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Brut

Brut (from Latin ''brutus'', meaning "raw", "crude", or "dull") is an adjective describing something unrefined or unprocessed. In English, it commonly refers to:

A term in wine terminology for dry sparkling wines, such as brut champagne.^[1]^[2]
Various works in literature, including the ''Roman de Brut'' and Layamon's ''Brut''.
Notable historical figures, such as Brutus of Troy and Walter Brut.
Modern uses, including grooming products, arts, and entertainment.

For detailed information, see the relevant sections below.

Etymology

Adjectival origins

The adjective brut, denoting raw, rough, or unrefined qualities, originates from the Latin brutus, which conveyed meanings of dull, heavy, stupid, or irrational. This term first appears in classical Latin literature around the 1st century BCE, notably in Lucretius' De Rerum Natura, where brūtum pondus refers to a "dead weight," emphasizing inert heaviness.^[3] The word likely entered Latin as a loan from an Italic language like Oscan, rooted in a Proto-Indo-European sense of "heavy," but its adjectival use in Roman texts solidified associations with lacking reason or sensitivity.^[4] By the 12th century, brutus had been adopted into Old French as brut, shifting to describe something coarse, crude, or unfinished, often in reference to materials like uncut stone or behaviors marked by roughness. This evolution reflects the linguistic adaptations during the medieval period, where the term gained broader applicability beyond mere stupidity to encompass unprocessed or primal states.^[1] In Old French texts, brut frequently appeared in contexts of natural or unrefined elements, bridging the classical emphasis on heaviness with emerging senses of rawness. The adjective entered Middle English around the 14th century through Anglo-Norman French influences, initially as brut or brute, preserving connotations of brutality, rawness, or animality. For instance, phrases like "brut beste" in 14th-century manuscripts denoted non-human animals, highlighting a distinction from rational beings.^[3] This usage aligned with the period's growing vernacular literature, where brut evoked unrefined or beastly qualities without the full pejorative weight of later interpretations. In modern languages, brut (retained in French and adopted in English technical contexts as brute) has evolved toward neutral or specialized applications, such as "brute force" in mechanics and computing to describe direct, unintelligent methods of application, or "brute matter" in philosophy for unformed substance. The proper name Brutus shares the Latin root brutus but developed separately as a nominal form denoting dullness, distinct from the adjectival trajectory.^[4]

Nominal origins

The nominal form of "Brut" originates as a variant of the Latin cognomen Brutus, which derives from the adjective brutus meaning "heavy" or "dull."^[5]^[6] This cognomen was prominently borne by Roman figures, including Lucius Junius Brutus (c. 545–509 BCE), the semi-legendary founder of the Roman Republic who led the overthrow of the last king, Tarquin the Proud.^[5]^[7] In medieval European legend, "Brut" or "Brutus" emerged as a proper name for a mythical Trojan exile, portrayed as a great-grandson of the hero Aeneas and the eponymous founder of Britain.^[8]^[9] This adaptation is primarily attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), a pseudohistorical chronicle that traces British origins to Trojan refugees and explicitly derives the name "Britain" from Brutus, who named the island after himself upon his arrival and conquest.^[10]^[11] The legendary Brutus's name thus influenced the pseudo-etymology of "Britain" (from Old French Bretaigne or Bryttain, evolving into Middle English forms), symbolizing a claimed Trojan heritage that linked British identity to classical antiquity in medieval chronicles and national origin myths.^[10]^[12] This nominal usage, while sharing a linguistic root with the adjectival "brut" in Latin, developed independently as a proper noun without direct causal connection, functioning as a homonym in English.^[6]

