image," associated with in Christian tradition who, according to legend, wiped the face of with a cloth. It is also the name of a of flowering plants in the family , commonly known as speedwells. For other uses, including people, arts and media, botany details, and miscellaneous, see the respective sections below.

Given name

Etymology and origin

The name Veronica originates from the ancient Macedonian name Berenice (Greek: Βερενίκη or Berenikē), a compound of the Greek words pherō (φέρω, "to bring" or "to bear") and nikē (νίκη, "victory"), thus meaning "bringer of victory" or "bearer of victory." This form evolved into the Latin Berenice during the Hellenistic period and was later adapted in early Christian contexts. In Latin, the name underwent alteration to Veronica, influenced by the ecclesiastical phrase vera icon ("true image"), during the early Christian era. This linguistic shift is tied to the apocryphal legend of Saint Veronica, a figure said to have wiped the face of Jesus with a cloth during his journey to Calvary, resulting in an imprinted image of his face on the fabric, known as the Veil of Veronica. The name Veronica in its modern form first appears in historical texts in the 13th century, notably in the (Legenda aurea), a compilation of saints' lives by , where the saint is explicitly named and her story is detailed. By the late Middle Ages, the name had gained popularity across , spreading through hagiographic literature and religious devotion to the saint. Variants reflecting regional linguistic adaptations include Veronika (used in German, Czech, and Hungarian contexts), Verónica (Spanish and Portuguese), and Weronika (Polish and other Slavic languages).

Usage and popularity

The name Veronica experienced notable popularity in English-speaking countries during the mid-20th century, particularly peaking in the at rank #39 in the United States according to data, before stabilizing in the top 100 through the and with ranks between #70 and #115. This era of prominence aligned with broader trends favoring classic names with historical depth, though earlier usage in the and remained more modest, hovering around ranks #177 to #192. In recent decades, its standing has gradually declined; by 2024, Veronica ranked #392 in the US with 0.045% usage among girls, marking a slight uptick from #410 in 2023 but continuing an overall downward trajectory from its 20th-century highs. Globally, Veronica maintains strong presence in regions with Catholic heritage, including variations like Verónica in Spanish-speaking countries. In , it is one of the most prevalent female names, borne by approximately 513,000 people, reflecting stable usage in where cultural ties to Christian traditions sustain its appeal. In , while more common among older generations, it remains a recognizable choice in contexts with Catholic heritage, though not among the top names for recent newborns. Italy presents a contrasting trend, with Veronica peaking at #34 in 1999 (0.663% usage) before declining to #143 in 2023 (0.094%), though it remains a recognizable choice in Mediterranean contexts. Rooted in its etymological connection to the Latin vera icon ("true image"), Veronica carries cultural associations of faith, compassion, and strength in Christian traditions, particularly through the legend of , evoking resilience and piety. Demographically, it shows higher incidence among Hispanic-origin families in the (44.3% of bearers), often linked to Catholic naming practices that honor saints and virtues. In modern contexts, Veronica appeals as a vintage yet edgy alternative to names like , blending sophistication with a bold, independent vibe suitable for contemporary parents seeking timeless options. As of 2025, trends indicate steady rather than surging popularity, with no major celebrity influences driving a notable uptick in recent births.

