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Demon Drop

Demon Drop is an Intamin Freefall drop tower amusement ride that simulates a free-fall experience by elevating passengers to the top of a 131-foot (40 m) tower before releasing them for a sudden 60-foot (18 m) plunge reaching speeds of up to 55 mph (89 km/h).^[1]^[2] Currently operating at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania, the ride dangles riders in an elevator-style car for a brief suspension period prior to the uncontrolled drop, followed by deceleration forces and a pull-out curve that leaves passengers lying horizontally at the base.^[3]^[4] Originally debuting at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1983 as a $2.5 million attraction built by Swiss manufacturer Intamin, Demon Drop quickly became a signature thrill ride positioned near the park's entrance, providing over 19 million rides during its 27-year tenure there.^[1]^[2]^[5] Following Cedar Point's announcement in October 2009 that the ride would close after the season due to low capacity and the park's shift toward larger attractions, it was disassembled in November 2009 and relocated to its current home at Dorney Park, a sister property under Cedar Fair (now part of Six Flags).^[1]^[5] After installation delays, Demon Drop reopened at Dorney Park on July 2, 2010, where it continues to operate as a classic thrill ride equivalent in height to a 10-story building.^[6]^[4]

History

Introduction at Cedar Point

The Demon Drop was developed by the Swiss ride manufacturer Intamin as part of its pioneering Freefall series, which introduced the concept of controlled freefall drops on a vertical track to amusement parks in the early 1980s. This first-generation model built upon experimental freefall tower ideas explored during the 1970s, evolving them into a commercial thrill ride that simulated an uncontrolled elevator plunge. The series debuted with installations at Six Flags parks in 1982, marking Intamin's innovation in gravity-based attractions that prioritized intense acceleration and braking technology.^[7]^[8] In the fall of 1982, Cedar Point announced the addition of the Demon Drop as a major new attraction for its 1983 season, with construction beginning shortly thereafter to accommodate the 131-foot tower near the park's main midway. The ride required modifications to the existing layout, including the removal of a picnic shelter to make space for the structure. It opened to the public on May 15, 1983, becoming Cedar Point's first Intamin drop tower and quickly establishing itself as a signature thrill at the entrance of the park.^[9]^[10]^[11] Marketed as a "diabolical ride" that offered riders an exhilarating descent akin to an "elevator to hell," the Demon Drop featured thematic enhancements including demonic statues surrounding the base and eerie sound effects to heighten the sense of impending doom during the ascent. These elements were promoted in television commercials emphasizing the terror of a 99-foot drop featuring an initial freefall plunge of 60 feet reaching speeds of 55 mph in about two seconds. In its inaugural season, the ride enforced a minimum height requirement of 48 inches for participants and could accommodate up to 16 riders per cycle across four cars, each seating four abreast, contributing to its high-throughput appeal.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Operation and closure at Cedar Point

The Demon Drop operated seasonally at Cedar Point from 1983 through the end of the 2009 season, serving as a prominent entry-point thrill ride along the park's Main Midway and integrating seamlessly into the lineup of high-adrenaline attractions that defined the park's reputation as the "Roller Coaster Capital of the World." During its operational years, the ride typically ran during the park's standard May-to-October season, with daily hours extending from late morning to evening close, subject to weather and attendance demands. In its final year of 2009, it accommodated nearly 500,000 riders, contributing to a cumulative total of approximately 19 million rides over 26 seasons, underscoring its role in delivering consistent guest throughput amid Cedar Point's growing portfolio of extreme coasters.^[1] As an aging Intamin Freefall model, the ride required ongoing maintenance to ensure safety and reliability, including routine inspections of its hydraulic lift, braking systems, and structural integrity in line with industry standards set by the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA). While specific upgrades to brakes and hydraulics were not publicly detailed for the 1990s or 2000s, the ride's long-term operation reflected Cedar Point's commitment to periodic refurbishments for older attractions, allowing it to remain a viable part of the thrill lineup despite the emergence of taller, faster successors like Millennium Force and Top Thrill Dragster.^[15] The Demon Drop enjoyed sustained popularity during its tenure, initially hailed as a groundbreaking success upon debut that drew crowds eager for its intense free-fall sensation, though it gradually ceded headline status to newer, record-breaking rides as guest preferences shifted toward hypercoasters and mega-launches. Guest feedback consistently praised its raw adrenaline rush and accessibility for thrill-seekers of varying intensities, maintaining steady ridership even as the park expanded.^[1] On October 21, 2009, Cedar Point announced the ride's closure at the end of the season, citing its outdated technology relative to modern attractions and the need to reallocate prime midway space for future developments. The 131-foot tower was disassembled after the park's November 1, 2009, closure following a comprehensive evaluation by Cedar Fair management, with the ride ultimately relocated and refurbished for reopening at sister park Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in 2010.^[1]^[15]

