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Chen

Chen (Chinese: 陳; pinyin: Chén) is a widespread surname of ancient Chinese origin, ranking as the fifth most common family name in mainland China and the most prevalent in Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and among southern Chinese populations globally.^[1]^[2] The name derives from the ancient state of Chen (located in present-day Henan province), established around 1046 BCE by Hu Gongman, a descendant of the legendary Emperor Shun, as a fief granted by King Wu of Zhou following the overthrow of the Shang dynasty.^[3]^[4] In classical Chinese, the character 陳 carries connotations of "to exhibit," "to arrange," or "ancient/old," reflecting its historical and etymological depth.^[5]^[2] The surname has proliferated through diaspora communities, particularly from Guangdong and Fujian provinces, leading to variant romanizations such as Chan (Cantonese), Tan (Hokkien), and Trần (Vietnamese), with over 70 million bearers worldwide today.^[6]^[7]

Surname

Etymology and variants

The surname Chen (Chinese: 陳 traditional, 陈 simplified) primarily derives from the ancient character 陳, which conveys meanings such as "to exhibit," "to state," "to arrange," or "old/ancient" in classical Chinese lexicons.^[5] This etymological root traces to the nomenclature of a historical region, reflecting connotations of display or antiquity rather than topographic features.^[3] Pronunciation varies significantly across Chinese dialects, influencing its phonetic rendering. In Standard Mandarin (using Pinyin romanization), it is pronounced /tʂʰə̌n/ as "Chén," with a rising tone.^[7] Cantonese speakers render it as "Chan" (/tɕʰän⁴/), while Hokkien and Teochew dialects use "Tân" or "Tan" (/tân/), and Hakka as "Chîn" (/tɕʰiŋ/).^[3] Hainanese variants include "Dan" or "Chen."^[3] Romanization systems have further diversified its Western transcriptions. The modern Pinyin system standardizes it as "Chen," adopted widely since the 1950s for Mandarin transliteration.^[8] In contrast, the earlier Wade-Giles system (prevalent in 19th- and 20th-century English-language scholarship) transcribes it as "Ch'en," distinguishing aspiration with an apostrophe, as seen in historical texts up to the mid-20th century.^[9] In overseas Chinese diaspora communities, particularly from southern provinces like Guangdong and Fujian, adaptations reflect local dialects and host-language phonetics. Hokkien-influenced migrants in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand and Singapore, often adopt "Tan" as a localized form.^[3] Cantonese emigrants may retain "Chan," while some Hakka descendants use "Chin," leading to variant surnames in immigration records and anglicized names.^[3] These shifts prioritize phonetic approximation over strict fidelity to Mandarin standards.

Historical origins

The surname Chen (陳) traces its origins to the ancient state of Chen, established during the Western Zhou dynasty when King Wu enfeoffed Hu Gongman (also known as Gui Man or Yu Man), a descendant in the 21st generation from the legendary Emperor Shun, with the territory of Chen in present-day eastern Henan province around 1046 BCE.^[10] This enfeoffment granted Hu Gongman the title of Duke Hu of Chen, marking the founding of the Chen ruling house, whose members initially bore the surname Gui before adopting Chen as a hereditary lineage name following the state's annexation by the state of Chu in 479 BCE.^[1] Genealogical records maintained by Chen clans attribute the surname's establishment to this transition, where descendants of the ducal line preserved their identity through the territorial name amid the dissolution of the state's sovereignty.^[7] The prestige of the Chen surname expanded significantly during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, particularly through the establishment of the Chen Dynasty (557–589 CE) by Chen Baxian, which ruled southern China and integrated Chen lineage members into the imperial elite.^[1] This dynastic association elevated the surname's status among southern Chinese aristocracy, facilitating its adoption beyond the original Chen state descendants as regional power structures favored lineages with historical ties to the ruling house. Clan genealogies, such as those tracing from the Yingchuan branch, document how this period spurred the surname's dissemination southward, intertwining with local elites in the Yangtze River basin.^[7] Empirical clan records reveal migration patterns spanning over 400 years, with Chen families relocating from northern and central China to Fujian and Guangdong provinces during periods of instability, such as the Jin dynasty invasions and later Mongol expansions, establishing foundational settlements that later fueled overseas diaspora.^[3] For instance, figures like Chen Fengtai, whose seven sons propagated branches across Guangdong in the Song dynasty era, exemplify documented genealogical expansions preserved in zupu (clan pedigrees), which trace uninterrupted lineages from ancient Chen nobility to these southern enclaves without reliance on unsubstantiated mythic embellishments.^[11] These migrations underscore the surname's resilience through verifiable ancestral migrations rather than diffusion via unconfirmed folklore.^[3]

