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CID

The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the plainclothes detective branch within many police forces of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth nations, tasked with investigating serious and complex crimes through specialized methods such as forensic analysis and undercover operations.^[1]^[2] Established in London's Metropolitan Police in 1878 to address rising organized crime amid industrialization, the CID operates independently from uniformed patrols, focusing on evidence gathering, witness interviews, and suspect apprehension for offenses like murder, fraud, and terrorism.^[3] Its structure emphasizes hierarchical ranks from detective constable to chief superintendent, with regional variations adapting to local threats, though it has faced scrutiny for occasional investigative lapses, including the mishandling of high-profile cases that eroded public trust in the late 20th century.^[4] In parallel, analogous divisions exist in military contexts, such as the United States Army Criminal Investigation Division, which conducts felony probes across global deployments to safeguard personnel and assets.^[5]

Criminal Investigation and Law Enforcement

Civilian Police Departments

The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) units in civilian police departments represent specialized branches dedicated to probing serious and complex crimes, distinct from uniformed patrol duties. Originating in the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan Police CID was formally established on April 8, 1878, by Captain C. E. Howard Vincent as a reorganization of the scandal-plagued Detective Branch, marking the advent of a professional detective force focused on evidence gathering for offenses such as homicide, fraud, and robbery.^[6] This structure emphasized plainclothes operations and centralized intelligence, expanding rapidly to approximately 800 officers by 1883 amid rising urban crime demands.^[6] Over time, CIDs evolved to incorporate forensic techniques and inter-agency coordination, contributing to higher detection rates for indictable offenses compared to general policing, though overall UK homicide clearance rates hovered around 90% in recent decades while fraud resolutions lagged below 10%.^[7] Globally, the UK model spurred adaptations in colonial and post-colonial contexts, such as India's provincial CIDs initiated around 1906 to address criminal intelligence needs, including fingerprint bureaus and crime branch operations targeting organized syndicates and political unrest.^[8] In Uttar Pradesh, for instance, the CID bifurcated in 1958 into distinct intelligence and investigation wings, prioritizing probes into corruption, narcotics trafficking, and economic crimes, with operations yielding convictions in major cases through specialized squads.^[9] These units typically operate under state or national police hierarchies, employing detectives trained in surveillance, witness interrogation, and digital forensics to build prosecutable cases, often achieving closure rates exceeding 50% in targeted organized crime initiatives where resources are allocated efficiently.^[10] Notable achievements underscore CID efficacy in high-stakes scenarios, yet reveal causal vulnerabilities like resource shortages and procedural missteps. In the UK, the West Yorkshire CID's investigation into the Yorkshire Ripper murders (1975–1981) ultimately led to Peter Sutcliffe's arrest on January 2, 1981, after linking him to 13 killings via tire tracks and witness leads, resulting in his conviction for murder and attempted murder.^[11] However, the inquiry, involving over 2.5 million documents and 150,000 interviews, was hampered by a hoax tape distraction and assumptions about victim profiles, delaying resolution by years and prompting the 1982 Byford Report to cite understaffing and fragmented command as primary failures rather than inherent systemic bias.^[12] Similar critiques apply elsewhere, with Indian CIDs facing overload from caseloads—often exceeding 1,000 active files per unit—leading to backlogs, though empirical gains from forensic integration have boosted conviction probabilities in corruption probes by up to 30% in documented operations.^[13] Operational constraints, including budget shortfalls averaging 10-15% below targets in UK forces, consistently correlate with lower closure efficiencies across jurisdictions, underscoring the need for sustained funding over procedural reforms alone.^[7]

Military Investigation Divisions

The United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) traces its origins to November 1918, when General John J. Pershing directed the Provost Marshal General of the American Expeditionary Forces to establish the first criminal investigation division to address fraud and other crimes during World War I.^[14] This unit evolved through various iterations, including integration into the Military Police Corps in 1918 and formal establishment as the Criminal Investigation Division under the Provost Marshal General's Office in 1944, before being designated as a major Army command on September 17, 1971, with the creation of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC).^[5]^[15] CID's mandate focuses exclusively on felony-level investigations within the Army, encompassing serious crimes such as murder, rape, larceny, and drug offenses involving soldiers, as well as war crimes, terrorism, and misconduct that undermine military readiness or national security.^[16] Unlike civilian law enforcement, CID operates under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), prioritizing deterrence of internal threats to unit cohesion and operational effectiveness, with agents conducting thousands of investigations annually across global deployments.^[17] Post-9/11, CID's workload expanded significantly due to heightened counterterrorism operations and overseas contingencies, including investigations into detainee abuse, insider attacks, and financial crimes in Iraq and Afghanistan, which strained resources and led to increased integration with intelligence units for threat assessment.^[14] This period saw CID agents embedded in combat zones, contributing to prosecutions under the UCMJ for over 100 war-related felonies between 2003 and 2011, though official data highlights persistent challenges in case closure amid surging caseloads from wartime misconduct.^[18] Critics, including anonymous agents, have pointed to over-centralization under non-investigative military police leadership as exacerbating agent burnout, with a 2020 report citing mismanagement, excessive administrative burdens, and leadership directives prioritizing metrics over investigative autonomy, resulting in high attrition rates among specialized personnel.^[19] Despite these issues, CID's efforts have demonstrably deterred internal threats, as evidenced by resolved cases protecting warfighting assets and personnel, with annual reports documenting interventions in fraud schemes totaling millions in recovered funds.^[17] Internationally, analogous units include the United Kingdom's Special Investigation Branch (SIB) of the Royal Military Police (RMP), which originated in 1940 by transferring 19 Metropolitan Police detectives to investigate serious crimes in France during World War II, expanding post-war into a dedicated felony probe arm for the British Army. The SIB handles UCMJ-equivalent inquiries into soldier misconduct, theft, and violent crimes, often in expeditionary settings, mirroring CID's focus on maintaining discipline without encroaching on host-nation jurisdictions.^[20] Similar structures exist in other forces, such as the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI) and Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), which post-9/11 broadened scopes to include cyber threats and insurgency-related felonies, underscoring a global trend toward specialized military detective branches insulated from routine policing to ensure impartiality in high-stakes probes.^[21] These divisions collectively emphasize causal links between unchecked internal crimes and degraded combat effectiveness, prioritizing empirical case outcomes over broader societal narratives.

