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Chery QQ

The QQ is a series of subcompact city cars manufactured by the Chinese automaker Automobile, initially introduced in 2003 as an affordable petrol-powered targeted at young urban drivers. Over its two decades, the QQ line has evolved from a controversial entry-level model to a range of electric vehicles (EVs), including recent 2025 launches like the boxy QQ and the larger QQ3 subcompact , emphasizing compact design, low pricing, and modern features for city commuting. The original Chery QQ, codenamed S11, debuted in 2003 as a three-door with a 1.1-liter producing around 67 horsepower, priced under 50,000 CNY (approximately $6,000 USD at the time), which helped it achieve peak monthly sales exceeding 10,000 units by and cumulative sales surpassing 1 million by 2011. However, the model faced significant international scrutiny shortly after launch when accused of copying the design of its Daewoo Matiz (known as the in some markets), leading to a in over that highlighted early tensions in 's . The dispute was settled out of court in late , allowing to continue production without admitting fault, though the controversy cemented the QQ's reputation as a symbol of 's aggressive push into affordable car manufacturing. In 2006, expanded the QQ branding into a dedicated sub-line, the original as the QQ3 and introducing variants like the four-door QQ6 , while subsequent generations shifted toward improved safety, efficiency, and export markets in regions such as , the , and . By 2014, amid intensifying domestic competition from models like the Panda, the petrol QQ was discontinued, but revived the nameplate in the EV era with the 2014 QQ3 , an all-electric version featuring a 10 kWh and up to 120 km range. The modern QQ series, launched under Chery's New Energy division, focuses on battery-electric platforms to meet China's push for green mobility, with 2025 models showcasing advanced tech and varied body styles for urban lifestyles. The QQ Ice Cream, for instance, is a petite two-seater EV measuring 3,008 mm long with a 1,960 mm wheelbase, powered by a rear-mounted motor and 17.4 kWh LFP battery offering 205 km NEDC range, priced from 36,900 CNY (about $5,200 USD), and including features like a color LCD dashboard, reverse camera, and lifetime warranty on the battery and drivetrain. Complementing it, the QQ3—unveiled at the 2025 Chengdu Auto Show—adopts the T12 platform as a four-door hatchback over 4,200 mm long with a 2,700 mm wheelbase, a 90 kW (121 hp) electric motor, a 15.6-inch Snapdragon 8155 infotainment screen supporting AI voice and OTA updates, and Level 2+ ADAS including Navigate on Autopilot, positioning it against rivals like the Wuling Mini EV in the sub-$10,000 segment. Other recent additions, such as the four-seater QQ Little Ant and the slightly larger Duomi (3,720 mm long, up to 405 km range starting at 59,900 CNY), further diversify the lineup with foldable seats, IP68-rated batteries, and app-based remote controls, reflecting Chery's strategy to capture the booming mini-EV market.

Overview

Model history

The Chery QQ was launched in 2003 as a 5-door city car, targeting budget-conscious urban drivers in with an initial price of approximately 30,000 (under $4,000). This affordable positioning contributed to its rapid popularity, making it one of Chery's top-selling models throughout the and a key player in the burgeoning Chinese automotive market. In 2006, the model was renamed the QQ3 to distinguish it from the newly introduced QQ6 , allowing Chery to expand the QQ lineup while maintaining the original hatchback's focus on compact urban mobility. Overall, the QQ series had exceeded 1 million units in cumulative production by 2011, with exports beginning from the first generation to markets in , , and . The second generation debuted in 2013 as a refreshed 5-door , retaining the city car ethos with subtle design and feature updates to align with evolving consumer preferences. However, as market demand shifted toward larger vehicles and electric options, production of this generation ended in 2014, marking the discontinuation of the traditional QQ lineup. Electric variants, such as the , emerged as extensions of the QQ family during this period, sustaining the nameplate's presence into the primarily in . Chery announced the third generation in 2025, positioning it as a subcompact on the T12 electric platform with an emphasis on intelligent driving features like the Falcon 500 assistance system, aiming to revive the series for modern urban needs.

