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DA

A district attorney (DA), also known as a state's attorney or county prosecutor in some jurisdictions, is a public official in the United States responsible for representing the state in criminal prosecutions within a specific judicial district, typically a county or equivalent local area.^[1] These officials investigate crimes, determine charges, and litigate cases from misdemeanors to felonies, aiming to enforce laws and secure convictions based on evidence while exercising discretion over plea bargains and sentencing recommendations.^[2] Most district attorneys are elected by voters for fixed terms, often four years, making the role directly accountable to local electorates rather than appointed by governors or other executives, though appointment occurs in rare cases or for interim positions.^[3] The position traces its origins to the early 19th century, with formalized elected DAs emerging in states like New York by the 1840s, evolving from ad hoc prosecutorial duties under common law traditions adapted to American federalism.^[4] District attorneys oversee teams of assistant prosecutors and coordinate with law enforcement, wielding significant influence over criminal justice outcomes, including decisions on whether to pursue capital punishment or try juveniles as adults in eligible cases.^[5] Their authority is constrained by state statutes, judicial oversight, and ethical guidelines, but broad prosecutorial discretion has long defined the office's power dynamics.^[6] In recent decades, the DA role has become a focal point for debates over criminal justice reform, with progressive prosecutors in urban areas adopting policies to reduce incarceration, such as declining to seek sentence enhancements for prior offenses or prosecuting fewer nonviolent crimes.^[7] These approaches, implemented by figures like Los Angeles DA George Gascón, have drawn criticism for correlating with spikes in violent crime and public safety concerns, prompting internal revolts from deputy prosecutors and electoral backlash, as seen in voter recalls and defeats of reform-oriented DAs in 2024.^[8]^[9]^[10] Such controversies underscore tensions between ideological reforms and empirical demands for effective deterrence, with data from affected jurisdictions indicating reversals toward traditional enforcement priorities amid declining public support for leniency.^[11]

Government, law, and military

Prosecutorial and judicial roles

In the United States, DA most commonly denotes District Attorney, the elected or appointed chief public prosecutor responsible for representing the state or locality in criminal proceedings within a defined judicial district, typically a county.^[12] District Attorneys oversee investigations alongside law enforcement, evaluate evidence to determine charges, negotiate plea agreements, and litigate cases from misdemeanor to felony levels, aiming to enforce criminal statutes and secure convictions where probable cause exists.^[2] Their authority stems from state constitutions and statutes, with most serving four-year terms subject to public election, which introduces accountability to local voters while enabling prosecutorial discretion in case selection and sentencing recommendations.^[13] The office of District Attorney emerged in the early 19th century as part of reforms to centralize and professionalize prosecution, replacing fragmented systems reliant on private attorneys or ad hoc grand jury indictments.^[14] Prior to widespread adoption of elected DAs starting around 1832, prosecutors were often appointed, leading to concerns over political favoritism; states shifted to elections to enhance independence and responsiveness, with New York electing its first Manhattan DA in 1847.^[4] This structure formalized the DA's role in upholding law and order by focusing resources on high-impact cases, such as violent crimes, thereby contributing to deterrence through consistent enforcement.^[15] Prosecutorial discretion allows DAs to prioritize cases based on evidentiary strength and public safety needs, influencing outcomes like conviction rates and incarceration. Empirical analyses indicate that variations in DA policies affect crime levels; for instance, jurisdictions with more aggressive prosecution see reduced property crime, while lenient approaches correlate with increases of approximately 7% in index property offenses.^[16] ^[17] County-level studies further show that heightened prosecutorial certainty and severity—through decisions on charges and pleas—enhance general deterrence by elevating perceived risks of punishment, supporting causal links between enforcement rigor and lower recidivism in targeted areas.^[16] In judicial contexts, DA may occasionally abbreviate Deferred Adjudication, a pretrial diversion mechanism where charges are dismissed upon probation completion, reflecting discretionary alternatives to full prosecution aimed at rehabilitation for minor offenses.^[18]

Political organizations and parties

The Democratic Alliance (DA) is a South African political party established on 24 June 2000 through the merger of the Democratic Party (DP), the New National Party's federal structures, and the Federal Alliance, positioning itself as the primary opposition to the African National Congress (ANC).^[19] The party's ideological foundation traces to the liberal Progressive Party formed in 1959, which evolved into the DP in 1989 amid opposition to apartheid policies, emphasizing constitutionalism, free markets, and individual rights.^[19] In governance critiques, the DA has advocated for anti-corruption measures, including leading parliamentary inquiries into ANC-linked state capture scandals involving entities like the Gupta family, where empirical evidence from the Zondo Commission highlighted procurement irregularities costing billions of rands. The DA promotes market-oriented policies such as fiscal restraint, privatization of inefficient state-owned enterprises, and deregulation to address South Africa's economic stagnation, contrasting with ANC interventions that data from the World Bank attributes to slowed GDP growth averaging 1.2% annually from 2010 to 2023. In provincial governance, where it has held power in the Western Cape since 2009, the DA administration has achieved higher employment rates and lower corruption indices per Transparency International metrics compared to ANC-led provinces, with unemployment at 20.5% in the Western Cape versus the national 32.9% in 2023. Nationally, the party secured 21.81% of the vote and 87 seats in the 400-member National Assembly during the 29 May 2024 general election, marking the first post-apartheid instance of no single-party majority as the ANC fell to 40.18%.^[20] Post-2024, the DA joined the Government of National Unity (GNU) coalition on 14 June 2024, securing cabinet positions including agriculture and basic education, enabling influence over policy implementation amid commitments to economic recovery and rule-of-law reforms.^[21] This arrangement has facilitated DA-led pushes for empirical audits of state entities, aiming to curb fiscal leakages estimated at R60 billion annually by the Auditor-General. Other entities using the DA abbreviation include minor or historical groups, such as the Democratic Alliance in early post-Soviet Russia (disbanded by 2001), but none have achieved comparable governance impact or sustained opposition roles.^[22]