In literature

Roman de Brut

The Roman de Brut is a 12th-century Anglo-Norman verse chronicle authored by the poet Wace, an ecclesiastic from the Channel Islands, and completed around 1155. Comprising approximately 15,000 lines in octosyllabic couplets, it represents the first vernacular history of Britain in Old French, adapting Latin sources into a narrative accessible to a courtly audience.^[13] Wace's work was composed under the patronage of King Henry II of England, with a presentation copy dedicated to Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, reflecting its role in the cultural milieu of the Angevin court. The chronicle draws primarily from Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, expanding its pseudo-historical account to trace the mythical origins and rulers of Britain from the Trojan exile Brutus—after whom the text is named—to the death of Cadwallader around 689 CE. Blending legendary elements, such as prophecies and magical interventions, with purported historical events and romantic episodes, Wace's adaptation emphasizes the grandeur of British kingship while incorporating contemporary chivalric ideals. A notable innovation is Wace's introduction of the Round Table as a symbol of equality among Arthur's knights, resolving courtly disputes over precedence and foreshadowing its central place in later Arthurian romance. This addition, absent in Geoffrey's Latin text, underscores Wace's enhancement of chivalric themes, profoundly influencing subsequent medieval literature on King Arthur and his fellowship.^[14]^[15] No autograph manuscript of the Roman de Brut survives; the earliest extant copies date from the 13th century, with additional manuscripts produced through the 14th and 15th centuries, attesting to its widespread dissemination in medieval Europe. These copies, often richly illuminated, preserved Wace's text in monastic and courtly libraries, facilitating its transmission across linguistic and regional boundaries.^[16] In post-Norman Conquest Britain, the Roman de Brut played a pivotal role in shaping narratives of English identity by vernacularizing a shared British past that bridged Norman rulers with ancient legends, fostering a sense of continuity amid cultural and linguistic shifts following 1066. Its portrayal of a unified insular heritage from Trojan roots to medieval monarchs provided a mythic foundation for Angevin legitimacy and collective memory, influencing historiographical traditions that reconciled conquest with native lore.^[17]

Layamon's Brut

Layamon's Brut, composed by the English priest Layamon (also spelled Lawman) around 1190–1215, is a substantial Middle English poem of approximately 16,000 alliterative verse lines that chronicles the legendary history of Britain from its mythical founding to the early Middle Ages. Drawing primarily from Wace's Roman de Brut, Layamon's work recasts the narrative in a distinctly English idiom, marking it as one of the first major literary efforts in the vernacular following the Norman Conquest.^[18]^[19] In adapting his source, Layamon significantly expands the material with heightened depictions of violence in battles and a greater emphasis on supernatural motifs, such as prophetic visions and otherworldly interventions, particularly in the Arthurian sections. These additions incorporate folkloric elements drawn from oral traditions, including tales of giants, enchanted beings, and liminal encounters that infuse the chronicle with a mythic intensity absent in Wace's more restrained Anglo-Norman version. For instance, Arthur emerges as a preternatural figure entangled with fairy realms, underscoring themes of disrupted kingship and cultural liminality. Such enhancements not only amplify dramatic tension but also weave in native English storytelling conventions, reflecting Layamon's intent to "adorn the book with good verses" through vivid, archaic flourishes.^[18]^[20]^[21] Linguistically, Layamon's Brut holds pivotal importance as an early exemplar of Middle English literature, composed in a West Midlands dialect that retains robust native vocabulary while integrating subtle French romance influences. Its alliterative meter revives Old English poetic techniques, such as paired half-lines bound by initial consonant sounds, thereby bridging pre-Conquest heroic traditions with post-Norman narrative forms and contributing to the evolution of English verse. This stylistic fusion underscores Layamon's role in reclaiming English as a literary medium amid French dominance.^[22]^[23]^[24] The poem is preserved in two key manuscripts: the earlier Cotton Caligula A.ix (circa 1250), which is more complete and faithful to Layamon's original, and the later Cotton Otho C.xiii (circa 1300), a revised copy partially damaged by fire in the 18th century. These versions, held in the British Library, reveal scribal variations that highlight the text's transmission and adaptation over time.^[18] Within the broader landscape of British literature, Layamon's Brut fosters a nationalist vision of history by foregrounding Anglo-Saxon heroic ethos and indigenous folklore, positioning Britain as a continuous lineage resilient to foreign incursions. This emphasis on native elements, evident in its portrayal of English kings and warriors, resonated in the post-Norman era as a subtle assertion of cultural identity.^[23]^[21]^[18]

