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WEW

WEW (770 kHz AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to , , , currently owned by Birach Broadcasting Corporation and operating with a brokered ethnic programming format that includes multilingual shows and a midday mix of and adult standards music. The station's call letters have been retroactively interpreted as standing for "We Enlighten the World," a reflecting its early educational mission under St. Louis University ownership. Founded as an experimental project by St. Louis University's physics department in 1912, WEW initially transmitted weather reports starting in 1912, marking it as one of the earliest radio operations in the U.S. Its first voice broadcasts occurred on April 26, 1921, delivering twice-daily weather and river stage reports for and at 10:05 a.m. and 9:05 p.m., several months after KDKA in began regular programming in late 1920. Officially licensed as a broadcasting station on March 23, 1922, WEW became the first such station west of the , which it claims to be the second oldest in the nation overall, pioneering content like music, educational lectures, religious services, and agricultural programs that served rural communities. Under St. Louis University ownership for over four decades until its sale in , the station emphasized public service and innovation, including the launch of St. Louis's first outlet, WEW-, in 1947, and early adoption of digital technologies. Subsequent owners shifted formats through , religious programming, and ethnic brokered time, with the station reassigned to its current 770 kHz frequency in 1941 following federal reallocations. Today, WEW continues to broadcast from studios on Hampton Avenue, maintaining its historical legacy while serving diverse immigrant communities in the St. Louis metropolitan area.

Origins and Early Development

University Experiments

Prior to 1920, conducted radio experiments dating back to 1912, initially transmitting weather reports. The university held experimental licenses as 9YR (February 1915) and 9XY (May 1916) for sending seismological and weather data, until operations were shut down in April 1917 due to restrictions; activities resumed under the 9YK in August 1920. Brother George J. Rueppel, S.J., a at , initiated informal radio experiments in 1920, constructing homemade transmitters and receivers to support weather reporting efforts. These efforts built on the earlier transmissions but shifted focus toward voice capabilities to better disseminate meteorological data to the U.S. Weather Bureau and local audiences. The experiments were conducted in collaboration with the university's physics department, where faculty and students contributed to and testing of the rudimentary equipment. A low-power transmitter, assembled from scavenged parts, operated on longer wavelengths suitable for experimental purposes. Student involvement was integral, providing hands-on experience in radio technology amid the growing interest in wireless communication post-World War I. On April 26, 1921, at 10:05 a.m., the experiments culminated in the first voice transmission from the campus, with university president Rev. William F. Robison delivering forecasts, market reports on crop prices, and updates on local river stages. These broadcasts targeted farmers seeking agricultural guidance and pilots requiring timely information, marking an early application of radio for in the Midwest. The twice-daily programming emphasized practical utility, setting a precedent for educational . These university-led initiatives paved the way for the formal licensing of experimental station 9YK.

Experimental Station 9YK

The experimental station 9YK represented University's transition from informal wireless experiments to formal regulated radio operations. In August 1920, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued the experimental for 9YK, designating it one of the earliest such stations west of the . Regular broadcasts under the 9YK call sign began in April 1921, featuring daily weather forecasts, crop reports for farmers, and university news, all transmitted from the physics building on campus. The inaugural voice broadcast occurred on April 26, 1921, at 10:05 a.m., when university president Rev. William F. Robison delivered a spoken weather report, marking a pioneering use of radiotelephony for public information dissemination. Technically, 9YK operated using rudimentary equipment of the era, enabling clear signal propagation. Reception reports from listeners documented the station's effective range in the nascent field of broadcasting.

