Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Cleveland Way

The Cleveland Way is a 109-mile (175 km) National Trail in North Yorkshire, England, designated as one of the country's premier long-distance walking routes that combines inland moorland with dramatic coastal scenery.^[1] It begins at Helmsley in the North York Moors National Park and follows a varied path across heather-clad hills to the seaside town of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, before turning southward along the rugged cliffs and beaches of the North Yorkshire coast to end at Filey Brigg.^[1] Opened on 24 May 1969, it was the second National Trail established in England and Wales, created to highlight the region's natural beauty, historic landmarks, and cultural heritage.^[1] The trail's inland section winds through the expansive North York Moors, featuring rolling moorland, ancient stone crosses, and sites like Helmsley Castle, while the coastal stretch passes fishing villages, ruined abbeys such as Whitby Abbey, and vibrant towns including Robin Hood's Bay and Scarborough.^[2] Approximately 2,000 hikers complete the full route each year, with around 350,000 total visits annually for shorter walks and activities, underscoring its popularity for both multi-day treks—typically spanning 9 days—and day excursions.^[2] Designed for reasonably fit walkers, the path is well-signposted but includes challenging terrain like steep ascents and cliff edges, with the best conditions from late August to early September when purple heather blankets the moors.^[1] It connects seamlessly to the King Charles III England Coast Path, allowing extensions northward to Bamburgh or southward to Bridlington for longer coastal adventures.^[2]

Overview

Description

The Cleveland Way is a 109-mile (175 km) National Trail located in North Yorkshire, England, stretching from Helmsley in the west to Filey Brigg on the east coast and typically traversed clockwise. It passes through the North York Moors National Park and along the North Yorkshire coastline, showcasing a diverse mix of moorland hills, coastal cliffs, and wooded valleys. The terrain is challenging, featuring significant elevation changes with a total ascent of 5,031 m (16,506 ft).^[1]^[3] Designated as one of 16 National Trails in England and Wales, the Cleveland Way was officially opened in 1969 and offers walkers an ever-changing landscape of heather moorlands, dramatic seaside paths, and scenic coastal towns.^[1]^[4] End-to-end completion generally takes 7-10 days for fit walkers, allowing time to appreciate the route's varied scenery and moderate to strenuous daily stages.^[5]

Significance

The Cleveland Way holds significant recreational value as one of England's premier long-distance walking trails, attracting approximately 350,000 visitors annually who engage in activities ranging from full end-to-end hikes to shorter day walks, thereby promoting physical health and outdoor recreation in the rural landscapes of North Yorkshire.^[2] With its 109-mile route through diverse terrains including moorland and coastline, the trail encourages sustainable tourism and supports local communities by drawing walkers to explore the North York Moors National Park, fostering a connection to nature that benefits both individual well-being and regional vitality.^[1] In terms of conservation, the Cleveland Way plays a crucial role in safeguarding the moorland and coastal ecosystems of the North York Moors National Park, where active management practices such as heather burning and grazing help maintain biodiversity and prevent habitat degradation.^[6] By routing through protected areas, the trail raises awareness of environmental stewardship, contributing to initiatives that preserve the park's unique flora and fauna while balancing public access with ecological protection.^[1] Culturally, the trail symbolizes the heritage of the Cleveland region, weaving together prehistoric monuments, medieval abbeys, and literary associations—such as the coastal cliffs that inspired Bram Stoker's Dracula—to connect modern walkers with the area's ancient history and evolving walking traditions.^[1] This integration of natural and historical elements underscores its importance as a cultural corridor in northern England. Economically, the Cleveland Way bolsters the local economy by stimulating tourism in towns like Helmsley and Scarborough, where visitors support accommodations, eateries, and outdoor services, contributing to the broader £4.2 billion annual tourism impact in North Yorkshire as of 2024.^[7] Recent recognitions, including its 50th anniversary celebrations in 2019 and integration into the King Charles III England Coast Path since 2023, have further elevated its profile, enhancing connectivity and drawing additional international interest to the route.^[8]^[9]

History

Origins

The origins of the Cleveland Way trace back to the early 20th century, amid growing interest in providing public access to the British countryside following World War II. In the 1930s, the Teesside Ramblers' Association first envisioned a long-distance walking route that would connect the inland moorlands of the Cleveland Hills to the dramatic coastal paths of North Yorkshire, aiming to create an integrated experience traversing both upland and seaside landscapes. This early conceptualization was driven by local walking groups seeking to promote recreational access to the region's natural beauty, setting the stage for more formal development.^[10] The pivotal legal foundation for such trails came with the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949, which empowered the newly formed National Parks Commission to designate and develop long-distance footpaths across England and Wales, emphasizing routes that avoided roads and highlighted scenic areas. The idea was first documented in the 1947 Hobhouse Report, which recommended long-distance paths including the Cleveland Way. Building on this framework, the Commission submitted a formal proposal for the Cleveland Way in 1953 to the North Riding of Yorkshire Council, marking the trail's official entry into planning discussions as part of broader post-war initiatives to enhance public enjoyment of rural landscapes. Local ramblers, including members of the Cleveland Ramblers, played a key role in advocating for the path, collaborating with regional authorities to ensure it aligned with community interests in preserving and accessing the North York Moors.^[11]^[10] Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, extensive surveys and mapping efforts refined the inland moorland route, involving detailed assessments by the National Parks Commission, local councils, and rambling associations to identify sustainable paths through the heather-covered hills and escarpments. These activities focused on linking the proposed inland section—traversing the Cleveland Hills—with existing coastal walks, fostering a cohesive trail that offered a circuit-like journey from high moors to sea cliffs. The collaborative process ensured the route respected the terrain's ecological sensitivities while providing a comprehensive walking experience. By 1965, the planning report received approval, culminating in the trail's official opening in 1969.^[10]^[11]

