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Americans for Democratic Action

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) is an independent liberal political advocacy organization founded in 1947 by prominent figures including Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Hubert Humphrey, Walter Reuther, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and Reinhold Niebuhr to advance non-communist progressive policies amid postwar debates over liberalism's direction.^[1]^[2] Established shortly after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death and the 1946 midterm losses for Democrats, ADA emerged as a deliberate counter to communist-influenced factions within the broader left, emphasizing anti-totalitarian liberalism rooted in the New Deal tradition while rejecting alliances with Soviet sympathizers or Henry Wallace's Progressive Party.^[1]^[2]^[3] The organization's core mission centers on lobbying for civil rights and liberties, social and economic justice, pragmatic foreign policy, and environmental sustainability, operating through grassroots mobilization of its membership—historically numbering in the tens of thousands—and strategic coalitions in Washington, D.C.^[4] ADA has maintained a consistent focus on holding elected officials accountable via its annual legislative scorecards, which evaluate members of Congress based on alignment with liberal priorities such as expanded social welfare, labor protections, and opposition to militaristic overreach.^[5] Since endorsing Harry Truman's 1948 reelection, ADA has backed every Democratic presidential nominee, influencing policy debates by pioneering advocacy for civil rights legislation in the 1940s and 1950s, anti-poverty initiatives and education reforms in the 1960s, environmental protections in the ensuing decades, and recent minimum wage hikes.^[1] Notable for its longevity as the nation's oldest active liberal lobbying group, ADA has shaped American politics by distinguishing "vital center" liberalism from both conservative retrenchment and radical leftism, notably opposing the Vietnam War escalation, Richard Nixon's domestic surveillance, Ronald Reagan's supply-side economics, and the Iraq War under George W. Bush.^[4]^[1] While its influence peaked during mid-20th-century Democratic ascendance, the group continues operations through state chapters, candidate endorsements, and projects like Working Families Win, which educates citizens on policy impacts, though it has faced criticism from the right for promoting expansive government intervention and from some on the left for insufficient radicalism on issues like foreign interventions.^[4]^[6]

History

Formation and Founding

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) was established on January 3, 1947, in Washington, D.C., by a coalition of prominent liberals seeking to counter communist influence within progressive and Democratic circles.^[2] It emerged as the successor to the Union for Democratic Action, a World War II-era interventionist group founded in 1940 that emphasized anti-totalitarian principles and opposition to both fascist and communist ideologies.^[7] The formation was driven by fears of Soviet-inspired subversion in American liberalism, particularly after the war, when groups like the Progressive Citizens of America tolerated communist affiliations, prompting ADA founders to create a explicitly non-communist alternative dedicated to democratic liberalism.^[8]^[1] Key founders included Eleanor Roosevelt, economist John Kenneth Galbraith, labor leader Walter Reuther, historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr., theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, and Senator Hubert Humphrey, among others such as Wilson Wyatt, who served as the first national chairman.^[4]^[1] These figures, drawn from politics, academia, labor, and civil society, aimed to preserve New Deal-era commitments to social welfare and economic fairness while firmly rejecting totalitarian influences.^[1] Their motivations stemmed from a commitment to first-principles liberal democracy, viewing communism as an existential threat incompatible with individual freedoms and pluralistic governance.^[7] From its inception, ADA prioritized support for President Harry Truman's containment policy, articulated in the Truman Doctrine of March 1947, which sought to limit Soviet expansion through aid to nations resisting communism, such as Greece and Turkey.^[9] The organization advocated purging pro-Soviet elements from Democratic coalitions to strengthen the party's anti-communist credentials ahead of the 1948 election, positioning itself as a bulwark against ideological infiltration in labor unions, intellectual circles, and political alliances.^[10] This founding ethos distinguished ADA as an independent, issue-oriented lobby focused on empirical threats to democracy rather than partisan loyalty.^[4]

Early Anti-Communist Stance

Upon its founding in January 1947, the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) established itself as a bulwark against communist infiltration of American liberalism, issuing a foundational declaration rejecting any association with communists or their sympathizers to preserve a non-totalitarian progressive agenda amid rising Soviet postwar aggression in Eastern Europe.^[11]^[1] This stance reflected empirical realities such as the 1946-1949 consolidation of Soviet dominance in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Berlin, which underscored the need to excise fellow travelers from domestic institutions like labor unions and political coalitions.^[12] Founders including labor leader Walter Reuther advocated purging Communist Party loyalists from union leadership, aligning with anti-communist mechanisms in the Taft-Hartley Act of June 1947 that mandated affidavits disavowing communism for union officers.^[13] In 1948, ADA vehemently opposed Henry Wallace's Progressive Party presidential bid, labeling it a pro-communist front that threatened Democratic unity and echoed Soviet foreign policy apologetics, as evidenced by Wallace's platform minimizing U.S.-USSR tensions and criticizing containment efforts.^[14]^[15] This opposition contributed to Wallace's marginal electoral performance, garnering under 2.4% of the vote, and helped solidify a non-communist liberal base within the Democratic Party by marginalizing pro-Soviet elements.^[16] ADA further championed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's establishment on April 4, 1949, as a collective defense mechanism against Soviet expansionism, consistent with its commitment to robust anti-communist foreign policy and rejection of isolationism or appeasement.^[17]^[18] Domestically, the organization influenced party purges of suspected communists during the early McCarthy period (1950-1952), endorsing targeted investigations backed by evidence—such as Venona decrypts revealing Soviet espionage networks—while decrying Senator Joseph McCarthy's unsubstantiated accusations and procedural excesses as counterproductive to legitimate anti-communist goals.^[19] By 1954, following McCarthy's Senate censure on December 2, ADA leaders declared the "end of the McCarthy era," prioritizing principled liberalism over demagoguery.^[20]