Establishment of WEW

On March 23, 1922, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued Saint Louis University a broadcasting license for station WEW, establishing it as one of the earliest regular broadcast outlets in the United States and the second-oldest licensed station after KDKA in Pittsburgh, which had received its license in 1920. This licensing marked the formal transition of the university's radio efforts from experimental transmissions under the call sign 9YK, begun in 1921, to structured public service broadcasting. As an educational institution, WEW's license emphasized non-commercial operations focused on informational and cultural programming, distinguishing it from purely commercial ventures while contributing to the nascent regulatory framework for radio. The station's inaugural regular broadcast under the WEW callsign aired on April 26, 1922, originating from facilities on the campus and featuring addresses by university president Rev. William Robison, S.J., along with musical selections and practical updates such as weather forecasts. These early programs highlighted the station's educational mission, providing content aimed at enlightening listeners through knowledge dissemination rather than commercial promotion. The broadcasts were designed to reach a broad regional audience, including Midwest farmers seeking agricultural market reports and aviators relying on timely weather information for navigation. Initially operating on the 485-meter wavelength (approximately 619 kHz), later shifting to 360 meters (833 kHz) in May 1922, WEW's signal extended across the Midwest, enabling reception by crystal sets and early receivers in rural areas and airfields. This setup complied with the Department of Commerce's 1922 regulations, which allocated the 360-meter band specifically for entertainment and general interest programming while restricting higher-power or advertising-heavy content to prevent . WEW's adherence to these guidelines helped shape early radio policy, demonstrating how educational stations could integrate music, lectures, and public service announcements without violating limits on commercial elements.

University Era Operations

Educational and Public Service Programming

During its university ownership from 1922 to 1955, WEW prioritized educational and public service programming aligned with Saint Louis University's Jesuit mission to enlighten and serve the community, particularly through informative broadcasts that extended academic resources beyond the campus. Early programming emphasized practical utility for local audiences, including daily weather forecasts read by Rev. William F. Robison starting April 21, 1921, and regular weekly livestock and grain market reports aimed at farmers, which continued as staples into the licensed broadcasting era. These features, broadcast at set times such as 9 a.m., 10 a.m., and 2 p.m., provided essential agricultural and meteorological updates to rural listeners in the St. Louis region. University faculty lectures formed a core component of WEW's offerings, integrating scholarly content into the airwaves to promote learning among off-campus audiences. The station's inaugural licensed broadcast in 1922 featured a faculty , setting a for educational dissemination, while programs like the 1928 "Students Hour" included 15 minutes of faculty-guided interesting readings alongside music to engage listeners intellectually. Religious services were also central, reflecting the station's Catholic roots; broadcasts of "Music of High Mass" aired in 1928, and by 1939, WEW pioneered the Program, the world's oldest continuous Catholic radio series, which originated devotional content for national syndication. Student-produced shows further embedded the station within life, with the "Students Hour" showcasing performances of music and readings, fostering hands-on broadcasting experience and curriculum extension to remote audiences through live debates and class-like discussions. Pioneering agricultural programming underscored WEW's public service role, such as the 1928 " Farm School Program," which delivered advice on farming techniques to support rural communities. In the 1930s, educational series expanded to include interactive formats like the "Question Box Hour," where the station addressed listener-submitted queries on various topics, enhancing . These efforts particularly benefited St. Louis's Catholic population and rural farming families, as noted by station director Rev. Robert Johnston, S.J., in 1931, who highlighted WEW's non-commercial focus funded by a Catholic benefactor to promote public welfare without seeking profit. The programming's impact was evident in its role as a vital information conduit, bridging urban academia with Midwestern listeners during the and beyond.

Frequency and Technical Adjustments

During its university era, WEW underwent significant technical modifications to comply with evolving federal regulations and mitigate broadcast interference. In 1928, as part of reallocations following the Radio Act of 1927, which established the to organize the AM band and allocate frequencies more equitably, WEW shifted its operating frequency to 760 kHz and increased its transmission power to 500 watts. This adjustment allowed the station to expand its coverage while adhering to the Act's mandate for reduced interference among broadcasters. Further adaptations occurred in the early 1940s amid international agreements aimed at standardizing North American radio allocations. On March 29, 1941, as part of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), WEW relocated to 770 kHz to resolve issues, particularly with dominant clear-channel stations like WABC in . This move restricted WEW to daytime-only operations, from local sunrise to sunset, due to the shared frequency and the need to protect nighttime for higher-power stations on the same channel. To enhance signal directionality and minimize overlap during these limited hours, the station installed directional antennas in the mid-1940s, utilizing phased vertical radiator towers to shape its toward the primary service area. In parallel with these AM enhancements, WEW expanded into broadcasting in 1947 by launching WEW-FM, the first FM station in , operating in the FM band with expanded programming potential free from AM interference concerns. This addition reflected the university's commitment to advancing broadcast technology for educational outreach.