Relocation to Dorney Park

Following its closure at Cedar Point on November 1, 2009, Demon Drop was dismantled during the off-season and relocated to Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, a sister property under the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company umbrella.^[9]^[16] Initially announced for relocation to Knott's Berry Farm in October 2009, plans changed in December 2009, with the ride instead being transported to Dorney Park in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where it underwent reassembly for the 2010 season. After installation delays, the ride reopened to the public on July 2, 2010, preserving one of the few remaining first-generation Intamin Freefall models in North America.^[9]^[16]^[9] As of November 2025, Demon Drop continues to operate at Dorney Park, drawing riders interested in its nostalgic appeal and status as the last functional example of its specific Intamin design.^[3]^[17]

Design and technology

Manufacturer and model

Intamin AG, founded in 1967 and based in Wollerau, Switzerland, is a leading manufacturer of amusement rides specializing in high-thrill attractions such as roller coasters and drop towers.^[8]^[18] The company collaborated with Giovanola Frères SA of Switzerland to develop and produce the Freefall ride model, which was marketed globally by Intamin starting in the early 1980s as a pioneering freefall experience.^[19] The Demon Drop utilizes Intamin's first-generation Freefall design, which employs a single-drop mechanism where passengers are lifted to height via a chain drive before being released for an unassisted freefall along a vertical track, culminating in a mechanical braking system using polyurethane bumpers.^[19]^[20] This model differs from Intamin's later iterations, such as the second-generation Giant Drop or gyro swing variants, by lacking rotating elements or multiple drops and instead emphasizing a straightforward, track-guided descent for a raw freefall sensation.^[8] Intamin produced approximately 15 Freefall units worldwide between 1982 and the mid-1980s, with the Demon Drop representing one of these installations customized with thematic elements evoking demonic motifs to align with Cedar Point's branding.^[8]^[21] Compared to rival drop tower designs from manufacturers like Vekoma, which often incorporated pneumatic or cable-assisted systems in their early models, the Intamin Freefall stood out for its gravity-powered reliability and purer drop dynamics achieved through wheeled track guidance.^[22]

Technical specifications

The Demon Drop ride is built around a 131-foot (40 m) steel lattice tower, enabling a 60-foot (18 m) vertical freefall drop distance followed by a curved track section for a total drop of approximately 93 feet (28 m).^[3]^[1]^[23] The structure supports the ride's unique L-shaped track configuration, characteristic of Intamin's first-generation Freefall model.^[24] The ride vehicles consist of six four-person open-air cars, each fitted with individual over-the-shoulder harnesses to secure passengers during the ascent and descent, providing a total capacity of 24 riders per cycle.^[24] Mechanically, the cars are elevated to approximately 131 feet by a chain-driven lift system before an instantaneous brake release initiates the freefall, lasting 1.5 to 2 seconds and accelerating riders to 55 mph (89 km/h). Deceleration occurs via polyurethane bumpers at the base of the drop, transitioning the cars into a horizontal loading position along the track.^[3]^[1] The ride features computer-monitored safety interlocks.^[3]

Ride experience

Operation cycle

The operation cycle of Demon Drop commences with the loading phase at a ground-level platform, where up to 8 passengers board two stainless steel cars, each seating four abreast, secured by padded over-the-shoulder restraints, loaded simultaneously in approximately 2 minutes.^[19] Once loaded, the cars shift backward from the station into an elevator position and ascend the 131-foot tower via a hydraulic lift lasting about 6 seconds, during which riders experience building tension from audio cues and expansive views of the surrounding area.^[25] At the summit, the cars extend forward over the drop edge for a 3- to 5-second hold, suspending passengers at the peak to intensify anticipation.^[26] The cars are then released into a sudden freefall, plummeting 60 feet in about 2 seconds.^[3] Deceleration occurs as the cars engage pneumatic brakes on an L-shaped track section, which slows their momentum and briefly inverts the riders before righting the cars; gravity then assists the return to the base station, where unloading follows along with routine safety inspections.^[19]

