1970 NFL draft
The 1970 NFL Draft was the 35th annual player selection meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises, marking the first draft of the fully merged NFL following the 1966 AFL-NFL merger agreement, which unified the leagues into a single entity with 26 teams starting in 1970. Held on January 27 and 28 at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, the event spanned 17 rounds and resulted in 442 total selections from eligible college players. The Pittsburgh Steelers won the first overall pick via a coin flip against the Chicago Bears and chose quarterback Terry Bradshaw from Louisiana Tech University, a pivotal selection that anchored their offense and contributed to the team's emergence as a dynasty.[1] This draft occurred amid significant transition for professional football, as the merger—agreed in 1966 and fully implemented for the 1970 season, with common drafts beginning in 1967—fostered greater parity among teams. The Steelers, who had endured a dismal 1-13 record in 1969, used their top choice on Bradshaw, who went on to throw for 27,989 yards and 212 touchdowns over 14 seasons, earning three Pro Bowl nods and leading Pittsburgh to four Super Bowl victories (IX, X, XIII, XIV) while being inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989.[2] In the same draft, the Steelers also selected cornerback Mel Blount in the third round (53rd overall) from Southern University, whose physical play revolutionized defensive back rules and helped anchor four Super Bowl defenses, earning him Hall of Fame induction in 1989—the same year as Bradshaw. Notably, Bradshaw and Blount are the only two Pro Football Hall of Famers selected in the entire 1970 NFL Draft.[3][4] Other key first-round picks included defensive tackle Mike McCoy from Notre Dame, taken second overall by the Green Bay Packers, who played 11 seasons,[5] and quarterback Mike Phipps from Purdue, selected third by the Cleveland Browns, where he started 51 of his 72 career games over seven seasons with the team despite mixed results.[6] The draft yielded additional standouts like running back Steve Owens (19th overall, Detroit Lions), who rushed for 2,451 yards and earned Offensive Rookie of the Year honors in 1971.[7] Overall, the 1970 selections laid foundational talent for several franchises, particularly the Steelers' 1970s dominance, while reflecting the era's emphasis on quarterbacks and defensive specialists amid the league's expansion and competitive evolution.Historical Context
AFL-NFL Merger
The AFL-NFL merger was announced on June 8, 1966, by NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle, AFL President Lamar Hunt, and Dallas Cowboys general manager Tex Schramm following months of secret negotiations. This agreement aimed to end the costly competition between the two leagues, which had driven up player salaries through bidding wars since the AFL's founding in 1960. The merger was set to take full effect for the 1970 season, transforming the rival circuits into a single unified National Football League structured with two conferences: the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC).[8] Under the merger terms, the league expanded to 26 teams across 25 cities, incorporating all 10 existing AFL franchises and 16 NFL teams, with the addition of the New Orleans Saints in 1967 as part of the pre-merger expansion. To balance competition, three established NFL teams—the Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers—were realigned to join the 10 AFL teams in forming the 13-team AFC, while the remaining 13 NFL teams constituted the NFC. This realignment preserved geographic rivalries and ensured parity, with the Colts' move particularly notable as it kept the team in its traditional market but shifted it to the former AFL conference.[9][10] A key provision of the merger directly impacted player acquisition: the establishment of a single, common draft beginning with the fully integrated league in 1970, following three years of joint selection processes from 1967 to 1969 that had already begun to unify talent distribution. Prior to the merger, the separate drafts had fueled intense competition for college seniors, but the unified system eliminated dual bidding, creating a shared player pool from eligible undergraduates and ensuring equitable access to top prospects across all teams. This change was crucial for the 1970 draft, held as the inaugural selection event of the merged NFL, which stabilized rosters and reduced financial strain on franchises.[11][8]Pre-draft Developments
The 1969 NFL season ended with the Pittsburgh Steelers posting the league's worst record at 1-13, earning them priority in the draft order.[12] This poor performance, under first-year head coach Chuck Noll, positioned the Steelers as the clear frontrunners for the top selection, especially after a coin flip against the similarly 1-13 Chicago Bears determined Pittsburgh's No. 1 overall pick.[13] Other struggling NFL teams, such as the Buffalo Bills and Boston Patriots from the AFL side with 4-10 records, also secured high picks based on their finishes, while the Miami Dolphins held the AFL's worst mark at 3-10-1.[14] These standings set the stage for a combined draft pool, reflecting the teams' urgent needs for rebuilding. In the wake of the AFL-NFL merger, the 1970 draft order integrated standings from both leagues by alternating selections between former NFL and AFL franchises in reverse order of their 1969 finishes, aiming to balance talent distribution across the new American and National Football Conferences.[15] This structure marked the first common draft, unifying player eligibility and selection processes that had previously been separate. Key off-season rumors centered on quarterback-needy teams, exemplified by the Cleveland Browns' aggressive pursuit of a high draft choice amid uncertainty at the position.[8] A pivotal pre-draft transaction occurred on January 26, 1970, when the Browns traded All-Pro wide receiver Paul Warfield to the Dolphins for their third overall pick, a move driven by Cleveland's desire to target top quarterback prospects like those from the 1970 college class.[16] Such trades heightened anticipation and reshuffled team strategies. Scouting efforts intensified through all-star games and early combines; at the Senior Bowl, prospects like Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw showcased their skills, with Bradshaw throwing for 267 yards in a 37-37 tie and earning MVP recognition from scouts.[17] Services like the BLESTO scouting combine further aided evaluations by pooling data on top college talent for NFL and AFL teams.[13]Draft Logistics