Design inspiration

The QQ's design drew significant inspiration from the Matiz, later rebranded as the in various markets, particularly in its first generation launched in 2003. This influence manifested in strikingly similar body shapes, proportions, and interior layouts, with the QQ featuring a compact, rounded optimized for urban environments. , which owned the Matiz design, highlighted these parallels, noting "remarkably similar body structure, exterior design, interior design and major components," which sparked legal disputes over . Chery's overarching goal with the QQ was to develop an affordable city car tailored for emerging markets, prioritizing compact dimensions under 3.6 meters in length, fuel-efficient , and straightforward to facilitate easy and in densely populated areas. This approach positioned the QQ as a practical for budget-conscious consumers, emphasizing accessibility and maneuverability in congested city streets over luxury or high performance. Over successive generations, the QQ's design philosophy evolved from the basic functionality of its debut model to more contemporary in later iterations. The first generation focused on utilitarian simplicity, while incorporated input from firm Torino Design for refined exterior and interior elements. Subsequent updates, including the third generation introduced in 2025, integrated modern styling such as LED lighting and aerodynamic enhancements for improved efficiency and visual appeal, reflecting Chery's maturation in blending playfulness with practicality. As Chery's entry-level offering, the QQ served to challenge domestic competitors in the mini car segment, including the and Wuling Mini, by delivering comparable affordability and urban utility at competitive price points. This positioning helped establish the QQ as a staple for first-time buyers and fleet operators in and beyond.

First generation (2003–2013)

Production and assembly

The first-generation QQ, codenamed S11, entered production in May 2003 at Automobile's main manufacturing facility in , Province, . This plant, 's headquarters and primary production hub, handled the bulk of domestic output for the model, which was initially launched as a three-door before expanding to a five-door variant in 2006. Assembly emphasized cost-effective manufacturing to achieve a retail price under 50,000 CNY, with processes focused on the compact petrol powertrains and basic components. The model saw high-volume , contributing to cumulative sales over 1 million units by 2011, and was exported to markets including , the , and . Chery established overseas operations early, including China's first foreign car plant in in 2003 for local , as well as facilities in , , and (via ). Annual output at peaked in the mid-2000s to meet domestic demand exceeding 10,000 units monthly.

Specifications and features

The first-generation Chery QQ was a subcompact three- or five-door city car with , designed for affordable urban use and seating four passengers. It measured 3,550 mm in length, 1,508 mm in width, and 1,491 mm in height, with a of 2,350 mm providing a compact footprint and curb weight of approximately 850–900 kg. Cargo capacity was around 200 liters with seats up. Power came from two petrol engine options: a 0.8-liter inline-three (SQR372) producing 38 kW (51 ) at 6,000 rpm and 70 N⋅m (52 lb⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm, or a 1.1-liter inline-four (SQR371) delivering 50 kW (67 ) at 6,000 rpm and 90 N⋅m (66 lb⋅ft) at 3,500–4,000 rpm. Both were paired with a five-speed , achieving 0–100 km/h in about 15–17 seconds and a top speed of 140–150 km/h. Fuel economy was estimated at 6.0–7.0 L/100 km (combined) under typical conditions. The front suspension used MacPherson struts, while the rear employed a torsion for simple handling in city traffic. Features were basic for the entry-level segment, including manual windows and locks, optional , , and a CD audio system in higher trims. Safety equipment comprised driver and front-passenger airbags, with anti-lock brakes () and available on later models from 2007. The QQ received poor crash test ratings, including zero stars in some tests, reflecting its lightweight construction and minimal structural reinforcements.

Second generation (2013–2022)

Production and assembly

The second-generation Chery QQ3 was produced from 2013 to 2022, primarily at Chery's manufacturing facility in , Province, . Additional assembly occurred in Jacareí, , , and in Bam, , , from 2015 to 2018. The model was launched at the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show and built on a modified platform derived from the first generation, incorporating shared components with models like the and Chery A1. On September 1, 2013, the 1,000,000th Chery QQ (including first and second generations, QQ6 sedan, and QQme) was produced.

Specifications and features

The second-generation Chery QQ3 is a five-door supermini designed for urban use. It measures 3,564 mm in length, 1,620 mm in width, 1,527 mm in height, with a of 2,340 mm and a curb weight of 936–945 . The vehicle accommodates five passengers and features 14-inch wheels. The consists of a 1.0-liter SQR371F inline-three producing 68 kW (92 ) at 5,500 rpm and 92 N⋅m (68 lb⋅ft) of at 5,500 rpm, paired with a five-speed manual or . Performance includes a top speed of 140 km/h (87 ). economy is approximately 6.3 L/100 km (37 mpg-US) combined. The was flex-fuel capable in some markets. Interior features include customizable upholstery and improved space utilization compared to the first generation. Safety equipment varies by market and trim; the basic configuration received 0 stars in the 2015 Latin NCAP crash test due to the absence of airbags and . Higher trims offered front airbags and in some regions.

