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AFP

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a Paris-based international founded in 1944 during the , as the successor to the agency established in 1835, positioning it as the world's oldest continuously operating news organization. It ranks among the three leading global wire services—alongside and the —delivering multimedia content including text reports, photographs, and videos to subscribers in over 150 countries across six languages. AFP maintains a structure without private shareholders, governed by a statute that mandates and while subjecting it to commercial operations. Its funding derives primarily from client subscriptions, supplemented by contracts with the French state, which provides about one-third of its budget but is contractually barred from influencing content. The agency employs over 2,400 staff, including 1,000 journalists, with bureaus in more than 150 locations, emphasizing on-the-ground reporting in conflict zones and global events. Notable achievements include pioneering wire service innovations since the and expanding into digital verification tools and initiatives amid rising challenges. However, AFP has encountered controversies over perceived biases, with analyses rating its output as left-center in editorial slant despite high factual accuracy, and specific accusations of selective framing in coverage or undue caution influenced by French governmental pressures. These claims, often from observers, contrast with AFP's self-described commitment to fact-based neutrality, though its partial reliance on state resources raises ongoing questions about full autonomy in a landscape prone to institutional influences.

Media

Agence France-Presse

(AFP) is a Paris-based international established on , 1944, when a group of journalists seized the offices of the collaborationist five days after the from Nazi occupation. Its predecessor, , originated in 1835 as the world's first organized news service under Charles-Louis Havas. On January 10, 1957, the enacted a defining AFP as an independent public corporation, prohibiting shareholders to preserve editorial autonomy and mandating a mission to inform without state interference, though it remains subject to . AFP employs around 2,600 staff from 100 nationalities, operating bureaus across more than 150 countries to deliver 24-hour coverage, including text, photos, videos, and graphics. It produces content in six languages—, , , , , and —serving media outlets, corporations, and public entities worldwide with an emphasis on factual reporting and verification. In 2023, AFP generated daily output including over 2,300 text stories, supporting clients through syndication and specialized services like fact-checking via its AFP Factuel unit. Financially, AFP reported consolidated turnover of 326.4 million euros in 2024, a 2.1% increase from 320.1 million euros in 2023, driven partly by a new funding agreement with the state that raised public contributions by 5%. Approximately 40% of its budget derives from government contracts for domestic news distribution, with the remainder from commercial clients such as broadcasters and newspapers. Operating expenses in 2024 totaled 303.5 million euros, yielding a net profit of 0.2 million euros. AFP's statute and leadership assert strict , with Chairman Fabrice Fries stating in 2023 that "our only is to the facts," rejecting accusations of excessive caution or hidden ideological slant. Independent assessments, such as those from , rate its output as neutral in and highly reliable for factual accuracy. However, the agency's heavy reliance on state funding—unique among major global wire services—has prompted scrutiny over potential subtle alignment with governmental priorities, a concern amplified by patterns in state-influenced media where formal statutes do not always preclude indirect pressures, as seen in historical funding disputes resolved by EU competition rulings in AFP's favor. Recent critiques, including from outlets, have highlighted instances of adjustments amid populist political challenges, though AFP maintains these reflect commitment to verified reporting rather than external coercion.

Public Safety and Military

Australian Federal Police

The (AFP) is Australia's primary federal law enforcement agency, responsible for enforcing Commonwealth criminal laws and protecting national interests from serious threats. It was established on 19 October 1979 through the Australian Federal Police Act 1979, which amalgamated the Commonwealth Police Force, the Australian Capital Territory Police, and elements of the Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence. The creation followed the 1978 Hotel bombing in during a , which exposed vulnerabilities in federal protective security and prompted recommendations for a unified national policing body. The AFP's core functions, as defined in section 8 of the Australian Federal Police Act 1979, include preventing, detecting, and investigating federal crimes; providing protective security for designated persons and places; and cooperating with enforcement to combat transnational threats. Domestically, it leads investigations into complex crimes such as , syndicates, , and border security violations, while also delivering services in the Australian Capital Territory under contract and maintaining a visible presence at international airports for counter-terrorism first response and intelligence gathering. Internationally, the AFP deploys personnel to support capacity-building in partner nations, participates in joint operations against illicit finance and drug trafficking, and contributes to missions focused on stabilization. In recent operations, the AFP has prioritized disrupting networks and , with 2024 efforts targeting offshore organized cybercriminal groups through international partnerships and domestic arrests. It manages risks from terrorism-related offenders via assessments and intelligence-led interventions, emphasizing prevention of and protection of . The agency operates under the Attorney-General's portfolio, with governance structures including a appointed for five-year terms and accountability through annual reports to .