Cold War Era Expansion

During the 1950s and 1960s, Americans for Democratic Action experienced organizational growth, expanding to thousands of members and establishing active local chapters across the United States, which facilitated broader grassroots engagement in liberal causes. This period aligned with heightened Cold War tensions, where ADA upheld its founding commitment to anti-communism while promoting domestic reforms to counter Soviet ideological influence through demonstrations of American democratic vitality. The group's advocacy reflected confidence in government's capacity to address social inequities, evidenced by its push for education reform and robust anti-poverty measures that paralleled the era's welfare state expansions.^[1] ADA endorsed key elements of President John F. Kennedy's New Frontier agenda, including federal initiatives for economic stimulus and social welfare, viewing them as essential to sustaining liberal democracy against totalitarian alternatives. Under President Lyndon B. Johnson, the organization supported the Great Society's legislative priorities, notably lobbying for and celebrating the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and the creation of Medicare in 1965 to provide health insurance for those over 65. These positions stemmed from ADA's longstanding civil rights advocacy, extended into the 1960s via influential members like Hubert Humphrey, who played a central role in drafting and passing such bills in Congress.^[1]^[21]^[22] On foreign policy, ADA initially backed containment strategies to check communist expansion, consistent with its rejection of isolationism and appeasement. However, by the late 1960s, it opposed escalation of the Vietnam War, breaking with Johnson after previously tolerating limited involvement, as prolonged military commitment undermined domestic priorities and fiscal resources needed for social programs. This shift highlighted internal debates over balancing anti-communist resolve with pragmatic limits on intervention, culminating in vocal criticism of the war's costs by 1968.^[21]^[1]^[23]

Post-1960s Shifts

In the 1970s, Americans for Democratic Action maintained its opposition to Republican economic policies under Presidents Nixon and Ford, criticizing Nixon's approach to inflation and wage controls amid stagflation, while advocating for expanded social welfare and anti-poverty measures. Under National Chairman Allard K. Lowenstein from 1971 to 1973, the organization highlighted Nixon's failures in domestic policy, including environmental inaction prior to major legislative pushes. ADA also championed pioneering environmental protection initiatives, supporting the Clean Air Act amendments and related regulations, though these coincided with broader liberal concerns about implementation costs during economic downturns characterized by high inflation and unemployment rates averaging over 6% from 1974 to 1975.^[1]^[24] The group initially aligned with President Carter's emphasis on human rights in foreign policy, endorsing his administration's early efforts to integrate moral considerations into diplomacy, as articulated in speeches to ADA gatherings. However, by 1979, ADA shifted to criticizing Carter for "abandoned promises" on domestic fronts like energy policy and welfare reform, adopting a resolution to oppose his reelection and urging support for Senator Edward Kennedy. This reflected internal liberal frustrations with Carter's fiscal conservatism amid persistent stagflation, where inflation peaked at 13.5% in 1980.^[25]^[26]^[27] During the Reagan era, ADA vehemently opposed deregulation initiatives, including those targeting broadcasting and financial sectors, viewing them as a retreat from social democratic commitments to worker protections and public interest standards. Under chairmen like Robert F. Drinan (1981-1984) and Barney Frank (1984-1986), the organization framed Reagan's supply-side economics and reduced regulatory oversight as exacerbating inequality, with ADA voting records consistently scoring Reagan-era policies low on liberal criteria. As the Democratic coalition evolved toward greater emphasis on identity-based advocacy, including sustained support for affirmative action programs to address racial and gender disparities, ADA adapted by incorporating these into its civil rights platform, while critiquing globalization's early impacts through calls for fair trade. Concurrently, the exodus of anti-communist liberals—precursors to neoconservatives disillusioned by the left's accommodation of cultural radicalism and foreign policy dovishness—contributed to ADA's narrowing focus on domestic progressivism and a relative decline in broader ideological influence within the party.^[1]^[28]^[29]

Leadership and Organization

Founders

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) was established on January 3, 1947, in Washington, D.C., by a coalition of liberal intellectuals, labor leaders, and political figures committed to advancing New Deal-style reforms while explicitly rejecting communist influence within progressive circles.^[1]^[7] Key founders included Eleanor Roosevelt, who played a pivotal role in linking President Franklin D. Roosevelt's legacy of social welfare and internationalism to postwar American liberalism, emphasizing democratic freedoms over totalitarian ideologies.^[1] Hubert Humphrey, then a young Minnesota mayor and early national chairman, contributed by advocating for civil rights advancements grounded in pragmatic, non-radical coalitions that prioritized integration and economic opportunity without endorsing revolutionary upheaval.^[30]^[7] Intellectual founders such as Reinhold Niebuhr and John Kenneth Galbraith provided the philosophical and economic underpinnings for ADA's anti-totalitarian stance. Niebuhr, a theologian known for his Christian realism, critiqued utopian ideologies—whether fascist, communist, or naively idealistic—as ignoring human sinfulness and power dynamics, urging liberals to balance moral aspirations with pragmatic containment of threats like Soviet expansionism.^[1] Galbraith, an economist, championed government intervention to foster "countervailing power" against corporate concentrations, viewing state action as essential for market regulation and social equity without veering into collectivist extremes.^[1]^[31] Labor representation came through figures like Walter Reuther, president of the United Auto Workers, who prioritized purging communist elements from unions to build anti-totalitarian worker organizations focused on collective bargaining, wage gains, and alliance with democratic capitalism rather than class-struggle narratives that aligned with Soviet agendas.^[1]^[32] This founding coalition reflected a deliberate effort to reclaim liberalism from fellow travelers, fostering a movement rooted in empirical defenses of freedom, empirical economic planning, and realism about global ideological conflicts.^[6]^[30]

Chairs, Presidents, and Key Figures

James E. Doyle co-chaired the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) from 1954 to 1955 alongside Arthur Schlesinger Jr., steering the organization toward an independent liberalism that rejected both rigid conservatism and communist influences, thereby reinforcing ADA's early anti-totalitarian stance amid McCarthy-era pressures.^[1]^[33] Schlesinger, as a founding intellectual, further shaped this direction by advocating for a "vital center" liberalism that prioritized empirical policy over ideological extremes, helping sustain ADA's focus on democratic reforms without populist drifts.^[1]^[34] In the 1980s, amid Reagan-era challenges to social programs, leaders like Representative Robert F. Drinan (chair, 1981–1984) and Representative Barney Frank (national president, 1984–1986) directed ADA's advocacy to defend the welfare state and progressive taxation, countering supply-side economics through targeted congressional scorecards and lobbying that highlighted empirical failures of deregulation.^[1] Frank's tenure particularly emphasized fiscal realism in liberal policy, pushing back against budget cuts with data-driven critiques of inequality exacerbation.^[1] Don Kusler, serving as national director since 2001, has overseen ADA's shift to digital advocacy tools, including online voting records and mobilization platforms, adapting the organization's traditional scoring methodology to contemporary data analytics for broader reach in progressive coalitions as of 2025.^[35] This evolution under Kusler maintained ADA's core empirical focus on legislative accountability while expanding influence beyond print-era limitations.^[35]