Third generation (2025–present)

Production and assembly

The third-generation Chery QQ, reviving the iconic for the modern micro-EV market, is scheduled to commence production in late 2025 at Chery's primary manufacturing facility in , Province, , with market launch expected by the end of the year. This model will be built on the company's T12 platform, specifically engineered for battery-electric vehicles to support efficient integration of components. The facility in serves as Chery's headquarters and core production hub, handling the majority of its domestic vehicle output. Assembly processes will emphasize high levels of , with a focus on seamless integration and systems to optimize production efficiency and meet the model's targeted price point below US$10,000. Although no international assembly lines are confirmed for this generation at present, the incorporates modular elements for potential to Chery's export-oriented facilities in regions including and , aligning with the company's global manufacturing footprint.

Specifications and features

The third-generation Chery QQ3 is a five-door with a rear-mounted and rear-wheel-drive layout, designed as a subcompact city car emphasizing agile urban mobility. It measures over 4,200 mm in length, approximately 1,700 mm in width, and around 1,600 mm in height, with a exceeding 2,700 mm that enhances interior space compared to prior QQ models. The curb weight is approximately 1,100 kg. Built on Chery's T12 platform, it accommodates five passengers and offers a capacity of about 250 liters. The powertrain features a single rear-mounted producing 90 kW (121 ), paired with a single-speed for seamless . Torque and detailed performance figures, such as 0–100 km/h and top speed, have not been officially disclosed as of November 2025. capacity, , , and charging capabilities have also not been officially revealed as of November 2025. Key features include the Falcon 500 intelligent driving assistance system, providing Level 2 ADAS capabilities such as high-speed navigation on autopilot (NOA), , and lane-keeping assist, complemented by a standard safety suite with multiple airbags, , and . The interior boasts a 15.6-inch 2.5K floating central powered by a 8155 chip, supporting an voice assistant, over-the-air () updates, Apple , Huawei HiCar, and CarLink connectivity. Additional amenities comprise 256-color , a 50W wireless charging pad, and a slim digital instrument cluster. Suspension is configured with independent front MacPherson struts and a multi-link rear setup, optimizing handling and ride comfort for environments. This combination positions the QQ3 as a modern, tech-forward tailored for compact efficiency and assistance in daily .

Electric variants

Chery eQ

The eQ was launched on November 5, 2014, as China's first mass-produced based on the QQ , marking an early effort by the automaker to enter the burgeoning new energy vehicle sector. It was produced at 's primary assembly facility in , Province, until 2022, when it was succeeded by updated models in the eQ lineup, including the eQ1 around 2017 with capacities up to 38 kWh and ranges exceeding 300 km NEDC. The eQ utilized the body structure of the second-generation QQ, adapting the car's design for electric propulsion to target short-distance . Key specifications included a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor equivalent to a 1.0-liter engine, delivering 41 kW (55 hp) of power and 150 N⋅m of torque, paired with lithium-ion battery packs of 23.6 kWh to 30.6 kWh in capacity, depending on the variant. This configuration provided an estimated range of 200 km under the NEDC cycle, with a top speed limited to 100 km/h to optimize efficiency for city driving. Charging took 8–10 hours for a full charge using a standard 220V household outlet, reflecting the basic infrastructure of early Chinese EVs. Production focused on Wuhu, where Chery assembled the vehicles to leverage government subsidies for new energy models, aiming at urban fleets, ride-sharing services, and individual buyers eligible for incentives. Initial sales reached 542 units in 2014, with cumulative figures totaling 2,671 units by mid-2015, primarily driven by subsidy programs that reduced the effective price to around US$7,000 after incentives. The model's affordability positioned it as an entry-level option in China's EV market, though total production volumes remained modest compared to later competitors. The featured foundational technology, including to recapture energy during deceleration and improve overall efficiency, alongside basic amenities like and a simple system. It lacked advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) such as or lane-keeping assist, prioritizing cost over sophistication in line with its urban microcar role. Safety equipment was minimal, with standard airbags and , but no advanced in early variants. As an early pioneer in China's push, the helped demonstrate the viability of affordable, compact EVs for densely populated cities, benefiting from policies promoting green transport amid rising concerns. However, its adoption was constrained by the limited 200 km range, which proved insufficient for longer trips, and the underdeveloped in the mid-2010s, restricting it mainly to subsidized fleet use rather than widespread consumer appeal.