People

Historical figures

Saint Veronica, a figure from 1st-century , is depicted as a compassionate woman of who encountered on his way to and offered him her veil to wipe the sweat and blood from his face, resulting in the miraculous imprint of his image on the cloth, known as the . This account originates from apocryphal texts, such as the Acts of Pilate, and while not mentioned in canonical Gospels, she is identified in some traditions with the woman healed of a hemorrhage in . Venerated as a saint in the , her story symbolizes acts of mercy and devotion, and she is honored with a feast day on July 12, though she is not included in the . Veronica Franco (1546–1591) was a prominent , , and intellectual who navigated the complexities of society through her literary output and social connections with nobility and scholars. Born into a family of courtesans, she received an education typically reserved for men, enabling her to engage in intellectual and defend the of courtesans against misogynistic critiques. In 1575, she published Terze rime, a collection featuring 18 capitoli ( poems) by her, including defenses of women's virtue and autonomy that challenged prevailing gender norms by asserting female agency in love and intellect. Her interactions with figures like during his 1574 visit to highlighted her role as a cultural intermediary, blending , , and to elevate the courtesan's . Veronica Gambara (1485–1550) was an Italian noblewoman, poet, and regent of the County of Correggio, whose literary and political activities exemplified the intersection of and governance. Married to Ghiberto da Correggio in 1508, she assumed control of Correggio after his death in 1518, diplomatically managing alliances amid by corresponding with popes, emperors, and condottieri. Her poetry, circulated in and posthumously published in 1553, includes over 80 sonnets and canzoni praising for her husband, alongside political verses addressing contemporary events like the 1527 , blending personal emotion with civic commentary. Admired by and other humanists, Gambara's work contributed to the era's Petrarchan tradition while asserting female perspectives on love, faith, and power.

Modern entertainers

Veronica Lake (1922–1973) was an American actress renowned for her femme fatale roles in 1940s film noir, including The Blue Dahlia (1946) alongside Alan Ladd and Pitfall (1948) with Dick Powell. Her breakout film, I Wanted Wings (1941), showcased her sultry presence and introduced her signature peekaboo hairstyle—a cascade of blonde waves partially obscuring one eye—which became a defining element of her on-screen allure and profoundly influenced 1940s women's fashion trends. This look, often paired with her icy detachment, solidified Lake's status as a Hollywood icon during the era. Veronica Cartwright (born 1949), a British-American actress, gained prominence through horror classics such as her role as Cathy Brenner in Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (1963) and as navigator Lambert in Ridley Scott's (1979). Her television career earned her three Primetime Emmy nominations for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series: in 1997 for portraying Norma on , and in 1998 and 1999 for Cassandra Spender on . These accolades highlighted her versatility in dramatic roles, blending vulnerability with intensity across both film and episodic formats. Veronica Maggio (born 1981) is a singer whose music fuses pop and elements, drawing from soulful influences to create introspective tracks about relationships and personal growth. Her second album, Och jag längtar efter dig (2005), marked an early commercial breakthrough, featuring hits that established her melodic style and emotional depth. Maggio continued to dominate charts into the 2020s, with earlier hits like "" and "Välkommen in" from her 2011 album Satan i gatan re-entering the charts in 2024; her 2022 album Och som vanligt händer det något hemskt sustained her popularity through strong streaming and performances. Veronica Roth (born 1988) is an American author whose young adult dystopian trilogy—Divergent (2011), Insurgent (2012), and Allegiant (2013)—has sold over 35 million copies worldwide, captivating readers with its exploration of identity, choice, and societal division in a faction-based future Chicago. The series delves into themes of self-discovery and rebellion against rigid social structures, as protagonist Tris Prior navigates her "Divergent" nature that defies categorization, challenging readers to question conformity and personal agency. Verónica Echegui (1983–2025), a , earned acclaim for her dynamic performances in contemporary dramas tackling ethical and personal dilemmas. In the 2024 science fiction Justicia artificial (Artificial Justice), she portrayed Judge Carmen Costa, a pivotal figure in a near-future society where threatens to replace human judges, raising profound social issues around , depoliticization of justice, and the erosion of human empathy in legal systems. Her role in the 2025 Apple TV+ series Love You to Death (A muerte) further showcased her range as Marta, a free-spirited pregnant woman reconnecting with a terminally ill former classmate, addressing themes of unexpected love, , motherhood, and the fragility of life amid personal crises.