Geographic distribution and demographics

The surname Chen ranks as the fifth most common in mainland China, borne by an estimated 71.5 million individuals, or approximately 5% of the population, based on aggregated demographic data.^[2] This places it behind Wang, Li, Zhang, and Liu in national frequency, with concentrations particularly high in southern provinces such as Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, where it often exceeds 10% of local populations due to historical clan settlements and migration patterns within China.^[1]^[12] In Taiwan, Chen is the most prevalent surname, comprising about 11.1% of the population or roughly 2.6 million people as of mid-2010s household registration data.^[13] In Singapore, the surname—frequently romanized as Tan among Hokkien-speaking communities—accounts for approximately 9.5% of the Chinese population, making it the leading Chinese surname there according to national surname distributions.^[14] Chen bearers form a prominent diaspora, driven by 19th- and early 20th-century labor migrations from southern Chinese coastal provinces to Southeast Asia, resulting in large communities in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, where the surname often ranks among the top five among ethnic Chinese.^[3] In North America, the U.S. Census recorded 169,580 Chen surnames in 2010, with 95.5% identifying as Asian or Pacific Islander, reflecting ongoing immigration from China and Taiwan.^[15]^[16] Smaller but growing presences exist in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom and France, tied to post-1949 and economic migrations. Genetic analyses of Chen surname holders show 89.5% Chinese ancestry origins, predominantly linked to southern Han populations in Fujian and Guangdong.^[17] Relative to northern-dominant surnames like Li, Chen's distribution underscores a southern bias, with higher densities in coastal export hubs versus inland northern regions, as evidenced by provincial registry comparisons showing no systematic deviations in recent censuses attributable to policy-driven name alterations.^[2]

Notable individuals

Steve Chen (born August 25, 1978), a Taiwanese-American entrepreneur, co-founded YouTube in 2005 alongside Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim, enabling user-generated video uploads that transformed online media consumption; the platform was acquired by Google for $1.65 billion in stock in November 2006.^[18]^[19] Chen-Ning Yang (born October 22, 1922), a Chinese-American theoretical physicist, shared the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics with Tsung-Dao Lee for their discovery that parity is not conserved in weak interactions, challenging established assumptions in particle physics and influencing subsequent experimental validations. In politics and military, Chen Cheng (1897–1965), a prominent general in the Kuomintang (KMT) army, commanded forces during the Northern Expedition (1926–1928), the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), and the Chinese Civil War (1945–1949), including campaigns against Communist forces; he later served as Governor of Taiwan (1949–1950), Premier of the Republic of China (1950, 1952–1954), and Vice President (1954–1965), overseeing land reforms and infrastructure development amid martial law implementation.^[20]^[21] In sports, Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999), an American figure skater, secured the gold medal in the men's singles at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics by landing five quadruple jumps in his free skate—the first in Olympic history to achieve this in competition—along with three prior World Championships (2018, 2019, 2021) and five U.S. national titles.^[22] In music, Chen (born Kim Jong-dae on September 21, 1992), lead vocalist of the South Korean boy group EXO under SM Entertainment, debuted in 2012 and contributed to the group's sales exceeding 10 million albums worldwide by 2020, including hits like "Growl" (2013) that topped charts in South Korea and expanded K-pop's international reach; he has also released solo albums such as April, and a Flower (2019), featuring self-composed tracks.^[23]^[24]