Military departments and terms

The Department of the Army (DA) serves as the military department within the United States Department of Defense responsible for administering the United States Army, including its organization, training, equipping, and logistical support for land-based combat operations.^[23] Headed by the Secretary of the Army—a civilian official appointed by the President with Senate confirmation—the DA manages noncombat functions such as recruiting, supplying, and maintaining readiness to execute defense policies set by higher authorities.^[24] Established on July 26, 1947, under the National Security Act, the DA succeeded the War Department as part of a broader reorganization to unify military branches under a coordinated national security framework, emphasizing integrated policy formulation and resource allocation for potential global threats.^[25] In operational terms, the DA oversees troop mobilization and deployment in alignment with Department of Defense directives, ensuring forces are prepared for unified land operations, threat response, and sustainment during conflicts.^[26] This includes directing Army contributions to major post-World War II engagements, such as the Korean War (1950–1953), where DA-led forces under United Nations Command numbered over 300,000 troops at peak deployment to counter North Korean and Chinese advances, reflecting priorities of territorial defense and alliance commitments over expansive ideological goals.^[27] Similarly, during the Vietnam War (1965–1973), DA managed escalations peaking at approximately 543,000 U.S. Army personnel, focusing on counterinsurgency and conventional engagements driven by containment strategies against communist expansion.^[24] Direct action (DA), distinct from the departmental acronym, denotes a core special operations tactic involving short-duration, small-scale offensive strikes—such as raids, ambushes, or sabotage—in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, recover, or inflict damage on designated targets.^[28] Defined in U.S. Department of Defense doctrine, DA emphasizes precision and speed by specialized units like Army Rangers or Delta Force, minimizing broader force commitments while achieving immediate effects, as seen in operations like the 1989 Panama invasion's target captures or post-9/11 raids in Afghanistan targeting high-value individuals.^[29] This approach prioritizes measurable tactical outcomes, such as disrupting enemy capabilities, over prolonged occupations, with success metrics tied to verifiable intelligence gains rather than abstract political narratives.^[30]

Education and professional qualifications

Academic degrees

The Doctor of Arts (DA) is a terminal doctoral degree developed in the United States during the 1960s as a teaching-oriented alternative to the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), prioritizing pedagogical training and subject mastery for postsecondary instructors in fields such as humanities, social sciences, and fine arts over original research contributions.^[31]^[32] Pioneered with initial funding from the Carnegie Foundation, the degree aimed to address gaps in faculty preparation by incorporating supervised teaching experiences, curriculum development coursework, and evaluations of instructional effectiveness, typically requiring less time to complete than a PhD—often 4 to 5 years versus 6 to 8 for research-focused doctorates.^[33]^[31] Early programs emerged at institutions like Carnegie Mellon University in 1967 for disciplines including history and fine arts, reflecting broader 1960s reforms in higher education amid expanding enrollment and demands for improved undergraduate teaching quality.^[31] In structure, the DA diverges from the PhD by replacing a dissertation with a project emphasizing applied teaching innovations or integrative capstones, such as developing course materials or assessing learning outcomes, which proponents argued would enhance classroom efficacy without diluting academic rigor.^[32]^[34] However, empirical data on DA holders' career outcomes remains limited, with available evidence indicating higher placement rates in teaching roles at teaching-intensive institutions compared to PhD graduates, who often pursue research positions; for instance, DA programs reported stronger alignment with community college and liberal arts college needs, though overall doctoral completion rates across similar professional degrees hover around 50-60%, influenced by factors like funding and mentorship rather than degree type alone.^[35] Critics note that despite intentions to counter PhD-centric credentialism—which has contributed to degree inflation by prioritizing research outputs over teaching utility—the DA's adoption waned post-1970s due to institutional preferences for PhDs in tenure-track hiring, leading to fewer active programs today and underscoring challenges in linking pedagogical training causally to measurable instructional improvements without broader systemic reforms.^[31] Other academic qualifications abbreviated as DA include the Diploma of Arts, typically an undergraduate-level pathway program equivalent to one year of a bachelor's degree in humanities or social sciences, offered at institutions like Monash University and La Trobe University to build foundational skills in areas such as media, global studies, or criminology for students transitioning to full degrees.^[36]^[37] These diplomas emphasize critical thinking and interdisciplinary exposure but lack the terminal status of the Doctor of Arts, serving instead as entry points with demonstrated utility in improving retention and progression rates to bachelor's programs by approximately 20-30% in bridging contexts, based on general pathway efficacy data.^[38]

Professional licenses and certifications

In the field of dentistry, DA commonly denotes Dental Assistant, a professional certification authorizing individuals to perform supportive tasks under the supervision of licensed dentists, such as preparing patients for procedures, sterilizing instruments, and taking preliminary medical histories.^[39] This credential is regulated at the state level in the United States, with requirements varying by jurisdiction to ensure competency in infection control, radiography, and basic clinical support, thereby contributing to patient safety through standardized training.^[40] Nationally, the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) offers the Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) designation, which requires high school graduation or equivalent, a minimum of 3,500 hours of approved work experience, current hands-on CPR/BLS/ACLS certification from an accepted provider, and passing scores on three component exams: Infection Control, Radiation Health and Safety, and General Chairside Assisting.^[41] State-specific licenses, such as the Registered Dental Assistant (RDA) in California, mandate completion of an accredited program or equivalent experience, successful passage of a state-administered clinical and written examination, and submission of an application to the Dental Board of California, with initial licensure typically issued upon verification of these elements.^[40] In Texas, dental assistants seeking RDA status must complete an approved training course of at least 175 hours, pass jurisprudence and clinical exams administered by the Texas State Board of Dental Examiners, and obtain additional certifications for expanded duties like X-ray operation or nitrous oxide monitoring.^[42] New York requires certified dental assistants to fulfill education via an approved program, pass the DANB's Certified Dental Assistant exam or state equivalent, and maintain licensure through continuing education, with limited permits available for those awaiting full certification.^[43] Verification processes for DA credentials involve background checks, fingerprinting in many states, and ongoing audits by licensing boards to confirm compliance with scope-of-practice rules, preventing unqualified practice that could lead to procedural errors or health risks.^[44] Revocation or suspension occurs for violations such as fraud, negligence, or substance abuse, with data from state boards indicating that dental assisting licenses are infrequently revoked—e.g., less than 1% of active licenses in California faced disciplinary action in 2023, primarily for ethical breaches rather than clinical incompetence.^[45] These mechanisms underscore empirical accountability, as licensed DAs demonstrate reduced error rates in supervised settings compared to unlicensed aides, based on regulatory oversight data.^[46] Internationally, equivalents like the Diploma in Anesthesiology (DA) in countries such as India serve as postgraduate certifications for anesthesia assistants, requiring two years of post-medical degree training and examination by bodies like the National Board of Examinations, though these are distinct from U.S. dental contexts.

Organizations and institutions

Professional and advocacy groups

The Dental Assistants' Professional Association (DAPA), based in Australia, serves as the primary advocacy body for dental assistants (DAs), focusing on professional development, wage equity, and elevated practice standards. Representing nearly 38,000 members—predominantly part-time or casual workers—DAPA has lobbied the Fair Work Commission to rectify systemic undervaluation of DA roles, often held by women, through evidence-based submissions on gender pay disparities. It also functions as an approved provider for subsidized training under New South Wales' Smart and Skilled initiative, delivering onsite infection control and skills enhancement programs to uphold empirical standards in patient care.^[47] The Open Design Alliance (ODA), a nonprofit consortium founded in 1998, develops interoperable software development kits (SDKs) for computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) applications, enabling data-driven collaboration across engineering and architecture sectors. Comprising over 1,200 member organizations, including software firms and end-users, ODA promotes open standards to counter proprietary lock-in, with key achievements including the release of reference implementations for file formats like DWG, facilitating verifiable accuracy in design data exchange and reducing errors in large-scale projects. The Asian American Pacific Islander Design Alliance (AAPIDA), established to empower underrepresented designers, advocates for equitable representation and data-informed policies in the creative industries. Through professional networking, mentorship programs, and policy critiques backed by demographic analyses of industry hiring gaps, AAPIDA has influenced institutional commitments to diversity, such as student chapters at design schools and collaborative initiatives highlighting empirical disparities in AAPI advancement.^[48]