Other professionals

Veronica Guerin (1959–1996) was an Irish investigative journalist renowned for her fearless reporting on in . Working primarily for the Sunday Independent, she exposed the operations of drug syndicates and criminal gangs, often confronting figures directly despite personal threats and assaults. Her murder on June 26, 1996, by gunmen on a while stopped at a , shocked and prompted significant legislative reforms, including the establishment of the and the Proceeds of Crime Act 1996, which enabled asset seizures from criminals and bolstered anti-corruption efforts. Guerin's legacy endures as a symbol of journalistic integrity, influencing global discussions on press freedom and the risks faced by reporters covering crime. Veronica Webb (born 1965) is an American model, writer, and activist who broke barriers in the fashion industry as one of the first Black supermodels to achieve widespread recognition. Hailing from Detroit, she signed an exclusive contract with Revlon in 1992, becoming the first African American model to secure such a major cosmetics deal, and appeared on covers of prominent magazines including Vogue and Elle. Beyond modeling, Webb has advocated for diversity and inclusion in fashion, using her platform to address racial inequities and support emerging talents from underrepresented communities. Her multifaceted career also includes writing for outlets like Paper magazine and hosting television segments, contributing to broader cultural conversations on representation. Veronica Cotdemiey is a prominent immigration expert specializing in investment migration programs, recognized for her innovative policy contributions to global mobility frameworks. As co-founder of Citizenship Invest, she developed residency-by-investment options that facilitated secure pathways for high-net-worth individuals amid evolving international regulations. In 2024, she was named the Investment Migration Insider (IMI) for her transformative work in the field, including the successful $31 million sale of her company, which advanced standards in ethical practices and cross-border policy integration. Her efforts have influenced discussions on sustainable models, emphasizing transparency and economic benefits for host nations. Veronica Burton (born 2000) is an professional in the (WNBA), known for her defensive prowess as a guard. Drafted by the in 2022, she played for the before signing with the in June 2024, where she contributed to their playoff run, including appearances in the Eastern Conference Finals against the . Averaging 3.1 points, 1.9 assists, and 1.4 rebounds over 31 games that season, Burton's perimeter defense and energy off the bench helped bolster the Sun's backcourt depth during their deep postseason campaign. Following the 2024 season, she was selected by the Golden State Valkyries in the WNBA . In the 2025 season with the Valkyries, she averaged 11.9 points, 4.4 rebounds, and 6.0 assists per game, earning the WNBA Most Improved Player award and a selection to the All-Defensive Second Team.

Arts and media

Comics and literature

In comics, Veronica Lodge stands out as a central figure in the Archie Comics universe. Introduced in Pep Comics #26 in December 1941, she is the wealthy, fashionable daughter of industrialist Hiram Lodge and a key love interest for Archie Andrews, often rivaling Betty Cooper for his affections. Lodge's character embodies sophistication and materialism, frequently using her family's resources to navigate social dynamics in the fictional town of Riverdale, and she has appeared in over 600 issues of the flagship Archie series along with numerous spin-offs, including the long-running Betty and Veronica title that debuted in 1950. Another notable comic character is , a recurring antagonist in DC Comics' stories. Created by writer and artist , Cale first appeared in Wonder Woman (vol. 5) #1 in October 2016 as a brilliant but ruthless bio-engineer and CEO of Cale-Anderson Pharmaceuticals. Driven by resentment toward 's heroic ideal, Cale employs advanced technology and manipulation to challenge the , positioning herself as a modern corporate foe who blurs the lines between science and villainy in arcs exploring themes of power and identity. In literature, Veronica Sawyer serves as the in the satirical teen drama , originating from Daniel Waters' screenplay and adapted into a by J.D. Landis. A intelligent but initially overlooked high student at Westerburg High, Sawyer infiltrates the domineering clique led by the "Heathers" girls, only to become entangled in a series of escalating pranks and murders that critique social hierarchies, , and adolescent toxicity. The narrative highlights her moral ambiguity and growing disillusionment with popularity's dark underbelly. The Veronica Speedwell series by features another prominent literary Veronica, an intrepid Victorian-era adventuress and lepidopterist who solves mysteries alongside her partner, the taxidermist Revelstoke "Stoker" Templeton-Vane. Debuting in A Curious Beginning in 2015, Speedwell is portrayed as fiercely independent, scientifically curious, and unapologetically unconventional for her time, rejecting societal norms to pursue lepidoptery expeditions and unravel crimes involving , artifacts, and intrigue across nine novels to date. Her character emphasizes themes of empowerment, intellectual pursuit, and romantic tension within .