Passenger restraints and safety

The Demon Drop utilizes individual over-the-shoulder harnesses equipped with ratcheting locks to secure each passenger, ensuring stability during the ascent, hold, and freefall drop phases of the ride. These restraints provide safety by distributing forces across the shoulders and torso while allowing riders to maintain an upright or reclined position in the four-passenger gondola.^[20] Prior to dispatch, operators conduct manual pre-ride checks to verify proper harness fit and seating for all passengers, adhering to height restrictions of at least 48 inches (122 cm). Medical disqualifiers include heart conditions, high blood pressure, or recent surgeries that could be exacerbated by the ride's forces; no accommodations for wheelchairs or mobility aids are provided due to the enclosed gondola design. Evacuation procedures, if required during a malfunction, involve maintenance personnel accessing the tower via integrated stairs to assist passengers from the gondola.^[3] The ride incorporates emergency safety features such as backup hydraulic brakes for controlled descent and anti-rollback devices to prevent unintended movement during loading or ascent. Daily operational inspections, including checks on restraints, braking systems, and structural integrity, comply with ASTM International standards for amusement rides and devices, such as F2291.^[27]

Incidents and safety

On May 22, 1984, a car on The Edge, an Intamin Freefall ride at Six Flags Great America, malfunctioned during ascent, causing it to drop approximately 60 feet and injuring three teenage riders with broken bones and other injuries.^[28]^[29] The incident was attributed to a failure in the ride's safety mechanisms, prompting the temporary closure of similar Intamin Freefall models across parks, including Demon Drop at Cedar Point, which was shut down on the same day for precautionary inspections and potential upgrades to anti-rollback systems.^[28] In a separate event on June 21, 2007, a snapped steel cable on the Superman: Tower of Power, an Intamin drop tower ride at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom, struck a 13-year-old rider during the ascent, severing both of her feet above the ankles and causing severe injuries requiring amputation.^[30]^[31] The accident, which occurred due to inadequate maintenance of the ride's cables, led to the indefinite closure of that ride and heightened nationwide scrutiny and inspections of Intamin drop tower attractions, though Demon Drop was not directly affected.^[30]^[32] Other incidents on Intamin rides, such as a July 13, 1993, low-speed collision between two trains on the Demon roller coaster at Six Flags Great America that injured eight riders, underscored ongoing concerns with mechanical reliability like switch and braking systems on the manufacturer's coasters, contributing to broader safety reviews but without direct ties to Demon Drop operations.^[33] No fatalities have been recorded on Demon Drop itself throughout its history.

Safety features and regulations

The Demon Drop, as an Intamin Freefall model, adheres to the safety standards established by ASTM International's Committee F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices, which cover design, manufacturing, testing, operation, maintenance, and quality assurance for such attractions.^[34] These voluntary but industry-wide adopted guidelines ensure structural integrity and operational reliability, with the ride undergoing mandatory inspections aligned with ASTM F24 protocols during its operation at both Cedar Point and Dorney Park.^[35] Following a fatal incident on a similar Intamin Freefall ride, The Edge, in May 1984, the Demon Drop was temporarily closed for safety reviews and subsequently equipped with enhanced operational safeguards, including improved braking mechanisms to prevent unintended drops.^[9] These post-1984 modifications, implemented across first-generation Intamin freefall rides, focused on redundancy in release and catch systems to mitigate risks identified in the accident investigation. Additionally, the ride incorporates wind anemometers that automatically suspend operations when gusts exceed 25 mph, a precautionary measure standard at Cedar Fair parks to protect against environmental hazards.^[36] Cedar Fair, the parent company operating the ride, mandates comprehensive operator training through its iROC (Integrated Ride Operations Certification) program, requiring all staff to be certified in ride-specific procedures, including daily pre-operation checks and response to malfunctions.^[37] This training encompasses emergency drills for scenarios such as power failures, where backup hydraulic or manual systems engage to safely lower the carriage, ensuring passenger evacuation without reliance on primary power.^[38] In the United States, fixed-site amusement rides like the Demon Drop fall under state regulatory oversight rather than direct federal control by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), which lacks jurisdiction over permanent installations since 1981.^[39] During its tenure at Cedar Point in Ohio, the ride complied with the Ohio Department of Agriculture's requirements for biannual inspections by certified engineers, while at Dorney Park in Pennsylvania, it registers with and is inspected by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture under the Amusement Ride Inspection Act.^[40]^[41] These frameworks mandate incident reporting to state authorities, which has driven iterative safety enhancements, such as reinforced components, through 2025 to address evolving risk assessments.^[42]