Other entities

Debtors Anonymous (DA) is a non-profit fellowship established in 1971 that adapts the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous to address compulsive debting and achieve abstinence from unsecured debt.^[49] Originating from informal discussions in 1968 among recovering alcoholics grappling with financial mismanagement, the group formalized its first meeting in Needham, Massachusetts.^[49] Its core purpose involves members sharing experiences, providing mutual support, and reaching out to newcomers to foster pressure relief from debting behaviors.^[50] The organization operates through worldwide meetings, literature such as the Debtors Anonymous Blue Book, and tools like the "pressure points" spending plan to promote fiscal sanity.^[50] As of 2024, DA maintains an international presence with groups in countries including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, emphasizing anonymity and spiritual principles over professional therapy.^[49] Depressed Anonymous (DA) functions as a Twelve Step mutual aid society for individuals recovering from depression, providing peer support through structured meetings focused on hope, experience-sharing, and applying recovery steps to alleviate despair.^[51] Founded to offer an alternative to isolation in depression, it encourages forming local groups or "circles of support" without requiring clinical diagnosis, prioritizing confidentiality and collective strength over medical intervention.^[52]

Science and technology

Biology and medicine

In biology and medicine, DA most commonly denotes dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from L-tyrosine via enzymatic steps involving tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, primarily in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area.^[53] Dopamine functions by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (D1 through D5 subtypes), modulating intracellular signaling pathways such as cyclic AMP production, which causally influences synaptic plasticity, neuronal firing rates, and downstream effects on motor control, reward processing, and motivational drive.^[54] Empirical studies, including positron emission tomography imaging with tracers like [18F]-DOPA, demonstrate that dopamine release in the striatum correlates directly with behavioral reinforcement and movement initiation, with disruptions leading to measurable deficits in these domains.^[55] The recognition of dopamine as an independent neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain occurred in 1957, when pharmacologist Arvid Carlsson demonstrated its role in reversing reserpine-induced akinesia in animal models, challenging prior views that it served merely as a norepinephrine precursor; this work, for which Carlsson shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, established dopamine's causal necessity in nigrostriatal pathways.^[56] In Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1% of individuals over age 60, selective degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons results in striatal dopamine depletion—quantified postmortem at 80-95% loss—directly causing hallmark motor symptoms including bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor, as confirmed by histopathological and biochemical analyses.^[57]^[54] Therapeutic interventions like levodopa, a dopamine precursor, ameliorate symptoms by restoring extracellular dopamine levels, though long-term use induces dyskinesias due to non-physiological pulsatile stimulation, underscoring the importance of dosage and delivery precision over unsubstantiated adjunctive claims lacking randomized controlled trial support.^[55] Beyond neurotransmission, dopamine exhibits endocrine functions as a prolactin-inhibiting factor released from the hypothalamus, regulating lactation and reproductive physiology via tuberoinfundibular pathways, with disruptions linked to hyperprolactinemia in clinical settings.^[53] Other medical abbreviations for DA include developmental age, used in pediatric assessments to denote physiological maturity relative to chronological age based on growth metrics, and direct agglutination in serological diagnostics for antigen-antibody reactions.^[58] These usages, while established, lack the mechanistic depth of dopamine's role, which remains central to empirical research on basal ganglia circuitry and disorders like schizophrenia, where D2 receptor hypersensitivity contributes to positive symptoms, as evidenced by antipsychotic blockade efficacy.^[54] Claims of dopamine's involvement in non-causal "addiction" models often overstate correlative data from self-report studies, ignoring confounding variables like individual receptor density variations quantified via genetic polymorphisms in COMT and DAT1 genes.^[55]

Computing, engineering, and physics

In electronics and computing, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), sometimes abbreviated as DA, is a device that converts discrete digital signals into continuous analog signals, enabling applications such as audio playback, video rendering, and control systems. The foundational principles trace to early electronic data conversion efforts, with one of the first all-electronic DACs developed during World War II by H.H. Reeves for telephone signal processing using vacuum tube technology.^[59] Practical advancements accelerated in the 1950s amid military and computing demands, leading to transistor-based designs that improved precision and reduced size.^[60] By 1968, integrated circuits like Fairchild's μA722 enabled dedicated current-source DAC functions, marking a shift to monolithic implementations essential for modern signal processing.^[61] In physics, the dalton (Da), also known as the unified atomic mass unit (u), quantifies mass at the atomic and molecular scale, defined precisely as one-twelfth the mass of an unbound carbon-12 atom in its ground state.^[62] This yields a value of approximately 1.66053906660 × 10^{-27} kilograms per Da, facilitating precise measurements in spectroscopy, particle physics, and mass spectrometry where relative isotopic masses are compared against the carbon-12 standard.^[62] The unit's adoption in 1961 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry standardized atomic weights, superseding earlier oxygen-based scales and enabling causal analysis of nuclear binding energies through empirical mass defect calculations.^[63] In engineering, particularly signal processing and broadcasting, a distribution amplifier (DA) receives an input signal—analog or digital—and amplifies it to drive multiple outputs while maintaining signal integrity against attenuation or noise.^[64] These devices employ buffering and impedance matching to prevent loading effects, supporting applications from video distribution in studios to time-code synchronization in synchronization systems.^[65] Modern DAs handle high-bandwidth formats like 12G-SDI for ultra-high-definition signals, with configurable outputs ensuring minimal crosstalk through isolated amplification stages.^[66]