Prose Brut and Welsh adaptations

The Prose Brut emerged in the late 13th century as an anonymous compilation in Anglo-Norman French, drawing from Latin sources and extending the legendary history of Britain from its mythical founding by Brutus to contemporary events around 1272 or later.^[25] This shift from verse to prose enhanced its accessibility for a broader audience, transforming it into a versatile universal history that incorporated recent political developments and served as a key secular text in medieval England.^[26] Influenced by earlier metrical chronicles like that of Robert of Gloucester, the Prose Brut was translated into Middle English during the 14th century, with versions circulating widely and surviving in over 150 manuscripts across Anglo-Norman, Latin, and English forms.^[27] Building briefly on the foundational verse adaptations by Wace and Layamon, these prose iterations emphasized narrative continuity and practical utility for historical reference.^[28] In Welsh literary traditions, adaptations of the Brut material preserved and localized the narrative, reflecting Celtic perspectives distinct from English-centric accounts. Brut y Brenhinedd, compiled in the 13th century, represents a Middle Welsh translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, recounting the kings of Britain from Brutus to Cadwallader, the last British ruler, and existing in multiple manuscript variants that adapted the text for Welsh readership.^[29] Complementing this, Brut y Tywysogion, an annalistic chronicle assembled around 1330, continues the history with a focus on Welsh princes and events from 681 to 1282, providing a year-by-year record of native rulers and conflicts.^[30] Later scribes, including the 15th-century Gutun Owain, extended these works with continuations up to the mid-15th century, integrating them into broader Welsh manuscript compilations.^[31] These Welsh adaptations hold significant value as primary sources for medieval Welsh history, offering detailed insights into princely lineages, territorial disputes, and cultural identity that contrast sharply with the Anglo-Norman Prose Brut's emphasis on a unified British monarchy.^[32] Brut y Tywysogion, in particular, stands as a cornerstone of Welsh historiography, documenting the resilience of native governance amid English incursions and serving as an essential counter-narrative to dominant English chronicles.^[33] Through their dissemination in monastic and secular manuscripts, these texts not only sustained the Brut tradition but also fostered a sense of Welsh historical continuity into the post-conquest era.^[34]

Notable figures

Brutus of Troy

Brutus of Troy, also known as Brut or Brute, is a central figure in medieval British mythology, depicted as the great-grandson of the Trojan hero Aeneas and the legendary founder of Britain. According to the myth, following the fall of Troy around 1184 BCE, Brutus was exiled after accidentally killing his father during a hunt, leading a group of Trojan refugees on a long voyage westward. He eventually arrived in Britain circa 1100 BCE, where he and his followers settled the island, subduing its giant inhabitants and establishing a new homeland for the Trojans.^[8] In the narrative, Brutus consulted an oracle at the temple of Diana in Gaul, which prophesied that he would found a new Troy in the western lands destined for his people. Guided by this vision, he named the island Britain (from Latin Britannia, later Bryttain) after himself, and established his capital at New Troy, which became known as London (from Latin Troia Nova). Portrayed as a noble warrior-king, Brutus defeated the giants led by Gogmagog, organized the land into regions for his Trojan companions, and instituted laws that laid the foundations of British governance. This account is first detailed in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), a pseudo-historical chronicle that traces Britain's rulers from Brutus through to the Anglo-Saxon period, blending epic heroism with origin myths.^[8] The legend of Brutus served as a powerful symbol of Trojan origins for the British monarchy, reinforcing claims of ancient nobility and continuity in royal lineages from medieval times into the 17th century; it influenced heraldry, such as emblems of Trojan descent in coats of arms, and bolstered national identity by linking Britain to the classical world of Virgil's Aeneid.^[35]^[36] However, scholars like the Italian historian Polydore Vergil critiqued it as fictional in his Anglica Historia (1534), arguing that Geoffrey fabricated the Trojan migration to glorify British history, leading to its gradual dismissal as myth rather than fact. There is no archaeological or historical evidence supporting Brutus's existence or the Trojan settlement, confirming the tale as a purely mythical construct that fused elements of Virgil's Aeneid with pre-existing Celtic lore about ancient invaders and island origins.^[37]^[38] This foundational myth inspired later "Brut" chronicles that chronicled British history from Brutus onward.