Film, radio, and television

is an American teen noir mystery drama television series created by Rob Thomas, which originally aired from 2004 to 2007 across and , following high school student Veronica Mars as she assists her father in solving crimes amid themes of class disparity and social injustice in the fictional town of , . The series stars in the title role and garnered critical acclaim for its sharp writing and character development, achieving a 92% approval rating on . It spawned a 2014 feature film sequel, directed by Thomas and funded through , which continued the story post-high school, and a fourth season revival on in 2019, focusing on adult Veronica tackling a bombing conspiracy. Veronica Guerin is a 2003 biographical crime film directed by , starring as the titular Irish investigative journalist who exposed and drug trafficking in during the 1990s, ultimately leading to her assassination in 1996. The film portrays Guerin's relentless pursuit of figures like gang leader , highlighting her personal risks and impact on Ireland's anti-crime efforts, and received mixed reviews but praise for Blanchett's performance, earning her a Golden Globe nomination. It draws from the real-life Guerin, a crime reporter whose work prompted legislative changes against . Radio Veronica was a pioneering Dutch offshore pirate radio station that broadcast from a ship anchored off the coast from April 21, 1960, to August 31, 1974, offering free-format pop and programming that bypassed state-controlled media and attracted millions of listeners across . Established by a of electronics retailers, it operated from vessels like the Borkum Riff lightship and influenced the format of commercial radio by emphasizing personalities and uninterrupted music, until forced off air by the Dutch Anti-Pirate Law. The station's legacy endures in modern broadcasting, with its name revived for legal outlets. In recent media, (2024) is an independent film depicting a woman's endurance of prolonged physical and emotional domestic within her , emphasizing themes of and hope for change, though details on its production and reception remain limited. Similarly, Veronika (2024) is a Swedish psychological crime thriller television series developed for SkyShowtime, centering on pill-addicted police officer Veronika Gren, played by , who experiences visions of unsolved crime victims, including a dead boy, compelling her to pursue justice while grappling with doubts about her sanity. The eight-episode series blends elements with investigative and premiered in March 2024. Depictions of , the legendary figure who wiped ' face during the Passion, appear in religious cinema, notably in Mel Gibson's (2004), where an unnamed woman performs the act, leaving an imprint of Christ's face on her veil—a scene drawn from Catholic tradition rather than biblical text, symbolizing compassion amid suffering. This portrayal underscores Veronica's role as a compassionate bystander in the narrative.

Music

"Veronica" is a by , co-written with and released in 1989 as the lead single from his album . The track is a nostalgic ballad inspired by Costello's grandmother, who lived with , evoking themes of aging and lost memories through vivid, reflective lyrics. It achieved commercial success, peaking at number 31 on the and number 19 on the US Hot 100. Swedish pop singer , whose stage name derives from the , has released a series of acclaimed albums centering on personal relationships and emotional introspection. Her debut studio album, Vatten och bröd (2006), introduced her soulful style and peaked at number 14 on the Albums Chart, earning her the award for Newcomer of the Year. Subsequent releases, including Den första är alltid gratis (2016) and Och som vanligt händer det ingenting (2021), continued to explore relational dynamics, with the latter topping the charts and receiving multiple platinum certifications. In 2025, she released the album on October 3.