Armed Forces of the Philippines

The (AFP) serves as the military organization responsible for national defense, territorial integrity, and support to civil authorities in the Republic of the Philippines. Tracing its formal establishment to the , the AFP originated from the , founded on March 22, 1897, in as the armed wing of General Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary government against Spanish colonial rule. The force operates under civilian control through the Department of National Defense, with the President as commander-in-chief and the overseeing unified operations. The AFP comprises three main service branches: the , focused on ground operations and ; the , which includes the for amphibious and littoral defense; and the , responsible for aerial surveillance, transport, and combat support. These branches are supported by unified commands such as the Northern Luzon Command (NOLCOM), Southern Luzon Command (SOLCOM), Western Command (WESCOM), and Central Command (CENTCOM), along with specialized units including the Health Service Command and Education, Training, and Doctrine Command. In 2025, the Philippines holds a global military power ranking of 41st out of 145 nations, with a Power Index score of 0.6987 reflecting capabilities in manpower, equipment, and logistics, though constrained by budget and modernization gaps. Primary missions include external defense against territorial encroachments, particularly in the , and internal security operations targeting communist insurgents of the and Islamist groups like . For decades, the AFP prioritized domestic threats, conducting campaigns that involved over 200,000 army personnel in ground operations as of recent estimates. However, strategic shifts since the emphasize modernization to address maritime disputes, with programs under Republic Act No. 10349 (the Revised ) acquiring assets like FA-50 fighter jets, Jose Rizal-class frigates, and Sabrah light tanks to enhance interoperability and deterrence. Equipment inventories feature a mix of legacy U.S.-origin systems—such as M16 rifles, M113 armored personnel carriers, and UH-1 helicopters—and newer acquisitions from allies including and , though sustainment challenges persist due to limited funding and maintenance capacity. Active personnel numbers hover around 143,000, supplemented by reserves, enabling operations like the 2017 campaign against ISIS-affiliated militants, which demonstrated capabilities but highlighted equipment shortages. Ongoing efforts focus on , with 70% public support for the AFP's non-partisan stance in domestic politics as of October 2025 surveys, underscoring its role in maintaining stability amid geopolitical tensions.

Health and Medicine

Alpha-fetoprotein

(AFP) is a single-chain with a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa, synthesized predominantly by the fetal in early and subsequently by the fetal liver and . Production peaks during the first trimester, with fetal concentrations reaching up to 3-5 mg/mL by 12-14 weeks, before declining sharply postnatally to adult trace levels due to transcriptional repression of the AFP gene. In healthy non-pregnant adults, AFP concentrations are normally below 10 ng/mL, though reference ranges may vary slightly up to 40 ng/mL without indicating . The biological function of AFP remains incompletely understood, but empirical studies indicate it participates in fetal growth regulation, potentially exerting immunosuppressive effects to prevent maternal-fetal rejection and modulating during embryonic development. Animal models demonstrate AFP's antiestrogenic activity, which influences prenatal pathway development and female , as evidenced by elevated responsiveness in AFP-knockout mice. In oncogenic contexts, AFP re-expression correlates with in malignancies, suggesting a role in tumor immune evasion and proliferation akin to its fetal counterpart. Clinically, AFP measurement in maternal at 15-20 weeks forms part of quadruple screening (with hCG, , and inhibin A) to evaluate fetal and structural defects; elevated levels (>2.5 multiples of the median) signal increased risk of open defects such as or due to leakage into , while low levels (<0.85 multiples) associate with 21 or 18. This screening's positive predictive value derives from large cohort studies, though confirmatory diagnostics like or are essential, as false positives can arise from gestational dating errors or multiple gestations. In non-pregnant contexts, AFP serves as a tumor marker, with levels exceeding 400-500 ng/mL prompting evaluation for (HCC) in at-risk populations (e.g., patients), where it aids early detection alongside imaging, or nonseminomatous tumors of the testes or ovaries. However, AFP lacks specificity for pure seminomas or dysgerminomas and may elevate non-malignantly in acute or , necessitating integrated interpretation with clinical and radiographic data. Serial monitoring tracks treatment response in AFP-producing tumors, with post-therapy normalization correlating to improved prognosis in HCC cohorts.