Historical entities

Ancient state of Chen

The State of Chen was enfeoffed during the Western Zhou dynasty around 1045 BCE, when King Wu granted the territory to Gui Man (posthumously Duke Hu of Chen), a descendant of the pre-dynastic figure Shun through his son Hu Gong Man.^[25] This enfeoffment served to legitimize Zhou rule by restoring lands to ancient lineages displaced under Shang, positioning Chen as a minor vassal in the feudal hierarchy.^[10] The capital was located at Wanqiu in the southern Yellow River plain, corresponding to modern Huaiyang County in Henan province, an area conducive to agriculture but vulnerable to floods and interstate incursions.^[10] Rulers succeeded through patrilineal descent, with reigns spanning from Duke Hu to later figures like Duke Ling (613–599 BCE), whose excesses prompted his assassination by retainer Xia Zhengshu, and Duke Cheng (598–569 BCE).^[10] Internal conflicts, including succession disputes after Duke Huan's death in 707 BCE leading to Duke Li's brief and turbulent rule (706–700 BCE), eroded administrative stability and military capacity.^[10] These dynastic upheavals, documented in texts like the Zuo Zhuan, reflected causal weaknesses in kin-based governance amid growing lateral pressures from neighboring polities.^[10] In the Spring and Autumn period, Chen navigated alliances pragmatically, seeking protection from Qi and Jin during exiles and later invoking Chu aid against Wu incursions around 489 BCE, as tributary records indicate.^[10] Such diplomacy underscored Chen's peripheral role in hegemonial balances but failed to offset domestic frailties, with no evidence of significant military innovations or expansions.^[10] By the late 5th century BCE, expansionist Chu exploited this vulnerability, conquering Chen in 479 BCE under King Hui, who executed the ruling duke and incorporated the territory.^[10] Surviving elites adopted the Chen surname, dispersing to adjacent states and perpetuating clan identities without restoring sovereignty.^[25] Archaeological corroboration includes Western Zhou bronzes unearthed near Dragon Lake in Huaiyang County, attesting to early elite material culture and ritual practices consistent with textual accounts of enfeoffment-era settlement.^[25] These artifacts, devoid of inscriptional ties to specific rulers, nonetheless affirm Chen's integration into Zhou ritual networks, though site-scale excavations remain limited compared to major states like Lu or Qi.^[25]

Chen Dynasty

The Chen Dynasty (557–589 CE) emerged as the successor to the fragmented Liang Dynasty amid the chaos following Hou Jing's rebellion (548–552 CE), which had devastated southern China. Chen Baxian (503–559 CE), a military commander of humble origins who rose through Liang service, consolidated power by defeating rival warlords and forcing Emperor Jing of Liang to abdicate in November 557 CE, establishing the dynasty with Jiankang (modern Nanjing) as capital. Baxian, posthumously titled Emperor Wu, focused on stabilizing administration by appointing relatives and former Liang officials, though his rule emphasized military consolidation over institutional reform.^[26]^[27] Succession instability marked the dynasty from its outset: after Emperor Wu's death in 559 CE, his nephew Chen Qian (503–566 CE) took the throne as Emperor Wen, deposing Wu's young son Chen Bosong after a brief regency. Under Wen, Chen forces achieved temporary northern gains, including the recapture of the Huai River valley in campaigns led by generals like Wu Mingche (504–580 CE), who in 562–563 CE seized territories from the weakening Northern Qi. However, these advances proved ephemeral; subsequent rulers, including Emperor Fei (Chen Xu, r. 566–568 CE) and Emperor Xuan (Chen Pao, r. 569–582 CE), grappled with internal coups—Fei was overthrown by his uncle Xuan—and military setbacks against the resurgent Northern Zhou. In 573 CE, Wu Mingche's offensive collapsed after initial successes, resulting in the loss of Huainan; by 577 CE, Zhou armies under Wei Xiaokuan seized additional western territories, exposing Chen's logistical vulnerabilities and overreliance on regional commanders.^[26] Governance under the Chen reflected the aristocratic fragmentation inherited from prior southern regimes, with emperors delegating authority to clan networks and eunuchs, fostering factionalism rather than centralized control. Cultural patronage persisted, particularly in Buddhism—Emperor Xuan, a devout adherent, supported temple constructions and clerical privileges—yet this coexisted with fiscal strain from endless campaigns and palace extravagance. The final emperor, Chen Shubao (r. 582–589 CE), prioritized literary pursuits and concubine influences over defense, as evidenced by his neglect of frontier fortifications. In 588–589 CE, Sui forces under Yang Guang (later Emperor Yang) exploited seasonal floods and divided Chen command, capturing Jiankang in 589 CE with minimal opposition; Shubao surrendered, ending the dynasty after 33 years and facilitating Sui unification of China. Historical accounts, such as the Book of Chen, attribute the fall to moral decay and administrative inertia, though structural weaknesses like divided loyalties among southern elites provided the causal foundation.^[26]^[28]^[29]

