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Austin Princess

The Austin Princess was a nameplate used for a series of luxury automobiles produced by the Austin Motor Company and its coachbuilding subsidiary Vanden Plas in the United Kingdom, spanning from 1947 to 1981. The early post-war models (1947–1968) were large chauffeur-driven limousines and saloons designed for elite clientele, dignitaries, and ceremonial use, featuring imposing bodywork with dimensions reaching up to 18 feet in length and a curb weight over two tons.^[1] Powered by overhead-valve straight-six engines—initially a 3,460 cc unit delivering 120 horsepower, later enlarged to 3,995 cc—the Princess combined traditional British styling with practical luxury, including leather interiors, walnut trim, and optional glass partitions in limousine variants.^[2] Launched alongside the owner-driven Sheerline saloon at the 1947 Geneva Motor Show, the Princess differentiated itself through Vanden Plas's handcrafted aluminum-panel bodies over timber frames, emphasizing a razor-edge aesthetic inspired by pre-war Bentleys.^[2] Early models included the A120 (1947–1950, 745 units) and A135 Mark II/III (1950–1956, totaling around 971 units), with updates such as revised grilles, trafficators, and power steering from 1960.^[2] The long-wheelbase DM4 limousine variant, introduced in 1952, extended production to May 1968 with 3,238 examples built, featuring a 4-speed manual transmission (automatic optional from 1956) and triple SU carburetors for refined performance.^[3] In the 1960s, the lineup evolved with the Vanden Plas Princess 3-Litre saloon (1959–1964, 7,984 units), mechanically based on the Austin A99 but with bespoke luxury appointments,^[4] followed by the 4-Litre R (1964–1968, 6,555 units) incorporating a short-stroke Rolls-Royce FB60 inline-six engine producing 175 bhp for smoother operation at highway speeds.^[5] These later models retained the Princess name until the marque shifted fully to Vanden Plas in 1960, positioning it as a more affordable alternative to Rolls-Royce while serving high-profile owners, including the British Royal Household and celebrities like John Lennon.^[3]^[6] The Princess name was later applied to compact luxury saloons based on the Austin 1100/1300 platforms (1963–1974, around 43,741 units) and the ADO71 large family hatchback (1975–1981), marking a shift from traditional limousines to more modern, mass-market designs.) The series' legacy endures as a symbol of mid-20th-century British craftsmanship, with survivors often preserved for their historical and stately appeal.^[7]

Naming and Branding

Origins of the "Princess" Name

The "Princess" designation was first introduced by Austin in 1947 as a luxury trim for the A120 model, marking the debut of a new flagship line built by coachbuilder Vanden Plas on the chassis of the standard A110 Sheerline saloon. This naming choice evoked royal connotations, setting it apart from typical British automotive monikers and aligning with Vanden Plas's tradition of high-end craftsmanship to appeal to affluent buyers seeking prestige without the cost of marques like Rolls-Royce. The initial appearance of the name occurred in Austin's 1947 sales brochure, which highlighted the A120 Princess Mk I as a symbol of post-war British elegance and engineering solidity.^[2] Market positioning emphasized the Princess as a step above Austin's standard saloons, targeting upper-middle-class customers with its refined styling, spacious interior, and optional features like leather upholstery and burr walnut trim, thereby differentiating it in a recovering economy where luxury cars signified status. This rationale drew on Austin's pre-war legacy of upscale models, such as the Austin Twenty, to revive a tradition of aspirational motoring amid the austerity of the late 1940s.^[8] By the early 1950s, the naming had evolved from the full "Austin A120/A135 Princess" to more prominent standalone "Princess" badges, reflecting growing brand independence as production continued with Mk II (A135, 1950) and Mk III (A135, 1953) variants featuring updated grilles and chassis options. In 1952, for export markets, the designation shifted to "Austin Princess" to streamline international branding, coinciding with the introduction of a long-wheelbase limousine variant aimed at overseas dignitaries and fleets. This progression solidified the Princess as a distinct luxury identifier within Austin's lineup, paving the way for further refinements in the mid-1950s.^[8]