Ideology and Policy Advocacy

Core Principles

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) espouses a foundational commitment to liberal democracy, centering on the inherent dignity of the individual, civil liberties, and the extension of democratic freedoms to all citizens. Established in 1947 to preserve the New Deal legacy, ADA views government as essential for safeguarding personal freedoms against both domestic inequalities and external threats like totalitarianism.^[1] This includes advocacy for civil rights protections, free expression, and due process, positioning these as bulwarks against authoritarianism.^[4] Economically, ADA principles endorse a mixed economy where free markets are harnessed but corrected through state regulation to mitigate inherent tendencies toward concentration of power and wealth disparities. The organization supports progressive taxation, public investment in infrastructure and social welfare programs, and labor rights to ensure broad-based prosperity, rejecting laissez-faire approaches that prioritize unregulated competition over equitable distribution.^[4] Simultaneously, ADA firmly opposes Marxist collectivism and centralized planning, having originated as an explicitly anticommunist alternative within liberalism to counter Soviet influence and fellow-traveling elements in progressive circles.^[36] In foreign policy, ADA champions internationalism, favoring collective security arrangements and multilateral engagement to promote democratic values globally while containing aggressive ideologies. Although ADA emphasizes policy advocacy grounded in practical outcomes, its core framework historically subordinates strict efficiency calculations—such as cost-benefit analyses of government interventions—to goals of social equity and moral imperatives, reflecting a belief that empirical data should serve justice-oriented ends rather than constrain expansive state roles.^[4]

Evolving Positions

Initially concentrated on economic policies aligned with New Deal principles, such as labor rights and anti-poverty measures, ADA's advocacy in the 1950s emphasized civil rights advancements amid its founding commitment to liberal internationalism and domestic reform.^[1] By the 1960s, the organization broadened its scope to include education reform and expanded anti-poverty initiatives, reflecting responses to emerging social welfare needs documented in federal legislation like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.^[1] During the late 1960s and 1970s, ADA incorporated environmental protection into its platform, supporting measures such as the Clean Air Act of 1970 and advocating for regulatory frameworks to address pollution and resource conservation, marking a pivot toward ecological concerns alongside traditional economic liberalism.^[1] This era also saw initial alignment with women's rights through endorsements of gender equity policies, building on the legacy of founders like Eleanor Roosevelt, who had championed women's political participation since the 1920s, though formalized organizational emphasis grew with the broader feminist movement's influence on Democratic priorities.^[1]^[37] In 1972, ADA proposed a foundational plan for universal single-payer healthcare, establishing long-term advocacy for comprehensive coverage that persisted into the post-2000 period, including support for expansions like the Affordable Care Act while critiquing incomplete implementations for leaving gaps in access.^[38] By the 1990s, positions evolved to prioritize fair trade agreements over unrestricted globalization, opposing pacts perceived to undermine worker protections, such as those echoing NAFTA's labor displacement effects observed in manufacturing sectors post-1994.^[1] Post-2000, ADA's agenda further integrated climate action, urging carbon reduction policies and renewable energy transitions in response to scientific consensus on anthropogenic warming, as evidenced by endorsements of cap-and-trade proposals and international accords like the Paris Agreement.^[37] This expansion paralleled inclusions of broader social issues, with voting records reflecting support for legislation advancing women's reproductive rights and, increasingly, protections against discrimination in areas affecting sexual orientation and gender identity, though explicit LGBTQ-focused advocacy emerged more prominently in alignment with evolving Democratic platforms rather than standalone early initiatives.^[39]^[37]

Voting Records Methodology

Vote Selection Process

The Americans for Democratic Action selects 20 key congressional votes each year for inclusion in its annual voting records, focusing on roll-call votes from the House and Senate.^[39] This process begins with the organization's Legislative Committee identifying votes considered most significant during the congressional session.^[39] The committee's selections emphasize issues across social, economic, domestic, and international policy domains, prioritizing those with substantial perceived effects on advancing democratic values such as civil liberties, economic equity, and effective governance.^[39] Once compiled, the proposed list of 20 votes undergoes approval by ADA's National Board and/or National Executive Committee to ensure alignment with the organization's priorities.^[39] Staff analysis drives the evaluation of potential votes, drawing on legislative developments and their alignment with liberal policy objectives, though the committee incorporates broader organizational oversight rather than direct public or member voting input.^[39] Examples of prioritized areas include protections for labor rights, anti-discrimination measures, and expansions of social welfare programs, often at the expense of votes centered on fiscal restraint or deregulation.^[40]^[41] This methodology has maintained consistency since ADA's inception in 1947, with the first voting records issued for the 80th Congress (1947–1948).^[39] Over time, selections have adapted to evolving debates, incorporating contemporary issues such as healthcare access reforms in the 2010s and pandemic-related economic relief in the 2020s, while retaining a core emphasis on votes that test adherence to progressive stances on equality and government intervention.^[42]^[40] The fixed number of 20 votes ensures a focused assessment, avoiding dilution across less consequential legislation.^[39]

Scoring and Analysis

The Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) calculates ideological scores, known as Liberal Quotients, by selecting 20 key roll-call votes per congressional session that reflect core liberal positions on social, economic, and foreign policy issues. Legislators earn 5 points for each vote aligning with ADA's advocated stance and 0 points for opposition or absence, resulting in a score out of 100 representing the percentage of "liberal" votes.^[39]^[43] These scores are published annually in voting records reports, enabling rankings of members of Congress by degree of alignment with liberal priorities, from 100% for perfect adherence to lower percentages indicating deviation.^[39] The methodology extends to presidents, evaluating their support for liberal positions through actions such as signing or vetoing bills tied to the key votes, executive orders, and policy stances on the selected issues, as well as to state legislators in various legislatures using comparable vote selections tailored to state-level proceedings.^[39]^[44] As ideological metrics, ADA scores inform donor strategies among liberal contributors seeking candidates with high ratings for campaign funding decisions and shape media portrayals of politicians' reliability on progressive causes within partisan contexts.^[39] Empirical constraints arise from the system's treatment of abstentions and absences as equivalent to opposition, assigning no points without differentiating underlying causes like scheduling conflicts or procedural disputes, which can distort representation of attendance patterns.^[43]^[45] Additionally, reliance on a limited set of 20 votes, chosen by ADA to emphasize ideological divides, disregards broader legislative context and the multifaceted influences on voting behavior, thereby producing a unidimensional left-right spectrum that simplifies complex policy deliberations.^[44]^[43]