Walter Brut

Walter Brut (c. 1320–1340 – c. 1400) was a Welsh landowner and self-taught theologian from the borders of Herefordshire, England, active primarily in the 1390s as a proponent of religious reform.^[39] Born into the local gentry near the Welsh marches, Brut inherited lands in Herefordshire and became known as a lay scholar who engaged deeply with biblical texts and contemporary reformist ideas, despite lacking formal clerical education.^[40] His activities placed him at the intersection of English and Welsh intellectual traditions, where he drew on historical narratives like the Brut chronicles to justify his theological positions in a single instance during his defense.^[39] In 1391–1393, Brut faced charges of heresy before Bishop John Trefnant at Hereford Cathedral, accused of preaching against core Catholic doctrines including transubstantiation, the corruption of the clergy, and prohibitions on female preaching.^[41] These views aligned closely with the ideas of John Wycliffe, the English reformer, reflecting Brut's exposure to Lollard teachings that emphasized scriptural authority over ecclesiastical tradition.^[40] The trial proceedings, recorded in Latin, captured Brut's eloquent self-defense, where he cited biblical passages and historical precedents to refute the charges, ultimately leading to his abjuration on October 3, 1393, after conviction on 37 heretical conclusions.^[39] Brut's key contributions survive primarily in the trial records, including theological tracts that critiqued the Eucharist as symbolic rather than literal and advocated for broader church reforms to address clerical abuses.^[42] These writings, disseminated among reformist circles after the trial, played a role in fostering early Lollard sympathies in Wales, marking Brut as a pivotal figure in extending Wycliffite thought beyond England.^[43] Brut died around 1400, possibly amid the early stirrings of the Welsh revolt led by Owain Glyn Dŵr, leaving a legacy as a connector between English Lollardy and nascent Welsh reform movements.^[39] His trial transcripts, though partially preserved, offer incomplete but vital insights into late medieval dissent, with fuller details emerging from episcopal registers rather than comprehensive modern editions.^[40]

Modern uses

Wine terminology

In the context of sparkling wine production, "brut" is a French term denoting a dry style, derived from the word meaning "raw" or "unrefined," and it specifically refers to the level of residual sugar after the dosage process in winemaking.^[44]^[45] This terminology emerged in the Champagne region of France during the 19th century, as producers sought to cater to evolving tastes for less sweet sparkling wines, particularly among British consumers who preferred drier profiles over the sweeter styles dominant earlier in the century.^[46] The term gained prominence with the rise of brut champagnes in the mid-1800s, marking a shift toward balancing the wine's natural acidity with minimal added sweetness.^[46] The dosage scale for brut classifies sparkling wines with 0–12 grams of sugar per liter, positioning it as drier than sec (17–32 g/L) but allowing slightly more residual sugar than extra brut (0–6 g/L).^[47] This category represents the most prevalent style, comprising over 80% of Champagne production, due to its versatile appeal that complements a wide range of foods without overpowering sweetness.^[48]^[49] The standards were formalized under the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) regulations established in 1927, which delineated production rules for Champagne, including dosage levels to ensure consistency and quality across the appellation.^[50]^[51] Beyond Champagne, the brut designation has been adopted globally for sparkling wines produced via methods like the traditional (Champagne-style) or Charmat process, including Spanish Cava and Italian Prosecco, where it similarly indicates low residual sugar for a dry character.^[52]^[53] Variations such as brut nature, which features no added dosage and less than 3 g/L sugar, emphasize an even purer, unadulterated expression and are increasingly popular in regions like Penedès for Cava.^[48]^[54] Brut sparkling wines exhibit a sensory profile characterized by crisp acidity, vibrant fruit notes, and subtle minerality, with minimal perceptible sweetness that enhances their refreshment as aperitifs or pairings with seafood and poultry.^[55] A representative example is Veuve Clicquot Brut Yellow Label, which displays aromas of pear, apple, and peach alongside a balanced, elegant structure from its blend of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier grapes.^[56]