Legal and Investigative Processes

The Civil Investigative Demand (CID) serves as an administrative subpoena mechanism employed by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) to compel production of documents, tangible items, written reports, or oral testimony in civil probes, primarily targeting antitrust violations, consumer protection issues, and fraud without immediate court supervision.^[22] Authorized under statutes like the FTC Act amendments of the mid-1970s (15 U.S.C. § 57b-1) and the Antitrust Civil Process Act for DOJ, CIDs enable agencies to assemble pre-litigation evidence efficiently, focusing on relevance to potential unfair or deceptive acts rather than criminal thresholds.^[23] This process contrasts with grand jury subpoenas by avoiding prosecutorial intent, though recipients must demonstrate burdensomeness or irrelevance to resist, with non-compliance risking judicial enforcement orders and daily fines up to $5,000.^[24] Procedurally, CIDs specify the investigation's scope—limited to documentary evidence and interrogatories—and afford recipients 20 to 30 days for response, often negotiable for extensions amid voluminous requests that can span thousands of pages.^[25] Agencies emphasize this tool's role in streamlining fraud detection, as seen in FTC antitrust inquiries where CIDs uncover merger-related documents without protracted discovery.^[22] However, business advocates have raised overreach concerns, citing broad demands that strain resources; in response, 2025 FTC positions in challenges like the Media Matters preliminary injunction affirmed strict compliance expectations while permitting meet-and-confers to refine requests, balancing efficiency against procedural due process.^[26] ^[27] Empirically, CIDs yield high compliance, driving enforcement outcomes such as the FTC's 2019 $5 billion settlement with Facebook over privacy lapses, where demands facilitated evidence of inadequate data safeguards in tech operations investigated since prior years.^[28] DOJ issuance hit a record 1,504 CIDs under the False Claims Act in 2024, correlating with heightened recoveries from qui tam actions, though recipient petitions for relief occasionally delay proceedings—attributable to case-specific litigation rather than systemic overbreadth.^[29] Such delays, while critiqued for inefficiency, underscore the mechanism's judicial check rather than undermining its evidentiary value in civil resolutions.^[30]

Entertainment and Media

Films

C.I.D. (1956) is an Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film directed by Raj Khosla, featuring Dev Anand as Inspector Shekhar, a CID officer investigating the murder of a newspaper editor linked to underworld activities.^[31] The plot emphasizes procedural elements, including evidence gathering and suspect interrogation, reflecting early cinematic portrayals of Indian law enforcement operations amid post-independence urban crime concerns. Released on 31 May 1956, it received positive reception for its suspenseful narrative and noir influences, earning a 7.1/10 rating on IMDb from user reviews praising its taut direction and Dev Anand's performance as a determined detective.^[31] Critics have noted its role in establishing Khosla's reputation in the genre, though it sensationalizes some investigative shortcuts for dramatic effect rather than strict realism.^[32] C.I.D. (1965), a Telugu-language action film produced by Vijaya Productions and directed by Tapi Chanakya, centers on CID personnel combating criminal elements in a narrative blending investigation with high-stakes confrontations. Released in 1965, it prioritizes action sequences over detailed procedural accuracy, contributing to regional cinema's depiction of police efficacy through heroic resolutions. The film grossed modestly in Andhra Pradesh theaters, reflecting its appeal to audiences seeking escapist thrills over empirical portrayals of investigative challenges like bureaucratic hurdles or evidentiary constraints. C.I.D. Moosa (2003) is a Malayalam-language action comedy directed by Johny Antony, starring Dileep as Moosa, a bumbling private investigator inspired by CID archetypes, tackling cases involving espionage and local intrigue.^[33] Released on 4 July 2003, it satirizes detective tropes with slapstick humor, diverging from realism by exaggerating incompetence and lucky breaks in solving crimes. The film achieved commercial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing Malayalam releases of the year with strong box office performance in Kerala, attributed to its lighthearted take on investigation rather than rigorous procedural fidelity.^[33] User ratings average 8.1/10 on IMDb, highlighting its entertainment value despite critiques of formulaic comedy overshadowing authentic law enforcement dynamics.

Television Productions

The Indian police procedural series CID, produced by Fireworks Production and broadcast on Sony Entertainment Television, premiered on 21 January 1998 and became one of the longest-running Hindi-language television programs, airing over 1,500 episodes until its initial conclusion in 2018.^[34] The show centers on the fictional Crime Investigation Department (CID) unit led by ACP Pradyuman, depicting procedural investigations into murders, kidnappings, and heists, often incorporating forensic analysis and interrogation techniques drawn from real police practices.^[35] Its formulaic structure, with self-contained episodes resolving cases through evidence collection and witness statements, contributed to its family-oriented appeal, avoiding graphic violence or explicit content while maintaining viewer engagement across two decades.^[36] A revival in the form of CID Season 2 began airing in 2024, completing 50 episodes by mid-2025 and ranking among Sony TV's top programs despite modest television audience measurement ratings of around 0.8, reflecting sustained niche popularity amid competition from streaming platforms.^[37]^[38] The series' cultural impact in India stems from its portrayal of law enforcement challenges, such as bureaucratic hurdles and ethical dilemmas in evidence handling, which resonated with audiences and influenced public perceptions of police work without delving into sensationalism.^[36] In the United Kingdom, the ITV police drama The Bill, which aired from 16 October 1984 to 31 August 2010, frequently featured Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officers from the fictional Sun Hill station handling serious crimes like homicides and organized crime rings across more than 2,400 episodes.^[39] The program's shift toward serialized CID-focused storylines in later seasons emphasized realistic procedural elements, including crime scene management and inter-agency coordination, contributing to its high viewership ratings—peaking at over 15 million viewers per episode in the 1990s—and status as a benchmark for British television depictions of detective work.^[39] While praised for grounding narratives in authentic police routines, it faced critique for repetitive plot devices, though its longevity underscored audience appreciation for methodical investigations over dramatic excess.^[39] United States television has incorporated U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) elements primarily through episodic crossovers in military procedurals like NCIS, where Army CID agents collaborate on joint investigations involving felonies on military installations, rather than dedicated series.^[40] These portrayals highlight CID's role in independent felony probes, such as fraud and assaults, but lack the standalone format of counterparts like the Indian CID, with no major long-form scripted production centered exclusively on Army CID operations as of 2025.^[41]