Legacy and cultural significance

Influence on drop tower rides

The Intamin Freefall ride, exemplified by Demon Drop which opened in 1983 at Cedar Point, represented one of the earliest implementations of the "pure drop" concept in amusement attractions, where passengers experience an unassisted free fall down a vertical track after being elevated vertically to the top of the tower.^[20] This first-generation design, introduced by Intamin in collaboration with Giovanola, debuted with installations at Six Flags parks in 1982 and quickly gained traction for delivering intense weightlessness without additional propulsion or rotation, setting a foundational template for thrill-seeking rides.^[19] By popularizing this straightforward yet exhilarating format, it influenced the development of subsequent drop tower models, though only about 14 to 15 Intamin Freefalls were ultimately built worldwide before the product line was phased out in favor of more advanced variants.^[43] Within the Cedar Fair entertainment chain, Demon Drop's success contributed to a strategic emphasis on high-thrill vertical attractions, paving the way for later installations like Power Tower at Cedar Point, which opened in 1998 as a multi-tower, advanced Intamin Combo drop ride featuring both upward and downward accelerations for enhanced capacity and variety.^[44] This evolution reflected Cedar Fair's broader portfolio approach in the late 1990s and early 2000s, where early successes like Demon Drop informed investments in scaled-up drop experiences to attract repeat visitors and diversify beyond traditional roller coasters.^[45] Power Tower, with its four independent towers reaching 240 feet, built upon the freefall legacy by accommodating larger groups—up to 40 riders per cycle—while maintaining the core adrenaline rush that Demon Drop had established two decades earlier.^[46] By 2025, Demon Drop's relocation to Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in 2009 has preserved it as the sole operational first-generation Intamin Freefall in North America, underscoring the ride type's decline amid industry preferences for smoother, more technologically advanced models from manufacturers like Zamperla, which offer pneumatic launches, rotating cabins, and reduced maintenance demands. This rarity highlights a broader shift in drop tower design toward higher-capacity, multi-element systems that minimize the structural vibrations and noise characteristic of early Freefalls, leading to fewer preservations of vintage examples.^[47] The introduction of rides like Demon Drop played a key role in elevating drop towers from niche experiments to mainstream attractions, with global installations expanding significantly in the decades following 1983 as parks adopted and iterated on the freefall mechanic to meet growing demand for compact, high-impact thrills.^[7] By the 1990s, the proliferation of second- and third-generation towers—spurred by Intamin's early innovations—had transformed the category into a staple at major amusement parks, contributing to the overall amusement ride market's growth and the normalization of vertical drops as essential portfolio elements.^[48]

In popular culture

The Demon Drop has appeared in promotional media since its debut, notably through a series of television commercials aired in 1983 by Cedar Point, which emphasized the ride's intense freefall sensation with taglines like "a diabolical ride."^[49] These ads, featuring dramatic visuals of the drop, helped establish the ride as an iconic thrill attraction in the early days of drop tower experiences.^[12] In online enthusiast communities, Demon Drop maintains a strong presence, with point-of-view (POV) videos on YouTube capturing the ride's raw mechanics and garnering tens of thousands of views since its relocation to Dorney Park in 2010.^[50] For instance, footage showcasing the unthemed, industrial feel of the first-generation Intamin model has resonated with coaster fans, highlighting its status as one of the last operating examples of its kind. Discussions on Reddit's r/cedarpoint subreddit frequently express nostalgia for the ride's time at Cedar Point, with users lamenting its 2009 removal and sharing memories of its prominent frontline location.^[51] The ride has inspired fictional representations in gaming, particularly in amusement park simulators like Planet Coaster, where community-created mods accurately recreate Demon Drop's 131-foot tower and 60-foot plunge, allowing players to build and experience virtual versions of the attraction.^[52] These user-generated content pieces underscore the ride's influence on digital recreations of classic thrill rides. As a symbol of retro amusement park thrills, Demon Drop has been featured in enthusiast publications positioning it as a preserved piece of history, with coverage on sites like Theme Park Insider noting its continued operation at Dorney Park and riders' fondness for its straightforward intensity even years after relocation.^[53]

References

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Demon Drop to be moved from Cedar Point | The Blade
The Sandusky amusement park, which has been trying to sell the ride, said it the ride will be disassembled after the park closes on Nov. 1 and ...
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This elevator-style drop ride dangles you for what seems like an eternity until you plummet – without warning – down 60 feet in about two seconds!
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Demon Drop will be new to Dorney but it's not a new ride. The 131-foot drop tower has been dizzying visitors to Dorney's sister park in Ohio, Cedar Point, for ...
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Jul 15, 2022 · The legendary attraction dropped its last car in Sandusky back in 2009, but it lives on at Dorney Park and Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
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Mar 26, 2010 · The Demon Drop, which the park says will open in June, simulates a ... The park opens for the 2010 season on May 1. Chris Mautner ...
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Nov 12, 2017 · The next attraction from DIY Rides is an Intamin 1st Generation Freefall, perhaps best known by Cedar Point or now Dorney Park's Demon Drop!
[54]
The 2016 Rao family vacation, or, we rode 55 coasters in eight days ...
Aug 28, 2016 · I also am very fond of the Demon Drop ride, having rode it several times when it was at CP. It's obviously not that tall, but the design ...<|separator|>