Grooming products

Brut is a prominent brand in men's grooming, originally launched in 1964 by Fabergé as an aftershave splash, quickly expanding to include cologne, deodorant, and soap products. The fragrance is characterized by its woody, aromatic profile, featuring prominent notes of lavender in the top and heart accords, alongside musk and amber in the base for a bold, masculine finish. This alcohol-based formula was designed for everyday use, offering an affordable option that appealed to a broad audience seeking simple, effective post-shave care.^[57]^[58] The brand's marketing emphasized post-war ideals of rugged masculinity, positioning Brut as the essence of unpretentious manhood—its name drawing from the French term "brut," evoking raw, straightforward strength. Iconic campaigns in the 1970s, particularly in the UK, featured boxer Henry Cooper with the tagline "Splash it all over," portraying tough-guy archetypes through sports figures and action-oriented imagery that resonated during the era's male grooming surge. Acquired by Unilever in 1989 for part of a $1.55 billion deal encompassing Fabergé's cosmetics lines, Brut saw further global distribution under the conglomerate before Unilever sold the Western Hemisphere rights to Helen of Troy Ltd. in 2003 for $55 million, at which point the brand generated around $40-45 million in annual sales in those markets. In June 2021, Helen of Troy sold Brut (as part of a personal care portfolio) to High Ridge Brands for $44.7 million; High Ridge Brands was then acquired by Sodalis Group in October 2024, with Sodalis USA as the current owner as of 2025.^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63]^[64] Culturally, Brut symbolized the 1960s–1980s boom in men's personal care, becoming a staple in households and a shorthand for hyper-masculine grooming rituals, often parodied in media for its overt "macho" branding and memorable, tongue-in-cheek advertisements. The core formula has seen limited updates since its inception, preserving the original scent's integrity amid evolving trends. As of 2025, Brut continues to be widely available through major retailers, though it faces stiff competition from niche and artisanal fragrances; no major reformulations have been reported, keeping it a nostalgic yet viable option in the market.^[65]^[66]

Arts and entertainment

In the realm of arts and entertainment, "Brut" most prominently refers to art brut, a term coined by French artist Jean Dubuffet in 1945 to describe works created by self-taught individuals operating outside conventional artistic influences and institutions.^[67] Dubuffet, inspired by Hans Prinzhorn's 1922 book Artistry of the Mentally Ill, applied the label to raw expressions from psychiatric patients, prisoners, children, and other marginalized creators who produced art intuitively, free from cultural norms or professional training.^[68] In 1948, Dubuffet founded the Compagnie de l'Art Brut in Paris to collect and promote such works, amassing over 5,000 pieces by 133 artists by the early 1970s; the collection, now known as the Collection de l'Art Brut in Lausanne, Switzerland, has grown to exceed 70,000 works focused on these outsider perspectives.^[69]^[70] Art brut is characterized by its unconventional, obsessive, and intuitive styles that reject established aesthetic standards, often employing found materials like mud or crayons and featuring repetitive patterns, spiritual motifs, or personal mythologies.^[67] A seminal example is the oeuvre of Swiss artist Adolf Wölfli (1864–1930), who, after institutionalization in 1895, produced a vast 25,000-page illustrated epic from 1908 to 1930, blending geometric designs, maps, and hallucinatory narratives in densely detailed drawings.^[67] This movement's emphasis on authenticity and anti-establishment rawness influenced the DIY ethos of 1970s punk music and broader contemporary art practices, underscoring a rejection of polished, commodified creativity in favor of unfiltered human impulse.^[67] The term also inspired the English indie rock band Art Brut, formed in London in 2003 by vocalist Eddie Argos (born Ian Visco), guitarist Jasper Gelist, bassist Ian Catskilkin, and drummer Mike Breyer, later joined by others like drummer Charlie Layton.^[71] Known for their post-punk revival sound, witty spoken-word lyrics, and narrative-driven songs about everyday absurdities, the group released their debut album Bang Bang Rock & Roll in 2005, which peaked at number 26 on the UK Albums Chart and featured singles like "Formed a Band" and "Good Weekend."^[72]^[73] Follow-up albums included It's a Bit Complicated (2006) and Art Brut vs. Satan (2009), after which the band disbanded; they reformed in 2016, releasing Brilliant! Tragic! that year and continuing with sporadic output emphasizing their irreverent, angular style.^[71]^[72] Art Brut drew direct inspiration from Dubuffet's concept, adopting the name to evoke the "raw" and unpolished energy of outsider art, aligning their music's outsider ethos—comparing themselves to untrained creators or "mental patients"—with themes of unpretentious expression and cultural subversion, though without formal ties to the visual art movement.^[74]^[75] This connection highlights how brut's adjectival root in "rawness" extends from visual arts to performative media, capturing unrefined creative vitality.^[67]