Organizations and businesses

Notable companies and enterprises

YouTube, co-founded by Taiwanese-American entrepreneur Steve Chen alongside Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim on February 14, 2005, pioneered user-generated video sharing and rapidly scaled to 34 million monthly visitors by late 2006, fundamentally altering digital media consumption before its acquisition by Google for $1.65 billion in stock that November.^[30]^[31] Shanda Interactive Entertainment, established by Chen Tianqiao in December 1999 with an initial $300,000 investment to localize the Korean game Legend of Mir II, grew into China's dominant online gaming firm, achieving NASDAQ listing in 2004 and peaking at over 200 million registered users by facilitating free-to-play models with in-game purchases that generated billions in revenue before Chen took it private in 2012.^[32]^[33] Tencent Holdings, co-founded by Chen Yidan in November 1998 as an instant messaging service, expanded under his administrative leadership into a conglomerate encompassing social media (WeChat), gaming, and fintech, attaining a market capitalization surpassing $500 billion by 2021 and serving over 1 billion monthly active users globally.^[34]^[35] Chen Hsong Holdings, founded by industrialist Chiang Chen in 1958 as a machinery producer in Hong Kong, became the world's largest manufacturer of plastic injection molding machines by the 2010s, supplying sectors like automotive and consumer electronics with annual revenues exceeding HK$2 billion and exports to over 100 countries before listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1991.^[36]^[37]

Cultural and educational institutions

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, located in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, was constructed between 1888 and 1894 during the late Qing Dynasty through collective funding from Chen families across 72 counties in the province.^[38] Originally designed to provide lodging and study facilities for Chen clan scholars traveling to the provincial capital to prepare for the imperial civil service examinations, it embodied Confucian principles of familial duty, ancestral veneration, and scholarly pursuit.^[39] The complex includes multiple halls, pavilions, and gardens, with intricate岭南 (Lingnan) architectural style featuring wood carvings, brick sculptures, and ceramics that reflect clan prosperity and cultural heritage. Genealogical archives preserved there serve as empirical records of Chen lineage migrations from northern China to southern provinces, tracing patrilineal descent and historical relocations during periods of turmoil.^[40] Since 1959, the hall has operated as the Guangdong Museum of Folk Arts, displaying over 20,000 artifacts of traditional Cantonese crafts, including embroidery, pottery, and opera costumes, while retaining its role in clan rituals and education.^[41] Annual visitor numbers exceed 2 million, underscoring its function in cultural transmission beyond the clan.^[42] This institution highlights how Chen clan networks historically pooled resources for educational advancement, enabling clan members to compete in the merit-based imperial exam system, though access was inherently restricted to those with verified lineage ties, contrasting with fully open meritocratic alternatives.^[43] Chen clan associations in overseas Chinese communities, such as those in Taiwan and Singapore, maintain similar non-profit roles in cultural preservation and limited educational support, often organizing heritage classes and ancestor veneration events grounded in Confucian genealogy. For instance, the Chiayi Chen Clan Association in Taiwan has hosted large-scale ancestral ceremonies attended by thousands, reinforcing lineage identity through historical narratives.^[44] These bodies prioritize descendants in community aid, which empirical analyses of Chinese kinship systems describe as fostering relational nepotism—favoring blood ties over universal merit—potentially hindering broader social mobility compared to impartial state scholarships, where selection relies on standardized test scores without familial prerequisites.^[45] No large-scale beneficiary outcome data specific to Chen clan scholarships exists publicly, but general patterns in clan-based aid show higher retention within ethnic networks than in merit-only programs.^[46]

