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Dom Phillips

Dom Phillips (23 July 1964 – 5 June 2022) was a British journalist and author who reported extensively on Brazil, transitioning from music journalism to environmental issues in the Amazon rainforest.^[1]^[2] Beginning his career writing about electronic dance music for publications like Mixmag in the 1990s, Phillips relocated to Brazil in 2007 to complete a book on the subject, publishing Superstar DJs Here We Go!: The Rise and Fall of the Superstar DJ in 2009.^[2]^[3] Over the following decade, he shifted focus to political, social, and ecological challenges in Brazil, contributing articles to The Guardian and other outlets on topics including poverty, indigenous rights, and deforestation.^[4]^[5] His reporting emphasized the role of indigenous communities in conserving the Amazon, earning recognition such as inclusion in Greenpeace's best environmental journalism selections and a 2021 Alicia Patterson Foundation fellowship for his book project on sustainable forest protection strategies.^[2]^[6] On 5 June 2022, Phillips disappeared while traveling by boat in the Vale do Javari indigenous territory with Brazilian indigenist Bruno Pereira, investigating illegal fishing operations; their bodies were discovered ten days later, confirming they had been shot, with arrests linking the killings to local fishermen involved in illicit activities.^[7]^[8] The case underscored risks to journalists probing environmental crimes in remote areas, where enforcement is limited.^[9] Phillips' unfinished manuscript, How to Save the Amazon, was completed by colleagues and published posthumously in 2025, amplifying indigenous perspectives on rainforest preservation.^[6]^[10]

Personal Background

Early Life and Education

Dominic Mark Phillips was born on 23 July 1964 in Bebington, Merseyside, England.^[4]^[3] He was the eldest of three children to Gillian Phillips (née Watson), a Welsh woman who worked as a schoolteacher, and Bernard Phillips, an accountant of Irish descent who later became a civil servant.^[4]^[11] Phillips grew up in the Liverpool area but left college there without completing his studies in the early 1980s, opting instead to travel abroad.^[3]^[5] He resided temporarily in Israel, Greece, Denmark, and Australia, sustaining himself through manual labor including fruit picking, factory work, and other odd jobs.^[12]^[5] This period marked the beginning of his exposure to diverse cultures, which later influenced his journalistic pursuits.^[3]

Family and Relationships

Dom Phillips was the son of parents who died within months of each other in the late 2010s.^[1] He had two siblings, sister Sian Phillips and brother Gareth Phillips, along with brother-in-law Paul Sherwood.^[13] ^[14] Phillips' first marriage was to Nuala, which ended in divorce prior to his relocation to Brazil.^[1] He had no children.^[15] In the mid-2010s, Phillips began a relationship with Alessandra Sampaio, a Brazilian lawyer specializing in human rights, and the couple later married.^[16] ^[13] They resided together in Salvador, Bahia, where they planned to adopt children.^[17] Sampaio survived Phillips and has since continued advocacy work in his memory, including completing his unfinished book on Amazon conservation.^[18] ^[19]

Professional Career

Journalism in the UK and Early International Work

Phillips began his journalism career in the United Kingdom with a focus on music, particularly electronic dance and rave culture. In 1988, while based in Bristol, he founded the fanzine New City Press. He soon transitioned to professional reporting, joining Mixmag, a leading magazine on dance music, where he advanced to editor.^[4]^[20] As Mixmag editor for much of the 1990s—specifically from 1993 to 1997—Phillips covered the rapid expansion of the UK rave scene amid its cultural and commercial peak, including club events, DJ profiles, and genre developments. He is credited with popularizing the term "progressive house" to describe a subgenre blending house music with atmospheric elements. His editorial tenure emphasized detailed, insider reporting on the electronic music ecosystem, mentoring writers and capturing the era's innovations in sound and nightlife.^[20]^[21]^[22] Phillips' UK work increasingly incorporated international dimensions, as the global spread of rave culture necessitated coverage beyond Britain, including European festivals and emerging scenes in North America. By the early 2000s, he contributed freelance pieces to outlets such as The Guardian, The Times, and Sunday Times, broadening his scope while maintaining a music emphasis. This culminated in his 2007 relocation to São Paulo, Brazil, to complete Superstar DJs Here We Go!, a book chronicling the rise of superstar DJs and the transnational commercialization of dance music, which drew on his networks with international artists, including Brazilian DJs.^[23]^[24]^[25] This Brazilian stint represented Phillips' entry into sustained international reporting, initially tied to music but laying groundwork for later environmental and political coverage in Latin America. His freelance model allowed flexibility across borders, prioritizing on-the-ground immersion over institutional affiliation.^[12]^[26]