References

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Brut Original Eau de Toilette Fragrance Review - Bespoke Unit
Aug 24, 2017 · Brut is one of the most iconic colognes of the 1960s that was developed by Karl Mann and first launched by Fabergé in 1964.
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RETRO - Faberge Brut Cologne - Surrender to Chance
In stock Rating 5.0 (1) · $10.95 deliveryIntroduced in 1964 and created by Karl Mann, Faberge Brut was marketed as a luxury scent. In 1968, a budget range was marketed as Brut 33.
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Feb 11, 1989 · The consumer-products giant Unilever said yesterday that it had agreed to buy Faberge Inc., a leading cosmetics company, for $1.55 billion in cash.
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BRUT is where you find character in your personal care. Our products are made for your distinct needs with features and fragrances that embody your distinct ...
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Sodalis USA
Our portfolio of trusted, iconic brands in skin cleansing and deodorants, such as Zest®, Coast®, SeaBreeze®, SURE®, and BRUT® have been helping people feel good ...Contact · Brands · About · Terms of Service
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Roman cognomen meaning "heavy" in Latin. Famous bearers include Lucius Junius Brutus, the traditional founder of the Roman Republic.
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In other words, the alliterative meter was exactly what might be expected for an indigenous early ME poem that portrayed the long sweep of English legendary.
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Wace•s Roman de Brut, the opposition of one line to the other is not usually a feature of the French poem.5. La3amon also uses this half-line structure to.
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Brutus of Troy and the quest for the origins of the British
Brutus of Troy completely recasts the notion of 'ancient' ancestry by looking not at DNA, archaeology, or genealogical records, but at the history of an idea…
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We were the Trojans: British national identities in 1633 - jstor
Polydore. Vergil had subsequently declared it to be a myth, Brutus remained a potent icon of national pride. Moreover, since. Brutus's descent from. Aeneas.Missing: critique | Show results with:critique
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Three aspects to the reputation of Polydore Vergil in the sixteenth ...
Jan 9, 2014 · Polydore Vergil offended many English scholars as he claimed that Geoffrey of Monmouth had lied about the founding of Britain by Brutus and ...
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The True Origins of the Legend of Brutus of Troy and the London ...
May 28, 2016 · The myth of Brutus has no basis in real history but was invented in the Dark Ages to provide Britain with a noble origin linked to the great mythologies of ...
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Who Was Walter Brut? - jstor
a convicted heretic.58 Brut must already have been on Trefnant s radar, but ... that he was an assessor at Walters heresy trial, having onl abjured ...
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https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/how-much-sugar-in-brut-champagne/
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19. Walter Brute - The Digital Humanities Institute
From 1391-3, he was tried for heresy ... The reason they are coming up in Brut's trial is that he was charged with having defended these heretical articles.
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[PDF] Walter Brut's Utilization of Profeminine Rhetoric Towards ...
Walter Brut was a fourteenth-century Welsh gentryman, known in modern times for his activism as a Lollard preacher in the area of Herefordshire.2 Little ...
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Making bodies: confection and conception in Walter Brut's ...
It preserves a fascinating series of self-justifications written in Latin by this 'sinner, layman, husbandman (agricola) and Christian', as Brut styles himself, ...
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Brut Champagne - Winemaking, Best Bottles, Tasting Notes (2025)
Brut Champagne is a style of dry sparkling wine produced in the Champagne region of France. Brut means “dry, raw, or unrefined” in French and is the least sweet ...
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Sparkling wine brut: history, definition and classification
Aug 6, 2021 · The word Brut is French and literally means “raw, pure“. The indication is written in the labels of dry sparkling wines in order to identify ...
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https://www.wineenthusiast.com/basics/advanced-studies/sparkling-wine-sweetness-levels/
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Champagne - Wikipedia
The trend towards drier champagne began when Perrier-Jouët decided not to sweeten his 1846 vintage before exporting it to London. The designation Brut ...History of champagne · Champagne wine region · List of Champagne houses
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Champagne Sweetness Scale: From Brut to Doux - Wine Folly
Brut Nature 0-3 g/L residual sugar (RS) · Extra Brut 0-6 g/L RS · Brut 0-12 g/L RS · Extra Dry 12-17 g/L RS · Dry 17-32 g/L RS · Demi-Sec 32-50 g/L RS · Doux 50+ g/L ...
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Dosage - Union des Maisons de Champagne
Extra-Brut: 0-6 grams of sugar per litre · Brut Nature: less than 3 grams of sugar per litre · Brut: less than 12 grams of sugar per litre · Extra-Dry: 12-17 grams ...