Acute Flaccid Paralysis

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical characterized by the rapid onset of weakness or in one or more limbs, with loss of and deep tendon reflexes, typically excluding cases attributable to . It primarily affects children under 15 years of age and serves as a key indicator in global surveillance for poliomyelitis, where a minimum detection rate of one AFP case per 100,000 children in this age group is targeted to ensure adequate sensitivity for identifying circulating . AFP encompasses a range of etiologies beyond , with non-polio causes predominating in vaccinated populations. Symptoms usually manifest acutely over hours to days, often following a prodrome of fever, respiratory illness, or gastrointestinal symptoms, and may progress to involve respiratory muscles in severe cases, necessitating mechanical ventilation. The paralysis is flaccid, meaning muscles appear limp without spasticity, distinguishing it from upper motor neuron lesions like cerebral palsy. In poliomyelitis-associated AFP, asymmetry in limb involvement is common, whereas symmetric patterns may suggest Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a frequent non-infectious mimic. Causal agents include infectious pathogens such as wild poliovirus, vaccine-derived polioviruses, non-polio enteroviruses (e.g., enterovirus D68), , and Japanese encephalitis virus, alongside bacterial triggers like preceding GBS. Non-infectious contributors encompass acute , spinal cord infarction, toxins, and neuromuscular disorders like or . In regions with high vaccination coverage, such as , GBS and account for the majority of AFP cases, reflecting a shift from polio dominance post-vaccination campaigns. Epidemiologically, AFP incidence varies by region and etiology; in polio-endemic areas like parts of and , surveillance data from 2011–2020 showed rates meeting or exceeding the WHO threshold, with non-polio AFP comprising over 99% of cases in certified polio-free zones. For instance, in , (2011–2015), the rate was 2.21 per 100,000 children under 15, predominantly in ages 1–5 years. Emerging non-polio enteroviral outbreaks, linked to (a gray matter-predominant AFP subtype), have increased in temperate climates since 2012, with U.S. CDC reporting peaks in odd-numbered years correlating with circulation. Global polio vaccination has reduced paralytic incidence from hundreds of thousands annually pre-1988 to fewer than 100 wild-type cases by , underscoring AFP surveillance's role in certification of eradication. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria—acute flaccid limb weakness without sensory loss—supplemented by analysis (elevated protein with normal cells in GBS), (denervation in anterior horn cell involvement), and like MRI showing spinal cord gray matter lesions in myelitis or AFM. Stool, throat, and rectal swabs are tested for via and culture, with two negative samples 24–48 hours apart required for non-polio classification per WHO protocols. excludes trauma, tumors, and electrolyte imbalances through history and labs. No specific antiviral or curative treatment exists for most AFP etiologies; management is supportive, including to prevent contractures, respiratory support for bulbar involvement, and for residual deficits, which affect 20–80% of severe cases long-term. Empirical therapies like intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or corticosteroids are used in suspected immune-mediated forms (e.g., GBS or AFM) but lack randomized trial evidence of efficacy in altering outcomes. For confirmed polio, post-exposure and are prioritized, though remains irreversible. Prevention hinges on against polio and other neurotropic viruses where available, with early case reporting critical to interrupt transmission.