Reporting on Brazil and the Amazon

Dom Phillips relocated to São Paulo, Brazil, in 2007 to complete a book on electronic dance music, initially focusing his journalism on cultural topics before shifting toward environmental and political reporting.^[4]^[27] By the mid-2010s, he had moved to Rio de Janeiro and increasingly covered Brazil's Amazon region, drawn by its global ecological significance and escalating threats from deforestation, illegal extraction, and governance failures.^[26] His work appeared in outlets including The Guardian, The Washington Post, and The Intercept, emphasizing on-the-ground investigations into indigenous vulnerabilities and resource conflicts.^[23]^[28] Phillips' Amazon reporting highlighted the encroachment of illegal activities on protected areas, such as poaching and gold mining in the Javari Valley, home to uncontacted tribes. In an August 2018 Guardian article co-reported with indigenous expert Bruno Pereira, he detailed armed incursions by poachers targeting species like river dolphins and turtles, which exposed isolated groups to violence and disease without adequate federal enforcement.^[29] He argued that the lack of river patrols left these populations—estimated at 16 uncontacted tribes—as the world's most vulnerable, reliant on Funai (Brazil's indigenous affairs agency) for protection that often fell short due to underfunding and policy shifts.^[30] Political developments under President Jair Bolsonaro formed a core theme, with Phillips documenting how relaxed environmental regulations fueled land grabs and fires. A October 2018 piece examined Bolsonaro's electoral support among agribusiness interests pushing for mining on indigenous lands and hydroelectric dams, warning of accelerated habitat loss amid weakened oversight.^[31] In March 2019, he reported on indigenous federations uniting against farm encroachments and miner invasions, interviewing leaders who described government rhetoric as enabling invasions that displaced communities and destroyed forests covering over 13% of Brazil's territory.^[32] Phillips extended this scrutiny to corporate actors, as in a March 2021 article on meatpacking giant JBS's net-zero emissions pledge amid deforestation-linked supply chains, questioning the feasibility given ongoing cattle ranching expansion in the Amazon.^[33] Later reports addressed intersecting crises like the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating illegal mining. In December 2020, Phillips covered Yanomami reserve invasions by garimpeiros (wildcat miners), where mercury pollution contaminated rivers and health services collapsed, leading to over 500 indigenous deaths from the virus by mid-2021—disproportionate to Brazil's national rate.^[34] His approach combined fieldwork with indigenous voices, critiquing institutional failures without endorsing unsubstantiated narratives, often collaborating with local experts to verify claims of systemic neglect. By 2021, Phillips paused freelance assignments to research a book, How to Save the Amazon, advocating sustainable models centered on indigenous stewardship as a counter to extractive threats.^[30] This body of work positioned him as a chronicler of the region's tipping points, where annual deforestation rates peaked at 11,088 square kilometers in 2019 under Bolsonaro, per official data.^[4]