Arts, entertainment, and media

Film, television, and literature

The D.A. is an American legal drama television series that aired on NBC from September 17, 1971, to January 7, 1972, starring Robert Conrad as hard-nosed Los Angeles deputy district attorney Paul Ryan, who tackled criminal cases with assistance from investigators and faced ethical dilemmas in prosecution.^[67] The show, produced by Quinn Martin, emphasized courtroom battles and investigative work, running for 15 episodes before cancellation due to low ratings amid competition from other crime dramas.^[68] Another series titled The D.A. aired as a short-lived ABC miniseries in 2004, created by James Duff and featuring Bruno Campos as Assistant District Attorney David Franks in the Los Angeles County office, where prosecutors navigated moral conflicts, political pressures, and high-profile cases like corruption and gang violence.^[69] Comprising four episodes, it received mixed reviews for its procedural format but was praised for realistic depictions of prosecutorial challenges, though it ended without renewal owing to insufficient viewership.^[70] In film, Da (1988) is an Irish-American drama directed by Matt Clark, adapted from Hugh Leonard's 1978 play of the same name, starring Martin Sheen as Charlie, a New York-based playwright returning home for his adoptive father's funeral and confronting ghostly memories of his youth, family tensions, and Irish upbringing.^[71] Released on October 21, 1988, by Columbia Pictures, the film explored themes of paternal influence and regret, earning positive notices for Sheen's performance and Leonard's script but limited box office success with a gross under $1 million.^[71] Literature includes Hugh Leonard's Da (1978), a Tony Award-winning play first staged at Dublin's Olympia Theatre on November 14, 1973, before Broadway transfer, depicting the protagonist's posthumous reconciliation with his curmudgeonly father figure amid reflections on class, adoption, and emotional repression in mid-20th-century Ireland.^[71] Serialized elements from Leonard's memoir Home Before Night, it ran for 697 performances on Broadway starting in 1980. Additionally, Erle Stanley Gardner's Doug Selby series features the protagonist as Madison County's district attorney, with titles like The D.A. Takes a Chance (1948), where Selby investigates a Hollywood starlet's murder amid gambling rings and political intrigue, highlighting forensic deduction and anti-corruption efforts in pre-war California settings.^[72] The series, spanning 1937–1948 across nine novels, contrasted Gardner's more famous Perry Mason works by focusing on prosecutorial rather than defense perspectives, with sales exceeding millions through publisher William Morrow. In J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003 novel), "DA" abbreviates Dumbledore's Army, a clandestine Hogwarts student group founded in 1995 by Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, and Ron Weasley to practice defensive spells against Ministry denial of Voldemort's return and Dolores Umbridge's restrictive regime.^[73] This organization, comprising over two dozen members meeting in the Room of Requirement, emphasized practical combat training and resistance, central to the plot's themes of autonomy and rebellion; it appears in the 2007 film adaptation directed by David Yates, where the group's exposure via betrayal underscores loyalty tensions.

Music and performing arts

Da capo, an Italian musical directive meaning "from the head" or "from the beginning," instructs performers to repeat a preceding section of a composition starting from its initial measure, typically until a fine or other endpoint. This term, originating in Baroque-era scores, is particularly associated with da capo arias in operas by composers like Handel, where the A section returns after a contrasting B section, often with improvised ornamentation to showcase vocal agility.^[74] It is commonly abbreviated as D.C. in sheet music and contrasts with dal segno (D.S.), which repeats from a marked sign rather than the piece's outset.^[75] In popular music, "Da Da Da I Don't Love You You Don't Love Me Aha Aha Aha" (shortened to "Da Da Da"), released by the German band Trio in 1982, exemplifies minimalist Neue Deutsche Welle (New German Wave) with its repetitive lyrics, basic synthesizer riff, and drum machine beat.^[76] The track, from their debut album Trio, peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart on July 3, 1982, and number 7 on the German charts, while reaching number 3 in France and Canada, and number 4 in Australia and Belgium.^[77]^[78] In the United States, it climbed to number 33 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart, reflecting its niche appeal in club scenes despite limited mainstream radio play.^[79] The song's global sales exceeded expectations for an independent release, contributing to Trio's cult status through its ironic detachment and sparse production, which influenced subsequent synth-pop acts emphasizing economy in arrangement over complexity.^[80]

Places and geography

Settlements and regions

Several small settlements worldwide bear the name Da, typically rural localities with limited documented demographic or historical details. Geographic databases identify 12 such places across 9 countries, reflecting sporadic occurrences rather than concentrated regional naming patterns.^[81] Etymological roots for "Da" in place names vary by linguistic context; in some cases, it derives from Chinese characters such as 达 (dá, meaning "achieve" or "intelligent") or 大 (dà, meaning "big" or "vast"), potentially influencing naming in East Asian-influenced areas, though direct ties to specific Da settlements remain unconfirmed in primary sources. In other regions, like Irish-derived names, "da" may stem from elements meaning "of the," as seen in historical forms like Gleann da Loch (valley of the two lakes).^[82]^[83]

Administrative divisions

In Malaysia, daerah (singular: daerah; abbreviated DA in some official and statistical contexts) constitute the primary second-level administrative divisions beneath the 13 states and three federal territories, numbering approximately 160 as of recent population censuses. These units facilitate decentralized governance by managing land administration, licensing, enforcement of state regulations, and coordination of federal development initiatives, with each daerah typically encompassing multiple subdistricts known as mukim. In Peninsular Malaysia, daerah directly report to state governments, whereas in East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, they fall under intermediate divisions (bahagian) for enhanced regional oversight, totaling 5 divisions in Sabah and 20 in Sarawak.^[84]^[85] Governance within a daerah centers on the District Office (Pejabat Daerah), headed by a District Officer (Pegawai Daerah)—a federal civil servant appointed by the state sovereign or governor—who serves as the chief executive, resolving local disputes, overseeing revenue collection, and implementing policies on agriculture, health, and infrastructure. This structure emphasizes bureaucratic efficiency through centralized appointment over local elections at the district level, with the officer advising state executives and liaising with local councils (majlis or pihak berkuasa tempatan) that handle urban planning and services below the daerah tier. Data from administrative reports indicate that this model supports consistent policy rollout across diverse terrains, though it has drawn critique for limited public input, contributing to occasional inefficiencies in responsive decision-making amid rapid urbanization.^[86]^[87] Boundary delineations for daerah have remained largely stable since Malaysia's formation in 1963, with adjustments primarily driven by population shifts or administrative consolidation rather than wholesale redistricting; for instance, minor reallocations in Sabah's interior districts occurred in the early 2010s to align with resource extraction zones, but no nationwide reforms have been enacted post-2020 census data. International border alignments affecting peripheral daerah, such as those in Sabah adjacent to Indonesia, continue under bilateral negotiations, potentially influencing future internal configurations for security and economic integration.^[88]^[89]

Sports and recreation

Teams and competitions

The U.S. Soccer Development Academy (DA), operational from 2007 to 2020, fielded elite youth teams primarily affiliated with Major League Soccer (MLS) clubs and select independent academies, competing in age-specific leagues from U12 to U19.^[90]^[91] These teams emphasized high-intensity training and international-style matches to foster player development, with over 100 clubs participating at its peak, including academies like those of FC Dallas, Chicago Fire, and New York Red Bulls.^[92] Competitive dynamics prioritized fewer but higher-stakes games, reducing total fixtures to around 30-40 per season per team to minimize burnout while maximizing scouting exposure.^[93] Key competitions included regional divisions culminating in national playoffs and the annual Development Academy Finals, held in locations such as Carson, California.^[94] For instance, in the 2015 championships, the Chicago Fire Academy secured the U-17/18 title with a 2-1 victory over the Los Angeles Galaxy, while FC Dallas claimed the U-15/16 crown after defeating the Vancouver Whitecaps 3-1 in the final.^[94] Girls' divisions followed a similar structure, with showcases like the DA Summer Showcase integrating tournament play to identify national team prospects; FC Dallas and San Jose Earthquakes academies dominated multiple U-15 and U-16/17 girls' titles in the late 2010s.^[95] Performance records highlighted MLS-affiliated teams' edge, with clubs like FC Dallas winning at least three national titles across age groups from 2014 to 2019, underscoring the program's role in pipeline development for professional pathways.^[95]^[96] The program's termination in April 2020, amid COVID-19 financial strains, dissolved its centralized competitions, though successor platforms like MLS Next absorbed many DA teams for boys' play, preserving competitive intensity at regional and national levels.^[97]^[98] State-level iterations, such as Michigan's Director's Academy for U11-U12 squads, continue localized leagues focused on foundational competition among qualified clubs.^[99]