Technology and Computing

Apple Filing Protocol

The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) is a proprietary developed by for enabling and access between Macintosh computers over a . Originally known as the AppleTalk Filing Protocol, it was introduced in the early 1980s as part of the networking suite to allow workstations to remotely access, manipulate, and manage files on designated AFP servers. AFP operates primarily over port 548, facilitating secure connections with support for user authentication, file locking to prevent concurrent modifications, and granular permissions management. AFP's architecture includes a client-server model where clients issue commands to servers for operations such as enumerating directories, reading/writing files, and handling resource forks—special streams unique to the Macintosh (HFS and later variants). The protocol evolved through multiple versions, with early implementations tied to AppleShare software released in the mid-1980s, becoming a standard feature in (1991) and persisting in subsequent macOS releases for compatibility with legacy environments. Key enhancements in later iterations included support for filenames, improved security via mechanisms like Diffie-Hellman for session encryption, and integration with Apple's Directory Services for centralized authentication. Unlike open standards such as , AFP remained proprietary, optimized for Apple ecosystems but lacking formal IETF standardization, which limited its adoption beyond macOS and compatible third-party servers. Over time, AFP's role diminished as Apple shifted toward cross-platform protocols. It served as the default file-sharing mechanism in macOS until the introduction of SMB2/3 support in macOS 10.7 (2011), after which AFP was positioned as a fallback for specialized Mac-centric needs like backups over networks. Server-side AFP support was removed in macOS 11 (2020), restricting it to client-only functionality. In macOS Sequoia 15.0 (2024), Apple deprecated the AFP client, announcing its planned removal in a future release, citing obsolescence amid broader adoption of and APFS. This deprecation impacts legacy devices like , which rely on AFP for , prompting users to migrate to SMB-compatible alternatives. Third-party implementations, such as those in Netatalk for systems, extended AFP's reach but face similar compatibility challenges post-deprecation.

Professional Associations

Association of Fundraising Professionals

The Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) is a membership-based that supports individuals and institutions engaged in philanthropic . Established in 1960 as the National Society of Fund Raisers, it was the first association to represent individual practitioners rather than solely consulting firms or local groups. By 2025, AFP encompasses approximately 26,000 members organized into over 240 chapters across multiple countries, focusing on elevating professional standards in the sector. AFP's core objectives include advancing via , , , and initiatives, while promoting ethical conduct among members. It enforces adherence to a formal Code of Ethical Principles and Standards, which outlines responsibilities toward donors, clients, and the public, emphasizing , , and avoidance of conflicts of interest. The organization operates through local chapters that deliver networking, training, and community-specific programming, alongside global efforts such as annual conferences that attract thousands for skill-building sessions on topics like donor cultivation and compliance. Although AFP historically administered fundraising credentials, the Certified Fund Raising Executive (CFRE) designation transitioned to independent management by CFRE International in 2017, requiring candidates to demonstrate at least five years of paid experience, pass a 200-question covering knowledge domains such as donor relations and legal frameworks, and commit to ongoing . AFP continues to endorse CFRE and the advanced Advanced Certified Fund Raising Executive (ACFRE) as markers of competence, with over 10,000 professionals holding CFRE status globally as of recent reports. The association also maintains a career center facilitating job placements and provides policy advocacy to safeguard tax incentives for charitable giving and counter regulatory threats to nonprofit operations. Research from AFP, including annual surveys on giving trends, informs members on economic impacts, such as the $557 billion in U.S. charitable contributions recorded in , underscoring fundraising's role in societal funding amid declining government support for certain causes. Chapters often collaborate on relief efforts, channeling member expertise to organizations post-events like hurricanes or pandemics. While self-reported data from members may introduce , AFP's emphasis on verifiable distinguishes it from less regulated networks.

Association for Financial Professionals

The Association for Financial Professionals (AFP) is a professional society headquartered in , that serves treasury and professionals by providing , , , and networking resources to advance their careers and organizational success. Founded in 1980 as a 501(c)(6) nonprofit, AFP focuses on driving innovation in , , and financial planning and analysis (FP&A). It maintains a global network of over 16,000 members, including executives and practitioners from diverse industries. AFP administers two primary certifications: the Certified Treasury Professional (CTP), which establishes the global standard for treasury expertise through rigorous examination of topics like , , and payments systems; and the Certified Corporate FP&A Professional (FPAC), a more recent credential launched to validate skills in budgeting, , and strategic for FP&A roles. Both programs require eligibility criteria such as professional experience and passing a comprehensive exam, with AFP offering preparation courses, scholarships for underrepresented candidates, and maintenance through . The organization conducts annual events, including the AFP Conference for treasury leaders and the FP&A Forum, alongside regional chapters in the United States, , and that deliver localized training and peer networking. AFP also publishes research such as compensation surveys and digital payments reports—for instance, its 2025 survey indicated 30% of respondents were familiar with cryptocurrencies and technologies—and advocates on issues affecting the profession. In 2023, AFP reported revenues of approximately $21.5 million, supporting operations with 57 employees.