QQ3 EV and others

The Chery QQ3 EV, introduced as an early electric variant of the first-generation QQ, began deliveries in , province, , in March 2010 as part of China's initial push into electric vehicles (PEVs). Produced at Chery's primary facility in , this model served as a low-cost primarily targeted at governmental and corporate fleets amid national efforts to promote new energy vehicles. It featured a minimalist design with basic components, including DC fast charging capability but lacking advanced autonomy or driver-assistance features, making it suitable for short-range city commuting. Energy consumption was approximately 10 kWh per 100 km, emphasizing efficiency for its compact size. The QQ3 EV was equipped with a lead-acid offering a range of about 100 on a full charge, paired with an delivering around 12 kW (16 ) and 72 of , achieving a top speed of 60 /h. Early relied on this technology, which limited eligibility for purchase subsidies that favored lithium-ion systems, resulting in sales heavily influenced by local procurement policies rather than retail demand. By the mid-2010s, Chery transitioned toward lithium-ion in updated iterations, with a 10 kWh pack enabling a slightly extended range of 120 while maintaining the front-wheel-drive setup and 1,050 curb weight. emphasized affordability, positioning the QQ3 EV as one of China's earliest mass-produced for fleet applications. Sales of the QQ3 EV reflected its niche role in the burgeoning Chinese market, totaling over 20,000 units from 2010 through the first quarter of 2015, with annual figures peaking at 7,866 units in 2012 and remaining a market leader in 2013 with several thousand units before declining due to from more advanced models and shifts. These vehicles were predominantly acquired for and corporate use under regional EV demonstration programs, contributing to early infrastructure trials in cities like . Beyond the core QQ3 EV, Chery explored limited electric prototypes during the 2010s, focusing on battery technology upgrades from lead-acid to lithium-ion, though no additional mass-produced variants emerged from these efforts.

International markets

Export versions

The first-generation Chery QQ was exported to several markets under adapted names, often with minor modifications such as right-hand drive configurations to suit local driving standards. In , it was marketed as the Chery IQ by Chery Motors Chile, entering the market around 2005 and remaining available until approximately 2010, targeting urban commuters with its compact design and affordability. In , the model was locally assembled and sold as the MVM 110 by starting in 2007, with production continuing until 2017 to meet demand for budget-friendly city cars. In , early exports arrived as the Chery QQ in 2005, later rebranded and assembled as the United Alpha by from 2021 onward, with ongoing production as of 2025 to cater to the local preference for economical hatchbacks. The QQ was exported to starting in the mid-2000s, marketed as the Chery QQ, with local assembly and adaptations for the market. The second-generation Chery QQ saw more targeted adaptations for specific export regions. In , a limited run was offered as the DR Zero by starting around 2013, featuring slight styling tweaks and compliance with emissions standards. In , the first-generation QQ was introduced in 2011, while the related QQ6 was sold as the Chery from 2013 to around 2020, equipped with a flex-fuel 1.0-liter capable of running on , , or mixtures thereof to align with the country's infrastructure. In , the updated version was marketed as the MVM 110S by Modiran Vehicle Manufacturing, with focusing on enhanced interior features for local consumers until production ceased in 2022. For the third generation launched in 2025, has initiated exports under the QQ badge to and , incorporating adaptations like compatible EV charging standards for electric variants to meet regional needs. In , the QQ Domi electric was officially released in June 2025 through local distribution networks, emphasizing affordability and modern connectivity features. Overall, has facilitated these exports through strategic joint ventures and local assembly partnerships.