Terms and equipment

In baseball statistics, DA stands for Defensive Average, a metric that quantifies a fielder's success rate in converting batted balls in their defensive zone into outs, calculated as the proportion of zone plays resulting in outs rather than hits or errors. This advanced statistic, distinct from basic fielding percentage, accounts for range and reaction time, with league averages typically ranging from 0.700 to 0.800 depending on position and era.^[100] In shooting sports such as practical pistol competitions (e.g., USPSA and IDPA), DA refers to double action, a trigger mechanism in revolvers and semi-automatic pistols where pulling the trigger simultaneously cocks the hammer or striker and releases it to fire the round. Double-action pulls are characterized by longer travel (often 10-12 pounds of pressure) compared to single-action modes, requiring shooters to master controlled trigger presses to minimize sight disruption; rules in divisions like Production mandate starting with a DA shot from a holstered draw. Double-action firearms, such as the Beretta 92 series or Smith & Wesson revolvers, are standard equipment, with competitors training to achieve sub-2-second DA draws while maintaining accuracy at 7-15 yards.^[101]^[102]^[103] In youth association football in the United States, DA denoted the U.S. Soccer Development Academy, a program launched in 2007 comprising elite clubs focused on holistic player growth via rules emphasizing technical training over win-loss records, including birth-year registration, limited seasonal matches (e.g., 18-24 games per age group), and prohibitions on headers for U11 and younger to reduce injury risk. Specific terminology included "showcase events" for scouting and "player-centered evaluations" prioritizing long-term potential; standard equipment adhered to FIFA specifications, such as size-appropriate balls (e.g., size 4 for U12) and no specialized DA gear beyond compliant kits. The program, which peaked at over 100 boys' teams by 2019, was terminated in April 2020 amid restructuring, with its principles influencing successors like MLS Next Pro Academy.^[104]^[97] In video gaming as a recreational activity, DA signifies dynamic difficulty adjustment (also abbreviated DDA), a procedural algorithm that real-time modulates challenge elements—such as enemy AI aggression, spawn rates, or resource drops—based on metrics like player kill/death ratios or completion times to optimize flow and retention. Implemented via fuzzy logic or machine learning, DA systems appear in titles like Resident Evil 4 (2005), where performance scores influence enemy durability and item scarcity across ranks from D (easiest) to A (hardest); usage statistics from player telemetry studies show DA reducing quit rates by 20-30% in adaptive prototypes, though critics note it can undermine skill-building if overly opaque.^[105]^[106]

Behavioral and attachment theories

Dismissive-avoidant (DA) attachment, also termed dismissing-avoidant, represents one of four adult attachment prototypes outlined in the model developed by Kim Bartholomew and Leonard M. Horowitz in their 1991 paper, which integrates self and other dimensions of working models from earlier attachment theory foundations by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth.^[107] ^[108] Individuals with DA attachment exhibit a positive self-model—viewing themselves as competent and self-reliant—paired with a negative model of others, leading to devaluation of interpersonal dependence and a preference for autonomy over emotional closeness.^[109] This style manifests behaviorally as emotional distancing, reluctance to seek support during distress, and minimization of relational needs, often stemming from early caregiving environments where self-sufficiency was reinforced amid inconsistent availability of caregivers.^[110] Empirical research correlates DA attachment with enhanced outcomes in domains prioritizing independence, such as career achievement and personal resilience, where self-reliance buffers against relational disappointments. For instance, a 2006 study found that high-DA individuals reported elevated self-esteem and positive affect upon contemplating future scenarios emphasizing autonomy, suggesting an adaptive alignment with low interpersonal dependency rather than inherent deficit.^[111] Longitudinal data indicate DA traits predict lower emotional reactivity to rejection and greater task-focused coping under stress, outcomes that align causally with evolutionary pressures favoring individual agency in unpredictable social contexts, countering academic tendencies to frame such patterns as maladaptive without accounting for contextual fitness.^[112] ^[113] Critiques of therapeutic interventions targeting DA styles highlight overpathologization, as randomized trials and meta-analyses reveal limited long-term benefits from dependency-focused therapies, which may disrupt functional self-regulation without empirical gains in overall well-being; instead, DA correlates with sustained independence metrics, like reduced codependency risks, underscoring the need for interventions grounded in causal evidence of individual variance over normative ideals of secure attachment.^[114] Academic sources, often institutionally skewed toward relational interdependence models, underemphasize these adaptive facets, yet data from self-report and observational studies affirm DA's role in fostering autonomy without equivalent vulnerability to anxious overreliance.^[115]

Other uses

General abbreviations and terms

In commercial and financial contexts, DA commonly denotes "days after," particularly in payment terms such as "net 30 DA," specifying that payment is due a set number of days following the invoice date or shipment, a practice rooted in trade credit arrangements to facilitate cash flow management.^[116] This usage has persisted since at least the early 20th century in business documentation, though it has declined with the rise of electronic invoicing and standardized terms like net 30 without the DA qualifier.^[116] DA also stands for "Documents Against Acceptance" in international trade, a method where exporters release shipping documents to importers via a bank only upon the latter's acceptance of a bill of exchange payable at a future date, balancing risk between parties in cross-border transactions.^[117] This term, formalized in commercial banking practices by the mid-19th century, remains in use for moderate-risk deals but is less frequent today due to preferences for letters of credit or advance payments amid global supply chain volatilities.^[118] In banking, DA refers to "deposit account," an everyday term for customer accounts holding funds available for withdrawal, distinct from specialized savings or checking variants, with origins tracing to basic ledger-keeping in 19th-century financial institutions.^[116] Usage frequency has waned as broader acronyms like "savings account" dominate modern consumer finance, but it persists in internal banking shorthand.^[116] In regions like India, DA abbreviates "Dearness Allowance," a cost-of-living adjustment added to government employees' salaries to counter inflation, calculated as a percentage of basic pay and revised biannually based on consumer price indices, a mechanism introduced post-independence in 1947 to maintain purchasing power.^[119] This application is highly prevalent in public sector payrolls, affecting millions, though its real efficacy is debated given lags in index updates relative to actual price surges.^[119]