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A Sweetness Guide of Champagne from Brut Nature to Doux
There are seven levels of sweetness in champagne ranging from Brut to Doux. Brut is the most common and makes up 80 -90% of all champagne sales.Missing: scale | Show results with:scale
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Definition and law - Union des Maisons de Champagne
1927 definition of the only grape varieties approved for production; 1935 introduction of a maximum yield per hectare and a maximum permitted press yield, a ...Missing: brut | Show results with:brut
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Dosage | Champagne.fr
A Champagne doux contains more than 50 grams of sugar per litre, a Champagne demi-sec between 32 and 50 grams per litre, between 17 and 32 grams of sugar per ...
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What is the difference between Cava, Champagne and Prosecco?
Apr 16, 2021 · Cava is a sparkling wine made according to the traditional method, ie it undergoes a second fermentation in the same bottle that will reach the consumer.Missing: global | Show results with:global
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https://investor.helenoftroy.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2003/Helen-of-Troy-Limited-Completes-Acquisition-of-Brut-Brand-From-Unilever/default.aspx
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What is the difference between a Brut cava and a Brut Nature?
Oct 5, 2021 · Brut Nature is the driest cava you can drink, with a sweet touch that is barely noticeable. This makes some people consider it a good option ...
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What Is Brut Champagne? - The Spruce Eats
Sep 29, 2022 · Brut champagne, a dry sparkling wine, is the most popular type of champagne exported from France. With a small amount of natural sugars remaining in the wine.
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Veuve Clicquot Brut Yellow Label
Yellow Label Brut cuvée reveals an aromatic profile dominated by notes of white and yellow fruits like pear, apple, and peach.
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Brut Brut Parfums Prestige cologne - a fragrance for men 1964
Rating 4.0 (1,033) Brut, one of the most popular men's colognes was first launched in 1964. It is originally produced by Faberge Paris. Top notes: lemon, bergamot, lavender ...
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https://thesmellofman.com/2023/02/09/brut-aftershave-review/
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Faberge to Sell Cosmetics Units to Unilever : Arden, Brut, Aqua Net ...
Feb 11, 1989 · Faberge to Sell Cosmetics Units to Unilever : Arden, Brut, Aqua Net Among Firms Included in $1.55-Billion Deal. By JESUS SANCHEZ. Feb. 11, 1989 ...
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Helen of Troy Limited Completes Acquisition of Brut Brand From ...
On September 2, 2003, Helen of Troy announced the signing of a definitive agreement to acquire Brut for the United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico and ...Missing: cologne | Show results with:cologne
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15 Retro Fragrances and Their Cheesy Commercials - Mental Floss
Mar 11, 2024 · Some of the scents popular in the 1970s and '80s had some very memorable TV commercials whose jingles lasted longer than the product availability did.
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Before you buy Brut Aftershave in 2025 | THE SMELL OF MAN
Feb 9, 2023 · It was produced originally by Faberge Paris; however, the version I have here has been created by Unilever, which now owns the Brut Original ...
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Art Brut and Outsider Art Movement Overview | TheArtStory
Nov 22, 2018 · Wilson received recognition relatively quickly and by 1945 he had decided to return to London. During the early 1950s, Jean Dubuffet became ...
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The Beauty of Art Brut | Columbia News
Mar 5, 2021 · In 1945, renowned French painter Jean Dubuffet coined the term, and began to collect works made by outsider artists, “those who haven't had the ...
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Collection De L'Art Brut, Lausanne - Salterton Arts Review
Aug 20, 2023 · It has continued to grow since the 1970s, and now numbers over 70,000 works, approximately 700 of which are on display.
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Art brut - Tate
Dubuffet made a large collection of art brut, and in 1948 founded the Compagnie de l'Art Brut to promote its study. His collection is now housed in a museum ...
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https://loose-lips.com/index.php/2006/08/art-brut/
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Art Brut Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More - AllMusic
Irreverent British post-punk revival band who became standard-bearers for the style in the 2000s and beyond. Read Full Biography ...
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ART BRUT songs and albums | full Official Chart history
ART BRUT songs and albums, peak chart positions, career stats, week-by-week chart runs and latest news.
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Art Brut: Brilliant, Tragic (But Mostly Brilliant) - Interview Magazine
Jun 22, 2011 · CHARLOTTE JAPP: Art Brut is named after Jean Dubuffet's term for outsider art. ... Art Brut 7 won, they did a cover of “Formed a Band,” but ...
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Art Brut - Loose Lips
Aug 21, 2006 · Art Brut's name comes from raw art, by untrained people, and mental patients, which Eddie often compares the band to.