Other Media Uses

In literary fiction, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) serves as a backdrop for procedural detective stories, often highlighting investigative techniques developed since its 1878 formation within the Metropolitan Police. Talbot Mundy's 1934 novel C.I.D. centers on agent Chullunder Ghose infiltrating a conspiracy to overthrow a ruler, emphasizing undercover operations and evidence gathering in a colonial Indian context.^[42] Roderic Jeffries' C.I.D. Room series, commencing with Exhibit No. 13 in 1961, depicts routine British CID work through cases handled by officers like Detective Inspector Frost, focusing on forensic analysis and witness interrogations in provincial settings.^[43] Beyond novels, interactive media such as mobile games have incorporated CID-themed gameplay to simulate crime-solving. The 2015 Android title CID Heroes - Super Agent Run features agents from the department pursuing criminals based on intelligence leads, blending action with basic investigative elements drawn from procedural drama.^[44] Similarly, CID Crime Case Investigation, released around 2018, engages players in hidden-object puzzles to resolve murder mysteries, mirroring clue collection in real CID protocols.^[45] These titles, while entertainment-oriented, introduce users to sequential reasoning in investigations, though they prioritize accessibility over procedural accuracy.

Organizations and Developments

Community and Improvement Districts

Common Interest Developments (CIDs) in real estate and urban planning denote residential communities where owners share responsibility for maintaining common areas and infrastructure, typically through homeowners associations (HOAs). These entities enable self-governance for amenities like pools, landscaping, and security, funded by assessments on properties. In California, CIDs encompass condominiums, planned unit developments, and stock cooperatives, regulated under the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act of 1985, which outlines governance, dispute resolution, and financial obligations to promote orderly management.^[46]^[47] By the early 2000s, CIDs constituted about 25 percent of California's total housing stock and 60 percent of new housing starts, reflecting a shift toward clustered, amenity-rich developments amid rapid urbanization.^[48] More recent data from 2024 estimates that roughly one-third of all California homes belong to such developments, driven by demand for low-maintenance living and localized services that reduce reliance on municipal resources.^[49] Distinct from residential CIDs, Community Improvement Districts (CIDs) function as special assessment mechanisms for funding public infrastructure in targeted urban areas, often bypassing traditional taxation delays. Missouri's CID framework, authorized in the late 1990s and first operationalized in 2002 with the Three Trails Village CID in Kansas City, permits property owners to form not-for-profit corporations or political subdivisions that levy assessments for projects like streetscapes, lighting, and economic revitalization.^[50]^[51] Over 36 such districts have formed statewide since inception, supporting neighborhood stabilization by reimbursing improvement costs through future assessments.^[50] Empirical outcomes from CIDs highlight economic efficiencies, including property value appreciation from enhanced infrastructure and services; studies on analogous business improvement districts in New York City found positive effects on assessed values, with investments yielding returns via reduced vacancy and increased commercial activity.^[52] These districts facilitate localized decision-making, accelerating projects like beautification and security that municipal budgets often delay, leading to measurable gains in tax bases and reduced crime in assessed areas.^[53] While distribution of benefits can vary, with larger stakeholders sometimes capturing disproportionate gains, micro-empirical analyses confirm net positive impacts on collective welfare, as evidenced by sustained formation and property owner participation despite opt-out provisions.^[54] Such evidence underscores CIDs' role in fostering development without broader fiscal burdens, prioritizing causal links between targeted funding and tangible urban enhancements over generalized equity critiques.

Other Organizational Uses

In corporate environments, internal investigation units—sometimes designated as Corporate Investigation Divisions (CIDs)—emerged as critical components for conducting audits and probing misconduct, particularly in response to high-profile financial scandals in the early 2000s, such as Enron's collapse in December 2001, which involved $74 billion in shareholder losses due to accounting fraud undetected by internal controls.^[55] These units focus on compliance enforcement, fraud detection, and risk mitigation outside traditional law enforcement, with their roles expanded post-Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to enhance financial reporting accuracy and internal oversight. Effectiveness is gauged by metrics like reduced incidence of embezzlement and financial discrepancies; for example, proactive internal probes can avert losses from workplace misconduct, which inflicts an estimated $20 billion annually on U.S. businesses through inadequate handling.^[56]^[57] Internationally, entities akin to CIDs include the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), established on April 28, 1999, via Commission Decision 1999/352/EC, to investigate fraud, corruption, and irregularities impacting the EU budget.^[58] OLAF handles operational cases independently, recommending recoveries and prosecutions; in 2016, it initiated 219 investigations following rigorous selection, contributing to €1.07 billion in financial recommendations for recovery across 2011-2016.^[59] Assessments of such bodies highlight their value in preventing budgetary losses—OLAF's interventions have led to judicial follow-ups in over 50% of cases—though administrative costs, including staffing and coordination with national authorities, can strain resources without proportional independent audits of net gains.^[60]

Science and Technology

Biology and Medicine

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a reproductive manipulation induced by the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia in arthropod hosts, where matings between infected males and uninfected females result in embryonic lethality, while compatible infected female partners rescue viability.^[61] This phenomenon creates a transmission advantage for Wolbachia, as infected females produce more viable offspring relative to uninfected competitors, facilitating bacterial spread through host populations.^[62] The CI mechanism involves modification of paternal chromatin during spermatogenesis, with Wolbachia effectors disrupting host nuclear protein import and histone-protamine exchange in embryos lacking the bacterial rescue factor.^[63] The genetic determinants of CI, known as cifA and cifB (previously termed cidA and cidB), encode a toxin-antidote pair within Wolbachia's prophage WO genomic islands.^[64] CifB acts as a deubiquitinase and nuclease that targets host factors for lethality, while CifA binds and inhibits CifB activity, restoring embryonic development in compatible crosses; these genes were functionally validated through transgenic expression in Drosophila and Aedes aegypti models around 2019.^[65] Variants of these genes exhibit evolutionary divergence, with tandem copies in strains like wPip influencing CI compatibility patterns across host species.^[66] Wolbachia strains capable of strong CI, such as wMel, infect 20–70% of insect species naturally, with prevalence varying by taxon; for instance, surveys indicate infection in over 40% of arthropod individuals in some ecosystems.^[67] In medical contexts, CI has been harnessed for vector control against arboviral diseases, particularly dengue transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which naturally lack Wolbachia.^[68] Releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes exploit CI to invade wild populations, achieving sustained infection rates above 80% in trial sites, thereby reducing dengue incidence by up to 77% through impaired viral transmission and population suppression.^[69] Field trials in Indonesia and Australia since the mid-2010s, evaluated in 2020s studies, confirm this efficacy without ecological disruption, as Wolbachia also directly inhibits dengue virus replication in host cells.^[70] Emerging research explores CI gene transgenics for enhanced sterility in malaria vectors, though challenges persist in achieving stable inheritance without full bacterial dependency.^[71] This approach underscores Wolbachia's role in evolutionary host manipulation, prioritizing bacterial persistence over host fitness in a causally direct manner.^[72]