Establishment

The designation process for the Cleveland Way began with formal approval from the Countryside Commission in 1965, marking it for development as a long-distance footpath within the emerging National Trails network.^[12] This followed a formal proposal submitted in 1953 by the National Parks Commission to the North Riding of Yorkshire Council, building on earlier advocacy by local rambling groups seeking to establish a route around the North York Moors.^[10] Upon completion, the trail integrated into the National Trails family as a designated public path, emphasizing access to the countryside under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.^[1] The Cleveland Way was officially opened on 24 May 1969, becoming the second National Trail in England and Wales after the Pennine Way, which had launched in 1965.^[1] Spanning 109 miles (175 km) from Helmsley to Filey Brigg, the route combined inland moorland paths with coastal stretches, providing a horseshoe circuit around the North York Moors National Park.^[1] Initial management responsibilities were shared between the North York Moors National Park Authority, which oversaw the majority of the inland sections, and local authorities such as Scarborough Borough Council for the coastal portions. Standardization of waymarking with the distinctive acorn symbol—adopted across all National Trails—ensured clear navigation from the outset.^[5] In the early years, efforts focused on supporting walkers through practical resources, including the publication of the first official guidebook in 1972 by Alan Falconer, which detailed the route and highlighted key features. Alan was the son of Alec Falconer, a key proponent of the trail who passed away in 1968.^[13] This guide addressed initial challenges such as path maintenance amid growing usage, setting the stage for ongoing stewardship by park and council teams.^[14]

Natural Environment

Flora

The flora along the Cleveland Way is characterized by a diverse array of plant communities adapted to the trail's moorland, coastal, and woodland habitats within the North York Moors National Park. Dominant in the inland moorland sections are evergreen shrubs such as common heather (Calluna vulgaris, also known as ling) and bell heather (Erica cinerea), which form dense carpets across acidic, peaty soils and bloom in vibrant purple hues during late summer, peaking from August to September.^[15]^[16] Associated with these are bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), low-growing berries that thrive in the same nutrient-poor conditions and provide seasonal color contrasts.^[16] Along the coastal stretches from Scarborough to Filey, salt-tolerant species prevail on cliffs, dunes, and rocky shores. Sea thrift (Armeria maritima), a compact perennial with pink flower heads, clings to cliff edges and blooms from spring through early autumn, while sea campion (Silene uniflora) forms inflated white-flowered cushions on exposed rocks.^[17] Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) stabilizes sandy dunes with its tough, rolling leaves, helping to prevent erosion in areas like the beaches near Ravenscar. In the sheltered valleys and dales intersected by the trail, such as Rosedale, deciduous woodlands feature native trees including sessile oak (Quercus petraea), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), and silver birch (Betula pendula), which support understory growth in more alkaline soils. Damp, shaded areas within these woodlands harbor ferns like the male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) and a variety of mosses, contributing to the lush, green microhabitats amid the broader open landscapes.^[18] Conservation efforts play a vital role in maintaining this botanical diversity, particularly through rotational managed burning of moorland vegetation to prevent woody overgrowth and stimulate heather regeneration, ensuring new, nutrient-rich shoots for the ecosystem.^[19] However, threats persist from invasive non-native species like Rhododendron ponticum, which spreads rapidly in woodlands and outcompetes native plants by forming dense canopies that suppress light and alter soil chemistry.^[20]^[21] Biodiversity hotspots along the route include the Hambleton Hills, where calcareous grasslands support a profusion of wildflowers such as lady's bedstraw (Galium verum) and common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii) in spring and summer.^[22] At Filey Brigg, the headland's saltmarshes and rocky shores host specialized halophytic plants like sea plantain (Plantago maritima) and glasswort (Salicornia spp.), adapted to saline conditions.^[23] Recent environmental challenges, including severe wildfires in the North York Moors during the 2020s—such as the extensive 2025 blaze on Langdale Moor near Fylingdales—have prompted heather restoration initiatives involving reseeding and erosion control to aid long-term recovery of moorland vegetation, though full regeneration may span decades or centuries.^[24]^[25] The fire, which started in August 2025 and covered approximately 10 square miles (25 sq km), was contained by September 2025, with ongoing monitoring for hotspots; access restrictions in the affected area are set to lift by early December 2025.^[26]

Fauna

The Cleveland Way traverses diverse habitats in the North York Moors and Yorkshire coast, supporting a range of bird species adapted to moorland and marine environments. In the inland moorland sections, red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) thrive amid heather-dominated landscapes, where they feed on shoots and berries, while their populations are managed through habitat conservation efforts. The Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) is another characteristic moorland bird, known for its distinctive, haunting bubbling call during breeding season, often heard echoing across open grasslands. Raptors such as the merlin (Falco columbarius), a small falcon that hunts small mammals and birds in flight, and the hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), which glides low over heather to pursue prey, add to the aerial diversity, though both face challenges from habitat loss and persecution.^[27] Along the coastal stretches, seabird colonies flourish on chalk cliffs and headlands. At nearby Bempton Cliffs, accessible via extensions from the trail's Filey terminus, Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) nest in burrows during summer, alongside black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that build nests on sheer faces and common guillemots (Uria aalge) that form dense rafts on the sea. Great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) perch prominently on coastal cliffs, drying their wings after diving for fish, contributing to the dynamic seabird spectacle visible from trail viewpoints.^[28] Mammals along the route include roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in wooded valleys and dales, where they browse on leaves and twigs, often spotted at dawn or dusk. Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) haul out on rocky shores and beaches near Ravenscar and Robin Hood's Bay, with pups born in autumn and winter, viewable from safe distances to avoid disturbance. The European adder (Vipera berus), the UK's only venomous snake, basks in heather patches on moors, preying on small rodents and insects, though bites are rare and non-fatal to humans. Invertebrates enrich the trail's ecosystems, with emperor moth (Saturnia pavonia) caterpillars feeding on heather and bilberry across moorland, their striking black-and-yellow patterns aiding camouflage.^[29] Dragonflies, such as common hawker (Aeshna juncea) and blue-tailed damselfly (Ischnura elegans), emerge in damp valleys and streams, patrolling wetland edges for insects. Spring marks the peak of bird migrations and breeding, with curlews and seabirds arriving to nest, enhancing viewing opportunities. However, climate change poses threats, including warmer temperatures and altered precipitation that disrupt heather growth, leading to predicted declines in red grouse breeding success and overall moorland bird populations. Ethical viewing practices are essential to minimize disturbance; walkers should stick to marked paths, use binoculars from afar, and utilize observation points like those near Ravenscar for seals and birds, avoiding nesting sites during breeding season to protect vulnerable species.