Transition to Commercial Broadcasting

Ownership Changes

sold WEW in 1955 to local broadcaster Bruce Barrington (real name Aubrey D. Reid) for $50,000, concluding 33 years of institutional ownership amid financial pressures facing the university's broadcasting operations. This marked the end of WEW's non-commercial, educational era and its entry into private hands, allowing for a shift toward broader commercial programming possibilities. Barrington operated the station for six years before selling it to Franklin Broadcasting Company in 1961 for $450,000, reflecting growing value in ' radio market as advertising revenues expanded. The station underwent several subsequent ownership changes among local broadcasters through the late . Further transfers culminated in 2004, when Birach Broadcasting Corporation acquired the station from Acker's Metropolitan Radio Group, establishing its current ownership structure. Birach, founded by Sima Birach, specialized in ethnic and , aligning with the station's evolving role in diverse community broadcasting. On October 14, 2025, Sima Birach passed away at age 86, prompting reviews of succession within , though no ownership changes to WEW have been reported as of November 2025. The company continues to hold the license under FCC records.

Format Shifts and Programming Evolution

Following the sale of WEW to commercial interests in 1955, the station shifted from its non-commercial educational focus to music-oriented programming targeted at urban audiences, incorporating and during the late 1950s and . This change reflected broader trends in AM radio, where stations sought to compete with emerging outlets by appealing to younger listeners with popular genres. Ownership transitions in the early further enabled these adaptations, allowing WEW to experiment with nostalgia before adopting a flexible time-brokered model that supported diverse music blocks. By the 1970s and 1980s, WEW transitioned toward adult contemporary formats, blending and with increasing religious content to broaden its appeal amid declining music listenership on AM. The station incorporated syndicated religious programs, such as hours, as part of its brokered blocks, catering to faith-based communities in the region. This evolution aligned with the national rise of , where AM stations filled daytime slots with inspirational talk and music. In the 1990s, WEW emphasized ethnic to serve St. Louis's growing immigrant populations, featuring broadcasts in languages like and alongside other international content. These time blocks, sold to community groups and producers, provided culturally specific news, music, and discussions, helping the station maintain relevance in a multicultural market without a fixed format. Entering the , following its acquisition by Birach Broadcasting Corporation in 2004, WEW stabilized on religious and talk-oriented programming through extended brokered arrangements. The Overcomer Ministry emerged as the primary lessee around , filling the schedule with sermons, teachings, and prophetic messages from , marking a full commitment to faith-based content. This arrangement has defined the station's identity, prioritizing spiritual outreach over varied formats.

Modern Operations and Technical Details

Current Ownership and Brokered Programming

WEW has been owned by Birach Broadcasting Corporation since 2004, operating as part of its portfolio of AM stations focused on brokered and ethnic programming. The company, based in Southfield, Michigan, was founded and led by Sima Birach Sr. as president and CEO until his death on October 14, 2025, at age 86; operations have since continued under family and corporate oversight, with Sima Birach Jr. serving as president. Under Birach's ownership, WEW employs a brokered time-lease model as a Class D station operating from sunrise to sunset. The station features a brokered ethnic programming that includes multilingual shows and a midday mix of and adult standards music. Previously, weekday operations were largely leased to the Overcomer Ministry, a Christian , but the ministry ended its radio broadcasts on June 30, 2025. Weekend schedules incorporate brokered slots for ethnic and multicultural shows, including Spanish-language religious content targeting the local community, as well as programs in Bosnian, , , and aimed at St. Louis's diverse immigrant populations. These segments reflect Birach's long-standing strategy of supporting ethnic broadcasters through time-brokerage agreements. Listener engagement is facilitated through online streaming available 24/7 via the station's website, wewradio.com.