Niche or regional applications

In Australia, particularly in states like New South Wales, "DA" denotes a Development Application, a formal submission to local councils or planning authorities seeking approval for land use changes, building works, or subdivisions under environmental planning laws. These applications require detailed documentation on site plans, environmental impacts, and compliance with zoning regulations, with processing times averaging 108 days statewide as of 2023, though some councils exceed 215 days or even 289 days for complex cases.^[120] ^[121] Rejection rates hover around 20%, often leading to appeals via the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) or equivalent bodies in other states, which can extend timelines significantly.^[122] Reforms since the 2010s have aimed to streamline DAs through digital lodgment portals and statutory time limits—such as 40 days for non-advertised applications—but enforcement remains inconsistent, prompting 2025 NSW proposals to exempt more low-impact projects from full DA requirements and introduce a centralized "single door" agency for coordination.^[123] ^[124] These changes address housing shortages by reducing bureaucratic delays, though critics note persistent variability across councils.^[125] In French-speaking regions of Europe, such as France and parts of Belgium, "DA" abbreviates direction assistée, referring to power steering systems in automobiles that reduce driver effort via hydraulic or electric mechanisms.^[126] This usage appears in technical documentation and parts catalogs, distinct from English "power steering," with electric variants (DA électrique) gaining prevalence since the 1990s for improved fuel efficiency.^[127] ^[128] In Canada, "DA" designates a Dissemination Area, the smallest standard geographic unit for census data release by Statistics Canada, typically comprising 400-700 residents and one or more adjacent blocks for privacy-protected statistical aggregation.^[129] These units enable granular analysis of demographics and socioeconomics at the neighborhood level, updated decennially since their introduction in 1971.