Route

Inland Section

The inland section of the Cleveland Way begins at Helmsley Castle, serving as the primary gateway to the trail, where walkers start from the nearby car park and proceed through the town before an initial ascent toward the open moors via wooded dales such as Beck Dale.^[30] This western half traverses approximately 57 miles (92 km) through the heart of the North York Moors National Park, characterized by rolling heather moorland, limestone escarpments, and expansive vistas, culminating at Kildale before linking to the coastal portion at Saltburn-by-the-Sea.^[2] The route emphasizes the park's interior landscapes, with a total elevation gain of around 2,500 m (8,200 ft), demanding steady climbs and descents across varied terrain.^[5] Key stages include the approximately 33-mile (53 km) stretch from Helmsley to Clay Bank Tops, passing through the vicinity of Rievaulx Abbey and ascending the Hambleton Hills with their distinctive tabland geology. This encompasses Helmsley to Sutton Bank (10 miles), Sutton Bank to Osmotherley (11.5 miles), and Osmotherley to Clay Bank (11 miles).^[30] Walkers encounter steep escarpments like Sutton Bank, featuring a challenging 1:4 (25%) gradient that offers dramatic overlooks of the Vale of Pickering below. The subsequent 9.3-mile (15 km) segment from Clay Bank to Kildale crosses the Cleveland Hills, including the highest point on the entire trail at Urra Moor (454 m / 1,489 ft), where purple heather blankets the undulating plateaus in summer.^[30] These stages highlight the moors' rugged beauty, with paths weaving along ancient drove roads and open ridges. Navigation relies on consistent waymarking with the National Trail's acorn symbol posted at junctions, supplemented by stone markers on historic sections; however, exposed moorland areas are susceptible to rapid weather changes, including fog and high winds, requiring map and compass use.^[5] Highlights include panoramic views from White Gill Head, where the trail bends sharply for sweeping sights across the moors toward distant hills, and ancient trackways such as the Old Wife's Way, a prehistoric route now integrated into the path near the tabland edges.^[30] Challenges arise from boggy paths, particularly in wet seasons when peat sections become waterlogged and require detours or waterproof gear, alongside the cumulative strain of frequent elevation changes on uneven stone-slabbed or gravel surfaces.^[30] Despite these, the inland route provides a profound immersion in the moors' wild character, rewarding with solitude and unspoiled natural expanses.^[2]

Coastal Section

The coastal section of the Cleveland Way commences at Saltburn-by-the-Sea, marking a transition from the inland moors to the dramatic North Sea shoreline, where the path begins near the Victorian pier and ascends northward along cliff tops.^[30] This 52-mile (84 km) segment extends to Filey Brigg, offering a contrasting seaside experience with sweeping coastal vistas and gentler, though undulating, terrain compared to the rugged interior.^[31] The route is typically divided into three main stages. The first, from Saltburn to Runswick Bay, covers approximately 18 miles (29 km) and passes through Staithes, featuring steep cliff ascents and descents along the edge of Boulby Cliff, England's highest sea cliff at 203 meters (666 ft). This includes Saltburn to Sandsend (17.5 miles), with Runswick Bay nearby.^[30] The second stage, from Runswick Bay to Scarborough, spans about 22 miles (35 km), traversing past Whitby with its iconic abbey ruins visible from the path, and continuing through Ravenscar's elevated headlands before descending to the resort town. This covers Sandsend to Robin Hood's Bay (10 miles) and Robin Hood's Bay to Scarborough (12 miles).^[30] The final leg, from Scarborough to Filey, measures roughly 10.5 miles (17 km) via Cayton Bay, culminating at the prominent Filey Brigg headland.^[30] Terrain along this section includes sheer cliffs rising up to 200 meters, interspersed with sandy beaches, grassy headlands, and occasional waterfalls, providing a softer surface underfoot than the moorland paths but requiring caution with numerous steps and potential tidal influences on beach sections.^[30] Navigation follows well-waymarked cliff-top trails that integrate with the King Charles III England Coast Path, though the route remains exposed to prevailing winds and is subject to ongoing coastal erosion, necessitating periodic diversions such as the inland reroute at Robin Hood's Bay implemented due to cliff instability.^[32] Recent maintenance efforts have addressed erosion challenges near Whitby and Staithes.^[30] Key highlights include panoramic views of Whitby Abbey from the cliff path, the fossil-rich geological exposures at Ravenscar, and the natural rock arch at Filey Brigg, a notable landmark for its dramatic seascape.^[30] Walkers encounter challenges such as frequent steep ascents and descents—totaling over 2,000 meters (6,500 ft) of elevation change across the section—and seasonal restrictions on beach access due to tides or nesting birds, advising checks of local tide tables and weather forecasts.^[30]