Vanden Plas Luxury Association

Vanden Plas, originally established in 1870 as a coachbuilding firm specializing in bespoke luxury bodies for carriages and early automobiles, had built a reputation for high-end craftsmanship by the early 20th century. The company, with roots in Belgium but a prominent English operation from 1913, focused on custom interiors and exteriors for prestigious marques. In 1946, Austin Motor Company acquired Vanden Plas for £90,000, integrating it as a subsidiary to enhance its luxury offerings, particularly for the post-war Princess limousines. This acquisition positioned Vanden Plas to provide specialized coachwork, elevating standard Austin chassis into premium vehicles that emphasized superior build quality and refinement.^[8] Following the 1952 formation of the British Motor Corporation (BMC) through the merger of Austin and Nuffield Organisation, Vanden Plas became part of the larger conglomerate, continuing its role in luxury production. Vanden Plas outfitted Princess models with hand-built interiors and exteriors, incorporating higher-quality materials such as walnut dashboards, full leather upholstery, and Wilton carpets to distinguish them from standard Austin variants. These enhancements were crafted at the Kingsbury Works factory in north London, where skilled artisans assembled the vehicles to underscore British luxury heritage.^[9] The collaboration allowed BMC to offer opulent cars that competed with Rolls-Royce and Daimler at a more accessible price point, typically around £2,000 to £3,000 in the 1960s, appealing to affluent buyers seeking prestige without ultra-exclusive costs.^[10] In 1960, BMC elevated Vanden Plas to a standalone marque, formalizing its luxury association and introducing the "Vanden Plas Princess" branding. This suffix first appeared on the 4-litre limousines in 1961, with the compact models adopting it in 1963 for the 1100 series, marking a shift from mere coachbuilding to a distinct premium line within BMC's portfolio. The branding highlighted the firm's heritage of meticulous hand-finishing, positioning the Princess as a symbol of understated elegance and engineering excellence tailored for the British elite.^[8]^[11]

Post-War Limousine Models (1947–1962)

Princess I, II, and III

The Austin Princess I, II, and III were the initial post-war luxury models produced by Austin Motor Company, serving as flagships to revive the brand's presence in the high-end market following World War II. Launched in 1947, these variants were based on the A120 and A135 chassis, offering a blend of traditional coachbuilt elegance and modern engineering for the era. Production spanned from 1947 to 1956, with 1,716 units built across all variants (Princess I: 1947–1950, 745 units; II: 1950–1953, 669 units; III: 1953–1956, 302 units), reflecting limited demand in a recovering economy but establishing Austin's credentials in the luxury segment.^[2] These models were available in two primary body styles: a standard-wheelbase 4-door saloon and an extended-wheelbase limousine, both featuring a pillarless design with suicide rear doors for enhanced rear passenger access and a sense of grandeur. The bodies were coachbuilt by Vanden Plas, using aluminum panels over a timber frame for a lightweight yet robust structure, emphasizing comfort for chauffeured travel. Targeted at professional classes such as doctors, lawyers, and executives, the cars were priced between £1,200 and £1,500 depending on specification and body style, positioning them as accessible luxury compared to rivals like Rolls-Royce.^[2]^[12] Power came from an overhead-valve straight-six engine of 3,460 cc producing 110 bhp in the initial Princess I (A120), upgraded to 3,995 cc delivering 120 bhp for the A135-based later I, II, and III models. The powertrain was paired with a 4-speed manual gearbox and rear-wheel drive, providing smooth performance suitable for long-distance touring. Key features included independent front suspension with coil springs for improved ride quality, a live rear axle, and hydraulic drum brakes for reliable stopping power, marking a step forward from pre-war designs.^[2] The Princess I, produced from 1947 to 1950, represented the basic introductory version with straightforward styling and the initial engine, focusing on essential luxury without extravagant embellishments. The Princess II, built from 1950 to 1953, introduced minor styling updates such as revised badging and trim for a refreshed appearance while retaining the core mechanicals. The Princess III, spanning 1953 to 1956, brought improvements in heating and ventilation systems for better passenger comfort, along with subtle refinements to the interior and exterior finishes, helping to sustain sales until the model's phase-out.^[2]

Princess IV

The Austin Princess IV marked a significant advancement in the post-war Princess series, building on the A135 platform shared with the Sheerline while featuring a 3,995 cc overhead-valve straight-six engine producing 150 bhp for enhanced performance in luxury applications.^[13] The DM4 limousine variant was introduced in 1952; the Princess IV saloon followed in 1956. Limousine production continued through 1968 with 3,238 units total assembled (approximately 2,000 by 1962), emphasizing hand-built coachwork by Vanden Plas for elite clientele.^[3] This model prioritized opulent transport, featuring a long-wheelbase chassis with independent front coil-spring suspension for improved ride quality over undulating roads.^[14] Body styles centered on the 4-door Pullman limousine configuration, complete with a privacy division window separating chauffeur and passengers, though rare drophead coupé variants were occasionally offered for special orders.^[3] Key mechanical options included a 4-speed manual gearbox as standard, with the Wilson pre-selector transmission available for smoother shifts in heavy traffic, and from 1956, the GM Hydramatic 4-speed automatic became a popular upgrade alongside Hydrosteer power steering.^[8] Performance metrics reflected its grand touring intent, achieving a top speed of approximately 99 mph and fuel economy of 10–12 mpg under typical conditions, balancing power with the model's substantial 2-ton curb weight.^[14] In the market, the Princess IV positioned itself as a cost-effective alternative to pricier rivals like the Daimler DR450 and Lagonda models, appealing to business executives and state functions with its refined interior of leather upholstery, walnut veneers, and Wilton carpets.^[3] Its prestige was underscored by adoption from the British royal household, which ordered at least four examples for escort duties and ceremonial use, highlighting the model's reliability and stately presence.^[3]

4-Litre Long Wheelbase Models (1964–1968)

Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R Saloon

The Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R saloon was introduced in 1964 as the luxury version of the Austin Westminster lineup, serving as an accessible luxury saloon with a focus on comfort and reliability for executive and fleet use. Production continued until 1968, with 6,555 four-door saloons built on the standard wheelbase platform.^[5] These models shared the pressed-steel unit-construction body of the Westminster series but were distinguished by their upscale Princess badging and targeted positioning as more affordable alternatives to bespoke coachbuilt luxury cars.^[15] The powertrain centered on a 3,909 cc straight-six Rolls-Royce FB60 engine, tuned to deliver 175 bhp for smooth, effortless cruising.^[10] This engine was paired with a Borg-Warner three-speed automatic transmission (four-speed manual with overdrive optional), providing flexibility for urban and long-distance driving. Burman power steering was fitted as standard, improving maneuverability for the 3,570 lb vehicle, while the suspension combined independent front coils with leaf springs at the rear for a compliant ride suited to British roads. The standard wheelbase measured 9 ft 2 in, resulting in overall dimensions of 15 ft 8 in long and 5 ft 8.5 in wide, accommodating five passengers in a spacious four-door saloon body without the extended coachwork of limousine variants.^[16]^[17]^[18] Priced between £1,800 and £2,200 depending on specification, these variants appealed particularly to fleet buyers seeking durable, low-maintenance luxury without excessive cost, with features like leather upholstery, wood trim, and optional air conditioning emphasizing practicality over ostentation. Minor updates kept the model fresh: revised grille for a more modern appearance, while the 1966 revision featured updated bumpers and relocated fog lamps to enhance safety and aesthetics. In contrast to the more opulent Vanden Plas upgrades, the standard models prioritized value, offering similar mechanical refinement in a less customized form.^[5]^[10]

Vanden Plas 4-Litre Limousine

The Vanden Plas 4-Litre Limousine served as the ultra-luxury, extended-wheelbase variant of the Austin Princess, hand-built to order at the Vanden Plas facility in Kingsbury from 1952 to 1968.^[3] This model emphasized bespoke craftsmanship, with production totaling 3,238 units owing to its labor-intensive assembly process, which involved custom coachwork on a modified chassis.^[3] In contrast to the saloon versions produced on assembly lines, the limousine catered exclusively to elite clientele seeking unparalleled rear passenger comfort.^[8] The chassis derived from the Austin Westminster platform featured a wheelbase extended by 1 ft 10 in (22 inches) compared to the base model, significantly enhancing legroom for rear occupants and enabling a seven- or eight-seat configuration.^[19] Power came from the Austin D-series 3,993 cc inline-six engine, producing 120 bhp for smoother, quieter operation, paired with a standard three-speed automatic transmission; this setup delivered a top speed of 95 mph, prioritizing refinement over outright performance.^[3] The body combined steel and aluminum panels over a timber frame, measuring nearly 18 feet in overall length, with updated styling from 1961 including slimmer rear pillars and power steering as standard.^[20] Inside, the cabin exuded opulence with leather upholstery, walnut veneers, Wilton carpeting, and individual rear seats that folded into footrests, separated from the front by a sliding glass partition for privacy. Additional amenities included bar fittings in the rear compartment and subtle exterior badging proclaiming "Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre," underscoring its prestige.^[21] These features positioned it as a more accessible alternative to Rolls-Royce or Daimler models, often described as a "Bentley at an Austin price."^[22] Favored by embassies for official transport and celebrities such as Sonny and Cher, who owned a 1961 example, the limousine saw use in royal and diplomatic circles, with several entering the Royal Mews fleet.^[8] Production ended in 1968 amid escalating labor costs at Kingsbury and a broader industry shift toward compact luxury vehicles, after which it was succeeded by the Daimler DS420.^[8]

Compact Vanden Plas Princess (1963–1974)

1100 and 1275 Models

The compact Vanden Plas Princess was introduced in October 1963 at the Earls Court Motor Show as a luxury derivative of the BMC ADO16 platform, initially badged as the Princess 1100 to leverage the established Vanden Plas reputation for upscale coachwork.^[23] This model adapted the innovative transverse-engine front-wheel-drive layout of the Austin and Morris 1100, featuring the A-series inline-four engine mounted ahead of the front wheels, paired with Hydrolastic interconnected suspension for a smoother ride.^[24] Production commenced in early 1964 at BMC's Longbridge plant, positioning the Princess as an executive compact aimed at buyers seeking refinement in a smaller package compared to larger limousines.^[8] The initial engine was a 1,098 cc A-series unit producing 55 bhp (41 kW) at 5,200 rpm, delivered through twin SU HS4 carburettors (single SU HS4 for automatics from 1966), with power transmitted via a four-speed manual gearbox or optional Borg-Warner Type 35 automatic from 1966.^[23] ^[25] In mid-1967, an upgraded 1,275 cc version was introduced alongside the 1100, featuring a single SU HS4 carburettor for 58 bhp (43 kW) at 5,250 rpm and a top speed of around 88 mph, without an automatic option.^[26] This engine change aligned with broader ADO16 updates, though the Princess retained its distinct luxury tuning.^[26] Offered exclusively as a four-door saloon, the Princess distinguished itself through premium Vanden Plas trim, including Connolly leather upholstery on reclining front seats with individual armrests, a walnut-veneered dashboard, Wilton carpeting, and reading lamps for rear passengers.^[23] Additional features encompassed a push-button radio, cigar lighter, and burr walnut picnic tables in the rear, complemented by exterior elements like a polished chrome grille, coachline detailing, and optional sliding metal sunroof, creating an air of bespoke elegance on the compact body.^[24] Launched at a starting price of £896, the Princess 1100 appealed to UK executives valuing its poised handling and quiet cabin, with 15,862 units of the 1100 models built through 1968 (Mark I: 15,256; Mark II: 606) and 825 units of the 1275 variant produced from April to September 1967 before the transition to the 1300.^[23]^[26] It found favor for company car use due to its tax-efficient size and refinement, while exports to markets like Australia were marketed as the Austin 1100 Vanden Plas, adapting to local preferences for the badge-engineered luxury compact.^[27]

