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AMG

Mercedes-AMG GmbH is a German high-performance automotive manufacturer and wholly owned subsidiary of AG, headquartered in , , specializing in the engineering, tuning, and production of enhanced vehicles for road and motorsport applications. Founded in 1967 by and Erhard Melcher—two engineers passionate about racing—as an independent "engineering, design, and testing office for the development of racing engines," the firm initially focused on optimizing Mercedes powertrains for competitive success, exemplified by early victories like the 1971 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps with a tuned Mercedes 300 SEL 6.8 AMG. The company expanded through a close partnership with starting in the 1970s, formalizing as in 1990 and achieving full integration as a by 1999, with complete ownership by DaimlerChrysler (now ) in 2005, enabling scaled production of models like the CLK 55 AMG and later hypercars such as the SLR . Renowned for its "One Man, One Engine" hand-assembly tradition—ensuring meticulous craftsmanship in V8 and other power units—AMG has secured defining achievements in , including over 50 DTM () titles since 1993, endurance racing triumphs at the 24 Hours of , and, since 2010, eight consecutive Formula One Constructors' Championships via the F1 Team, underscoring its causal emphasis on aerodynamic, chassis, and propulsion innovations derived from track data. While primarily celebrated for engineering excellence and performance benchmarks, AMG has faced scrutiny over environmental impacts of its high-output engines amid tightening emissions regulations, prompting hybrid and electric developments like the Project One , though these shifts have sparked debates on diluting its combustion heritage without compromising output metrics.

Automotive

Mercedes-AMG

GmbH is a German high-performance automotive engineering division and subsidiary of , specializing in the development and production of performance-enhanced versions of vehicles. Founded in 1967 as an independent engineering firm by and Erhard Melcher in Großaspach, , the company's name derives from the founders' surnames and the location of Aufrecht's birthplace. Initially focused on tuning engines for racing and road use, AMG gained prominence through modifications emphasizing increased power output, refined chassis dynamics, and aerodynamic optimizations derived from motorsport testing. In 1999, DaimlerChrysler AG (now Mercedes-Benz Group) acquired a majority stake in AMG, integrating it as a wholly owned subsidiary by 2005 while preserving its independent engineering ethos in Affalterbach. This partnership enabled scaled production of AMG variants across Mercedes-Benz models, with core competencies in hand-assembled engines—following the "one man, one engine" principle for V8 powertrains—and advanced performance features like active aerodynamics and variable all-wheel drive systems validated on tracks such as the Nürburgring. Notable developments include naturally aspirated V8 and V12 engines that powered vehicles like the SLS AMG, featuring a 6.3-liter unit producing up to 563 horsepower, and the subsequent GT series with biturbocharged configurations exceeding 600 horsepower. Recent advancements under incorporate electrified powertrains alongside traditional internal combustion, such as the 4.0-liter V8 biturbo in applications delivering combined outputs over 800 horsepower in models like the GT 63 S E , prioritizing sustained track performance through enhanced thermal management and . These evolutions maintain AMG's focus on empirical performance metrics, including lap times and figures, over aesthetic or marketing-driven changes.

Historical vehicles

AB Motorfabriken i Göteborg (AMG), founded in 1897 in , , initially specialized in manufacturing before expanding to boat engines in 1899. In 1903, the company produced its first automobiles, adapting its stationary engine designs for vehicular . These early AMG vehicles represented a short-lived effort in original car manufacturing, ceasing around 1905 amid limited output and the challenges of nascent . This historical AMG initiative differed markedly from the Mercedes-AMG performance division, established in 1967 by engineers and Erhard Melcher as a tuning specialist focused on enhancing engines and chassis for and high-performance road use, without engaging in independent vehicle production. The Swedish AMG's brief production run highlighted early adaptation of industrial engines to mobility, contrasting the later entity's emphasis on refinement and power upgrades within an established OEM framework.