Cultural and Historical Features

Inland Heritage

The inland section of the Cleveland Way traverses a landscape rich in prehistoric archaeology, particularly along the Hambleton Hills, where numerous round barrows and standing stones attest to Bronze Age activity dating back 3,000–4,000 years.^[33] These barrows, often stone-built mounds positioned on hilltops, served as burial sites containing pottery and flint tools, reflecting communal rituals and territorial markers in a period of emerging farming communities.^[33] Sites like those at Danby Rigg and near Lord Stones include clusters of such monuments, alongside prehistoric enclosures and clearance cairns that highlight early land management practices.^[33] Standing stones, such as the Face Stone adjacent to the trail, further evoke this ancient heritage, though not all are definitively prehistoric.^[34] Medieval remains along the inland route underscore the area's monastic and feudal significance, exemplified by the ruins of Rievaulx Abbey, a 12th-century Cistercian foundation established in 1132 by Walter Espec on land in Ryedale.^[35] As the first Cistercian house in northern England, it embodied the order's austere ideals, growing to support over 140 monks and 500 lay brothers by the 1160s under Abbot Aelred, with grand stone structures including a monumental church and innovative chapter house.^[35] The abbey was dissolved in 1538 during Henry VIII's reforms, leaving evocative ruins that symbolize the Cistercian emphasis on seclusion and self-sufficiency.^[35] Nearby, Helmsley Castle originated as a Norman motte-and-bailey fortress in the late 12th century, evolving into a stone shell keep by 1190 under Walter Espec's successors.^[36] It developed further into a Tudor mansion by 1582 and served as a Royalist stronghold during the 17th-century English Civil War, enduring a siege before partial destruction.^[36] Industrial remnants from the 19th century dot the inland moors, particularly the old ironstone mines near Rosedale, where high-grade magnetic ironstone extraction boomed from 1856 to 1926, transforming the local population from 558 to nearly 3,000.^[37] These operations featured massive calcining kilns, a dedicated railway, and infrastructure like schools and hospitals, leaving visible shafts, tramways, and spoil heaps as testaments to Cleveland's role in Britain's iron industry.^[37] Associated 19th-century railway embankments, such as those of the Rosedale Ironstone Railway built in 1865, facilitated ore transport via inclines and narrow-gauge lines, remnants of which persist as earthworks along former mining corridors.^[38] Cultural lore enriches the inland heritage, with the Cleveland Way incorporating ancient droving routes like the Hambleton Drove Road, used since prehistoric times but prominently by Scottish cattle herders in the 18th and 19th centuries to reach southern markets.^[30] This path's legacy ties into local folklore, notably the origins of the Lyke Wake Walk, a 40-mile moorland challenge conceived in 1955 by farmer Bill Cowley but rooted in the "Lyke-Wake Dirge," an old Yorkshire folk song evoking corpse-carrying processions across burial mounds.^[39] The dirge and associated traditions commemorate historic coffin routes over the moors, blending pagan and Christian elements in regional storytelling. These sites are seamlessly integrated into the trail, with interpretive boards at key locations like Rievaulx Abbey and Helmsley Castle providing context on their historical roles.^[1] Recent archaeological surveys in the 2020s, including LiDAR mapping under the Ryevitalise project (2021) and community routeway analyses (2025), have uncovered additional prehistoric and medieval features along the North York Moors, enhancing understanding of the inland landscape's layered history.^[40]^[41]

Coastal Heritage

The coastal heritage of the Cleveland Way is richly intertwined with maritime traditions, reflecting centuries of seafaring, trade, and defense along North Yorkshire's dramatic cliffs. Whitby Abbey, perched on a headland overlooking the North Sea, traces its origins to a 7th-century Anglo-Saxon monastery founded by St. Hild, which evolved into a Benedictine abbey after the Norman Conquest.^[42] This site became emblematic of the region's maritime legacy, particularly through its association with Captain James Cook, who apprenticed in nearby Staithes in 1745 and later worked as a ship's boy in Whitby from 1746 to 1755, honing skills that propelled his voyages of exploration.^[43] Further south, Robin Hood's Bay harbors tales of 18th-century smuggling, where villagers concealed contraband like tea, brandy, and silk in underground tunnels and cliffside coves, evading excise officers amid the area's remote inlets. Defensive structures underscore the coast's strategic importance, with Scarborough Castle originating as an 11th-century ringwork fortification that was rebuilt in stone by William II around 1100, serving as a royal stronghold.^[44] During the English Civil War, the castle endured two major sieges by Parliamentarian forces in 1644–1645, with the second bombardment causing significant damage, including the partial collapse of the keep, as documented in contemporary accounts.^[45] In contrast, Ravenscar exemplifies Victorian ambition's unfulfilled promise; in the late 19th century, developers laid out streets and sewers for a grand seaside resort to rival Scarborough, but harsh weather and poor soil deterred settlers, leaving ruins of planned villas and a hotel amid the clifftop landscape.^[46] Industrial endeavors shaped the shoreline's economy, notably at Boulby Cliff, where alum quarries operated from the mid-17th century until 1871, extracting shale for dyeing and leather tanning in a labor-intensive process involving calcining pits and steeping ponds.^[47] At Filey, the heritage of fossil hunting draws from the Jurassic Coast's exposed strata, where 19th-century collectors unearthed ammonites and ichthyosaurs, contributing to early paleontological studies along this stretch.^[48] Cultural icons amplify these narratives: Cook's boyhood in Staithes, where he lived above a grocer's shop overlooking the harbor, ignited his seafaring passion before his Whitby tenure.^[49] Whitby's literary resonance stems from Bram Stoker's 1890 visit, which inspired key scenes in Dracula (1897), including the vampire's arrival by ship and the abbey's brooding silhouette evoking gothic horror. Many of these sites are preserved by English Heritage, which manages Whitby Abbey and Scarborough Castle, ensuring public access through interpretive exhibits and conservation efforts.^[50] The Cleveland Way provides direct trail access to these heritage features, allowing walkers to trace the coastal path from Staithes to Filey while encountering these landmarks.

Connections and Variations

Linking Paths

The Cleveland Way intersects with several other long-distance footpaths, enabling walkers to create extended linear journeys across northern England. One prominent connection is with the Coast to Coast Walk in the North York Moors, where the routes converge at Bloworth Crossing on Urra Moor, allowing for a western extension through the Yorkshire Dales via the Coast to Coast's path toward Keld.^[1]^[51] At its southern terminus in Filey, the Cleveland Way links with the Yorkshire Wolds Way, providing a seamless continuation into the chalk hills of the Yorkshire Wolds for a southward loop.^[3] Regional paths also connect at key points along the route. The Ebor Way joins at the northern starting point of Helmsley, offering an eastward link from York and the Dales Way near Ilkley for journeys from western Yorkshire.^[52]^[53] Further along the coastal section, the Esk Valley Walk intersects at Grosmont, facilitating diversions or extensions into the valley toward Whitby and beyond.^[53]^[1] The coastal portion from Saltburn-by-the-Sea to Filey fully overlaps with the King Charles III England Coast Path, integrating the Cleveland Way into the national coastal network opened progressively in the 2010s. Practical junctions enhance accessibility, such as the signposted path from Clay Bank Tops leading to Roseberry Topping, a prominent hill popular for short detours. The 2025 moorland fire affecting Fylingdales Moor has prompted diversions on intersecting routes like the Lyke Wake Walk, which crosses the Cleveland Way in the moors; these updates include alternative paths via Foss Lane and the B1416 to maintain connectivity. As of November 2025, open access on Fylingdales Moor remains suspended due to ongoing hazards.^[1] These linking paths allow for customized itineraries, such as focusing solely on the approximately 50-mile coastal segment while connecting to broader networks for longer treks.^[30]