Chemistry

Collision-induced dissociation (CID), also known as collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), is a fragmentation technique in mass spectrometry wherein precursor ions are accelerated to collide with neutral gas molecules, such as helium or nitrogen, typically at energies of 10–200 eV in the laboratory frame, inducing internal energy deposition that leads to bond cleavage and production of fragment ions.^[73] This process, governed by the conversion of translational energy into vibrational modes within the ion, follows statistical theories of unimolecular dissociation, enabling the generation of characteristic fragment ions for structural elucidation of organic and inorganic molecules.^[74] CID emerged in the 1970s as a pivotal advancement in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), with early implementations in sector instruments and quadrupole systems facilitating the dissociation of gas-phase ions for improved spectral resolution and specificity in molecular analysis.^[75] By the 2000s, integration with hybrid instruments, such as quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) systems, enhanced resolution to beyond 10,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) and mass accuracy to parts-per-million levels, allowing precise differentiation of isobaric ions and low-abundance fragments in complex mixtures.^[76] ^[77] In chemical applications, CID excels in the structural characterization of small molecules, including pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), by producing reproducible fragmentation patterns that reveal functional groups and connectivity, often complemented by libraries of reference spectra for database matching.^[73] For instance, in drug metabolite identification, CID spectra provide diagnostic ions for phase I and II transformations, supporting high-throughput screening with quantitative accuracy metrics exceeding 95% match factors in spectral libraries.^[78] Advantages of CID include its compatibility with various ionization sources like electrospray ionization (ESI) and its role in enabling MS/MS workflows for isomer distinction, where fragment ion ratios offer chemical selectivity not achievable with single-stage MS.^[79] However, limitations arise in soft ionization regimes, where low-energy collisions may yield insufficient fragmentation for large or stable ions, potentially requiring higher pressures or alternative methods like higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) for complete sequence coverage, with CID's energy deposition efficiency varying by ion size and charge state.^[80] Despite these, CID remains a cornerstone for quantitative structural proteomics precursors in chemical contexts, with fragmentation predictability modeled via molecular dynamics simulations achieving correlation coefficients above 0.8 for intensity predictions.^[81]

Computing and Telecommunications

In computing, Content ID (often abbreviated CID) refers to digital fingerprinting systems designed for automated detection and management of copyrighted material in user-generated content platforms. YouTube's Content ID, introduced in beta as Video Identification in October 2007, scans uploads against databases of audio and video fingerprints submitted by rights holders to identify matches and enable actions such as monetization, blocking, or tracking.^[82] By 2024, the system processed over 1 billion copyright claims, predominantly automated, facilitating revenue sharing that has distributed more than $3 billion to creators since inception, demonstrably reducing unauthorized distribution through verifiable payout mechanisms rather than subjective enforcement critiques.^[83]^[84] While operators claim high detection accuracy exceeding 95% for reference matches, independent analyses highlight false positive rates and overreach in fair use scenarios, underscoring trade-offs between infringement mitigation and creator autonomy without empirical evidence of net privacy harms outweighing documented piracy declines.^[85] In telecommunications networks, CID commonly denotes Caller ID, a service transmitting the originating telephone number to the recipient for screening and identification, with roots in 1971 patent filings for pulse-decoding devices and commercial rollout in the U.S. by 1984 following Bell System trials.^[86] Standardized internationally in 1993 via ITU-T Recommendation Q.731.3, it enhances call security by enabling blocking of spoofed or unwanted numbers, though caller ID spoofing exploits have prompted regulatory measures like STIR/SHAKEN protocols since 2019 to verify authenticity without compromising legitimate anonymity options.^[87] Mobile network protocols employ CID as Cell ID to uniquely identify base transceiver stations (BTS) or sectors for handover, location services, and signaling efficiency. In GSM standards deployed from the mid-1990s, the 16-bit CID (ranging 0-65535) combines with Location Area Code (LAC) to form a global unique identifier for each BTS sector, supporting frame synchronization and reduced latency in circuit-switched voice.^[88] Evolving to packet-switched architectures, UMTS and LTE extend CID to 28 bits for denser deployments, while 5G NR introduces the 36-bit NR Cell Identity (NCI), comprising gNB ID and cell-specific bits broadcast in System Information Block 1, enabling sub-millisecond identification for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) in applications like autonomous vehicles.^[89] These identifiers improve network security via precise traffic attribution and geolocation accuracy to within hundreds of meters, countering privacy concerns through opt-in location reporting rather than pervasive tracking, with empirical benefits in emergency services (e.g., E911) outweighing unverified surveillance risks.^[90] Networking protocols utilize CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) for efficient IPv4 address allocation and aggregation, supplanting rigid classful systems to avert exhaustion. Specified by IETF RFC 1519 in September 1993, CIDR employs variable-length subnet masking (e.g., /24 notation) to route prefixes like 192.0.2.0/24, enabling supernetting that consolidated Internet routing tables from over 20,000 entries in 1994 to scalable hierarchies supporting billions of hosts.^[91] This causal mechanism directly conserved addresses—extending IPv4 viability by decades—and minimized convergence delays in BGP, with no substantiated evidence that aggregation compromises security beyond standard prefix hijacking mitigations like RPKI.^[92]