Other uses

Biology and natural sciences

In ornithological taxonomy, the genus Chen was established within the family Anatidae to accommodate white-plumaged geese, including the snow goose (Chen caerulescens) and Ross's goose (Chen rossii), differentiated from gray geese in Anser primarily by features such as shorter necks, rounded heads, and serrated bills.^[47] These classifications relied on 19th- and 20th-century morphological assessments, with Chen caerulescens tracing to Linnaeus's 1758 description under Anas caerulescens, later reassigned.^[48] Molecular phylogenetic analyses from the early 2000s onward, culminating in a 2016 phylogenomic study of true geese (tribe Anserini), revealed that Chen species form a clade nested within Anser, rendering Anser paraphyletic if Chen were retained as separate.^[49]^[50] This evidence, derived from exon-based phylogenomics accounting for incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, prioritized monophyletic groupings over outdated morphological criteria.^[49] In response, the American Ornithological Society's North American Classification Committee, in its 58th supplement to the Check-list of North American Birds (published July 2017), merged Chen into Anser, reassigning species as Anser caerulescens (snow goose), Anser rossii (Ross's goose), and incorporating the emperor goose (Anser canagicus, formerly Chen canagica) into the revised sequence.^[51] This empirical shift, adopted by subsequent authorities like BirdLife International, has faced no notable disputes, underscoring taxonomy's evolution toward genetic substantiation.^[52]

Computing and mathematics

Chen's notation, introduced by Peter Pin-Shan Chen in his 1976 paper "The Entity-Relationship Model—Toward a Unified View of Data," provides a graphical representation for conceptual database modeling.^[53] In this notation, entities are depicted as rectangles, relationships as diamonds connecting entities, and attributes as ovals attached to entities or relationships.^[53] The model emphasizes semantic elements of data, such as entity types, relationship types, and attribute types, enabling designers to capture real-world structures before physical implementation in relational databases like SQL.^[53] This notation has been widely adopted in database design tools and education, serving as a foundation for entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) that inform schema creation.^[54] For instance, it facilitates visualizing one-to-many or many-to-many associations, which translate to primary keys and foreign keys in normalized tables.^[55] Its influence extends to the Unified Modeling Language (UML), where class diagrams incorporate similar entity-attribute-relationship constructs for object-oriented design.^[53] However, Chen's notation has limitations in expressing complex hierarchies or precise cardinalities without extensions, often requiring supplementation with notations like Crow's foot for implementation details.^[56] In mathematics, Chen's theorem, proved by Jingrun Chen in 1973 (with preliminary results announced in 1966), states that every sufficiently large even integer can be expressed as the sum of a prime number and a semiprime (a product of at most two primes).^[57] This result advances the binary Goldbach conjecture by confirming the "1+2" case for large even numbers, relying on sieve methods and estimates of prime distributions.^[57] The theorem's proof involved bounding the number of primes in short intervals and has informed subsequent work on prime gaps, though it falls short of fully resolving Goldbach's conjecture due to the allowance for semiprimes rather than primes exclusively.^[58]

Popular culture and fiction

In the animated series LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu, Master Chen serves as the primary antagonist in the 2015 season Tournament of Elements, portrayed as the exiled former master of the Elemental Masters who leads a secretive cult worshiping the Anacondrai serpent tribe.^[59] Publicly known as the owner of the Mr. Chen's Noodle House restaurant chain in Ninjago City, his scheme involves hosting a fraudulent tournament to lure the ninja heroes, absorb their elemental powers via a spell, and summon an Anacondrai army from the Cursed Realm to conquer Ninjago.^[59] Voiced by Ian James Corlett, the character appears in subsequent media including books like Ninja vs. Master Chen (2017), emphasizing his deceptive and power-hungry traits.^[60]^[61] Chen Stormstout is a playable monk hero and non-player character in Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft franchise, debuting in the Mists of Pandaria expansion released on September 25, 2012.^[62] Depicted as a legendary pandaren brewmaster from the Wandering Isle, he travels Azeroth in search of rare brewing ingredients, employing martial arts and keg-throwing abilities in combat.^[62] The character features prominently in quests within the Valley of the Four Winds zone and as a companion in the Heroes of the Storm multiplayer game (2015 onward), where his lore highlights themes of adventure and craftsmanship without ties to real-world historical figures.^[63] Minor fictional uses of the name "Chen" appear in other media, such as a henchman character in the 1984 film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, who assists the antagonist Mola Ram in ritualistic scenes but lacks significant narrative depth.^[64] Such references often serve as generic placeholders in Western fiction, without the cultural prominence of the Ninjago or Warcraft examples, as evidenced by limited documentation in film databases.^[65]