Date and Venue
The 1970 NFL Draft took place over two days, January 27 and 28, spanning all 17 rounds of selections.[1] This timing was influenced by the recent AFL-NFL merger, allowing teams to integrate operations ahead of the unified 1970 season.[10] The event was held at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, which served as the central headquarters for the first common draft following the merger.[13] Representatives from the league's 26 teams convened there, managing selections via phone lines to coordinate with scouts and front offices, a process complicated by the ongoing transition from separate leagues.[13] NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle oversaw proceedings, announcing key picks in a modest conference room setup typical of the era.[18] Media coverage focused on print journalists and wire services, with no live television broadcast, though press conferences facilitated immediate reporting on selections.[19] This gathering marked a pivotal logistical step in unifying the league's drafting process.[10]Selection Format and Rules
The 1970 NFL Draft featured 17 rounds, during which a total of 442 players were selected across the league's 26 teams.[1][20] The order of selections was established by the reverse order of each team's 1969 regular-season standings. For instance, the Pittsburgh Steelers received the first overall pick as the worst-performing former NFL team, followed by the Green Bay Packers with the second pick (acquired through a trade with the Chicago Bears), and the Cleveland Browns with the third pick (obtained via trade from the Miami Dolphins).[21][22] Draft trades were permitted throughout the event, enabling teams to exchange current and future picks to optimize their selections. In the post-merger era, the process included provisions for compensatory adjustments to address roster impacts from the league's realignment, though no formal supplemental draft existed at the time.[22][23] Player eligibility was restricted mainly to college seniors who had exhausted their four years of athletic eligibility, though exceptions were granted under hardship rules for select juniors facing financial or personal difficulties.[10]Player Selections
First Round
The first round of the 1970 NFL Draft, held on January 27–28 in New York City, featured 26 selections by the league's newly merged teams, drawing from a deep talent pool that included top collegiate prospects in quarterbacks and defensive linemen.[22] The Pittsburgh Steelers, holding the first overall pick, selected quarterback Terry Bradshaw from Louisiana Tech, marking a pivotal investment in franchise leadership amid their rebuilding efforts.[1] This choice reflected the era's emphasis on securing signal-callers to anchor offenses in the post-merger landscape. A notable pre-draft trade shaped the round's early dynamics: on January 26, the Cleveland Browns acquired the Miami Dolphins' third overall pick in exchange for wide receiver Paul Warfield, allowing the Browns to target a quarterback while bolstering the Dolphins' receiving corps.[16] With that selection, the Browns drafted quarterback Mike Phipps from Purdue at No. 3, underscoring the league-wide priority on quarterbacks to drive competitive balance.[1] The Green Bay Packers followed at No. 2 by choosing defensive tackle Mike McCoy from Notre Dame, prioritizing defensive line reinforcement to counter potent AFL-style offenses.[1] Similarly, the Boston Patriots (soon to become the New England Patriots) selected defensive tackle Phil Olsen from Utah State at No. 4, highlighting teams' focus on bolstering front sevens in the expanded talent pool from the AFL-NFL merger.[1] The round's selections balanced offensive and defensive needs, with six defensive linemen and five running backs chosen among the top talents, as teams navigated the inaugural common draft to build rosters for the unified league.[22] Below is the complete list of first-round picks:| Pick | Team | Player | Position | College |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Terry Bradshaw | QB | Louisiana Tech |
| 2 | Green Bay Packers | Mike McCoy | DT | Notre Dame |
| 3 | Cleveland Browns | Mike Phipps | QB | Purdue |
| 4 | Boston Patriots | Phil Olsen | DT | Utah State |
| 5 | Buffalo Bills | Al Cowlings | DE | USC |
| 6 | Philadelphia Eagles | Steve Zabel | LB | Oklahoma |
| 7 | Cincinnati Bengals | Mike Reid | DT | Penn State |
| 8 | St. Louis Cardinals | Larry Stegent | RB | Texas A&M |
| 9 | San Francisco 49ers | Cedrick Hardman | DE | North Texas |
| 10 | [New Orleans Saints](/page/New Orleans_Saints) | Ken Burrough | WR | Texas Southern |
| 11 | Denver Broncos | Bobby Anderson | RB | Colorado |
| 12 | Atlanta Falcons | John Small | DT | The Citadel |
| 13 | New York Giants | Jim Files | LB | Oklahoma |
| 14 | Houston Oilers | Doug Wilkerson | G | North Carolina Central |
| 15 | San Diego Chargers | Walker Gillette | WR | Richmond |
| 16 | Green Bay Packers | Rich McGeorge | TE | Elon |
| 17 | San Francisco 49ers | Bruce Taylor | DB | Boston University |
| 18 | Baltimore Colts | Norm Bulaich | RB | TCU |
| 19 | Detroit Lions | Steve Owens | RB | Oklahoma |
| 20 | New York Jets | Steve Tannen | DB | Florida |
| 21 | Cleveland Browns | Bob McKay | T | Texas |
| 22 | Los Angeles Rams | Jack Reynolds | LB | Tennessee |
| 23 | Dallas Cowboys | Duane Thomas | RB | West Texas A&M |
| 24 | Oakland Raiders | Raymond Chester | TE | Morgan State |
| 25 | Minnesota Vikings | John Ward | G | Oklahoma State |
| 26 | Kansas City Chiefs | Sid Smith | C | USC |