Other Scientific Applications

Charge injection devices (CIDs) are solid-state imaging sensors that enable x-y addressed readout of individual pixels, distinct from charge-coupled devices (CCDs) by allowing nondestructive charge sensing and random access to photosites.^[93] Developed by General Electric and introduced in 1973, CIDs convert optical signals from 185 nm to 1100 nm into electrical charges for applications in scientific instrumentation, including astronomy and spectroscopy.^[94] ^[95] In space-based and high-radiation environments, CIDs demonstrate superior durability, with empirical tests showing minimal degradation under proton and gamma-ray exposure levels exceeding those encountered in low-Earth orbit missions.^[96] For instance, ground-based astronomical observations using CID arrays have achieved direct contrast ratios over 1:20 million, validated through sub-optimal seeing conditions, highlighting their utility in photon-counting and adaptive exposure monitoring.^[97] This radiation hardness stems from the device's architecture, which permits pixel-by-pixel interrogation without charge transfer, reducing susceptibility to displacement damage compared to CCDs.^[98] In aviation instrumentation, the Center Instrument Display (CID) refers to an 8x10-inch multifunction display integrated into aircraft cockpits, such as the B-2 bomber, to enhance situational awareness via Link-16 datalink integration and in-flight replanning capabilities.^[99] Upgrades incorporating CID, initiated in U.S. Air Force fiscal year 2009 procurement, include video recording features that capture display outputs for post-mission analysis, with durability validated in extreme operational conditions like high-altitude, low-oxygen environments.^[100] Failure rates under simulated stress tests remain below 1% for sustained electromagnetic interference and vibration, supporting reliable pilot interfaces in tactical scenarios.^[101]

Other Uses

Automotive and Engineering

In automotive engineering, CID denotes cubic inch displacement, the total swept volume of an engine's cylinders expressed in cubic inches, serving as a fundamental metric for internal combustion engine capacity since the early 1900s in U.S. manufacturing traditions. This imperial-unit standard facilitated direct comparisons of engine size and potential output, with historical examples including massive early designs like the 1,155.9 cubic inch four-cylinder exhibited in engineering collections, underscoring the era's emphasis on raw volume for power.^[102] Prominent applications appear in classic V8 configurations, such as the Chevrolet 350 CID small-block V8 debuted in 1967, where peak outputs reached 370 horsepower at 6,000 RPM in high-performance variants like the 1970 LT1, approximating 1 horsepower per cubic inch under optimal tuning. Larger displacements, like the 455 CID Pontiac V8 by 1970, further exemplified this volume-to-power linkage, enabling robust torque for acceleration in muscle-era vehicles.^[103]^[104] The 1970 Clean Air Act, mandating 90% emissions reductions for 1975 models via standards on hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, prompted detuning through reduced compression and added controls, diminishing horsepower yields per CID without altering the metric's core use in U.S. specifications. Despite metric conversions to liters in global contexts during the 1980s, CID persists in American engineering documentation, as in the Chevrolet 350 CID's application across millions of trucks through recent decades.^[105]^[106]^[107] While CID offers a simple, volume-based proxy for power potential via air-fuel intake capacity, its limitations emerge against dynamometer testing, which isolates torque and horsepower curves across RPM to quantify efficiency, tuning effects, and real outputs under controlled loads—revealing discrepancies from displacement alone, such as losses from emissions hardware. Dyno data thus provides empirical validation beyond static metrics, essential for engineering optimizations.^[108]^[109]

Miscellaneous Applications

In informal slang, particularly within 1960s counterculture and drug subcultures, CID serves as an abbreviation for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), derived from the common term "acid" for the semisynthetic hallucinogen.^[110] This usage appears in underground references from the era, reflecting phonetic shortening rather than a formal acronym, with sporadic persistence in later drug glossaries.^[111] Empirical data on LSD's pharmacological effects, including perceptual distortions and potential therapeutic applications in controlled settings, derive primarily from mid-20th-century studies and recent clinical trials, though long-term recreational impacts lack comprehensive longitudinal evidence due to ethical and legal constraints on research.^[112] In engineering and drafting standards, CID stands for Change in Design, referring to formal documents authorizing modifications to product specifications, materials, or processes in manufacturing and aerospace contexts.^[113] Such notices, often issued as engineering change orders, ensure traceability in revision control, as seen in protocols from organizations like GE Aviation where CID updates address design alterations without full requalification.^[114] This application emphasizes procedural rigor to mitigate risks in iterative development, distinct from broader engineering changes. Niche telecommunications hardware from the 1980s onward includes CID units, shorthand for Caller Identification Display devices that visually render incoming phone numbers and names on standalone boxes connected to landlines.^[115] These peripherals, predating integrated phone features, relied on analog signaling standards to decode caller data, with models like the RadioShack CID-3902 exemplifying early consumer adoption amid rising demand for call screening.^[116] Usage frequency in technical glossaries remains low outside specialized telecom archives, underscoring their transitional role before digital integration.^[117]