1300 Model and Facelifts

The Vanden Plas Princess 1300, introduced in 1967 as an upscale variant of the BMC ADO16 platform, featured a 1275 cc A-series inline-four engine producing 58 bhp at 5250 rpm with a single SU HS4 carburettor, offering improved performance over the earlier 1100 models while maintaining the transverse-engine layout for compact efficiency.^[28] This engine upgrade emphasized refinement, with outputs varying to 65 bhp in manual versions equipped with twin SU HS2 carburettors (60 bhp for automatics), delivering adequate acceleration for urban and highway driving in a luxury-oriented saloon.^[29] By 1971, the model entered its Mark 3 phase, retaining the same powertrain but benefiting from ongoing refinements to enhance smoothness and reduce noise, positioning it as a competitor to mid-range saloons like the Ford Cortina and Triumph Dolomite.^[30] In 1970, a minor facelift introduced subtle styling tweaks across the ADO16 range, including optional vinyl roof coverings for the Vanden Plas Princess 1300 to accentuate its premium appeal, alongside minor interior adjustments like improved seating upholstery.^[29] The more significant 1972 update, part of the Mark 3 revisions, featured a revised front grille finished in matt black for a more modern aesthetic, along with an updated dashboard incorporating better instrumentation and wood trim enhancements, while the overall body shape remained largely unchanged to preserve the Pininfarina-influenced elegance.^[28] These changes aimed to address evolving market tastes for contemporary detailing without major structural alterations, maintaining the model's reputation for a composed ride courtesy of its Hydrolastic interconnected suspension system, which provided superior comfort over rivals' conventional setups.^[31] Transmission options included a standard four-speed all-synchromesh manual or an optional Borg-Warner Type 35 four-speed automatic, catering to buyers seeking effortless luxury motoring.^[28] Production of the compact Vanden Plas Princess series, encompassing all variants from 1963 to 1974, totaled 39,576 units (15,862 for 1100 models including 825 for 1275, and 23,714 for 1300 models: Mark 1 1,064; Mark 2 11,717; Mark 3 10,108), with the 1300 models forming the majority in later years.^[28]^[32] Manufacture ceased in June 1974 at the Longbridge plant, as British Leyland shifted focus to newer platforms, ending a run that highlighted the marque's blend of British craftsmanship and accessible opulence.^[29]

ADO71 Saloon (1975–1981)

Development and Design

The ADO71 project originated in 1970 under British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC), as an ambitious effort to rationalize the company's lineup by developing a single versatile large family car to replace multiple aging saloon models, including the ADO17 "Landcrab" range.^[33]^[34] Conceived by the Austin Design Office, the initiative aimed to introduce a modern hatchback that could appeal across market segments, reflecting BLMC's broader strategy to streamline production amid financial pressures following the 1968 merger of British Motor Holdings and Leyland Motors.^[35] Early planning documents, outlined by engineer Filmer Paradise in February 1970, emphasized spacious interiors and innovative packaging to compete with emerging European rivals.^[33] Styling responsibilities fell to Harris Mann, who crafted the car's distinctive wedge-shaped profile with a rising beltline, extensive glass areas for an airy cabin, and a fastback rear.^[33]^[34] Mann drew on contemporary trends in aerodynamic design, resulting in a body with a low drag coefficient and features like concealed windscreen wipers and crumple zones for enhanced safety.^[35] The chassis, overseen by Charles Griffin, adopted front-wheel drive with a transverse engine layout—a hallmark of Alec Issigonis's earlier BMC designs—paired with Hydragas suspension for superior ride comfort and handling.^[33] Initially envisioned as a pure five-door hatchback with a flip-up tailgate, the design evolved to a conventional bootlid primarily to avoid competing with the Austin Maxi, BL's existing family hatchback; though this broadened appeal in some markets, it drew criticism for compromising the original liftback concept and limiting practicality.^[34]^[35] Development progressed with prototypes emerging around 1972, but the project faced significant delays due to BLMC's internal turmoil, including labor disputes, management changes, and the 1975 nationalization into British Leyland.^[35]^[33] The car finally launched on 26 March 1975 as the Austin/Morris/Wolseley 18-22 Series, with the Princess name adopted in October 1975 following rebranding under Leyland Cars.^[36] Measuring 4,455 mm (175.4 in) in overall length and 2,672 mm (105.2 in) in wheelbase, it offered class-leading interior space while maintaining a compact footprint.^[37] Upon release, the "upended wedge" aesthetics drew mixed reviews, with critics praising its forward-thinking style but some deriding its unconventional proportions as awkward.^[35]^[34]