Sales performance

The Chery QQ experienced strong sales in during its early years, peaking at 168,554 units in 2009 following its introduction in 2003. Annual figures exceeded 100,000 units from 2005 to 2011, driven by its positioning as an affordable city car in the A00 segment. By the mid-2010s, sales began to decline amid shifting consumer preferences toward larger vehicles, dropping to 23,053 units in 2015 and further to 1,256 units in 2020. In the , the QQ line shifted toward electric variants, with the model largely phased out until its revival in 2025 as a third-generation offering, including the QQ micro-EV. The QQ recorded 2,667 units sold in September 2025, reflecting initial uptake in the competitive A00 market. Overall, the QQ contributed to 's presence in China's budget car segment during the and early , though its has diminished with the brand's emphasis on models under and Jaecoo lines. Internationally, the QQ found success in select emerging markets through export and local assembly. In , produced by MVM as variants like the 110S, it achieved annual sales of around 11,000 units in 2015, with monthly volumes often exceeding 1,000 in the mid-2010s. In Pakistan, marketed as the United Alpha since , it targets budget buyers but specific volume data remains limited. Brazil saw the QQ introduced in 2011 at approximately 22,900 Brazilian reals (about US$13,000 at the time), positioning it as one of the market's cheapest options, though cumulative figures for the model are not publicly detailed. Key factors influencing the QQ's commercial performance include its low pricing, with electric models like the QQ starting at around $5,200, making it accessible for urban commuters. Government subsidies for new energy vehicles in have further bolstered electric QQ sales, amid broader incentives for eco-friendly autos that supported Chery's NEV growth to nearly 500,000 units in 2025. The 2025 third-generation launch emphasizes affordable positioning to revive demand in the city car category.

Safety and criticism

Crash test results

The first-generation Chery QQ, tested in its basic configuration without airbags or , received 0 stars for adult occupant protection in the 2015 Latin NCAP frontal offset deformable barrier test conducted on the Brazilian-market iQ variant. The vehicle's structure was rated unstable, with poor head and chest protection for the driver due to high intrusion into the occupant compartment, and marginal chest protection for the passenger. In the 2017 Global NCAP test under the Safer Cars for Africa initiative, the first-generation QQ3 model (assembled for markets including and ) again earned 0 stars for adult protection and 0 stars for , lacking airbags and , with the frontal offset test showing unstable structure, excessive footwell intrusion, and high chest compression risks for the driver. Electric variants such as the and QQ3 , sharing the underlying of their counterparts, have not undergone dedicated NCAP tests. For the third-generation Chery QQ introduced in 2025, crash test results from C-NCAP or remain pending as of November 2025. The model includes standard six airbags, , and Level 2+ ADAS features such as Navigate on to potentially improve upon prior issues like frontal intrusion. In April 2025, conducted live frontal and rollover crash tests at its R&D Center to demonstrate enhanced structural integrity.

Design controversies

In 2003, accused Automobile of copying the design of its Daewoo Matiz (marketed as the in some regions) for the , claiming similarities in body structure, exterior, interior, and components. The dispute escalated into a lawsuit filed by GM Daewoo in late 2004 in a , seeking damages and an against QQ production and sales. The case was settled out of court in November 2005, with terms kept confidential, though it resolved all claims without admission of wrongdoing by . Early Chery QQ models faced widespread criticism for substandard build quality, including noisy operation, unrefined handling, cheap materials that emitted strong odors, and issues with fit and finish. Reports highlighted problems such as rust susceptibility and electrical glitches, contributing to a perception of the QQ as unreliable in demanding conditions. These shortcomings reinforced the vehicle's "" image in international media, where it was often derided as a low-cost lacking or durability. The design controversies damaged Chery's reputation abroad, leading to hesitancy among Western importers and limited ; for instance, early export attempts to , including plans for the QQ as the "Chery Sweet," stalled amid the and quality concerns. In markets like , poor sales and distributor withdrawals by 2017 were attributed to the brand's association with cheap knockoffs. Domestically in , however, the QQ gained acceptance for its affordability, outselling rivals despite the backlash. Following the , ramped up R&D investments starting around 2007, focusing on in-house and original designs to move beyond its knockoff stigma; by 2008, it developed proprietary engines licensed to . Post-2010 efforts intensified, with over $14 billion committed to by 2022, emphasizing electric vehicles and advanced platforms. The third-generation QQ, launched as an all-electric model in 2025, features a unique, software-defined design without prior copying allegations, signaling 's shift toward innovative, premium-oriented EVs. Modern electric QQ variants also incorporate safety features like IP68-rated protection and lifetime warranties.

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