Major Publications and Ongoing Projects

Phillips authored several investigative articles on environmental degradation, Indigenous rights, and political threats to the Amazon rainforest, primarily for The Guardian and The Washington Post. In a April 13, 2015, Washington Post report, he examined the S11D iron ore mining project in Pará state, highlighting its excavation of 16 square miles of forest and potential displacement of ancient Indigenous sites dating back over 10,000 years.^[35] His August 23, 2018, Guardian article "Tribes in deep water: gold, guns and the Amazon’s last frontier" detailed illegal gold mining and poaching in the Javari Valley, home to 16 uncontacted tribes, where armed intruders posed risks of disease transmission and violence amid minimal federal enforcement.^[29] Other key pieces included a October 24, 2018, Guardian analysis of Jair Bolsonaro's campaign promises to relax environmental regulations and permit mining on Indigenous lands, raising alarms over accelerated deforestation rates that had already surged 47% in Pará by mid-2018; a March 4, 2019, report on unified Indigenous resistance against land encroachments; and a May 5, 2020, examination of strategies to mitigate annual fire seasons, which had consumed over 1 million acres in 2019 alone.^[31]^[30] As a freelance journalist based in Rio de Janeiro since 2007, Phillips contributed to outlets including The Times, Financial Times, and Bloomberg News, often embedding with Indigenous leaders and documenting causal links between policy shifts and ecological harm, such as weakened enforcement under Bolsonaro correlating with a 22% national deforestation increase from August 2019 to July 2020.^[28]^[36] Phillips's primary ongoing project at the time of his June 2022 death was a book exploring practical conservation models in the Amazon, including sustainable fishing initiatives and Indigenous-led patrols that had reduced illegal incursions by up to 80% in monitored reserves.^[37] Titled How to Save the Amazon: A Journalist's Fatal Quest for Answers, the manuscript—partially drafted from field research with Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira—was completed posthumously by a collaborative team of Phillips's colleagues, incorporating his notes, interviews, and audio recordings to emphasize evidence-based solutions like community governance over top-down interventions.^[38]^[10] The 384-page volume was published in June 2025 by Chelsea Green Publishing, prioritizing Phillips's original reporting on threats like illegal fishing fleets depleting stocks by 30-50% annually in the Javari region.^[6]

The 2022 Amazon Expedition

Context and Purpose of the Trip

Dom Phillips, a British journalist who had reported extensively on environmental and social issues in Brazil since 2007, was engaged in a multi-year book project examining sustainable development strategies to combat deforestation and related threats in the Amazon rainforest.^[39] His work focused on identifying practical economic models that could replace destructive activities such as illegal logging and fishing, drawing on collaborations with indigenous communities and local experts.^[37] In 2021, Phillips received an Alicia Patterson Foundation fellowship to support this research, which emphasized collective approaches to preserving the ecosystem while supporting local livelihoods.^[6] The specific 2022 expedition targeted the Vale do Javari Indigenous Territory in Amazonas state, Brazil's largest such reserve, home to over 14,000 indigenous people across multiple ethnic groups and harboring the highest concentration of uncontacted tribes globally.^[40] Accompanied by Bruno Pereira, a former employee of Brazil's National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) with prior experience coordinating protection efforts in the region, Phillips aimed to document firsthand perspectives from riverine and indigenous communities on viable alternatives to illicit economies encroaching on their lands.^[41] The pair departed Atalaia do Norte by boat on June 5, 2022, navigating the Itaquaí River to engage with representatives from groups like the Awá, amid a context of heightened vulnerability due to illegal fishing operations and narcotrafficking that had intensified threats to isolated populations.^[42] ^[8] This trip built on Phillips' prior reporting, which had highlighted conflicts between extractive industries and indigenous rights, but centered on constructive solutions rather than confrontation, reflecting his interest in scalable models for Amazon conservation.^[30] Pereira's involvement provided essential logistical and cultural navigation, leveraging his established networks to facilitate safe access and authentic interviews essential for the book's emphasis on collaborative preservation efforts.^[43]