Engine Options and Body Styles

The ADO71 Princess was equipped with a range of inline-four and inline-six engines, reflecting British Leyland's modular approach to powertrains inherited from the predecessor ADO17 1800/2200 series. Initial models from 1975 featured the 1,798 cc B-series overhead-valve four-cylinder engine, producing approximately 83 hp, in base 1800 variants, while upper models used the 2,227 cc E-series overhead-cam six-cylinder engine delivering 110 hp for smoother performance in the 2200 HL and HLS trims. From 1978, with the Princess 2 facelift, the B-series was replaced by the newer 1,695 cc and 1,993 cc O-series overhead-cam four-cylinder units, outputting 83–95 hp depending on tuning, which offered improved refinement and emissions compliance though at the cost of some torque compared to the E-series six.^[35]^[33] All Princess models retained the front-wheel-drive layout throughout production. Fuel injection was not standard on Princess O-series engines, though some late 1980s Rover derivatives explored it; carburetted setups predominated across the range.^[35]^[33] Transmissions included a four-speed manual as standard, with a five-speed manual optional on E-series and O-series upper models from 1976 for better highway cruising, and a three-speed Borg-Warner automatic available across the lineup for comfort-oriented buyers. The Hydragas suspension system, an evolution of interconnected fluid-filled displacers, provided the Princess with its signature compliant ride, linking front and rear wheels for load leveling without traditional coil springs or MacPherson struts. Performance varied by engine: the 2200 E-series achieved 0–60 mph in about 13.5 seconds with a top speed of 104 mph and fuel economy of 20–21 mpg under typical conditions, while four-cylinder models were slower at 14–15 seconds to 60 mph and similarly efficient at 22–25 mpg.^[35]^[33]^[38] The standard body configuration was a four-door fastback saloon, emphasizing the wedge-shaped profile designed by Harris Mann for aerodynamic efficiency and spacious rear seating, with a conventional boot rather than a full hatchback—though a hatchback rear was considered during development and later implemented on the 1982 Austin Ambassador successor. A two-door coupe variant (ADO71/3) was prototyped but never entered production due to resource constraints. No factory estate body style was offered for the ADO71 Princess, unlike some ADO17 predecessors; however, special trims like the 1977 "75-hour week" model featured minor interior enhancements such as improved vinyl upholstery to align with British Leyland's productivity initiatives. In export markets like New Zealand, production continued until 1982 with localized 1800 variants badged as the Princess 27/1800, adapting to regional preferences for simpler four-cylinder setups.^[35]^[39]^[40]

Production, Sales, and Rebadging

The Austin Princess (ADO71) was produced at British Leyland's Cowley plant in Oxford from March 1975 until November 1981, with a total output of 224,942 units across all variants.^[41] Production peaked in the model's launch year of 1975/76 at 55,031 units over a 15-month period, reflecting initial enthusiasm for its innovative design, before settling into an annual rate that declined steadily to 4,471 units by 1981 due to waning demand and internal manufacturing challenges.^[41] In the UK market, the Princess achieved strong initial sales, ranking among the top 10 best-selling cars in 1976 with approximately 31,700 registrations and capturing a notable share of the family car segment as British Leyland's flagship offering.^[42] However, sales declined sharply in subsequent years, dropping to under 15,000 units annually by 1980, undermined by persistent quality issues such as electrical faults and poor fit and finish, as well as intensifying competition from rivals like the Ford Granada and Fiat 132.^[43] Export performance was modest, accounting for around 20% of total production, with the model sold as the Austin Princess in select overseas markets including parts of Europe and New Zealand, where assembly continued into 1982.^[40] The Princess underwent several rebadging efforts as part of British Leyland's strategy to consolidate its fragmented lineup. Launched initially in March 1975 as the Austin 18/22, Morris 18/22, and Wolseley 18/22 to replace the outgoing Austin/Morris 1800/2200, it was unified under the single "Princess" nameplate by October 1975 to eliminate badge engineering and streamline marketing.^[44] No further domestic rebadging to Morris occurred in 1976, though limited exports retained the Austin branding; by 1977, some higher-specification versions aligned more closely with Rover styling cues in preparation for the marque's integration, but the core model remained a standalone Princess until production ended.^[40] Production ceased in 1981 without a direct successor, as the Princess was gradually phased out in favor of the Rover SD1 for executive buyers and the upcoming Austin Maestro for the family hatchback market, leaving a gap in British Leyland's mid-size offerings that the short-lived Austin Ambassador attempted to fill from 1982 to 1984.^[45] Build quality was hampered by rust vulnerabilities, particularly on the bonnet, roof, and wheel arches due to inadequate corrosion protection, alongside labor disruptions from union disputes that led to inconsistent assembly standards.^[46]^[47] As of 2025, surviving examples command auction values typically ranging from £5,000 to £15,000 depending on condition, with well-preserved low-mileage cars fetching higher prices amid growing interest in British Leyland classics.^[48]