Influence and Activities

Electoral and Lobbying Efforts

The Americans for Democratic Action maintains a Political Action Committee (ADA/PAC) dedicated to electing liberal candidates to the United States House of Representatives and Senate by providing financial contributions and endorsements aligned with its ideological criteria.^[46]^[47] Established shortly after the organization's founding in 1947, these efforts have included backing progressive challengers in Democratic primaries to displace incumbents with conservative voting records, aiming to strengthen liberal influence within the party.^[48] For instance, in 1976, ADA endorsed Morris Udall's presidential candidacy as a liberal alternative within the Democratic field.^[49] In competitive congressional races, ADA/PAC directs funds to amplify progressive candidates, with contributions tracked through federal election disclosures showing targeted support for those demonstrating alignment with liberal priorities over electoral cycles.^[50] This fundraising and expenditure strategy prioritizes races where ideological shifts could alter legislative balances, though the scale of contributions remains modest compared to larger party-affiliated committees.^[51] On lobbying fronts, ADA engages in direct Capitol Hill advocacy to influence legislation, including pushes for renewals and enforcement of the Voting Rights Act to protect electoral access.^[52] The group has also weighed in on procedural debates, such as advocating for reforms to curb filibusters that obstruct civil rights bills, as evidenced by its support for easier invocation of cloture rules in the mid-20th century.^[53] These efforts complement electoral activities by pressuring lawmakers on key votes, often through coordinated campaigns with allied organizations to sustain momentum for liberal-leaning measures.^[54]

Policy Campaigns

Americans for Democratic Action has endorsed the Medicare for All Act, including its 2023 reintroduction by Senator Bernie Sanders, which proposes a single-payer national health insurance system to cover all U.S. residents for comprehensive care without premiums or copayments, aiming to eliminate private insurance duplication and lower per-capita costs through centralized administration.^[55] The organization collaborates with health advocacy groups to promote this model, asserting that empirical data on administrative efficiencies in single-payer systems, such as Canada's, demonstrate causal reductions in healthcare disparities tied to income levels.^[56] In economic policy, ADA led a nationwide week of action from late March 2023 to advocate raising the federal minimum wage, building on prior efforts like the 1998 Campaign for a Fair Minimum Wage that sought a $1 increase to partially offset erosion in real wages since 1997, when the rate stood at $5.15 per hour.^[57]^[58] Partnering with labor unions such as the AFL-CIO, ADA's initiatives emphasize data showing that wage floors above inflation-adjusted poverty lines correlate with lower poverty rates and higher labor force participation, countering claims of job loss through analyses of state-level increases.^[59] Responding to the 2008 financial crisis, ADA urged comprehensive fiscal interventions, supporting the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 that authorized $700 billion for asset purchases to stabilize banks and the $819.5 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which funded infrastructure and unemployment extensions to sustain aggregate demand amid GDP contraction of 4.3% in 2009.^[52]^[60] These campaigns, aligned with allies in civil rights coalitions, prioritized stimulus over austerity measures, citing multiplier effects from government spending—estimated at 1.5 to 2.0 by economists—as key to averting deeper deflationary spirals and preserving causal pathways to employment recovery.^[52] ADA maintains ongoing advocacy on judicial issues through monitoring Supreme Court and lower court impacts on policy domains like labor rights and environmental regulations, though specific reform drives focus on legislative responses to rulings perceived as undermining statutory intent, such as expansions of executive authority.^[61] Alliances with groups like the NAACP underscore ADA's framing of judicial balance as integral to enforcing equality-oriented laws, with campaigns linking court composition to outcomes in voting rights cases that empirically affect minority representation.^[6]

Criticisms and Controversies

Ideological Bias in Evaluations

Critics of the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) argue that its methodology for evaluating congressional votes embeds an ideological bias by selectively choosing "key votes" that predispose toward left-leaning interpretations of liberalism, often equating government expansion with democratic progress regardless of outcomes. ADA annually selects approximately 20 roll-call votes deemed pivotal for liberal positions, a process that political scientists describe as purposive sampling prone to bias, as the chosen votes amplify ideological extremes rather than neutrally capturing legislator preferences.^[44]^[62] This contrasts with dimension-based models like NOMINATE, which analyze all available roll-call data for a more objective ideological mapping, highlighting how ADA's curated set can distort scores by overemphasizing interventionist stances on issues like welfare expansion.^[44] A specific manifestation of this bias appears in ADA's treatment of pro-government intervention votes, such as those increasing welfare spending, which receive liberal scores even amid evidence linking sustained high expenditures to entrenched dependency cycles that undermine self-sufficiency. For instance, analyses of pre-1996 welfare systems showed that expansive programs correlated with reduced work participation and prolonged reliance, yet ADA frameworks persist in valorizing such interventions as core to "democratic" values without adjusting for these causal effects. This approach normalizes metrics that prioritize immediate equity measures over long-term empirical validity, sidelining data on how dependency incentives—rooted in benefit cliffs and disincentives—perpetuate poverty traps rather than alleviate them. Furthermore, ADA's evaluations undervalue or omit conservative-oriented reforms emphasizing individual agency, such as school choice initiatives, despite implementation data from programs in states like Florida and Wisconsin demonstrating improved academic outcomes and parental satisfaction for participating students. By rarely incorporating or positively scoring such votes, ADA's system reflects a structural preference for centralized public systems, excluding evidence-based alternatives that enhance competition and accountability while maintaining a focus on progressive institutional preservation over adaptive, outcome-driven policies.^[63] This selective lens contributes to a broader critique that ADA's "liberal quotient" reinforces ideological priors at the expense of fiscal sustainability, as votes expanding entitlements without corresponding revenue reforms are routinely affirmed as virtuous, irrespective of mounting debt trajectories.