Mathematics and computing

Algebraic multigrid

Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an extension of multigrid methods designed to solve large-scale sparse linear systems Au = f arising from finite difference or finite element discretizations of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), such as those modeling diffusion or Poisson problems, by constructing a hierarchy of coarser systems purely from the matrix A without requiring geometric mesh information. Unlike geometric multigrid, which relies on structured grids, AMG automates coarsening through algebraic criteria like strong connections in the matrix graph, enabling application to unstructured meshes or matrices from complex geometries. The method originated in the early 1980s, with foundational work by Achi Brandt introducing algebraic principles to multigrid for handling non-geometric settings, followed by the classical algorithm developed collaboratively with Steve McCormick, John Ruge, and Klaus Stüben around 1982, which emphasized robust coarsening and operator-independent setup. This approach achieved convergence rates bounded independently of mesh size h, typically requiring O(N) work for N unknowns, making it suitable for high-performance computing. Core to AMG are intergrid transfer operators: the restriction operator R (often injection or Galerkin-based) averages fine-grid residuals to the coarse level, while the prolongation operator P (e.g., linear interpolation or smoothed aggregation) interpolates coarse corrections to the fine level, with the coarse matrix defined as A_c = R A P to preserve the problem's spectrum. Smoothing steps, such as weighted Jacobi or Gauss-Seidel, dampen high-frequency errors on fine levels before coarse correction addresses low-frequency components, iterated recursively across levels until a direct solve on the coarsest grid. Coarsening strategies, like Ruge-Stüben or aggregation, select coarse variables by thresholding matrix entries to ensure effective error reduction. AMG excels in solving systems from elliptic PDEs in simulations of , electromagnetics, and , where traditional iterative solvers like conjugate gradients converge slowly due to ill-conditioning. In , parallel AMG variants demonstrate excellent weak scalability on multi-core architectures, reducing solution times for matrices with millions of rows by factors of 10-100 over direct methods.

Biology

Amelogenin

Amelogenin comprises a family of hydrophobic proteins that constitute about 90% of the secreted by ameloblasts during the secretory stage of formation, where they orchestrate by controlling the , growth, and orientation of crystals. These proteins are encoded by the AMELX gene on the at locus Xp22.2, which produces the predominant isoforms via , and the homologous AMELY gene on the , which exhibits roughly 10% of AMELX's transcriptional activity. During enamel maturation, amelogenins are proteolytically degraded and resorbed, leaving a highly mineralized acellular structure. In forensic and anthropological applications, serves as a for sex determination through (PCR) amplification of short homologous segments, producing distinct amplicons of approximately 106 base pairs from AMELX and 112 base pairs from AMELY, enabling differentiation of (X-only) from male (X and Y) DNA profiles in degraded or low-quantity samples such as teeth or bones. This method's reliability stems from the genes' pseudoautosomal location and size polymorphism, but rare deletions or point mutations—reported in less than 1% of populations studied—can generate null alleles that fail to amplify, potentially yielding false female results in XY individuals and necessitating confirmatory markers like SRY or additional Y-specific loci. Amelogenin's structure features a disordered N-terminal domain rich in proline and glutamine, facilitating self-assembly into supramolecular nanospheres of 10–20 nm diameter under neutral pH conditions above 6.5, which further organize into linear chains or ribbons to template enamel prism formation. X-ray scattering and diffraction analyses reveal β-sheet formations in advanced aggregates, with pH-dependent transitions from spherical oligomers to amyloid-like fibrils influencing mineral binding and crystal habit. Evolutionarily conserved across mammals and earlier vertebrates, amelogenin motifs reflect ancient roles in biomineralization, with null mutations in AMELX causing hypoplastic enamel defects akin to X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, underscoring its non-redundant function despite partial AMELY compensation.

Entertainment

AMG (rapper)

AMG, born Jason Lewis on September 29, 1970, in , , is an American rapper associated with . He relocated to , , during his youth and later to the Los Angeles area, including Compton and , where he developed his style rooted in and party-oriented themes. AMG gained initial exposure in 1991 through guest appearances on DJ Quik's debut album , contributing to tracks such as "," "Tear It Off," and "Skanless." His solo debut album, Bitch Betta Have My Money, released on December 3, 1991, via Select Records, featured explicit lyrics focused on pimping, partying, and street life, with production largely handled by AMG himself alongside collaborators like . The became a notable hit, peaking at number 48 on the Hot Rap Singles chart and exemplifying the unapologetically crude, funk-infused sound of early amid debates over explicit content in . AMG's follow-up, Ballin' Outta Control in 1995 under , continued this formula with tracks emphasizing bravado and hedonism, solidifying his niche in the genre's rawer, less commercialized segment. Subsequent releases included Pimp's Anthem in 1997 and compilations like Greatest Humps Volume One in 2002, often through independent or smaller labels, reflecting a shift toward self-produced work and collaborations with artists such as and . AMG maintained a for his straightforward, profane delivery, distinct from the more narrative-driven of contemporaries, though commercial success remained limited compared to mainstream acts. By the , he continued sporadic independent output, including remixes and features, preserving his reputation for unaltered, party-centric rap without significant mainstream revival.