Botany

Genus Veronica

The genus Veronica is the largest in the family, encompassing approximately 450 species of primarily annual and perennial herbs, along with some subshrubs. Previously classified within the family, it has been reassigned to based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. These plants are characterized by opposite leaves that are typically simple and entire to serrate, often lanceolate or ovate in shape, and stems that range from erect to prostrate. Their flowers are small, usually blue to purple (occasionally white or pink), arranged in terminal or axillary spikes or racemes, with a bilabiate featuring four lobes and prominent stamens. A representative example is Veronica chamaedrys, known as germander speedwell, which features bright blue flowers in dense spikes and is widely distributed across as a common and herb. Veronica species are predominantly native to the temperate regions of the , with centers of diversity in and , though some extend into the , particularly in and . The genus exhibits a nearly due to human-mediated introductions, but many thrive in moist, open habitats such as grasslands, stream banks, and disturbed areas. In , Veronica persica (Persian speedwell), originally from , has become invasive, spreading rapidly in lawns, fields, and roadsides where it competes with native vegetation. Ecologically, these play roles as early-season sources for pollinators, including bees and hoverflies, contributing to in temperate ecosystems. Several Veronica species are valued as ornamental plants in gardens for their compact growth and vibrant flower spikes, with cultivars selected for extended blooming periods. Traditionally, species like (common speedwell) have been used in for their properties, often in teas or poultices to treat respiratory issues, wounds, and . Recent studies highlight the ecological adaptability of species such as V. longifolia, demonstrating to changing climate conditions through maintained growth and flowering under elevated temperature and scenarios.

Related genera

The genus Hebe, commonly known as shrubby veronicas, includes over 100 species of evergreen shrubs primarily native to , with a few species extending to , southern , and Rapa Island in . These exhibit a woody , ranging from prostrate groundcovers to tall shrubs or even small trees, with some species reaching heights of up to 6 meters; they feature paired, simple leaves in shades of green or silver and produce spikes of small, tubular flowers typically in white, pink, purple, or red hues during summer. For instance, Hebe speciosa, a popular species in , forms compact evergreen shrubs 1–2 meters tall with glossy green leaves and showy racemes of violet-purple flowers from late spring to autumn, making it valued for borders, containers, and low-maintenance landscaping in temperate gardens. Taxonomically, was segregated from the larger genus Veronica in the late 1990s following molecular phylogenetic studies using (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA, which demonstrated that the Hebe complex formed distinct monophyletic clades separate from Veronica species, justifying recognition as independent genera within the family. Despite this separation, Hebe species retain the common name "shrubby veronicas" in horticultural and popular contexts due to their morphological similarities, such as opposite leaves and four-lobed corollas, to herbaceous Veronica speedwells. Other minor genera closely related to Veronica in the include Paederota, a small group comprising two that form a sister clade to Veronica based on molecular analyses of DNA sequences and shared iridoid glucosides. For example, Paederota bonarota, an perennial native to the eastern of , , and , grows as a low, mat-forming herb 5–15 cm tall with opposite, toothed leaves and terminal racemes of violet-blue to lilac flowers in summer, exhibiting speedwell-like traits such as bilabiate corollas adapted to rocky, limestone habitats. Additional related genera, such as Veronicastrum and Wulfenia, share phylogenetic ties through the Veroniceae tribe but are less directly allied, featuring similar floral structures and temperate distributions. Conservation efforts for highlight significant threats from habitat loss due to , , and in New Zealand's hotspots, where over 60% of are endemic and many qualify as threatened under assessments. Recent studies, including the 2023 vascular plant conservation status report published in 2024, underscore the vulnerability of New Zealand endemics like several Hebe taxa, with exacerbating declines; for instance, Hebe speciosa faces risks from coastal weed invasion and genetic swamping by cultivated hybrids, prompting calls for protected area expansions in regions like the and .