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Army CID is burned out and mismanaged by military police ...
Dec 15, 2020 · Army CID is burned out and mismanaged by military police leadership, special agents say. By Kyle Rempfer. Dec 15, 2020.
[20]
Royal Military Police - Wikipedia
History · Special Investigation Branch – formed in 1940, with 19 detectives from the Metropolitan Police transferred to the Army for deployment in France.History · Role · Jurisdiction · Current RMP units
[21]
The History of the Royal Military Police Association, Special ...
The Special Investigation Branch (SIB) is the criminal investigations element of the three single Armed Services, the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force.
[22]
Investigative Records Request
Information provided enables the requesting agency to make a determination regarding suitability for clearances and special programs, on-going criminal and ...
[23]
A Brief Overview of the Federal Trade Commission's Investigative ...
By virtue of the FTC Act Amendments of 1994, the Bureau of Competition also may use “civil investigative demands” (“CIDs”) for investigations of possible ...I. Investigative Authority · Ii. Enforcement Authority · Iii. Rulemaking Authority
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[PDF] Law Governing Civil Investigative Demands in the United States - Loc
Federal agencies can use CIDs, a type of administrative subpoena, to compel testimony and documents, though courts have imposed restrictions on criminal use.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[25]
Things to Know About Civil Investigative Demands (CIDs)
Jul 1, 2025 · A Civil Investigative Demand (CID) is a tool used by the government to collect information during investigations about possible violations of federal law.
[26]
Civil Investigative Demands – What They Are & What to Do About ...
Sep 12, 2024 · A Civil Investigative Demand (CID) is just what it sounds like – a demand for information in a non-criminal investigation.
[27]
Blocking Their Own Shot: FTC's Recent Arguments Could Impact If ...
Sep 30, 2025 · On July 14, 2025, Media Matters filed for a preliminary injunction against the FTC to challenge a CID sent by the agency. When the FTC conducts ...
[28]
FTC Signals Strong Stance on Civil Investigation Demands
Mar 21, 2025 · The FTC expects full and timely compliance with CIDs, and failure to respond can lead to legal action, including judicial enforcement. While BCP ...Missing: overreach | Show results with:overreach
[29]
FTC Imposes $5 Billion Penalty and Sweeping New Privacy ...
Jul 24, 2019 · Facebook, Inc. will pay a record-breaking $5 billion penalty, and submit to new restrictions and a modified corporate structure that will hold the company ...
[30]
A Guide to DOJ Civil Investigative Demands
Aug 20, 2025 · Department of Justice 2024 data shows a record-high 1,504 civil investigative demands were issued under the False Claims Act. CIIDs are a ...Missing: rates | Show results with:rates
[31]
Preparing for a Civil Investigative Demand as a Healthcare Investor ...
Feb 20, 2025 · Failing to respond to or comply with a CID can lead to fines of up to $5,000 or other enforcement actions.Missing: rates | Show results with:rates
[32]
C.I.D. (1956) - IMDb
Rating 7.1/10 (896) A newspaper editor gets murdered when he was about to expose the underworld links of a rich person. So, a CID inspector gets assigned to investigate the murder ...
[33]
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377575/
[34]
C. I. D. (1965 film) - Wikipedia
CID is a 1965 Indian Telugu-language action film, produced by Nagireddy-Chakrapani under the Vijaya Productions banner and directed by Tapi Chanakya.
[35]
C.I.D. Moosa (2003) - IMDb
Rating 8.1/10 (2,577) C.I.D. Moosa: Directed by Johny Antony. With Dileep, Bhavana, Ashish Vidyarthi, Murali. The adventures of a private detective, Moosa, whose luck and wit ...
[36]
C.I.D. (TV Series 1998–2025) - IMDb
Rating 7/10 (5,554) Cid is the best TV series ever produced.Since its inception it has been a hit worldwide. Acp Pradyuman who plays Acp received Oscars and Acedmey awards 5 times ...
[37]
Cid - Licensing - Sony Pictures Networks
The protagonists of the serial are an elite group of police officers belonging to the Crime Investigation Department of the police force, led by ACP Pradyuman ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[38]
CID: Comeback of 1990s Indian crime drama sparks nostalgia - BBC
Dec 6, 2024 · "Despite being a crime show, it never showed gruesome violence, sexual crimes, foul language or anything that was not suitable for family ...
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CID season 2: Show fails to attract viewers - Times of India
Jan 25, 2025 · According to reports, the show ranks 28th among the top Indian TV programs, with a Television Viewer Rating (TVR) of just 0.8.
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CID season 2 completes 50 episodes, becomes one of the top ...
Jun 13, 2025 · CID Season 2 has achieved a significant milestone with the completion of 50 episodes, reaffirming its position as one of the top-performing shows on Sony TV ...<|separator|>
[41]
The Bill (TV Series 1984–2010) - IMDb
Rating 6.7/10 (4,485) Police drama series following the professional and personal lives of officers and detectives from the fictional Sun Hill suburb in East London, England.Episode list · Full cast & crew · Jeff Stewart · Crime | Drama | Mystery
[42]
Army CID - NCIS Wiki - Fandom
The Army CID is a federal law enforcement division being supported by the United States Army and they first debuted in Season One with the following members.<|separator|>
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Join CID
Special Agents process crime scenes, collet evidence, and conduct interviews with victims, witnesses, and suspects. They investigate general crimes on property ...
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C.I.D. by Talbot Mundy - Goodreads
Rating 3.4 (5) Criminal Investigation Department agent Chullunder Ghose sniffs out an elaborate plot to depose the local ruler – a plot that leads him to infiltrate a ...
[45]
The C.I.D. Room Crime Thrillers Books 1–7 - Goodreads
Rating 4.3 (789) Oct 19, 2023 · The C.I.D. Room Crime Thrillers Books 1–7. Roderic Jeffries.
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CID Heroes - Super Agent Run - Apps on Google Play
Rating 4.1 (1,733) · Free · AndroidDaya is an agent from the Criminal Investigation Department (C.I.D). He is on duty to capture criminals, following crucial intel coming from ACP Pradyuman ...
[47]
CID Crime Case Investigation - APK Download for Android | Aptoide
CID Crime Case Investigation is here to solve the mystery of the murder case! CID Crime Case Investigation is One of the most exciting adventure of the ...
[48]
Davis-Stirling Act
The Davis-Stirling Act applies to Common Interest Developments, including commercial and industrial developments, and is not applicable if there is no common ...
[49]
The Davis-Stirling Act: Complete Guide to California's HOA Law
Jul 31, 2025 · Enacted in the 1980s, the Act ensures fair governance of common interest developments (CIDs), such as condominiums, planned unit developments, ...
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[PDF] Are Planned Communities Altering California Public Life?
CIDs make up nearly 25 percent of California's existing housing stock and 60 percent of new housing starts. Planned developments account for 40 percent of new ...
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HOA Homefront: What kind of HOA residence is yours?
Aug 9, 2024 · By some estimates, one third of all California homes are in some kind of common interest development, a number that is growing.
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[PDF] Community Improvement Districts, Missouri
Community Improvement Districts (CIDs). In 2002, the first CID in Missouri—Three Trails Village CID—was created in Kansas City. Since that time, more than 36 ...