Circular and Extended Walks

The Cleveland Way provides a variety of self-contained circular walks suitable for day hikes or multi-day excursions, allowing walkers to experience key sections of the trail without committing to the full linear route. Short circulars include the approximately 8-mile loop from Helmsley to Rievaulx Abbey, which traces the trail's opening path through dales and woodlands to the 12th-century Cistercian ruins, offering historical insights and gentle terrain ideal for families.^[54] Another accessible option is the 5-mile Sutton Bank Access Circuit, which follows the escarpment edge with expansive views across the Vale of Mowbray toward the Yorkshire Dales, passing near the Yorkshire Gliding Club and designed for inclusive access without stiles or steps.^[55] Longer loops expand on these themes, such as the 20-mile North York Moors circuit starting from Osmotherley, which combines Cleveland Way segments with moorland paths to traverse the park's fringe landscapes, including Live Moor and Scarth Nick, for a more immersive exploration of heather-clad hills.^[56] On the coastal side, a 15-mile return loop from Filey to Scarborough via the cliff-top trail and inland valleys showcases dramatic seascapes and returns through gentler countryside, blending seaside heritage with rural tranquility.^[57] For extended options, the Tabular Hills Link enables a full circuit of the North York Moors by connecting Helmsley to Scalby near Scarborough, adding roughly 40 miles to the Cleveland Way for a comprehensive 150-mile loop that encircles the national park's diverse terrains.^[58] Various guides, such as the Cleveland Circles guide, offer around 30 circular day walks along the route, covering easy to strenuous grades and highlighting seasonal highlights like spring wildflowers in woodland sections.^[3] Diversions have been implemented for sections affected by the 2025 moorland fires in the eastern North York Moors, prioritizing paths in unaffected coastal and western inland zones for safer access. These variants can briefly link to adjacent trails like the Coast to Coast for further extensions.^[1]

Events and Challenges

Organized Races

The Hardmoors 110 is an annual ultramarathon that traverses the full length of the Cleveland Way National Trail, starting in Filey and finishing in Helmsley over 110 miles with roughly 5,000 meters of cumulative ascent.^[59] The event, organized by Hardmoors Ltd., imposes a 36-hour time limit and features 10 checkpoints at strategic points like Scarborough, Runswick Bay, and Osmotherley, providing access to water, food, hot drinks, and drop bags for participants.^[59] Strict environmental protocols are enforced, including mandatory litter removal, adherence to the marked trail, and closure of gates to minimize impact on the North York Moors and coastal heritage areas.^[59] First held in 2008 with just 17 finishers, the race has expanded significantly, reflecting broader trends in ultrarunning growth during the 2020s amid a post-COVID surge in outdoor endurance participation.^[60]^[61] The current course record stands at 19 hours, 23 minutes, and 13 seconds, set by Eddy Healey in 2022, showcasing the demanding terrain of moorland paths and coastal cliffs that challenge even elite runners.^[62] Complementing the flagship event, the Hardmoors series offers shorter races utilizing segments of the Cleveland Way to accommodate varying levels of experience. The Hardmoors 60 covers 63 miles along the coastal stretch from Guisborough to Filey, with an 18-hour cutoff and over 3,500 meters of ascent, while the Hardmoors 30 forms a 30-mile loop from Robin Hood's Bay through Ravenscar and Cloughton, emphasizing rugged seaside trails.^[63]^[64] These events, held annually in spring and autumn, draw hundreds of competitors collectively, with entry limits around 300 per race contributing to over 500 participants across the series each year.^[65] Other organized challenges along the route include the Cleveland Way Challenge, a supported walking event that spans the trail's 109 miles over four days during Easter Bank Holiday weekends, starting from Helmsley and focusing on steady progress through moorland and coastline without competitive timing.^[66] Organized by Endurotrek, it provides checkpoints, accommodation options, and guidance for groups, emphasizing endurance over speed.^[67] Historical revivals of the Lyke Wake Race, a 40-mile moorland crossing originating in 1955, incorporate the inland portion of the Cleveland Way from Osmotherley toward Ravenscar, involving about 1,500 meters of ascent across heather and bog terrain.^[68]^[39] Annual iterations, such as those run by the Quakers Running Club since the early 2000s, maintain the 24-hour challenge format with checkpoints and environmental stewardship rules, celebrating the route's 70th anniversary in 2025.^[69]^[70]

Other Activities

The Cleveland Way National Trail, while primarily designated for walking, includes sections classified as bridleways and minor roads that permit cycling and horse riding, allowing visitors to experience portions of the route on horseback or by bike. These bridleway segments, particularly in the inland moorland areas, provide opportunities for equestrian exploration amid heather-covered landscapes, though cyclists and riders must adhere to signage and avoid footpath-only sections to prevent erosion and ensure safety. Horse riding is facilitated by local stables offering guided treks, such as those near the North York Moors, where riders can traverse permissive paths connecting to the trail.^[71]^[2] Wildlife watching is a prominent activity along the trail, drawn by its diverse habitats spanning moorland, woodlands, and dramatic coastline. Birdwatchers can observe species like song thrushes, marsh tits, redwings, goldfinches, and birds of prey such as goshawks and hen harriers, especially in the inland sections around Osmotherley and the coastal cliffs near Boggle Hole. The coastal path supports seabird colonies, including puffins and guillemots at sites like Filey Brigg, while boat trips from nearby harbors, such as those offered by Three Sisters Sea Trips, enable sightings of whales, dolphins, and seals offshore. Roe deer, badgers, and foxes are commonly spotted in wooded valleys like Hayburn Wyke, with guided nature tours available through the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust to enhance observation without disturbing habitats.^[72]^[73]^[74] Coastal activities such as rock pooling and fossil hunting add interactive elements to visits, particularly along the shoreline from Scarborough to Filey. At Filey Brigg and Sandsend Beach, low tides reveal rock pools teeming with marine life like crabs, anemones, and starfish, suitable for family exploration with simple equipment. Fossil enthusiasts frequent Cayton Bay, where Jurassic-era ammonites and belemnites can be found embedded in the clay cliffs, guided by local experts or self-directed hunts during safe conditions. These pursuits are regulated to protect the environment, with the Jurassic Coast Trust providing resources on ethical collecting.^[74] Community events like walking festivals, farmers' markets, and village fetes occur seasonally along the route, offering cultural immersion beyond physical exertion. The annual North York Moors Walking Festival features themed guided outings focused on history and nature, while markets in towns like Helmsley showcase local produce and crafts. Village fetes in coastal hamlets, such as Staithes, include heritage exhibits at the Staithes Museum and artistic trails like the Painted Illusion Trail, blending leisure with local traditions.^[75]^[74]