Cultural and Historical Impact

Popular Culture References

The Austin Princess, particularly the ADO71 model produced from 1975 to 1981, has made occasional appearances in British film and television, often portraying everyday family vehicles of the era that highlight themes of economic struggle or quirky unreliability. In the 1997 comedy film The Full Monty, a 1980 Princess 2 1700 HL serves as a background vehicle in scenes depicting working-class life in Sheffield during the 1970s steel industry decline, symbolizing the era's ubiquitous yet unremarkable British saloons.^[49] Similarly, the car features in the BBC sitcom Terry and June (1980–1987), where it underscores the mundane domesticity of suburban middle-class couples navigating 1980s Britain.^[50] In television adaptations of literary works, the Princess embodies the eccentric detective archetype. The 2012 BBC series Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency, based on Douglas Adams' novels, prominently features a brown 1970s Leyland Princess as the titular character's longtime vehicle, affectionately called his "long and faithful servant." The car's frequent breakdowns and outdated design amplify Dirk's chaotic, holistic worldview, making it a narrative device for comedic mishaps and improbable connections across the storylines.^[51] Beyond screen media, the Princess has been referenced in motoring literature critiquing British Leyland's turbulent history. The 1975 launch event itself generated media buzz, with press coverage in Autocar magazine hailing it as a bold step toward modern family motoring.^[43]

Collectibility and Legacy

The Austin Princess line played a pivotal role in bridging Austin's pre-war tradition of luxury limousines with the rationalized production strategies of British Leyland (BL) during the 1960s and 1970s. Early models like the Vanden Plas Princess limousines maintained the hand-built elegance of post-war British coachbuilding, evolving from the Sheerline and adapting to BL's push for volume production while retaining opulent features such as divided rear seating and polished wood interiors. These vehicles served high-profile owners, including the British Royal Household; a notable example is the 1966 Austin Princess Landaulette, used by Queen Elizabeth II for ceremonial duties and later auctioned in 2023.^[52] By the ADO71 era, the Princess symbolized BL's ambitious yet troubled modernization efforts, incorporating innovative front-wheel drive and wedge-shaped styling that aimed to compete in the executive market but ultimately highlighted the company's industrial decline amid quality issues and market competition.^[43] The ADO71 Princess influenced the hatchback trend in British automotive design, with its forward-thinking layout—featuring a large tailgate and transverse engine—foreshadowing successors like the Rover 800 series, which adopted similar proportions and the O-series engine derived from the Princess for its four-cylinder variants.^[53] This design philosophy contributed to the evolution of family cars under BL and later Austin Rover, emphasizing practicality over traditional saloons during a period of rapid industry consolidation. Collectibility of the Princess varies by model, with early Vanden Plas limousines being particularly rare due to low production numbers—fewer than 20 Landaulette variants exist—and commanding values exceeding £20,000 for well-preserved examples as of 2025.^[54] In contrast, the more common ADO71 hatchbacks remain affordable for enthusiasts, typically valued between £3,000 and £10,000 depending on condition, with average prices around £5,000 reflecting their rising appeal as undervalued 1970s classics as of 2025.^[48] Active owner communities, such as the Leyland Princess & Ambassador Enthusiasts' Club established in 2003, support collectibility through events, parts sourcing, and a bi-monthly newsletter, fostering a dedicated following for both Austin and badge-engineered variants like Wolseley and Morris.^[55] Preservation efforts face challenges from parts scarcity, particularly for items like windscreen rubbers and Hydragas displacers, though specialists like Mac’s Factors and club suppliers mitigate this by reproducing components from original microfiche.^[56] Rust-prone areas such as sills, wheelarches, and door bottoms require vigilant restoration, often prioritizing the luxurious Vanden Plas interiors with their Connolly leather and walnut veneers to preserve the model's historical prestige. These efforts underscore the Princess's significance in documenting the UK motor industry's decline, serving as a tangible emblem of 1960s–1970s British engineering ambition amid economic and managerial turmoil.^[56]