Empirical and Fiscal Critiques

Critics of ADA-endorsed expansive entitlement programs, such as those expanded under the Great Society initiatives of the 1960s, argue that these policies failed to deliver sustainable poverty reduction proportional to their fiscal costs, instead fostering dependency and contributing to long-term budgetary imbalances. The U.S. poverty rate for African Americans declined from approximately 87% in 1940 to 47% by 1960—prior to major welfare expansions—driven largely by migration to urban opportunities and cultural adaptations, but fell only to 30% by 1970 and stagnated around 29% through subsequent decades despite trillions in anti-poverty spending.^[64]^[65] Overall poverty dropped sharply from 1964 to 1973 (by 42%), but progress slowed markedly thereafter, with only an 8.5 percentage point decline from 1980 to 2010 amid escalating federal outlays exceeding $20 trillion (adjusted for inflation) since 1965, suggesting diminishing returns and unintended incentives against work and family formation.^[66]^[67] Economists like Thomas Sowell attribute this to welfare's erosion of cultural norms, such as two-parent households, which correlated with rising out-of-wedlock births (from 24% in 1965 to over 70% by 2010 among low-income groups), a factor more predictive of child poverty persistence than contemporaneous discrimination.^[68] Fiscal analyses highlight how such entitlements inflated federal debt trajectories without commensurate economic gains, as mandatory spending surged from 28% of the budget in 1960 to over 60% by the 2010s, crowding out productive investments. While debt-to-GDP fell from postwar peaks to about 32% by 1980 due to growth and inflation, the structural commitments locked in rising interest burdens—projected to reach 3.9% of GDP by 2034—exacerbating intergenerational inequities without resolving root behavioral drivers of poverty.^[69]^[70] ADA's advocacy for stringent environmental regulations and skepticism toward unrestricted trade has drawn empirical rebuke for overlooking innovation's role in emissions reductions and the growth benefits of comparative advantage. U.S. air pollution deaths plummeted 90% from 1970 to 2020, largely through technological advances like cleaner fuels and engines rather than regulatory mandates alone, yet policies prioritizing command-and-control measures often delay infrastructure permitting, inadvertently hindering low-carbon transitions such as renewable deployment.^[71] For instance, extended environmental reviews under laws like NEPA have ballooned project timelines, correlating with slower grid modernization needed for electrification, thus impeding market-driven decarbonization.^[72] On trade, opposition to liberalization ignores evidence that post-WWII tariff reductions boosted GDP growth by 1-2% annually via specialization, with innovation in sectors like semiconductors thriving under open markets; protective stances risk forgoing these gains, as seen in slower poverty alleviation in protectionist economies compared to export-led developers.^[73] Longitudinal data challenges ADA-aligned narratives positing systemic racism as the dominant causal factor in racial disparities, favoring evidence for behavioral and cultural variables. Studies tracking cohorts from the 1960s onward show that family structure and educational choices explain up to 80% of income gaps between groups, with Asian Americans outperforming despite historical discrimination, attributable to cultural emphases on delayed gratification and academic investment rather than institutional barriers alone.^[68] Sowell's analysis of immigrant groups reveals that pre-1960s black progress—e.g., rising literacy and homeownership—mirrored cultural shifts akin to Jewish or Irish trajectories, disrupted not by intensifying racism but by policy-induced family breakdown, with single-parent households predicting 4-5 times higher poverty risk across races in panel data. While self-reported discrimination correlates with health metrics in cross-sections, causal inference from fixed-effects models in longitudinal surveys attributes persistent outcomes more to modifiable behaviors like substance use and work ethic than fixed structural factors.^[74]^[75] These findings, drawn from sources less prone to ideological filtering than mainstream academia, underscore culture's primacy in causal chains over exogenous discrimination.^[76]

Internal and External Disputes

Upon its formation in 1947, the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) adopted a staunch anticommunist platform, deliberately excluding radicals and communists who had aligned with Henry Wallace's Progressive Party or exhibited sympathy toward Soviet policies, effectively purging such elements to safeguard liberal principles against totalitarian infiltration. This foundational stance, driven by figures like Eleanor Roosevelt and Hubert Humphrey, instilled a lasting aversion to ideological conformity within the organization but also precipitated internal debates over the extent of anti-anti-communism—particularly whether to vigorously defend civil liberties for those accused of communist ties amid McCarthy-era pressures.^[11]^[36] These early internal frictions over purity versus tolerance subsided relative to external clashes, as the ADA maintained cohesion on core issues like civil rights and economic liberalism, though its shift toward more activist liberalism in later decades strained relations with party moderates wary of escalating confrontations with institutional norms. Externally, conservatives consistently lambasted the ADA as a vanguard for unchecked federal expansion, with groups like the American Conservative Union countering its legislative scorecards that rewarded votes for welfare state growth and regulatory interventions, portraying ADA-endorsed policies as fiscally unsustainable and erosive of individual liberties. The organization's early opposition to Vietnam War escalation, formalized by 1962 and intensified after 1965, fractured alliances with interventionist Democrats, culminating in a public rift with President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968 when ADA leaders like Arthur Schlesinger Jr. accused the administration of obstructing peace initiatives.^[77]^[78] Such positions exacerbated perceptions of the ADA as prioritizing ideological purity over pragmatic governance. Debates over Senate filibuster reforms further highlighted these tensions; the ADA advocated revising cloture rules in 1959 to curb obstructionism on civil rights bills, a move critics decried as subordinating constitutional checks on majority power to partisan ends.^[79]^[80]

Recent Developments

Activities in the 2020s

In the early 2020s, amid disputes over the 2020 presidential election results, ADA condemned the January 6, 2021, Capitol events as an insurrection and mobilized against participants via petitions barring alleged insurrectionists from ballots.^[81] The organization supported the Electoral Count Reform Act of 2022 to clarify certification processes and prevent future disruptions, framing these efforts as essential to safeguarding electoral integrity against denialism.^[82] ADA advocated for expanded voting access during the Biden administration, urging Congress in March 2020 to allocate $2 billion for election security and accessibility amid the COVID-19 pandemic.^[83] In July 2021, it joined coalitions pressing President Biden to prioritize federal voting rights legislation, emphasizing protections against state-level restrictions.^[84] These initiatives continued into opposition against measures like the SAVE Act, which ADA criticized in 2025 for potentially disenfranchising voters through stringent identification requirements.^[37] Following the 2024 election, ADA escalated campaigns against policies perceived as authoritarian, including opposition to January 6 pardons and reductions in election monitoring announced in June 2025.^[37] It endorsed the NOPE Act in September 2025 to curb executive misuse of agencies like the IRS against political opponents and mobilized grassroots support for the Trade Review Act to restore congressional oversight on tariffs.^[37] Voter turnout drives targeted special elections and preparations for 2026 midterms, focusing on infrequent voters in battleground districts.^[37] Annual awards events underscored these priorities, with the 2024 gala highlighting democracy defenders and the October 8, 2025, event honoring federal workers and champions resisting executive overreach.^[85]^[86] ADA leveraged digital platforms for mobilization, sponsoring online petitions against voter suppression and election interference through partners like Action Network.^[87]