References

[1]
Cleveland Way - National Trails
The Cleveland Way National Trail is a 109 mile (175 km) walking route through beautiful and ever-changing landscapes and scenery.Trail Information & Map · See the Trail · Route Description · A list of accommodation
[2]
Cleveland Way National Trail | NYMNP
The Cleveland Way is a 109-mile trail from Helmsley to Filey, with 2,000 annual hikers, and 350,000 annual visits, and can be extended.
[3]
Cleveland Way National Trail - LDWA Long Distance Paths
The Way climbs to the North York Moors at Sutton Bank, where there is a ... 5,031 m (16,506 ft) ascent 448 m (1,470 ft) maximum height. Cleveland Way ...Missing: total | Show results with:total
[4]
None
Nothing is retrieved...<|separator|>
[5]
Cleveland Way Map and Information - National Trails
The 109 mile (175km) Cleveland Way is one of England's original National Trails. Starting at Helmsley, the first half crosses the North York Moors National ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[6]
Youth conservation residential - North York Moors National Park
A visit to Bransdale Moor on Wednesday helped the group learn about moorland management. The heather was in full bloom so the moor was looking particularly ...<|separator|>
[7]
Tourism facts and figures | NYMNP - North York Moors National Park
Economic impact +11.7% in 2022 compared to 2019 (including Airbnb) · Visitor numbers +4.3% · Total Visitor Days and Nights +6.7%.
[8]
Cleveland Way National Trail celebrates 50th anniversary
May 24, 2019 · This 109 mile National Trail runs from the North York Moors National Park from Helmsley to Saltburn before following the coastline down to Filey ...
[9]
England: Walking the Cleveland Way - Wibkestravels
May 26, 2023 · Since 2023 it has been part of the King Charles III England Coast Path, which when completed will be the longest walking path in the world. See ...Missing: integration | Show results with:integration
[10]
The Cleveland Way: walk one of Britain's best-loved National Trails
In 1953, a formal application to create the route was submitted, and it officially opened on 24 May 1969, becoming only the second National Trail in England and ...Missing: history origins proposal Lyke Wake 1949 Act
[11]
[PDF] Introduction to National Trails Part 1: their origins in the UK
Sep 6, 2015 · Trail. Report approved. Opened. Pennine Way. 1951. 1965. Cleveland Way. 1965. 1969. Pembrokeshire Coast. Path. 1953. 1970. Offa's Dyke Path.
[12]
Countryside Routes - Hansard - UK Parliament
Jul 20, 1973 · The Cleveland Way was approved in 1965 and was opened four years later. The Pembroke Coast Path was approved in 1953 but was not opened until 17 ...
[13]
A tale of two halves on the Cleveland Way | Mickledore Travel
Jun 25, 2024 · Opened in 1969, the Cleveland Way was the UK's second National Trail, coming four years after the Pennine Way. In total it covers 109 miles from ...Missing: Lyke Wake influence 1949 Act surveys 1950s
[14]
Keeping the wheels turning on the Cleveland Way | NYMNP
Back in 2006, Andrew recalls, much of the maintenance work involved improving the Cleveland Way's surface and chopping back vegetation particularly where it had ...
[15]
All about heather | NYMNP - North York Moors National Park
Heather – an evergreen shrub with twiggy stems – covers our open moorland. Usually lots of heather plants grow together, forming a thick, bushy carpet.Missing: Cleveland Way bilberry crowberry
[16]
[PDF] Eston Moors - Redcar | Cleveland
• Common heather, or "Ling". Bell heather. Cross leaved heath (on wet soil) along with Bilberry and patches of Crowberry. Gorse and Broom scrub blend into ...Missing: flora | Show results with:flora
[17]
Thrift - Yorkshire Peat Partnership
Thrift is a perennial and flowers mainly from April to July, but can hang on until early autumn. It is also commonly known as 'Sea-pink' and 'Cliff Clover' and ...
[18]
[PDF] North York Moors Landscape Character Assessment Update 2021
Popular walking route – the Cleveland Way National Trail forms part of the Filey Brigg to. Newport Bridge section of the England Coast Path. •. Expansive ...
[19]
Heather burning - Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust
Heather burning has a long history of use in managing moorland. It encourages the growth of new shoots, which are more palatable than older, woody heather.
[20]
Rhododendron is destroying our native wildlife - Woodland Trust
May 23, 2024 · Popular for its pretty flowers, Rhododendron ponticum is an invasive non-native species and is damaging native woods and wildlife.
[21]
[PDF] INVASIVE NON-NATIVE SPECIES REPORT and CONTROL ...
Data obtained from Yorkshire Invasive Species. Forum, Environment Agency, National Trust, North York Moors National Park and East Yorkshire Rivers Trust.
[22]
Hambleton Plantation and Thicket Wood Circular - AllTrails
Rating 4.5 (47) Yes, trailgoers have reported a variety of wildflower types on Hambleton Plantation and Thicket Wood Circular, though the specific types can vary from month to ...
[23]
[PDF] Coastal Access Filey Brigg to Newport Bridge - GOV.UK
Oct 16, 2014 · Proposed new access provisions. The proposed trail follows the Cleveland Way, on public rights of way, throughout the SSSI's and proposed.<|separator|>
[24]
'North Yorkshire moorland could take centuries to recover from fires'
Aug 15, 2025 · Emergency crews continue to tackle wildfires in the North York Moors as ecologists share concerns.Missing: projects 2020s Cleveland
[25]
Langdale Moor fire could take centuries to recover, experts warn
Aug 20, 2025 · The catastrophic fire at Langdale Moor could take centuries for nature to recover from, according to ecologists from the North York Moors ...
[26]
Hen harrier | Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
The hen harrier nests on the ground among the heather of upland moorlands. It winters in the lowlands, particularly around the coast, on heathland and on ...