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[15]
Princess - The Austin Car
The A135 Princess first appeared alongside its smaller sister the Sheerline in 1947, its position being more of a flagship than a serious production model. Like ...
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Detailed specs review of 1947 Austin A120 Princess model for Europe
Engine specifications · 3 carburetors · 3993 cm3 / 211.1 cui · 89.5 kW / 122 PS / 120 hp (gross) · 270 Nm / 199 ft-lb · 37 watt/kg / 17 watt/lb (estimated by a-c).
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1959 Austin A135 Princess IV Saloon Chassis no. DS7-13446 ...
Nov 12, 2013 · General Motors Hydramatic transmission, as favoured by Rolls-Royce, was the sole transmission on offer. The 'Austin' badge disappeared from the ...
[18]
1954 Austin A135 Princess Limousine (man. 4) - Automobile Catalog
The overall dimensions are 5461 mm / 215 in of length, 1890 mm / 74.4 in of width (without mirrors) and 1780 mm / 70.1 in of height. Check the tables below for ...
[19]
Austin A110 Westminster (1961-1968) - Motor Car History
Engine: in-line, water-cooled, overhead valve, 6-cylinder, 4-bearing counterbalanced crankshaft, with bore 3.281 in. (83.34 mm.), stroke 3.5 in. (89 mm.) and ...
[20]
Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R Specs, Performance, Comparisons
How many horsepower (hp) does a 1964 Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R have? The 1964 Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R has 177 PS / 175 bhp / 130 kW. How much does a ...
[21]
Princess 4 litre R - Austin Memories
In August 1964 the Vanden Plas 4 litre 'R' came out, this was based on the Princess 3 litre. body and suspension. The idea behind the deal was to produce an ...
[22]
Vanden Plas Princess 4-litre limousine - Brightwells Classic Cars
Engine No. 610114. History. The first Austin Princess was launched in 1947 as the flagship model in the Austin range. Based on the Austin Sheerline and ...Missing: specs - | Show results with:specs -
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https://www.vpoc.info/princess-1100
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Vanden Plas Princess 1100
Total Mark I production amounted to 15,256 of which only 88 were automatics. The final Princess 1100 Mark I was built in September 1967. Just two Vanden Plas ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[25]
BMC ADO16: lateral thinking | Classic & Sports Car
Sep 5, 2022 · In June 1967, BMC introduced the MG, Riley, Vanden Plas and Wolseley '1275' models, each with a single-carburettor 1.3-litre engine. When the ' ...
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ROAD TEST – 1971 VANDEN PLAS PRINCESS - Classics World
Nov 20, 2018 · The Princess was produced from 1963 until 1974, initially in 1100 ... The Princess gained the 70bhp version of the 1275 engine as found in ...
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Vanden Plas Princess 1275
This raised power by 3bhp to 58bhp at 5250rpm giving a top speed of 88mph. There was no automatic transmission option. The car was known and badged as the ...Missing: units features
[28]
Vanden Plas Princess 1100 variant - Morris 1100 in Australia
Vanden Plas produced luxuriously appointed versions of various Austin models during the 1950s. In 1963 a Morris 1100 was given the luxury treatment by Vanden ...Missing: export | Show results with:export
[29]
Vanden Plas Princess 1300
Production of the Vanden Plas Princess 1300 began in September 1967. All were built on the new ADO16 Mark 2 bodyshell identified by its cropped rear wings.Missing: facelifts 1970-1974
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The cars : BMC 1100/1300 (ADO16) development story - AROnline
and Vanden Plas Princess models were all four-door saloons. Styling changes on the ADO16 range included a much bolder grille, vented wheels and neater rear ...
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Curbside Classic: 1969 Vanden Plas Princess 1300 Mark II
Aug 17, 2022 · The ADO16 got a major makeover when it switched to a new 1275cc engine in 1967, leading to a sensible change in nomenclature to Princess 1300 ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Vanden Plas Princess driven: we rate the plushest of the BMC 1100s
Mar 1, 2019 · ... Vanden Plas Princess ... hp twin-carb 1275cc engine putting out around 104 hp). Well within ...
[33]
ADO71 DEVELOPMENT - Leyland Princess
The man chosen to create the look of the ADO71 was Harris Mann, who had previously worked on the Morris Marina and created the Austin Allegro – and since ...
[34]
Austin Princess - Simon Cars
Conceived to replace the ADO17 models, the ADO71 Austin Princess was in development in 1971. Harris Mann had just worked on the Austin Allegro and designed ...
[35]
The cars : Princess (ADO71) development story
The Princess (ADO71) development started as a confused mid-liner, initially named Diablo, with a wedge shape, and was designed to replace the ADO17, with a ...
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history | Princess and Ambassador
In 1978 there was a special version of the Princess 1800, known as the 1800 ST which was developed by the Special Tuning branch of Leyland Cars. This "Pluspac" ...
[37]
1975 Austin 1800-2200 ADO71 full range specs - Automobile Catalog
characteristic dimensions: outside length: 4455 mm / 175.41 in, width: 1730 mm / 68.11 in, wheelbase: 2672 mm / 105.2 in; reference weights: base curb weight: ...
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Unsung Heroes : Rover 2300 and 2600 - AROnline