References

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Chen Family History – Traceable | My China Roots
Jun 22, 2020 · Chen is the most common surname in southern China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. If you can imagine a world where everyone has the same ...
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Chen Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
The Chen surname means 'exhibit', 'display', or 'plead'. Its origins are from the Chen Dynasty, which was the fourth and last of the Southern Dynasties in China ...
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Chen 陈 / 陳 Last Name Origins, Meaning, and Surname Distribution
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Chen Name Meaning and Chen Family History at FamilySearch
Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 陳, meaning 'to explain' and 'old' in ancient Chinese: (i) from Chen (陳), the name of a state (located ...<|separator|>
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What's the difference between Wade-Giles and Pinyin?
A - There are a number of ways to distinguish Wade-Giles (WG) romanization from pinyin (PY). ... Chen, Jin'an, is a personal name in PY. Wang, Yen-keng, is a ...
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Pinyin to Wade-Giles Conversion Table. Pinyin Wade- Pinyin Wade- Pinyin ... hsien zhen chen niang niang qiu ch'iu shuo shuo xiang hsiang zheng cheng.
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The dynastic founder, Duke Hu of Chen 陳胡公, also called Man, Duke of Chen 陳公滿, is said to have been a descendant of the mythical emperor Shun 舜. His ...Missing: enfeoffment 1046
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The top 10 Chinese surnames in Singapore are: 陈， Tan 9.5% of Total Chinese population; 林，Lim 6.6%; 李，Lee 4.5%; 黄， Ng 4.2%; 王， Ong 2.7%; 王， Wong 2.6% ...Missing: prevalence | Show results with:prevalence
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The Chen surname appeared 169,580 times in the 2010 census and if you were to sample 100,000 people in the United States, approximately 57 people would have the ...
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The race and Hispanic origin distribution of the people with the name CHEN is 1.7% White, 0.5% Hispanic origin, 0.4% Black, 95.5% Asian or Pacific Islander.National Statistics · Race And Ethnicity · Race & Hispanic Origin...Missing: diaspora Southeast
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89.5% Chinese origin. 96.12% Asian/Pacific Islander in US. Mandarin form of the surname 陳, meaning 'to explain' and 'old' in ancient Chinese: (i) from ...<|separator|>
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Steve Chen is an internet entrepreneur and one of the co-founders and former chief technology officer of YouTube. He first arrived in Silicon Valley in 1999 ...
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In 1931, a general, he led Nationalist forces in suppressing Communist forces; he was one of the leaders credited with defeating the Communist Army and forcing ...Missing: KMT | Show results with:KMT
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Nathan Chen (16) May 5, 1999 - CAREER ACCOMPLISHMENTS Olympic champion (2022) Olympic Team Event gold medalist (2022) Olympic Team Event bronze medalist ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
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Jan 12, 2017 · CHEN (첸) is a South Korean soloist under INB100 and a member of the South Korean boy group EXO under SM Entertainment.
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Stage Name: Chen (첸) ; Real Name: Kim Jongdae (김종대) ; Nickname: Orange ; Birthdate: September 21, 1992 (1992-09-21) (age 32) ; Birthplace: Siheung, Gyeongi-do, ...
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The Chen Dynasty (557-589), also known as the Southern Chen Dynasty, was the last of the Southern dynasties, destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. It was initially ...Missing: population | Show results with:population
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Steve Chen quit college to work for PayPal and then Facebook before founding YouTube. YouTube was bought by Google in 2009 for $1.65 billion.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
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History of YouTube - How it All Began & Its Rise - VdoCipher Blog
Jun 15, 2025 · On February 14, 2005, Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim founded YouTube as an online video-sharing platform.
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Tianqiao Chen is the founder of the Shanda Group which, since 1999, has had three subsidiaries listed on NASDAQ and one on KOSDAQ.
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Jan 10, 2024 · Tianqiao Chen was a billionaire by 30. Chen quit his job at a securities firm to cofound online gaming company Shanda Interactive ...
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Chen Yidan has revolutionized the internet as co-founder of China's most valuable company, Tencent. He has also had a big impact on education and public ...