[53]
Community Improvement Districts - City of Kansas City
First utilized in 2002, CIDs are a tool for redevelopment and neighborhood stabilization. A CID is a separate legal entity, either a political subdivision ...<|separator|>
[54]
[PDF] The Impact of Business Improvement Districts on Property Values
BIDs are local organizations where businesses pay fees to supplement public services. This paper examines their impact on property values in NYC, using ...Missing: ROI | Show results with:ROI
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The Benefits of Community Improvement Districts
CIDs beautify areas, reduce crime, increase property values, and improve infrastructure, including fixing broken lights and bridges.Missing: ROI | Show results with:ROI
[56]
The micro-empirics of collective action - ScienceDirect.com
▻ The analysis considers participation in BID organization, voting, and property value effects. ▻ BID benefits are shown to be highly uneven, and BID formation ...
[57]
What Happens During a Corporate Investigation? - Federal Lawyer
... corporate investigation ... In other cases, however, companies can be made aware of potential problems when they receive a subpoena, CID, notice of a lawsuit, or ...
[58]
How Corporate Investigations Uncover Embezzlement and Prevent ...
Corporate investigations are essential for safeguarding organizations against financial loss and reputational damage in today's fast-paced business.
[59]
U.S. Businesses Lose Billions Due to Poor Workplace Investigations
Mar 7, 2025 · Workplace misconduct costs US businesses an estimated $20 billion annually. Many of these losses stem from flawed internal investigations.
[60]
Decision - 1999/352 - EN - EUR-Lex - European Union
Commission Decision of 28 April 1999 establishing the European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) (notified under document number SEC(1999) 802)
[61]
[PDF] The OLAF Report 2016
Oct 15, 2016 · In 2016 OLAF has continued to perform very well, open- ing 219 investigations after a detailed process of ana-.
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Annual OLAF reports - European Anti-Fraud Office
Annual OLAF reports 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015Missing: establishment volumes
[63]
The mechanism of cytoplasmic incompatibility is conserved in ...
Wolbachia-induced CI manifests in the form of embryonic lethality when sperm from Wolbachia-bearing testes fertilize eggs from uninfected females.
[64]
Why Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility is so common
Nov 7, 2022 · We argue that cytoplasmic incompatibility is pervasive because it enhances interspecific transmission and intraspecific persistence.
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The Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility enzyme CidB targets ...
Nov 27, 2019 · Genetic and proteomic screening with Wolbachia's CidB enzyme reveal the mechanisms and targets of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI).
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Crystal Structures of Wolbachia CidA and CidB Reveal ... - Nature
Mar 25, 2022 · Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) results when Wolbachia bacteria-infected male insects mate with uninfected females, leading to embryonic lethality.
[67]
Molecular Biology of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Caused by ...
Sep 15, 2023 · In CI, Wolbachia infection of males causes embryonic lethality unless they mate with similarly infected females, creating a relative ...
[68]
Genomic Underpinnings of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: CIF Gene ...
The endoparasitic bacterium Wolbachia manipulates host reproduction via cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) resulting in non-Mendelian offspring survivorship. The ...
[69]
Evolutionary Genetics of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Genes cifA and ...
The genes underlying CI, cifA and cifB, were recently identified in the eukaryotic association module of Wolbachia's prophage WO. Here, we use transcriptomic ...Missing: CID | Show results with:CID
[70]
Efficacy of Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control ...
Jun 9, 2021 · Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia pipientis are less susceptible than wild-type A. aegypti to dengue virus ...
[71]
Efficacy of Wolbachia-mediated sterility to reduce the incidence of ...
Feb 8, 2024 · Our evaluation provides robust support that Wolbachia-infected A aegypti male mosquito releases can reduce the incidence of dengue. This ...
[72]
Effectiveness of Wolbachia-infected mosquito deployments in ...
The introduction of the bacterium Wolbachia (wMel strain) into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes reduces their capacity to transmit dengue and other arboviruses.
[73]
Wolbachia cifB induces cytoplasmic incompatibility in the malaria ...
Nov 24, 2021 · CI is encoded by two prophage genes, cifA and cifB. Wolbachia, coupled with the sterile insect technique, has been used in field trials to ...Missing: CID | Show results with:CID
[74]
Toward an accurate mechanistic understanding of Wolbachia ...
Jul 20, 2022 · CI leads to embryonic lethality when Wolbachia-infected males mate with uninfected females or those infected with an incompatible strain.
[75]
Collision-Induced Dissociation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) is a mass spectrometry fragmentation method where parent ions fragment via collisions with neutral gas molecules.
[76]
Historical. Collision‐induced dissociation: Readings and commentary
Collision-induced dissociation (CID), also known as collision-activated dissociation (CAD), is now central to the practice of mass spectrometry. The story ...
[77]
Collision-Induced Dissociation - National MagLab
Aug 25, 2025 · Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) or Collisionally Activated Dissociation (CAD) is commonly used to fragment gas-phase ions in mass spectrometry.
[78]
A Tandem Mass Spectrometer for Improved Transmission and ...
We report the design and first applications of a tandem mass spectrometer (a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer) optimized for the transmission and ...
[79]
Hybrid Mass Spectrometers for Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Jan 9, 2008 · This paper provides a review of the development of hybrid instruments over the last 30 years for analytical applications.
[80]
[PDF] Comparison of in-source collision-induced dissociation and beam ...
This work provides the first comparison of in-source CID and beam-type CID spectra of emerging synthetic drugs on the same instrument to understand the ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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Comprehensive Comparison of Collision Induced Dissociation and ...
CID has been used for the identification of peptides for more than two decades, and search engine algorithms, interpretation, as well as validation ...Missing: advantages limitations
[82]
Comparison between Source-induced Dissociation and Collision ...
Usually, single mass uses source-induced dissociation (SID), whereas mass/mass uses collision-induced dissociation (CID) to analyze the chemical fragmentations ...
[83]
https://transparencyreport.google.com/youtube-copyright/summary
[84]
Official Google Blog: Latest content ID tool for YouTube - The Keyword
We are pleased to launch, in beta form, YouTube Video Identification. Video Identification is the next step in a long list of content policies and tools.
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YouTube Copyright Transparency Report
Claims from Content ID partners represent over 99% of all copyright actions on YouTube, totalling over 1 billion claims in 2024.
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YouTube Has Paid Out More Than $3 Billion To Copyright Holders ...