Current Priorities and Challenges

In 2025, Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) prioritizes judicial reform to address perceived imbalances in court appointments and processes, advocating for mechanisms that align with liberal interpretations of fairness, such as expanded oversight of federal judiciary selections.^[37] The organization also emphasizes workers' rights, pushing for strengthened union protections, minimum wage hikes, and opposition to policies like broad tariffs that it argues exacerbate economic pressures on labor.^[37] Anti-racism efforts focus on combating discriminatory policies and historical revisions, though these initiatives often highlight racial disparities in outcomes without fully accounting for empirical gaps, such as longitudinal data showing U.S. intergenerational mobility rates exceeding those in many European welfare states, which challenge causal claims of systemic barriers as primary drivers of inequality.^[37] ADA faces structural hurdles amid a post-2024 political shift, including intensified scrutiny from the Trump administration targeting liberal nonprofits for potential revocation of tax-exempt status and investigations into advocacy activities deemed partisan.^[88]^[89] Declining consensus around traditional liberal policies is evident in electoral trends, such as Gen Z voters' rightward surge in 2024, complicating mobilization efforts and exposing vulnerabilities in relying on urban, coastal coalitions.^[90] Competition intensifies from more progressive entities, which siphon activist energy toward identity-focused campaigns, while ADA's funding—drawn from foundations like the Shelley & Donald Rubin Foundation and labor unions such as AFSCME—draws criticism for lacking granular transparency on donor influences despite IRS reporting requirements.^[6] Adapting to populist currents presents causal challenges, as ADA critiques protectionist measures like 2025 tariffs for inflating costs without evidence of net job gains, favoring instead globalist trade frameworks such as the Trade Review Act to regulate executive actions.^[37] Yet empirical reviews of past protectionism, including studies on 2018-2019 tariffs, indicate mixed outcomes with higher consumer prices and limited manufacturing revival, underscoring tensions between ideological commitments to open markets and populist demands for domestic prioritization grounded in localized economic causation. These dynamics strain ADA's influence, requiring strategic pivots like state-level organizing for the 2025 Virginia gubernatorial race and 2026 midterms to counter Republican gains.^[37]