Disappearance and Initial Search Efforts

On June 5, 2022, British journalist Dom Phillips and Brazilian indigenist Bruno Pereira departed from the Lago do Jaburu community by boat, intending to return to Atalaia do Norte via the Itacoaí River, a journey estimated at three hours.^[44]^[45] They had stopped earlier at the São Rafael community and were last sighted near São Gabriel da Cachoeira.^[44] Upon failing to arrive by 2:00 p.m., Indigenous leaders from São Rafael dispatched an initial search party along the river.^[44]^[46] The following day, June 6, Phillips's wife, Alessandra Sampaio, and his sister appealed publicly for urgent assistance, prompting Brazilian authorities to mobilize the Navy and Army for aerial and riverine searches in the Vale do Javari region.^[44]^[45] Two local fishermen were briefly detained and released during early inquiries.^[44] By June 7, federal police initiated a formal criminal investigation, deploying a helicopter to the remote area plagued by illegal fishing and logging.^[44]^[46] Sampaio issued a public plea emphasizing the pair's vulnerability in the isolated terrain.^[44] Search operations intensified over the subsequent days, incorporating volunteers and facing logistical challenges in the dense rainforest.^[47] On June 8, an individual was arrested in possession of drugs and a shotgun, though not directly linked at the time.^[44] Personal belongings, including a backpack and clothing identified as Phillips's, were recovered on June 10 near a residence in the vicinity, and additional items surfaced in flooded forest areas by June 13.^[44]^[47] Criticism emerged regarding the efficiency of military-led efforts, with locals and family expressing frustration over delayed and inadequate coverage of the expansive Javari Valley Indigenous Territory.^[44]^[48]

Murder and Investigation

Discovery of Remains and Initial Findings

On June 15, 2022, Brazilian Federal Police located human remains in the Amazon rainforest near the Itaquaí River in the Vale do Javari region, following directions provided after the confession of suspect Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, who admitted to the killings and burial site.^[49]^[50] Forensic examinations conducted by the National Institute of Criminalistics in Brasília confirmed on June 17, 2022, that one set of remains belonged to Dom Phillips, identified through dental records and anthropological analysis, while the second set was matched to Bruno Pereira via DNA comparison with family samples.^[51]^[52]^[53] Initial forensic reports indicated the bodies had been decapitated, dismembered, and burned, with Phillips' remains requiring advanced dental forensics due to the advanced state of decomposition and charring; the cause of death was not immediately determined pending further ballistic and toxicological analysis.^[54]^[55] Federal Police stated that the remains were found in shallow graves approximately 2-3 meters apart, consistent with the suspects' accounts of using a chainsaw and gasoline to dispose of the bodies shortly after the murders on or around June 5, 2022.^[56]

Arrests, Confessions, and Suspects

On June 10, 2022, Brazilian federal police arrested Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, a local fisherman known for illegal activities in the Javari Valley, as the primary suspect in the disappearance and presumed murders of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira. Oliveira, who had prior conflicts with Pereira over enforcement against illegal fishing, was detained near the town of Atalaia do Norte after witnesses reported seeing him with the victims' boat. Four days later, on June 14, 2022, authorities arrested Oliveira's brother, Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, on charges of obstructing justice and hiding bodies, as he was suspected of assisting in the disposal of evidence following the killings.^[57] Oseney surrendered without resistance and was held in Atalaia do Norte.^[44] Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira confessed to the murders on June 15, 2022, admitting he shot both victims with a shotgun during an altercation on the river and subsequently incinerated their bodies to conceal the crime.^[58] He led investigators to the burial site in the rainforest, where fragmented human remains were recovered and later confirmed through forensic analysis to include Phillips' via DNA matching.^[59] ^[60] Federal prosecutors formally charged Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira with double aggravated homicide on July 22, 2022, alongside two others—Jânio Freitas de Souza and another associate—for involvement in the killings or cover-up, based on witness statements and physical evidence linking them to illegal fishing networks opposed by Pereira.^[61] Investigations revealed that both Amarildo and associates had informal ties to local governance structures, including temporary contracts for community roles, though no direct state orchestration was substantiated.^[62] By November 2024, the case expanded to indict nine individuals total, including the Oliveira brothers, for homicide, criminal association, and evidence tampering, with prosecutors citing confessions and ballistic evidence tying the shotgun to Amarildo.^[63] However, in September 2024, charges of aggravated homicide were dropped against one suspect, a secondary figure, due to insufficient direct evidence of participation in the shootings.^[64] The primary suspects remain in custody pending trial, with Amarildo's confession upheld as central despite claims from his defense of coercion, which federal police investigations have not corroborated.^[65]