[27]
Hunt Cliff Nature Reserve | NYMNP - North York Moors National Park
The cliff face is of regional importance for nesting kittiwakes and other seabirds such as fulmar and cormorant. You can watch sea birds from the beach at ...
[28]
Emperor Moth | Butterfly Conservation
Emperor Moth (female). Emperor Moth (female). Emperor moth (female & male). Emperor moth (eggs/young caterpillars). Emperor moth (caterpillar). Emperor moth ( ...
[29]
Route Description - Cleveland Way - National Trails
Its shape gives it its nickname as “Yorkshire's Matterhorn” and the reward for reaching its 320m (1050 feet) summit is a panorama of outstanding views.Missing: gain | Show results with:gain<|separator|>
[30]
Sutton Bank - Wikipedia
The A170 road runs down the bank with a maximum gradient of 1 in 4 (25%), and including a hairpin bend. ... The 110-mile (177 km) long Cleveland Way National ...
[31]
An update from the North York Moors National Park Authority | NYMNP
While the fire has been contained and the immediate emergency response is winding down, the impact of this event will be felt for months and years to come. The ...Missing: heather projects 2020s Cleveland
[32]
Cleveland Way Coastal section: 52 Miles Walking Holiday Itineraries
Cleveland Way Coast Section: 52 miles/ 84 km Walking Holiday from Saltburn-by-the-Sea to Filey. Itinerary 6 nights | Embark Walking Holidays.
[33]
Diversion of the Cleveland Way and England Coast Path at Robin ...
The Cleveland Way and England Coast Path at the eastern end of Mount Pleasant North, Robin Hood's Bay is being diverted inland due to coastal erosion.Missing: control 1970s<|control11|><|separator|>
[34]
https://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/6756/face-stone
[35]
First farmers and Roulston Scar - North York Moors National Park
The burial mounds, or round barrows, date from the early Bronze Age 3-4,000 years ago, and are a very distinctive feature of the moors landscape, often located ...Missing: Hambleton | Show results with:Hambleton
[36]
Face Stone (Standing Stone / Menhir) - The Modern Antiquarian
The stone sits beside the Cleveland Way and whatever it's origin, it's a lovely, scary stone, well worth a visit.Missing: prehistoric | Show results with:prehistoric
[37]
History of Rievaulx Abbey - English Heritage
Rievaulx Abbey, founded in 1132, was the first Cistercian abbey to be established in the north of England. It quickly became one of the most powerful and ...Description · History and Stories · Collection · ResearchMissing: Cleveland Way
[38]
[PDF] helmsley-castle-timeline.pdf - English Heritage
1582. The Tudor mansion at Helmsley Castle is completed. 17TH CENTURY. 1620. Lady Katherine Manners marries George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.
[39]
Industrial archaeology | NYMNP - North York Moors National Park
There was also significant ironstone mining in the Cleveland Hills. Roseberry Ironstone Mine was first founded in the 1870s, and later flourished from 1907 ...
[40]
Rosedale Railway: Ironstone Mining Legacy in North York Moors
In 1858, The Ingleby Ironstone & Freestone Mining Company built a narrow gauge line to connect existing mining operations with the North Yorkshire and Cleveland ...
[41]
The Big Routes: Lyke Wake Walk - UKHillwalking
Jul 20, 2022 · For some time the walk was discouraged as it had become too popular, and its route is no longer marked on Ordnance Survey maps. There are so ...Missing: history influence 1949 Act 1950s
[42]
Lyke Wake Walk - Wikipedia
The route commemorates the many corpses carried over the moors on old coffin routes and the ancient burial mounds encountered on the way.Missing: influence 1949 1950s
[43]
[PDF] Ryevitalise Lidar Landscapes - North York Moors National Park
This document summarises the Ryevitalise Lidar Landscapes project, an initiative that enabled local volunteers to complete the archaeological survey of nearly ...Missing: Cleveland 2020s
[44]
[PDF] A case study from the North York Moors National Park
Jun 6, 2025 · This article presents the results of a community LiDAR survey to identify routeways in the northern part of the North York Moors National ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[45]
History of Whitby Abbey | English Heritage
The history of Whitby Abbey, where a Benedictine abbey was founded after the Norman Conquest on the site of an important Anglo-Saxon monastery dating from ...Significance · History and Stories · How Dracula Came to Whitby · ResearchMissing: Captain Cook
[46]
James Cook's Whitby Years, 1746 – 1755 | Captain Cook Society
There were two distinct time frames, that of his three-year apprenticeship at Staithes, and his six years working for the Walkers. Whitby is ten miles southeast ...
[47]
History of Scarborough Castle - English Heritage
The history of Scarborough Castle, where the great royal castle developed by Henry II and his successors was twice besieged during the Civil War.Description of Scarborough... · Significance · Research · Collection Highlights
[48]
Significance of Scarborough Castle | English Heritage
Scarborough played an important role in the Civil War, and is particularly valuable for the unusually detailed account of the first siege preserved in the ...
[49]
Magnificent sea views: another what might have been
Apr 16, 2019 · Ravenscar is the ruin of a town that never was. It is many years now since the abortive attempt to develop this breezy spot – a scheme which ...
[50]
Boulby Alum Quarries and works, Loftus - 1018336 | Historic England
Domestic production began in the north of England in the early 17th century. The industry flourished in the north for 200 years until the mid-19th century ...
[51]
https://ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Coast%2Bto%2BCoast%2BWalk
[52]
About Captain James Cook | VisitWhitby.com