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[5]
Americans for Democratic Action | America's most experienced ...
We are the nation's most experienced organization committed to liberal politics, liberal policies, and a liberal future.ADA Voting Records · About · ADA’s History · Americans for Democratic...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[6]
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) - InfluenceWatch
Political Advocacy · Health Care · Federal involvement in Tax, Education and Jobs · Income Inequality · Gun Control · U.S Senate Filibuster Rule.Missing: mission | Show results with:mission
[7]
Americans for Democratic Action Records, 1932-1999 - History Vault
Jul 29, 2025 · After World War II and the November 1946 elections, James Loeb Jr., national director of UDA, joined by Leon Henderson, Wilson W. Wyatt, Hubert ...Missing: mission | Show results with:mission
[8]
Americans for Democratic Action - Spartacus Educational
ADA's main dispute with the PCA was that they that it allowed members of the American Communist Party to join: "We reject any association with Communism or ...
[9]
The Truman Doctrine, 1947 - Office of the Historian
He argued that a Communist victory in the Greek Civil War would endanger the political stability of Turkey, which would undermine the political stability of the ...
[10]
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) - SNCC Digital Gateway
ADA represented traditional American political liberalism. Founded in 1947, it first flexed its political muscle in the 1948 presidential election.Missing: history mission
[11]
Our Battle Scars - The American Prospect
May 7, 2012 · Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), founded in 1947 with the declaration "We reject any association with Communists or sympathizers with ...
[12]
The Cold War Red Scare, McCarthyism, and Liberal Anti-Communism
In January 1947, anti-communist liberals formed Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), whose founding members included labor leader Walter Reuther and NAACP ...
[13]
Labor and the Cold War | SocialistWorker.org
Jul 29, 2011 · Not only did union leaders fail to resist Taft-Hartley, but the notorious anti-communist affidavit that unions were required to sign in order to ...<|separator|>
[14]
WALLACE'S POLICY ATTACKED BY ADA; Offshoot of Old National ...
WASHINGTON, April 26— Americans for Democratic Action, an anti-Communist offshoot of the old National Citizens Political Action Committee, today attacked Henry ...
[15]
Progressive Party Platform of 1948 | The American Presidency Project
We believe with Henry Wallace that "there is no misunderstanding or difficulty between the USA and USSR which can be settled by force or fear and there is no ...
[16]
[PDF] THE ELECTION OF 1948 - Cengage
Much of the attack on the Wallace campaign came from Americans for Democratic Action, a liberal pressure group that operated within the Democratic party. From ...
[17]
The Rehabilitation of the Cold-War Liberal - The New York Times
Apr 30, 2006 · Almost six decades ago, Americans for Democratic Action was born, in the words of its first national director, to wage a "two-front fight for ...
[18]
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security ...
[19]
https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-6
[20]
A.D.A. Head Proclaims (Somewhat Prematurely) “End of the ...
Joseph Rauh, chairperson of the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) on this day proclaimed the “end of the McCarthy Era.” The Senate had censured Senator ...
[21]
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) - Britannica
Oct 17, 2025 · Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), a liberal independent political organization in the United States. It was formed in 1947 by a group ...Missing: mission | Show results with:mission
[22]
American for Democratic Action - Spartacus Educational
In the 1950s and 1960s Hubert Humphrey was the main ADA figure in Congress. Elected as vice-president in 1964, Humphrey was able to influence the decision ...
[23]
A Chorus of Defiance - Boston Review
Americans for Democratic Action, a group previously supportive of Johnson's Vietnam policy, launched an audacious electoral campaign to unseat the warmaking ...Missing: stance | Show results with:stance
[24]
Kennedy Scores Nixon at A.D.A. Parley - The New York Times
Wallace of Alabama as a Presidential candidate, Senator Kennedy said in a speech to the 25th annual convention of, Americans for Democratic Action. He said ...
[25]
DEMOCRATIC GROUP BACKS CARTER ON HUMAN RIGHTS
May 15, 1977 · The letter came a week after Senator George McGovern, Democrat of South Dakota, In a speech to the Americans for Democratic Action, criticized ...
[26]
https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/25/archives/ada-votes-to-oppose-carter-and-press-kennedy-carter-lobbying-fails.html
[27]
ADA Hits Carter Record Of 'Abandoned Promises'
Jan 19, 1980 · Americans for Democratic Action, the liberal organization that has endorsed Sen. Edward M. Kennedy for the Democratic presidential ...
[28]
CONFREES STRUGGLE WITH BROADCAST DEREGULATION
Jul 27, 1981 · Last week, more than 30, including the Americans for Democratic Action and the National Organization for Women, issued a statement denouncing ...
[29]
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: WATCHWORDS FOR '96 – Hartford Courant
That's why, said Amy Isaacs, national director of Americans for Democratic Action, affirmative action must survive. “Society has to find a way to make sure ...
[30]
The Party of Hubert Humphrey - The Atlantic
Apr 7, 2018 · In 1947 he had helped found Americans for Democratic Action, the leading organ of the anti-Communist left. ... Humphrey lost in 1968 not only ...
[31]
John Kenneth Galbraith - Econlib
He was an adviser to President John F. Kennedy, Kennedy's ambassador to India, and president of Americans for Democratic Action. He was president of the ...
[32]
Walter Reuther - AFL-CIO
Walter Reuther ... He supported the anti-communist provisions of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act and in 1948 was a founding member of the staunchly anti-communist ...Missing: ADA | Show results with:ADA
[33]
Jim Doyle Sr. and Eleanor Roosevelt - Wisconsin Historical Society
James E. Doyle Sr., head of the Americans For Democratic Action (1953-1954), at an ADA meeting (perhaps 1954) with Eleanor Roosevelt. As chair of the Wisco.
[34]
Crisis of the Old Liberal Order - Claremont Review of Books
... presidency.) Schlesinger played a central role in founding Americans for Democratic Action in 1947, and his influential book of 1949, The Vital Center ...<|separator|>
[35]
Staff | Americans for Democratic Action
Don Kusler, a veteran political organizer, has held senior staff positions at ADA since 2001. Currently, Don is National Director of Americans for Democratic ...Missing: president | Show results with:president
[36]
ADA at 75…the best is yet to come - Americans for Democratic Action
ADA was founded in 1947 by Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Walter Reuther, Hubert Humphrey, Arthur Schlesinger, and Reinhold Niebuhr shortly after ...
[37]
ADA's Spotlight On Democracy - Americans for Democratic Action
We assure you we will not stand idly by while our citizens are under attack. We will do everything in our power to combat the virus attacking our nation. But, ...
[38]
Health Care for All | Americans for Democratic Action
ADA has been an advocate for universal single payer health care for more than 45 years. The basic concepts of the original ADA plan of 1972
[39]
ADA Voting Records - Americans for Democratic Action
Americans for Democratic Action · Home · About · ADA's History · Officers · Staff · ADA ... 1970 · 1969 · 1968 · 1967 · 1966 · 1965 · 1964 · 1963 · 1962 · 1961 ...
[40]
[PDF] Democrats in the House and Senate
The methodology of the ADA Voting Record calls for Members who miss a vote, for whatever reason, to be penalized in their final score. Therefore, a Member who ...
[41]
[PDF] 2016 Congressional Voting Record - Americans for Democratic Action
Another year of partisan division marks perhaps the most divided voting records in the 70 years of ADA's scores. Republicans and Democrats.
[42]
[PDF] ADA 2020 Congressional Voting Record A Newsletter for Liberal ...
With our nation reeling from the impacts of a global pandemic, the Trump Administration and Congress needed to set aside partisan politics and lead.
[43]
[PDF] 2019 Congressional Voting Record - Americans for Democratic Action
Jun 26, 2020 · In no case did their absence affect the outcome of the vote. As 2019 turns to 2020 and a critical election year, ADA is continuing to follow ...
[44]
[PDF] A Look at NOMINATE and Adjusted ADA Scores - Benjamin Bishin
NOMINATE scores are far and away the most commonly used measure of legislator ideology. 2. NOMINATE scores are more objective than other measures that are based ...
[45]
POLITICS - The New York Times
... Americans for Democratic Action scorecard for his 1977 votes. ... abstentions or absences. His fellow Democrat, Mr ... Both, for example, scored 70 percent on the ...
[46]
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) - Vote Smart - Facts For All
We work to advocate progressive stances on civil rights and liberties, social and economic justice, sensible foreign policy, and sustainable environmental ...Missing: organization | Show results with:organization
[47]