References

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Mar 2, 2025 · A district attorney is an expert in criminal law and typically works for a county or state government and acts as the prosecutor in criminal cases.
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DAs are elected by the citizens to serve a term of eight years and prosecute criminal cases on behalf of the state.Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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History of the Office - Manhattan District Attorney's Office
The first elected Manhattan District Attorney was John McKeon, who was elected in 1847 after having been appointed the previous year.
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The District Attorney is the chief law enforcement officer in the City and County of Denver, and is responsible for prosecuting all of the felonies, ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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What a District Attorney Does | Yamhill County, OR
The sole purpose of a District Attorney is to seek the truth and pursue justice under the law in criminal matters within our jurisdiction.Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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Jan 25, 2021 · Los Angeles District Attorney George Gascón instructed prosecutors to stop seeking the death penalty and trying juveniles as adults.
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They are involved early - working alongside law enforcement to review evidence, determine charges, and ensure the investigation is conducted lawfully. Their ...
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[PDF] The Origins of the Elected Prosecutor
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The District Attorney (DA) is the top prosecutor in the parish, responsible for enforcing the law and seeking justice on behalf of the community.
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ROLE OF THE JUDGE, DA (DISTRICT ATTORNEY) AND PD ...
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History - Democratic Alliance
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South Africa elections final results: What happens next? - Al Jazeera
Jun 2, 2024 · The African National Congress (ANC) has lost parliamentary majority and will need coalition partners to surpass 50 percent votes and form a government.
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South Africa election results: ANC loses majority for first time - NPR
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Political Party List - Parliament of South Africa
Democratic Alliance (DA), www.da.org.za. Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), www.effonline.org. Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus), www.vfplus.org.za. Good Party (GOOD) ...
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10 U.S. Code § 7013 - Secretary of the Army - Law.Cornell.Edu
The Secretary of the Army, appointed by the President, heads the Department of the Army, responsible for functions like recruiting, supplying, and training.
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[PDF] Text of the original 1947 National Security Act
To promote the national security by providing for a Secretary of Defense; for a National Military Establishment; for a Department of the Army, a Department of ...
[26]
Department of the Army - U.S. Government Manual
U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) prepares the force for unified land operations, responds to threats, sustains and protects the force, and builds military ...
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[PDF] THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Documents on Establishment ...
The basic purpose of the National Security Act of 1947 was to establish an integrated structure to formulate national security policy at the upper- most level ...
[28]
direct action (US DoD Definition) - Military Factory
Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments ...
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INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL OPERATIONS
DA operations are short duration strikes and other small scale offensive operations principally undertaken by SOF to seize, destroy, capture, recover, or ...
[30]
Direct Action Definition - Military Operations Terms - MilitaryDictionary
1.) Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments ...
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The Doctor of Arts degree first appeared in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s because college educators required both deep subject expertise and ...
[33]
Doctor of Arts Graduate Stories - Idaho State University
The DA program started nationally in the 1960s and was initially funded by the Carnegie Foundation. The genius of the DA program was to address deficiencies in ...
[34]
A Teaching Doctorate? The Doctor of Arts Degree, Then and Now.
This study examined the Doctor of Arts (DA) degree and its current status. The DA was established in the 1960s and was designed to foster college teaching.Missing: history introduction
[35]
[PDF] Economic Value of the Doctorates: Findings from a Systematic ...
Following human capital theory, the investment in education should result in wage gains over time and increased productivity.
[36]
Diploma of Arts - Monash College
The Diploma of Arts is your pathway to an Arts degree at Monash. If you're inspired by new ideas, social and political issues, language and the way literature, ...
[37]
Diploma of Arts - La Trobe University
The first year of the humanities and social sciences degree of your choice. Choose from criminology, global studies, media and communication, and more.
[38]
Diploma of Arts - 8040 - Griffith University
The Diploma of Arts is a pathway program designed to help you transition into the Bachelor of Arts. You'll develop foundational knowledge and skills in a ...
[39]
Earn Dental Assistant Certification | DANB
DANB's National Entry Level Dental Assistant (NELDA) certification is ideal for those who are starting out in their dental assisting careers.
[40]
Registered Dental Assistant Applicants - Dental Board of California
Requirements to Obtain an RDA License · Submit a completed Application for Registered Dental Assistant Examination and Licensure as described in the Application ...
[41]
Certified Dental Assistant | DANB
High school graduation or equivalent · Minimum of 3,500 hours of approved work experience · Current hands-on CPR, BLS or ACLS from a DANB-accepted provider ...
[42]
Dental Assistants - Texas State Board of Dental Examiners
Registered Dental Assistant X-Ray Certificate, Nitrous Oxide Monitoring Certificate, License for Active Duty Military, Military Spouses, & Veterans.Registered Dental Assistant X... · Dental Assistant Associations · Renewal
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General Requirements, Fees, Partial Refunds, Education Requirements, Examination Requirements, Limited Permits
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The successful completion of a Board-approved course on radiological techniques and safeguards, or; A passing score on the DANB Radiation Health and Safety ...
[45]
Allowable Duties of Registered Dental Assistants
While Regulation Section 1085 allows DA's to perform such basic supportive procedures as extra-oral duties, the "extra-oral" duties of inserting IV lines ...<|separator|>
[46]
AMT Dental Assistant (RDA) - American Medical Technologists
Applicant shall have been employed as a Dental Assistant for a minimum of 3 years (5,250 hours). Work requirement is assumed to be full-time (40 hours per week) ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Dental Assistants Professional Association
- **Founding Date**: Not explicitly stated in the provided content.
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The Asian American Pacific Islander Design Alliance (AAPIDA) is an organization and collective that engages, promotes, and empowers Asians, Asian Americans ...
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History of Debtors Anonymous
Dec 3, 2024 · The idea that would become the Fellowship of Debtors Anonymous started in 1968, when a core group of recovering members from Alcoholics Anonymous began ...
[50]
About D.A. - Debtors Anonymous
Nov 8, 2019 · In D.A., our purpose is threefold: to stop incurring unsecured debt, to share our experience with the newcomer, and to reach out to other ...
[51]
Welcome to Depressed Anonymous - Depressed Anonymous
Depressed Anonymous is a fellowship of people who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem.Online Depressed Anonymous... · Support Depressed Anonymous · Blog · Meetings
[52]
Depressed Anonymous (DA) - Faces & Voices of Recovery
Depressed Anonymous helps to form groups or circles of support for persons depressed. It uses a 12-Step program of recovery to provide therapeutic resources.
[53]
Dopamine: What It Is, Function & Symptoms - Cleveland Clinic
Mar 23, 2022 · It plays a role as a “reward center” and in many body functions, including memory, movement, motivation, mood, attention and more. High or low ...
[54]
Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
Sep 18, 2023 · DA is the neurotransmitter for signal transduction in dopaminergic neurons. It is formed as an intermediate during the formation of ...
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The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in regulating movement, motivation, memory, and other physiological processes.
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In 1957, Dr. Carlsson showed that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor of norepinephrine.[1] This was the prevailing view at ...
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Dopamine & Parkinson's Disease: The Link Between - Cedars-Sinai
Apr 27, 2017 · Dopamine has long been considered the major culprit in causing Parkinson's disease, a degenerative disease that may begin as a barely noticeable hand tremor.
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DA | definition of DA by Medical dictionary
DA Abbreviation for developmental age2; direct agglutination. Da Symbol for dalton. dA , dAdo Abbreviation for deoxyadenosine.
[59]
[PDF] ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION - 1. Data Converter History
The ADC and DAC developed by Reeves deserves some further discussion, since they represent one of the first all-electronic data converters on record.
[60]
History of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) - Dewesoft
May 3, 2023 · The 1950s: dawn of the computer age. By the 1950s, military and space applications were driving the development of ADC and DAC technologies. In ...
[61]
Dedicated Current Source IC Integrates a Data Conversion Function
Fairchild's George Erdi designed one of the first ICs dedicated to data conversion applications, the μA722 10-bit Current Source, in 1968.<|separator|>
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Atomic Mass Unit: Unlocking the Secrets of Matter - Open MedScience
Oct 12, 2024 · The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom, which equates to approximately 1.66053906660×10 -27 kilograms.<|separator|>
[63]
Unified Atomic Mass Unit | Encyclopedia MDPI
Oct 21, 2022 · The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).History · Terminology · Relationship to SI
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Distribution Amplifier : Circuit, Working, Types & Its Applications
The function of a distribution amplifier or DA is to take an audio or video signal as an input, & amplify it to output this amplified signal to a minimum of two ...
[65]
Selecting the Right Distribution Amplifier - Extron
Distribution Amplifiers, or DAs, are used to divide a single video source or audio source and duplicate it into two or more identical copies of the original ...
[66]
UHD DA 12G Configurable Distribution Amplifier - Utah Scientific
The UHD DA addresses the need for distribution amplifiers that support up to 12G signals. This solution is designed to provide maximum flexibility and ...
[67]
The D.A. (TV Series 1971–1972) - IMDb