Broadcast Specifications and Power Upgrades

WEW operates on the AM frequency of 770 kHz as a Class D station, authorized for daytime-only broadcasting with 1,000 watts of power from a single non-directional tower located in the St. Louis suburbs at coordinates 38°37'18" N, 90°04'34" W. This configuration has been in place since 1941 to prevent interference with the Class A clear-channel station WABC in New York on the same frequency. The station's signal primarily covers the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area during daytime hours. In April 2016, the (FCC) granted WEW a construction permit (File No. BP-20151130AAJ) to upgrade its facilities, including relocation to a new transmitter site in the suburbs at 38°45'23" N, 89°39'19" W, increase daytime power to 10,000 watts, and enable limited nighttime operation at 200 watts using a three-tower directional array for a Class B facility with unlimited hours. This upgrade aims to expand coverage, potentially extending the nighttime signal to a 50-mile radius around while protecting co-channel and adjacent-channel stations. As of November 2025, the upgrades remain unimplemented, with the FCC issuing a renewal of the construction permit on February 11, 2025 (File No. BP-20241203AAA), extending the deadline to February 11, 2028. The project, originally permitted under the FCC's AM revitalization initiatives, has faced multiple extensions, reflecting ongoing challenges in execution.

Historical Significance

Claims to Antiquity and Disputes

St. Louis University, which operated WEW during its early years, has long claimed that the station is the second-oldest continuously operating radio station in the United States, following only KDKA in , which began broadcasting in November 1920. This assertion is based on WEW's experimental origins as station 9YK, which began transmitting weather reports in 1912 under the auspices of St. Louis University's physics department, with voice broadcasts commencing on April 26, 1921. The station is also promoted as the oldest west of the , highlighting its pioneering role in regional broadcasting. These claims face scholarly disputes, primarily due to earlier operational stations and the prevalence of experimental licenses predating WEW's formal activities. For instance, Detroit's 8MK (later WWJ) initiated regular public broadcasts, including music and results, as early as August 1920, predating both KDKA's famous election night transmission and WEW's voice era. Additionally, experimental stations like 9YK were not unique; federal records indicate numerous pre-1922 authorizations for wireless telephony and experiments across the U.S., with government lists documenting over 100 such operations by 1921 under categories like "Special Land" and "Experimental." Federal documentation underscores these challenges to WEW's primacy. While FCC predecessor records in the Radio Bulletin confirm WEW's issuance on March 23, 1922, as one of the earliest formal commercial grants, they do not establish experimental superiority, as wartime restrictions and the sheer volume of amateur and institutional tests from 1913 onward dilute claims of singular precedence. University archives, including St. Louis University's digital collections, emphasize internal logs of 9YK's 1912 inception and 1921 innovations like the first spoken weather forecast, contrasting with broader federal logs that prioritize licensed operations over informal experiments. In modern , WEW is recognized in historical records as one of the oldest continuously operating U.S. radio stations, preserving its legacy amid these debates through consistent operation from the experimental era onward.

Legacy and Cultural Impact

WEW's pioneering role in educational broadcasting established it as a foundational model for university-affiliated radio stations across the during the . As one of the earliest licensed stations operated by an , WEW demonstrated the potential of radio for delivering lectures, scientific discussions, and instructional content, inspiring similar setups at other universities during the . This influence extended the medium's reach into , promoting radio as a tool for public enlightenment and knowledge dissemination beyond commercial entertainment. In terms of cultural impact, WEW broke new ground with targeted programming that addressed underserved audiences, particularly through women's and ethnic outreach initiatives. The station's "Just for Women" program, hosted by Louise Munsch in the and continuing into the , offered practical advice on , , and community issues, serving as one of the earliest dedicated platforms for listeners in local radio and fostering greater engagement with broadcast media. Later decades saw WEW expand into ethnic outreach, featuring foreign-language broadcasts that connected immigrant communities in , such as Bosnian, , and programs, which helped preserve cultural identities and integrate diverse groups into the local media landscape. The station's archival legacy is preserved through extensive collections at , including scripts, broadcast logs, and audio recordings spanning 1921 to 1955, which document its evolution from experimental transmissions to . These materials, held in SLU's University Archives and digital repositories, provide invaluable insights into early radio techniques and content, supporting scholarly research on broadcasting history. Complementing this, WEW contributed to broader societal advancements, notably in through its inaugural spoken weather forecasts in 1921—delivered twice daily for and —which were among the first audio meteorological bulletins and aided pilots navigating the nascent commercial air routes of the era. Furthermore, WEW's launch of WEW-FM in 1947 as St. Louis's first station spurred local adoption of FM technology, enhancing audio quality and inspiring regional expansion of high-fidelity broadcasting.

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