Other uses

Religion and mythology

The Veil of Veronica, also known as the Sudarium Christi or Holy Face, is a revered Christian consisting of a cloth bearing the imprinted image of Christ's face, housed in in . According to tradition, this acheiropoieton—an image not made by human hands—was created when offered her veil to to wipe his face during his journey to , miraculously retaining his features. The relic's dates back to at least the in , with historical records confirming its public display and pilgrim devotion by the , including during every Year since 1300, when it is exhibited on Fridays and major feast days. Replicas of the veil, depicting the solemn face with eyes closed, proliferated in , influencing devotional icons across and serving as focal points for contemplation of Christ's Passion. The legend of Saint Veronica, a 1st-century Jewish widow from Jerusalem, forms the core of this tradition, though it is non-canonical and absent from the New Testament. In the sixth Station of the Cross, central to Catholic, Anglican, and Western Orthodox piety, Veronica compassionately wipes Jesus' bloodied face with her cloth, an act symbolizing mercy amid suffering and integral to Lenten devotions worldwide. She is honored as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, with a feast day on July 12, and her icons typically portray her holding the imprinted veil, emphasizing themes of charitable service and the imprint of divine grace. Mythologically, the ties into Byzantine through the concept of the vera icon (true image), representing an authentic likeness of Christ derived from early Christian relic traditions. This notion influenced the broader category of , such as the Mandylion of , where cloths miraculously captured Christ's features without artistic intervention, bridging Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic veneration during the Iconoclastic controversies of the 8th and 9th centuries. The veil's symbolism as a "true image" reinforced theological defenses of sacred images, portraying them as conduits of the rather than idols. In modern times, the relic continues to inspire devotion, with public veneration during 2025 drawing pilgrims to on April 6, the Fifth Sunday of , and subsequent Fridays. officials described the display as a "sign of hope for modern times," linking Veronica's gesture to contemporary calls for amid global challenges. Ongoing non-invasive studies of similar relics, such as spectral imaging of translucent holy face cloths, underscore efforts to analyze these artifacts without alteration, preserving their spiritual integrity.

Technology and broadcasting

Radio Veronica was a pioneering Dutch offshore pirate radio station that operated from April 21, 1960, to August 31, 1974, popular music and entertainment from ships anchored in in the , approximately 3.5 to six miles off the coast near and . Initially transmitting from the converted lightship Borkum Riff on 185 meters with 1 kW power, the station later upgraded to the MV in 1964 and became a symbol of the free radio movement, challenging state monopolies by offering commercial programming funded by advertising and listener donations. Its innovative approach attracted millions of listeners in the and influenced the liberalization of European regulations. Following the Dutch government's 1974 legislation banning offshore broadcasting, ended its pirate operations but persisted through the Veronica Broadcasting Organisation, which opened membership to the public and lobbied for . The station revived in the early 1990s as a legal and broadcaster, initially within the public system before transitioning to commercial radio under , where it continues to air pop and rock hits today. In computing, VERONICA (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) emerged as one of the internet's first search engines in November 1992, developed by Steven Foster and Fred Barrie at the University of Nevada, Reno, to index and query Gopher protocol menus across distributed servers. This keyword-based tool enabled users to discover resources in the pre-web Gopher network, much like Archie for FTP archives, and represented a foundational step toward scalable information retrieval systems that paved the way for modern search engines. By providing centralized access to decentralized content, VERONICA supported the early growth of online navigation until the rise of the World Wide Web diminished Gopher's prominence in the mid-1990s.

Places and brands

Verónica is a town and locality in , , located approximately 100 kilometers southeast of the provincial capital. It serves as the administrative center for the Punta Indio Partido, a rural district known for its agricultural activities and proximity to the . With a population of approximately 8,541 residents (2022 census), the town features typical landscapes and supports local farming communities. In , is a small situated in the Aleutians West Census Area, near the community of on . This coastal lake, documented in U.S. Forest Service records from the mid-20th century, lies amid the rugged volcanic terrain of the chain and is part of the region's diverse freshwater features accessible for local recreation and ecological study. Veronica Beard is an American fashion brand established in by sisters-in-law Veronica Miele Beard and Veronica Swanson Beard in . The label gained prominence for its signature Dickey Jacket, a versatile design incorporating interchangeable dickey inserts—collars and shirts that snap into place—for effortless style transitions from office to evening wear. By 2025, the brand had expanded to include collections emphasizing elevated casual pieces, with retail presence in major stores and its own boutiques. Doña Verónica represents a brand specializing in red varietals from the Valley in the Central Valley region. Produced by Osses winery, its flagship offers notes of dark and spice, reflecting the area's suited to robust reds. The 2025 harvest in , including , yielded lower volumes (down approximately 20%) but promised high-quality with concentrated flavors, aligning with broader industry optimism for balanced wines.

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