Examples such as the rather brief 2600 Vanden Plas introduced in 1984 were always more understated than the 3500 Vanden Plas EFi or Vitesse variants, which some ...
[39]
Detailed specs review of 1977 Rover 3500 model for Europe
Engine specifications. Engine manufacturer: Rover 3.5-Litre V8 based on Buick Fireball 215. Engine type: spark-ignition 4-stroke. Fuel type: gasoline (petrol).
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Detailed specs review of 1976 Princess 2200 HL model for Europe
According to the ProfessCars™ estimation this Princess would accelerate 0-60 mph in 11.6 sec, 0-100 km/h in 12.3 sec and a quarter mile time is 18.4 sec. The ...Missing: variant | Show results with:variant
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Princess 18-22 (ADO71) data and specifications catalogue
Catalogue of specifications of Princess 18-22 (ADO71), all models, production years and versions in automobile-catalog.Missing: dimensions wheelbase length
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Around the World : The Princess export story (under many names)
Dec 20, 2024 · So, the New Zealanders grasped the chance to launch the new Princess 2 with its new engine under the new name Austin Princess – which some ...
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History : BMC, BL and Rover production figures - AROnline
Jul 10, 2025 · They also show that the 1970s were not all bad news: the Princess range all-but matched the production volumes of the 1800/2200 even though it ...
[44]
Facts and Figures : Britain's best-selling cars (1965-1999) - AROnline
Jun 2, 2024 · 1976 UK Market: 1,285,583, with the Top 10 accounting for 49.1%. Imports: 37.9%. BL: 28.2%, Ford: 25.2%, Vauxhall: 8.9%. 126,238: Ford Cortina ...
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A wedge of 40-year-old history: celebrating the Austin Princess
Mar 26, 2015 · On March 26, 1975, the 18-22 Series - or Princess as it became known - was born. Today, its birthday was celebrated by owners and the car's designer.
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Archive : 18-22 Series renamed Princess - AROnline
The 18-22 series was renamed Princess to move away from "badge engineering" and reduce costs, dropping Austin, Morris, and Wolseley names.Missing: rebadging | Show results with:rebadging
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British Leyland Princess development story - Austin Morris - AROnline
The British Leyland-built Princess started life as a marque-confused Austin, Morris and Wolseley mid-liner to replace the slow-selling Landcrab.
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Austin Princess (1975 – 1982) Review - Honest John Classics
The Princess truly is the car with no name. It was launched as as a series of three models, from Austin, Morris and Wolseley, then became the 'marqueless' ...
[49]
On Your Marques: British Leyland at 50 | Hagerty UK
Feb 23, 2018 · However, questionable build quality, poor management and constant BLMC factory trade union disputes and strikes hindered the true potential for ...<|separator|>
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Price Guide: Austin Princess [UPDATED 2025]
The Austin Princess, a luxury car, emerged in 1947. Initially produced by Austin, production shifted to Vanden Plas. It was favored by dignitaries.Missing: rationale | Show results with:rationale<|separator|>
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Princess - Engine Swap Depot
Nov 16, 2021 · Adam from Fab Co in Lincoln, UK is building a unique Austin Morris Princess. As the project's “PrincesS-Type” name indicates, ...
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1980 Princess 2 1700 HL [ADO71] in "The Full Monty, 1997"
1980 Princess 2 1700 [ADO71] in The Full Monty, Movie, 1997 ... Although everyone refers to this car as an Austin Princess, technically it was a Leyland Princess.
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Insidebikes: A Brief History Of The Princess - Carole Nash
Apr 26, 2018 · British Leyland decided they wanted to produce a family car, so the Austin-Morris division developed a vehicle that was named the Austin ...
[54]
Stephen Mangan 'bitterly upset' over axed Dirk Gently - BBC News
Jul 1, 2012 · Actor Stephen Mangan admits he is "bitterly upset" at the BBC's decision to drop the Dirk Gently series ... Dirk's Austin Leyland Princess [car].".
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Austin Sheerline vs Vanden Plas Princess: the Longbridge Daimlers
Jan 12, 2024 · In 1984, David's father bought the Princess from A135 ... Princess: the Longbridge Daimlers. The Princess name was a Vanden Plas touch.
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Curbside Classic - 1996 Rover 800 - Less Than The Sum Of Its Parts
Apr 14, 2021 · The four cylinder engine for the 800 was an interesting feature of the car. It was the 2.0 litre O series from the Princess with a 16 valve twin ...
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Austin Princess Market - CLASSIC.COM
Q: When was the Austin Princess produced? A: The Austin Princess was sold for model years 1947 to 1968. Have another FAQ about the Austin Princess? Let us ...
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Princess and Ambassador Club | Austin Princess Ambassador Club
the Leyland Princess and. Ambassador Enthusiasts' Club ... We are the official Leyland Princess & Ambassador Club catering for all AUSTIN, MORRIS, WOLSELEY, ...ABOUT US
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Buying Guide : Princess/Ambassador - AROnline
Although many people refer to the Princess as an Austin, it was always simply a Princess. ... Princess values have been slowly but steadily rising. The ...