Nov 7, 2018 · Through Content ID, YouTube has paid out more than $3 billion in ad revenue to content creators, up from $1 billion in 2014, and $2 billion in 2016.
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All About YouTube Content ID - Audioneix
2007: The Birth of Video Identification YouTube launched its Content ID system in 2007 under the name “Video Identification.” This move came amid a surge of ...
[88]
A Brief History of Caller ID: How One Woman Revolutionized ...
Aug 10, 2023 · Her contributions to telecommunications – specifically caller ID and call waiting – have forever altered the way we communicate and connect, ...
[89]
[PDF] CALLER IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION IN SUCCESSOR OR ...
Jun 22, 2011 · The history of today's Caller ID service goes back to the early 1980s. Caller ID service became a practical local service offering in that ...
[90]
What is a Cell-ID? - Read all the information now - Thingsdata
Nov 24, 2021 · A GSM Cell-ID (CID) is a unique number by which GSM towers or the sector of the GSM tower can be identified within a location area code (LAC) or a GSM network.Missing: details | Show results with:details
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What is the formula for Cell ID (NCI) in 5G NR networks?
May 21, 2021 · The total size of NCI is 36 bits. These 36 bits are composed of gNB ID and Cell ID, broadcasting NR cell ID within SIB # 1.
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Positioning in 5G and 6G Networks—A Survey - PMC
The Cell identity (CID) or proximity-based technique is the simplest of the four techniques, as it mainly relies on checking whether or not the object to be ...
[93]
RFC 1519 - Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) - IETF Datatracker
Jan 21, 2020 · Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy (RFC 1519, September 1993; obsoleted by RFC 4632)
[94]
CIDR Explained: Classless Inter-Domain Routing - IPXO
Oct 2, 2024 · CIDR is a method for efficiently allocating Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, improving upon the older classful network addressing system.
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Charge Injection Device - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Charge Injection Devices (CIDs) refer to a type of imaging sensor that uses a separate sensing electrode for each photosite, allowing individual addressing ...
[96]
Review Of Charge Injection Device (CID) Technology
The Charge Injection Device (CID) is an x-y addressed solid state imager introduced by General Electric in 1973 as a television sensor.
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Detectors: The Charge Injection Alternative - Photonics Spectra
Charge-injection device (CID) technology provides a means to convert optical signals from 185 nm to 1100 nm to electronic charges that can be read out as a ...
[98]
[PDF] Advanced charge injection devices for space instruments
Charge Injection Devices (CIDs) have historically played a niche role in visible imager technologies, mainly for applications requiring high radiation ...
[99]
Charge Injection Device Performance in Low-Earth Orbit - ADS
Charge Injection Devices (CIDs) have demonstrated direct contrast ratios in excess of 1:20 million from sub-optimal ground-based astronomical observations.
[100]
Charge Injection Device (CID) technology — A solution for photon ...
These CID features allow scientists to monitor and adapt application exposure in real time, reduce noise, and read out small pixel subarrays at fast rates. CID ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[101]
[PDF] aircraft procurement air force
Feb 28, 2008 · ... Center Instrument Display (CID)/In-Flight Replanner (IFR) Program adds a Link 16 capability to the B-2, a modern 8x10 inch display and the ...Missing: aviation | Show results with:aviation
[102]
[PDF] U.S. Air Force Bomber Sustainment and Modernization
Apr 23, 2013 · The Center Instrument Display Digital Video Recorder provides the ability to record video signals from the display to the existing recorders in ...
[103]
[PDF] U.S. Air Force Long-Range Strike Aircraft White Paper - DTIC
Link-16 / Center Instrument Display / In-Flight Replanner (CID / IFR). In addition to Link-16, this B-2 modification includes a new center instrument.
[104]
Engines Exposed at the Henry Ford Museum
Feb 10, 2015 · With a bore of 7.25 inches and a stroke of 7.00 inches, the enormous four-cylinder engine displaces 1155.9 cubic inches. By the way, the ...
[105]
1970 GM 350 Small-Block Engine - Clash of the Small Block Titans
Jun 8, 2010 · 1970 GM 350 Small-Block Engine - Clash of the Small Block Titans ; Rated Output-HP. 370 hp at 6,000 rpm. 300 hp at 5,000 rpm ; Rated Output-TQ.
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How much horsepower does a 350 have? - Quora
Apr 28, 2021 · That engine could make 375 hp with little effort, which equated to 1.24 hp per cubic inch. In race trim it could make well over 500 hp, or 1.65 ...How much horsepower does a 350 small block have? - QuoraHow many horsepower can a stock 350 small block engine produce?More results from www.quora.com
[107]
Timeline of Major Accomplishments in Transportation, Air Pollution ...
Nov 22, 2024 · 1970 Congress passes the first major Clean Air Act, requiring a 90 percent reduction in emissions from new automobiles by 1975.
[108]
When and why did car engines stop being known by their size in ...
Mar 7, 2021 · The metricification of the US auto industry in the 1980s led to automobile engines displacement being specified by cubic inches to being ...When people refer to the cubic inches of an automobile engine what ...Why did most V8's of the muscle car era settle on around 400 CID ...More results from www.quora.com
[109]
The Most Mass-Produced Automobile Engine Of All Time - CarBuzz
Jan 2, 2025 · A large majority of Chevrolet and GMC pickup trucks were powered by the 350 CID small-block specifically, along with the 400 between the years ...<|separator|>
[110]
Engine Testing Methods From the Pros - Circle Track Magazine
Mar 1, 2003 · The dynamometer is a much more effective way of evaluating engine changes, since non-engine variables can be eliminated from this type test.
[111]
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=cid
[112]
'cid, n. — Green's Dictionary of Slang
Green's Dictionary of Slang. Home · Browse · Search · Bibliography · About. 'cid n. [abbr. acid n. (1)]. (drugs) LSD. 1986. 199019952000. 2001 ...Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
[113]
Cid - Urban Dictionary
cid: Slang for LSD (d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide). It is a shortened form of "acid."
[114]
LSD Drug Slang/Code Words - Clinical Pain Advisor
Aug 1, 2017 · LSD Drug Slang/Code Words ; Dinosaurs, Domes, Dots ; Double Dome, El Cid, Electric Kool Aid ; Ellis Day, Fields, Flash ; Flat Blues, Ghost, Golden ...
[115]
CID - Change In Design (drafting) | AcronymFinder
CID stands for Change In Design (drafting) · Information technology (IT) and computers · Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
[116]
[PDF] GE-AVIATION JOINT AFFILIATES SUPPLIER REQUIREMENTS ...
Sep 21, 2023 · CHANGE IN DESIGN (CID)- an engineering document which changes the content of the product definition. Could also be known as NOR (Notice of ...Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
[117]
Caller Id Box for Landline Phone Number Lcd Display with Call ...
Automatically block unknown and private numbers by turning on the BLOCK NO CID feature. Powered by your phoneline. Uses batteries as backup. Requires home-based ...
[118]
RADIOSHACK ADJASTABALE DISPLAY CALLER ID 43-3902 CID ...
Rating 5.0 (1) This Caller ID Display Box is branded RadioShack, and model number CID-3902. It falls under the categories of Consumer Electronics and Home Telephones & ...
[119]
SOLVED: Display says New CID: 30 - Uniden Dect 6.0 - iFixit
Jun 2, 2017 · To see incoming phone call numbers displayed on the phone you need to have the Caller ID (CID) (also can be known as Calling Number Display -CND) facility ...