Military and government

Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories

The Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories (AMG), initially designated AMGOT, was formed in early 1943 under to provide of civilian populations in territories liberated during operations, beginning with the invasion of on July 10, 1943. This structure emphasized direct control over local governance, economic stabilization, and public welfare to prevent chaos, famine, and sabotage, operating through regional commissions that dissolved fascist organizations while cooperating with existing administrative bodies where feasible. AMGOT teams accompanied assault troops, establishing provisional governments that prioritized food distribution—importing over 1 million tons of supplies to by late 1943—and infrastructure repair to sustain populations amid wartime devastation. In after the , , mainland landings, AMG extended operations northward, managing territories up to the Gustav Line by administering justice, currency (using Allied military lire), and labor allocation, which mitigated immediate postwar risks through centralized systems that fed millions despite logistical strains from German retreats and . However, inefficiencies emerged, including delays in that exacerbated initial food shortages in —where per capita rations fell below 2,000 calories daily in some areas during July-August —and bureaucratic overlaps between American and British commands, leading to criticisms of over-centralization and slow adaptation to local needs. These direct-control measures proved causally effective in stabilizing regions compared to decentralized local , as evidenced by reduced black-market and restored agricultural output, though tensions arose with Italian authorities seeking post-armistice, prompting AMG's gradual shift to advisory roles by 1944. Following Germany's surrender in May 1945, AMG principles informed occupation governance in western zones, coordinated via the and implemented nationally through bodies like the U.S. Office of Military Government under General , who directed denazification efforts screening over 13 million Germans via questionnaires to purge Nazi influences from public offices and industries. Key reforms included the June 20, 1948, currency replacement of Reichsmarks with the in the Trizone, which halted (reducing by 93%) and dismantled , sparking industrial production growth from 51% of 1936 levels in 1947 to 78% by 1948. Denazification, while comprehensive—dismissing 500,000 officials initially—faced critiques for procedural inconsistencies and overreach, yet empirically supported societal reconfiguration by enabling non-Nazi leadership integration. AMG's centralized approach laid administrative foundations for aid absorption, fostering economic recovery through verified metrics like halved rates by 1949, though local resentments over occupation durations persisted until sovereignty transfers in 1949-1955.

Other uses

Financial firms

Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. () is a global company that invests in and partners with firms to offer diversified equity, fixed income, alternative, and multi-asset strategies to institutional and individual investors. Founded in December 1993 by William J. Nutt in , , AMG operates a decentralized model, holding minority or majority stakes in affiliates while allowing them operational autonomy to generate specialized returns. Headquartered in , the firm went public on the under the ticker AMG in 1997 and has since expanded through strategic affiliations, emphasizing long-term partnerships over direct management. As of the second quarter of 2025, AMG reported aggregate (AUM) of $771 billion, reflecting net client cash inflows exceeding $8 billion in the period and growth in higher-fee alternative assets, including a 50% increase in private markets AUM to $150 billion since 2022. The company's strategy focuses on boutique affiliates' alpha generation, contributing to economic of $5.39 in Q2 2025, up from prior periods amid market volatility. AMG's includes returning capital to shareholders through buybacks and dividends, with institutional ownership exceeding 800 entities as of recent filings. Other entities using the AMG initials in financial services include Association Management Group, which provides accounting and financial oversight for homeowners associations and non-profits, primarily in the , handling budgeting, collections, and reporting but without the scale of operations. These smaller firms lack the global AUM or public market presence of , focusing instead on localized administrative finance for community organizations.

Slang terms

In automotive enthusiast communities, particularly those focused on luxury performance vehicles, "AMG" serves as slang for "All Money Gone," a jocular reference to the financial depletion often resulting from acquiring and upkeeping models, which feature premium pricing starting above $100,000 for base variants and elevated maintenance costs due to specialized components. This informal reinterpretation gained traction in online car forums during the early , as evidenced by discussions on platforms like MBWorld.org where users quipped about the in threads soliciting humorous expansions. The term circulates without institutional support, distinguishing it from formalized acronyms, and appears in social media contexts such as and videos highlighting real-world ownership anecdotes of high fuel consumption, repair bills exceeding routine vehicle averages, and challenges. For instance, posts from 2010 onward pair it with similar jests for other marques, underscoring a pattern of born from shared experiences of cost-intensive hobbies rather than any structured . Its persistence reflects observable patterns in enthusiast , where the phrase encapsulates the allure of excellence against pragmatic fiscal realities, without implying universal outcomes for all owners.