James Cook (1728-1779) was born in the village of Marton near Middlesbrough and later apprenticed to a draper in the small fishing harbour of Staithes.
[53]
Whitby Abbey - English Heritage
The headland has hosted St Hild's Anglo-Saxon monastery, the great medieval abbey and a Stuart mansion, and it's long been the focus of myths and legends. You ...History and Stories · Prices and Opening Times · Things to See and DoMissing: Captain Cook
[54]
http://www.glamoraks.com/blog/a-historic-circular-7-mile-walk-from-helmsley-to-rievaulx-abbey
[55]
Ebor Way - LDWA Long Distance Paths
A relatively gentle walk, taking its name from Eboracum, Roman York. From Helmsley it heads southwards to Hovingham and crosses undulating farmland to ...
[56]
Other long distance walks | NYMNP - North York Moors National Park
A mid-distance 'Regional Route', designed for a long weekend or short walking holiday, the 37-mile (60km) Esk Valley Walk explores this beautiful stretch of ...
[57]
A historic circular 7-mile walk from Helmsley to Rievaulx Abbey
May 5, 2017 · It starts at a long stay carpark in Helmsley, which has the helpful bonus of loos. Whoop! This is the official start of the Cleveland Way, a 109 ...
[58]
Miles without Stiles (for some) Sutton Bank Access Circuit
This 5¼ mile / 8.5km walk uses the Cleveland Way National Trail along the Sutton Bank escarpment, which means you can enjoy outstanding views across the Vale of ...
[59]
What's it like to walk the Cleveland Way? - Live for the Outdoors
Sep 16, 2025 · Some trails have mountains. Some have cliffs and coves and sandy beaches. Some pass through deep, immersive forests, or spend hours crossing ...
[60]
Filey to Scarborough walk - North Yorks coastal walks
Aug 12, 2015 · After taking the bus from Scarborough to Filey, an 11 mile coastal walk back to Scarborough following the Cleveland Way along the cliff ...
[61]
Tabular Hills Walk - LDWA Long Distance Paths
Link through the Tabular Hills connects with the Cleveland Way at Helmsley and the coast near Scalby, completing the circuit of the North York Moors
[62]
Cleveland Way - Leaflets - National Trails
Try a Trail Access Circular – Sutton Bank: This 5¼ mile / 8.5km walk uses the Cleveland Way National Trail along the Sutton Bank escarpment, which means you can ...
[63]
Hardmoors 110
Starting from Filey, it finishes at Helmsley after 110 miles and 6,000 metres of cumulated elevation gain. W=WATER F=FOOD HD=HOT DRINKS DB=DROP BAG. CP 1 ...
[64]
Hardmoors 110 - Running Words
Jun 6, 2025 · The Hardmoors 110 (miles) race probably deserves this title. With 2025 staging its 18 th edition, it started in 2008 as a small race with just 17 finishers.
[65]
A Closer Look at the Post-COVID Running Boom | Runner's Life
Jun 7, 2025 · According to the ARRS data, the peak year for participation was 2014, with a drop-off continuing through 2019. That same trend holds true for ...Missing: Hardmoors | Show results with:Hardmoors
[66]
Hardmoors 110 and 200 2022 - Open Tracking
NEW COURSE RECORD = 110 miles - Eddy Healey 19:23:13.
[67]
Hardmoors 60
The Hardmoors 60 is a 63 mile race on the coast from Guisborough to Filey. The route of the 63 mile race follows the second half of the Hardmoors 110, along ...Missing: Shorter | Show results with:Shorter
[68]
Hardmoors 30
The Hardmoors 30 is a 30ish miles route from Robin Hood's Bay passing through Ravenscar, Hayburn Wyke, Crookness and Scalby Mills on the edge of Scarborough.Missing: Shorter | Show results with:Shorter
[69]
Hardmoors 55 - American Trail Running Association
Series: Hardmoores Race Series ; Type: Ultra ; Participant Limit: 300 ; Percent of the course on un-paved trails: 80% ; First Year of the Event: 2010.Missing: annual | Show results with:annual<|control11|><|separator|>
[70]
Cleveland Way Challenge | 109 miles | 4 days | Easter Bank Holiday
Eventbrite - Endurotrek presents Cleveland Way Challenge | 109 miles | 4 days | Easter Bank Holiday - Friday, 18 April 2025 | Monday, 21 April 2025 at ...
[71]
Endurotrek | Endurance Trekking Adventures UK
CLEVELAND WAY CHALLENGE. 109 miles | 4 days. 3rd-6th, April (Easter Bank Holiday) ; WEST HIGHLAND WAY CHALLENGE. 96 miles | 4 days. 22nd-25th, May (Bank Holiday).Missing: details | Show results with:details
[72]
North York Moors 40-mile Lyke Wake Walk celebrates 70 years - BBC
Oct 2, 2025 · Now in its 70th year, the Lyke Wake Walk is a challenge as much as it is a walk. The route spans 40 miles (64km) between the villages of ...
[73]
Annual Lyke Wake Race Report Results History
The results of the last eight races are available in PDF format. 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014
[74]
13th July 2024: Lyke Wake Challenge - Quakers Running Club
Jul 18, 2024 · The Lyke Wake Challenge starts from near Osmotherley (Sheepwash car park at the top of Cod Beck reservoir) and finishes in Ravenscar village in ...
[75]
A Guide to the Cleveland Way Trail - Crows Nest Holidays
Jun 12, 2013 · The moorland sections of the Cleveland Way provide a habitat for species including red grouse, curlews and Emperor moth caterpillars. The ...
[76]
Birding The Cleveland Way - Yorkshire Coast Nature
Jan 31, 2024 · The Cleveland Way offers birding opportunities including Song Thrushes, Marsh Tits, Redwings, Goldfinches, and birds of prey like Goshawks and ...Missing: mammals | Show results with:mammals
[77]
Whisky, Walks & Wildlife in Filey, the North York Moors and the Wolds
The Cleveland Way: Spirit of the Sea – Three days of whisky, walks and wildlife in seaside Filey, the North York Moors and the Yorkshire Wolds.
[78]
Places to visit along the Cleveland Way
Inhale lungfuls of fresh sea air at Filey Brigg, your starting point on the Cleveland Way. Ripe for rock pooling, Filey Brigg's striking headland stretches ...
[79]
Events on the Cleveland Way - National Trails
Cleveland Way Circular & Linear Walks. Take a look at our circular and linear walks and explore sections of the trail at your own pace. Add your information ...