AMERICANS FOR DEMOCRATIC ACTION INC POLITICAL ... - FEC
Active - Monthly Membership Organization PAC - Qualified - Unauthorized ID: C00112680 Registration date: August 21, 1979. Financial Summary.
[48]
The Politics of a Party Faction: The Liberal-Labor Alliance in the ...
Jun 24, 2010 · ... on Civil Rights (LCCR), the National Committee for an Effective Congress (NCEC), and the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA).Footnote ...
[49]
UDALL CANDIDACY ENDORSED BY A.D.A. - The New York Times
Mar 21, 1976 · The Arizona Congressman was cheered by new support from an important liberal bloc in his party, Americans for Democratic Action. The A.D.A. ...
[50]
Americans for Democratic Action Profile: Summary - OpenSecrets
Americans for Democratic Action organization profile. Contributions in the 2024 cycle: $4080. Lobbying in 2024: $0. Outside Spending in the 2024 cycle: $0.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[51]
Americans for Democratic Action PAC Expenditures • OpenSecrets
How did Americans for Democratic Action spend their PAC money in the 2021-2022 election cycle? See the details.
[52]
[PDF] in 2008 - Americans for Democratic Action
Despite the continuation of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and a bad economy that grew steadily worse, the second session of the 110th Congress, ...
[53]
Limitation of Debate - CQ Almanac Online Edition
Other spokesmen urging easier debate - stopping rules Oct. 3 represented the Congress of Industrial Organizations, Americans for Democratic Action, National ...
[54]
Mid-Term Elections Influence 1970 Lobby Activities - CQ Press
The AFL-CIO's Committee on Political Education (COPE) and Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) were prominent among organizations which stressed this aspect.
[55]
[PDF] Medicare for All 2023 - Senator Bernie Sanders
American Humanist Association. National. 4. American Medical Student Association (AMSA). National. 5. Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). National. 6. Annie ...
[56]
Medicare for All Act of 2023 Endorsing Organizations
... American Medical Student Association (AMSA); Americans for Democratic Action (ADA); Annie Appleseed Project; Association of Flight Attendants – CWA; Bayard ...
[57]
ADA Action to Raise the Minimum Wage
Apr 5, 2023 · Americans for Democratic Action organized a week of action in support of Raising the Minimum Wage in late March. ADA activists around the ...
[58]
[PDF] 1998 Congressional Voting Record - Americans for Democratic Action
A special report by the Americans for Democratic Action. (ADA) Education Fund, funded by the Shelley and Donald. Rubin Foundation of New York, sheds new light ...
[59]
Wages & Jobs | Americans for Democratic Action
ADA has long been a leader in pushing to raise base wages. We continue to rally, educated, and lobby to increase the federal minimum wage and to include ...Missing: advocacy | Show results with:advocacy
[60]
[PDF] Americans for Democratic Action
AS THE OBAMA Administration began, our nation faced the most difficult economic environment since the Great Depression. What the media nicknamed “The Great.
[61]
Courts | Americans for Democratic Action
From the local courtrooms in your community to the Supreme Court in Washington, what happens in and comes out of our court system is important to our lives.Missing: reform | Show results with:reform
[62]
Artificial Extremism in Interest Group Ratings - jstor
The paper then examines some of the implications of this bias for empirical studies that use ratings. Interest group ratings based on the roll-call voting ...
[63]
Education - Americans for Democratic Action
ADA urges a commitment to equity and excellence in American public education and calls for effective actions to ensure equal, equitable access to high-quality ...
[64]
The War on Poverty After 50 Years | The Heritage Foundation
Sep 15, 2014 · Despite this mountain of spending, progress against poverty, at least as measured by the government, has been minimal.
[65]
Poverty from the Great Society to the Great Recession | Brookings
The poverty rate declined by 26.4 percentage points between 1960 and 2010, 8.5 percentage points of which has occurred since 1980.
[66]
The War on Poverty: Then and Now - Center for American Progress
Jan 7, 2014 · Our national poverty rate fell 42 percent during the War on Poverty, from 1964 to 1973. And that trend continues today: The poverty rate ...
[67]
Poverty from the Great Society to the Great Recession | NBER
The poverty rate declined by 26.4 percentage points between 1960 and 2010, with 8.5 percentage points of that decline occurring since 1980.Missing: critiques | Show results with:critiques
[68]
Wealth, Poverty, And Politics - Hoover Institution
Dec 9, 2015 · The real problem for the poor is the destruction of the family, which Sowell argues dramatically increased once welfare policies were introduced ...
[69]
Unsustainable US Debt and Impacts of Potential Tax Changes
Jan 14, 2025 · Interest on the debt, which has ranged from 1.2 percent to 3.2 percent of GDP over the last 60 years, is set to grow to 3.9 percent in 2034 and ...
[70]
US Debt to GDP - Updated Chart - LongtermTrends
A nation's debt is commonly expressed as a ratio to its gross domestic product (GDP) to facilitate meaningful comparisons over time.
[71]
Federal Interest Costs, 1790-2033 | Cato at Liberty Blog
Mar 27, 2023 · Federal debt soared to 106 percent of GDP in 1946 due to massive war costs. But the government was able to borrow at low interest rates, so ...
[72]
How liberals unintentionally made it harder to fight climate change
Aug 12, 2023 · “Once you take a broader climate change approach, environmental review becomes a bad tool to helping the environment,” said Howard Slatkin, ...
[73]
Democrats and Trade 2021: A Pro-Trade Policy for ... - Cato Institute
Aug 11, 2020 · ... trade and the environment,” “trade and human rights,” and more. Criticisms of WTO and other international trade rules and rulings on these “ ...
[74]
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects of Racism on Mental ...
We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of racism on psychological distress, symptoms of depression, and days in poor mental health.
[75]
Longitudinal effects of race, ethnicity, and psychosocial ...
The objective of this study was to identify mediating pathways from race and ethnicity to CRP through social, psychological, and behavioral variables.
[76]
(PDF) A Systematic Review of Empirical Research on Self-Reported ...
Aug 10, 2025 · This paper reviews 138 empirical quantitative population-based studies of self-reported racism and health.
[77]
Schlesinger Charges U.S. Wants No Peace Talks Now
In a statement that appeared to foreshadow a split with President Johnson later this month, the Americans for Democratic Action followed Mr. Schlesinger's ...
[78]
From Union Halls to the Suburbs: Americans for Democratic Action ...
For decades, Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) exerted anoutsized pull on the political stage ... McCarthy's campaign in opposition to the conflict in 1968.
[79]
[PDF] ADA VOTING RECORD - FIRST SESSION, 86th CONGRESS
Legislation to provide federal support for education was perhaps the chief victim of the Administration's budget- balancing campaign. An aid-to-education bill ...
[80]
FILIBUSTER FOES BAR COMPROMISE WITH THE SOUTH; Javits ...
Support for this position came also from Americans for Democratic Action, which re- leased today its legislative recommendations for the new Congress. The ...
[81]
https://actionnetwork.org/forms/sign-no-insurrectionists-on-the-ballot
[82]
Support the Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition ...
Dec 12, 2022 · The deadly insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021 ... Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). Andrew Goodman Foundation. Asian ...
[83]
Congress Must Appropriate $2 Billion To Protect Voting Rights
Mar 21, 2020 · ... voting process for 2020 primary and general elections. The ... Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) Andrew Goodman Foundation Anti ...
[84]
Letter to President Biden on Voting Rights Bills | Public Justice
Jul 22, 2021 · ... Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) Americans for Financial Reform Americans United for Separation of Church and State Arab American ...
[85]
2024 ADA Awards Event - Americans for Democratic Action
Jul 10, 2024 · ADA staff, board and activists continue working to secure our democracy, enacting policy ... C 2017-2024 Americans for Democratic Action.Missing: activities | Show results with:activities
[86]
2025 ADA Awards Gala - Americans for Democratic Action
Oct 8, 2025 · Our 2025 Awards Gala watch party will be held in person and streamed online, on Wednesday ... C 2017-2024 Americans for Democratic Action.
[87]
https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/stop-trumps-plot-to-steal-the-2026-elections
[88]
Liberal advocacy groups gird for attacks from the Trump administration
Oct 3, 2025 · More than 3,700 groups have signed onto to a petition urging the president to end his administration's “un-American” targeting of nonprofits.
[89]
Trump Wants to Target Left-Wing Groups. Here's What Might Work
Sep 22, 2025 · Legal experts say losing their tax-exempt status would amount to an existential threat to most organizations.
[90]
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policy-topics/politics/young-voters-shifted-right-2024-election-ash-center