Rating 6.5/10 (53) The D.A.: With Robert Conrad, Victor Izay, Harry Morgan, Julie Cobb. The cases of hard-nosed Los Angeles district attorney Paul Ryan.
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Find out how to watch The D.A.. Stream the latest seasons and episodes, watch trailers, and more for The D.A. at TV Guide.
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The D.A. (TV Series 2004) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (54) The D.A.: Created by James Duff. With Bruno Campos, Peter Outerbridge ... district attorney's office battle the usual array of moral and ethic problems.
[70]
The D.A. - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 63% (16) The men and women of the Los Angeles County district attorney's office battle the usual array of moral and ethic problems. ... The D.A. photo 1. The D.A. photo 2.
[71]
Da (1988) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (548) A New York playwright is summoned to Ireland to bury his father (his "Da"). While at his boyhood home, he encounters his father's spirit and relives memories ...
[72]
The D.A. Takes a Chance (Doug Selby, #8) - Goodreads
Rating 3.7 (81) Blond Eve Dawson came to Hollywood to be a star and didn't make the grade. But as a party girl she was much in demand - until someone shot her.<|separator|>
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Aug 2, 2020 · Why was Cho Chang the one who betrayed DA in the movies and not Marietta EdgeCombe? They didn't want to introduce another character, probably.
[74]
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Jul 5, 2022 · Da capo is Italian for 'from the beginning'. It's used on a musical score to indicate that the musician (on reaching the point marked 'da capo') should go back ...
[75]
Da Capo - Music Theory Academy
Da capo is an Italian musical word that is translated as “from the head/beginning”. Often abbreviated to D.C. and extended to DC al Fine.
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Da Da Da by Trio - Songfacts
This song was used in the climactic scene of a raunchy 80s teen flick called Private School for Girls.
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DA DA DA – TRIO - Official Charts
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Da Da Da by Trio - 1982 Hit Song
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Trio – Da Da Da (Canada 12″) - Burning The Ground
Mar 24, 2023 · In the United States the song peaked at #33 on the Billboard Dance Chart while in the United Kingdom the song reached the #2 spot. SIDE A: Da Da ...
[80]
Trio's Stephan Remmler on Trio and Error and the creation of the ...
Feb 27, 2023 · “It was a half-finished song,” says Trio vocalist/songwriter Stephan Remmler of the weird electronic ditty “Da Da Da”.<|separator|>
[81]
How many places are named Da? - Geotargit
There are 12 places in the world named Da! Da can be found in 9 countries throughout the world. In some countries the place can be found more than once.
[82]
Meaning, origin and history of the name Da
From Chinese 达 (dá) meaning "achieve, arrive at, intelligent" (which is usually only masculine), 大 (dà) meaning "big, great, vast, high".<|control11|><|separator|>
[83]
"Da" in Irish Place Names - jstor
name correctly represents the primitive form Gleann da Loch, found in Broccan's Hymn in praise of Brigid (7th century), which could never have originated from ...
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state (Categorical). State. One of 16 states ; district (Categorical). District. One of 160 administrative districts, including the 4 states (Perlis and the 3 ...
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[PDF] MALAYSIA - CLGF
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U.S. Soccer SHUTS DOWN Development Academy - EXACT Sports
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Development Academy National Championships Results
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U.S. Soccer Development Academy Champions List - SoccerWire
GIRLS' DEVELOPMENT ACADEMY U-15 CHAMPIONS · FC Dallas, Frisco, Texas · San Jose Earthquakes, Santa Clara, Calif. ; GIRLS' DEVELOPMENT ACADEMY U-16/17 CHAMPIONS.
[96]
The timeline of the Development Academy | Club Soccer
Boys: New York City FC (U18/19) and Seattle Sounders DA (U16/17); Girls: LAFC Slammers (U18/19), Real Colorado (U16/17), FC Dallas ( ...Missing: competitions | Show results with:competitions
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U.S. Soccer ends development academy as MLS announces youth ...
Apr 15, 2020 · The U.S. Soccer Federation announced that it is terminating its development academy as MLS revealed plans for a new youth competition.Missing: history | Show results with:history
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U.S. Soccer announces end of Development Academy operations
Apr 15, 2020 · US Soccer on Wednesday evening announced the that it would be ending the operation of the US Soccer Development Academy, effective immediately.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[99]
Director's Academy - Michigan State Youth Soccer Association
Directed at the U11 and U12 age groups, the program focuses on club, team, and player development through coaching education. With this focus in mind, DA clubs ...
[100]
Defensive Stats 101 - Baseball Almanac
A Defensive Average, or DA, is the rate at which fielders in their respective "zone" turn hit balls into an out. The zone, or area of responsibility, spans the ...
[101]
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Jul 31, 2025 · Cons include ergonomic issues with the heavy trigger, and the need to twist the gun. Pros include a longer trigger pull that may prevent ...
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[103]
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Dec 20, 2017 · Some shooters consider the long and relatively heavy trigger pull of a double action (DA) revolver to be slow, cumbersome and inaccurate.
[104]
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Oct 20, 2017 · ... Development Academy in 2007 to create a more structured player development environment for elite players to develop to their highest potential.
[105]
More Than Meets the Eye: The Secrets of Dynamic Difficulty ...
Jul 15, 2019 · Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) is a process in which video games will adjust the difficulty of the game over time based on the player's performance.
[106]
[PDF] The Impact of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment on Player Experience in ...
Mar 7, 2022 · Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a process by which a video game adjusts its level of challenge to match a player's skill level. Its ...
[107]
Theoretical Spotlight: Attachment Theory - Statistics Solutions
Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) expanded the theory of attachment to include four attachment styles: secure, anxious, fearful-avoidant, and dismissing-avoidant.
[108]
Examining the association between adult attachment style and ...
Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) describe preoccupied individuals as overly dependent on others and in constant need of attention, whereas those who are ...
[109]
Dismissing-Avoidance - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Dismissing avoidance is defined as a pattern of attachment where the individual denies the need for intimacy, maintaining a positive self-view while perceiving ...Affective Disorders · Iv Attachment Theory · B Adult Attachment<|separator|>
[110]
Attachment Styles In Adult Relationships - Simply Psychology
Jan 23, 2024 · Dismissive-avoidant adults deny experiencing distress associated with relationships and downplay the importance of attachment in general, ...
[111]
The Need to Belong and Dismissing Avoidant Attachment Style
In Study 2, high-dismissive participants felt better about themselves and experienced higher levels of positive affect after learning that in the future they ...
[112]
Here's What We Know About Attachment Styles in the Workplace
Jul 24, 2020 · The avoidant (or dismissive) type is independent, confident, and self-sufficient – at least that's how they appear to be. People with this ...Insecure Attachment Has... · Anxious Attachment In The... · Avoidant Attachment Style In...
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Attachment style predicts affect, cognitive appraisals, and social ...
In contrast, compared to secure attachment, avoidant (or dismissing) attachment has been associated with lower levels of happiness and self-disclosure ( ...
[114]
Therapeutic progress and symptom elevation in treating dismissive ...
Aug 10, 2025 · This paper reports a naturalistic case study and offers an in-depth examination of a treatment with a client with dismissive attachment, ...
[115]
[PDF] Attachment Theory in Adult Romantic Relationships - Liberty University
Individuals with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style tend to downplay the importance of relationships and prioritize independence over emotional intimacy.
[116]
DA Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
abbreviation (2) ; 1. days after acceptance ; 2. delayed action ; 3. deposit account ; 4. Dictionary of Americanisms ; 5. district attorney.
[117]
Payment Terms in Export: TT, DP, DA & Best Practices - Skydo
Jul 22, 2025 · Learn export payment terms—DA, DP, LC, OA, Advance—plus TT meaning, pros & cons, examples, and tips to get paid faster as an exporter.
[118]
TT vs DP vs DA in international trade: Payment terms ... - Winvesta
Jul 25, 2025 · To define net 30 means payment is due 30 days after invoice—just like DA asks for post-delivery trust. But DA is structured via banks, unlike a ...
[119]
What is Dearness Allowance (DA)? Meaning and Definition - Qandle
Rating 5.0 (78) Dearness Allowance (DA) is a type of allowance paid to employees to help them cope with inflation and the rising cost of living.<|separator|>
[120]
NSW councils bogged down by court cases say state planning laws ...
Sep 13, 2023 · The average turnaround time for development applications in NSW is 108 days; The state government says it is not reviewing the 40-day deadline.Missing: reforms timelines rejection
[121]
How can it take 289 days to wait for Development Approval?
Analysis by renovation specialists Nouvelle using NSW Planning Department reveals seven councils where approval takes 215 days or longer.
[122]
Don't high permit approval rates show that planning isn't the issue?
A close to 1 in 5 chance of a development being denied thus condemning it to a lengthy VCAT process can make these sorts of projects highly risky to embark on.Missing: DA rejection
[123]
Local Development - Department of Planning and Environment
Mar 13, 2024 · 40 days of the application being forwarded to the approval body (if the DA is not advertised) or; · 21 days (if the DA is advertised) from when ...Missing: rates | Show results with:rates
[124]
NSW is overhauling its planning system to build more houses faster ...
Sep 17, 2025 · Reforms increase types of projects that don't require a development application and establish a 'single door' coordination agency.Missing: timelines rates
[125]
https://hia.com.au/our-industry/newsroom/industry-policy/2024/07/stronger-measures-needed-to-improve-da-processing-timeframes
[126]
English Translation of “DIRECTION ASSISTÉE” - Collins Dictionary
direction assistée. British English: power steering /ˈpaʊə ˈstɪərɪŋ/ NOUN. In a vehicle, power steering ...Missing: Europe | Show results with:Europe
[127]
Qu'est-ce-que la direction assistée - Blog Euromaster
May 30, 2025 · Dans une automobile, la direction assistée se réfère à un système d'aide au conducteur destiné à réduire l'effort fourni lors du braquage ...Missing: DA | Show results with:DA
[128]
En quelle année est sortie la direction assistée électrique
Feb 13, 2025 · La première application à grande échelle de la direction assistée électrique a eu lieu en 1993, lorsque le constructeur automobile italien ...
[129]
Dissemination area (DA) - Census Dictionary - Statistique Canada
Nov 27, 2015 · A dissemination area (DA) is a small, relatively stable geographic unit composed of one or more adjacent dissemination blocks.

DA