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The ancestral hall was designed for the accommodation of their juniors in Guangzhou for preparing the Chinese imperial examinations. Of course, those who paid ...
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Ancestral Temple of the Chen Family is also called Chen Clan Academy or Chen's Lineage Hall which was a place both for offering up sacrifices to ancestors and ...
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Feb 5, 2013 · The Chen clan association of southern Taiwan organized an ancestor worshiping event and banquet two years ago, which was attended by nearly ...
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Mar 23, 2011 · In China during the Ch'ing period, as before, many Confucian values were so family-centered as to tolerate degrees of nepotism not acceptable in some other ...
[46]
Societal Inequality, Corruption and Relation-Based Inequality ... - NIH
Oct 5, 2021 · Research has tended to focus on specific relationships such as nepotism in family-owned businesses (e.g. Spranger et al., 2012), but our ...
[47]
Systematics - Snow Goose - Anser caerulescens - Birds of the World
Mar 15, 2024 · The two color morphs were formerly treated as separate species, with Linnaeus naming the dark morph caerulescens in 1758 and Pallas naming ...
[48]
ITIS - Report: Anser caerulescens caerulescens
Kingdom: Animalia ; Taxonomic Rank: Subspecies ; Synonym(s):, Chen caerulescens caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Anas caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758 ; Common Name(s):.
[49]
A phylogenomic perspective on the evolutionary history of True Geese
The study identified two major lineages, Anser and Branta, with White-cheeked Geese sister to Red-breasted Goose. Speciation in Anser was influenced by rapid ...Missing: et Chen
[50]
Anser caerulescens | NatureServe Explorer
Formerly placed in the genus Chen, but phylogenomic data indicate that Anser is paraphyletic if Chen is treated as a separate genus (Ottenburghs et al. 2016) ( ...
[51]
Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's ...
Jul 5, 2017 · Change the sequence of species in the genus Anser (including those formerly in Chen) to: Anser canagicus. Anser caerulescens. Anser rossii.
[52]
Snow Goose Anser Caerulescens Species Factsheet
Taxonomic notes Anser caerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chen.
[53]
The entity-relationship model—toward a unified view of data
A data model, called the entity-relationship model, is proposed. This model incorporates some of the important semantic information about the real world.
[54]
Create a diagram with Chen's database notation - Microsoft Support
Chen's database notation is useful for modeling the basics of entities and relationships, because it presents an abstract view of the associations.
[55]
Chen Notation | Vertabelo Database Modeler
Aug 2, 2014 · Chen notation, developed by Peter Chen, is a detailed way to represent entities (rectangles) and relationships (diamonds) in ER diagrams.
[56]
Crow's Foot vs. Chen notation: detailed comparison - Gleek.io
Aug 19, 2021 · An entity-relationship (ER) diagram, ERD, or entity-relationship model, is commonly used in the early stages of designing a database.
[57]
[PDF] An upper bound in Goldbach's conjecture - Dartmouth Mathematics
In 1966, Chen Jing-run [1] showed that every sufficiently large even integer n may be written as the sum of a prime and a number that has at most two prime ...
[58]
Chen's Theorem | Let's prove Goldbach!
Chen's Theorem is one of the closest theorems most similar to Goldbach's Conjecture known so far. It is the work of the Chinese mathematician Chen Jingrun, who ...
[59]
Master Chen - LEGO Ninjago - Character Spot - YouTube
Feb 5, 2015 · Famous across Ninjago as the owner and proprietor of the Noodle House chain of restaurants, Master Chen is secretly the leader of an ...
[60]
Master Chen - Lego Ninjago - Behind The Voice Actors
Ian James Corlett is the voice of Master Chen in Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu. TV Show: Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu Franchise: LEGO Ninjago
[61]
Ninja vs. Master Chen (LEGO Ninjago: Master of Spinjitzu)
Out of stockMaster Chen and his gang of cronies have a sneaky plot to trick the ninja. Read all about their evil plan!<|separator|>
[62]
Chen Hero Week - Blizzard News
Sep 10, 2014 · Chen Stormstout is a wanderer, adventurer and keg-emptier -- and this world-class brewmaster has left an indelible mark on Azeroth's history in the Warcraft ...
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https://wowhead.com/mop-classic/npc=56133/chen-stormstout
[64]
Chen - Fandom - Fictional Characters Wiki
Chen is a minor antagonist in the 1984 action adventure film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, the second installment of the Indiana Jones franchise.Missing: named | Show results with:named
[65]
Films with a character named "Chen" - Theiapolis
In 1993, Karen Lee Sheperd played the character of Chen in: Cyborg 2, a science fiction movie directed by Michael Schroeder, and written by Michael Schroeder, ...