Politics

Freedom Front Plus

The Freedom Front Plus (FF+), initially founded as the Freedom Front on 1 March 1994 by retired South African Defence Force general Constand Viljoen, emerged as a splinter from the Afrikaner Volksfront to contest the inaugural post-apartheid national elections on 27 April 1994. The party was established to represent Afrikaner interests through constitutional means, emphasizing group rights and self-determination amid the transition to majority rule. In 2003, it rebranded as Freedom Front Plus after absorbing the Conservative Party of South Africa and the Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging, broadening its appeal while retaining a focus on conservative values. Positioned as a centre-right to right-wing party, the FF+ advocates Afrikaner conservatism, , , and , prioritizing the constitutional protections for cultural communities' under sections 30, 31, 185, and 235 of the South African Constitution. Its policies oppose racial quotas and (BEE), favoring merit-based , skills development, reductions, of state-owned enterprises like and SAA, and to provinces and municipalities to combat and inefficiency. The party promotes free-market reforms to address , critiques over-centralization for exacerbating service delivery failures such as crises, and supports multi-party coalitions to limit (ANC) dominance. Under the leadership of Corné Mulder, elected unopposed as party president in February 2025 following Pieter Groenewald's tenure, the FF+ has repositioned itself as a for various minorities beyond its Afrikaner base, engaging in parliamentary oversight and international advocacy on South African issues. It maintains representation in the and provincial legislatures, where members critique governance failures and advance community-specific initiatives, such as cultural preservation efforts. In the May 2024 general elections, the party campaigned on its priorities, securing seats amid a fragmented political landscape that ended ANC .

People

Individuals with AFP initials or surname

Alfred Fane Peers Fane (11 November 1911 – 18 July 1942), commonly known by the initials A.F.P. Fane, was a motorsport competitor active in the and a officer during the Second World War. Born Alfred Fane Peers Agabeg in Sijua, , to a mining engineer father of descent, he later adopted "Fane" as his surname, derived from his second . Fane began in with a at , achieving a second-place finish in his debut March Mountain Speed event. He specialized in hillclimbing and , driving works single-seaters to multiple victories, including the 1937 Shelsley Walsh hillclimb where he set a class record of 38.77 seconds. Fane's successes extended to circuit races at and , earning him recognition as one of 's most accomplished drivers in . Enlisting in the RAF Volunteer Reserve amid the war, he flew Spitfire PR (photographic reconnaissance) missions as a , completing 25 sorties before dying in a crash during poor weather near Stapleford, , on return from a mission over . His contributions to pre-war were later honored with a memorial race at Goodwood's 79th Members' Meeting in 2022. No other individuals with the initials A.F.P. or the surname AFP have achieved comparable notability in historical records.

Other Uses

Miscellaneous terms and acronyms

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a global news agency headquartered in , , established in 1944 as one of the world's three major wire services, providing comprehensive, verified international coverage through over 2,600 staff including 1,700 journalists. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) refers to a produced primarily by the fetal liver and , detectable in maternal blood during for screening defects and genetic disorders, and postnatally as a for , germ cell tumors, and monitoring treatment response in liver or ovarian cancers. Australian Federal Police (AFP) denotes the national law enforcement agency of , responsible for investigating federal crimes, counter-terrorism, , and , with operations extending to international deployments. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) designates the unified military organization of the Philippines, encompassing the , (including Marines), and , tasked with national defense, , and under the Department of National Defense. Other less common uses include Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), a clinical syndrome associated with surveillance and eradication efforts by the .

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