Legal Proceedings and Recent Developments

In June 2022, Brazilian federal police arrested Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, who confessed to killing Phillips and Pereira by shooting them during an encounter on the Itaquai River, motivated by a dispute over illegal fishing enforcement. His brother, Oseney da Costa de Oliveira, was also detained for allegedly assisting in hiding the bodies, while Jefferson da Silva Lima later confessed to participating in the murders and led authorities to the victims' remains and sunken boat.^[66] These arrests followed an initial investigation linking the killings to retaliation against Pereira's work curbing illicit activities in the Javari Valley Indigenous Territory.^[67] By November 2022, federal prosecutors charged Amarildo, Oseney, Jefferson, and fisherman Rubens da Silva Villar—identified as a potential intellectual author—with homicide and concealment of corpses, though Villar initially remained at large.^[68] Additional suspects, including Marcelo Pereira da Silva and Alcir da Silva Amaral, faced charges for body concealment.^[66] In June 2023, fresh charges expanded scrutiny to organized crime networks involved in fish trafficking, implicating more individuals in the broader context.^[66] In September 2024, a Brazilian appeals court dropped murder charges against Oseney da Costa de Oliveira due to insufficient evidence tying him directly to the killings, upholding the decision despite family appeals for full accountability; prosecutors filed to reinstate his trial in February 2025.^[64] Federal police concluded their two-year investigation in November 2024, indicting nine individuals total, including Amarildo and Jefferson for the homicides and Rubens da Silva Villar—the alleged mastermind—for ordering the crime amid illegal fishing disputes.^[69] As of October 2025, Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, Jefferson da Silva Lima, and remaining charged suspects remain in custody awaiting trial in Brazil's federal courts, with no convictions secured three years after the murders; advocates continue pressing for expedited proceedings amid concerns over delays in environmental crime cases.^[70]^[71] The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights acknowledged investigative progress in April 2025 but urged enhanced protection for journalists and indigenists in the region.^[72]

Aftermath

Funerals and Memorials

Dom Phillips' funeral was held on June 26, 2022, at Parque da Colina Cemetery in Niterói, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, three weeks after his murder in the Amazon.^[73] ^[14] Attendees included his wife Alessandra Sampaio, siblings Sian and Gareth Phillips, and brother-in-law Paul Sherwood, with friends and relatives paying final respects amid expressions of grief.^[14] ^[74] The service followed the funeral of his companion Bruno Pereira on June 24, 2022, in Teffé, Amazonas, which drew indigenous leaders and participants who honored Pereira with traditional songs and dances.^[17] ^[75] In response to Phillips' death, Brazil observed a three-day national period of mourning, with flags flown at half-mast on public buildings.^[76] Memorial events continued on anniversaries of the killings; on June 5, 2023, gatherings occurred in multiple Brazilian cities and London to commemorate Phillips and Pereira, focusing on their advocacy for indigenous rights and environmental protection.^[77] A tribute to Phillips was also delivered at the National Union of Journalists' delegate meeting in April 2023 by his niece Domonique Davies.^[78] On June 5, 2025, marking three years since the murders, over 100 people assembled at the Gregson Community Centre in Lancaster, UK—Phillips' hometown—for a commemorative event that included music and reflections on his life and work.^[79] These memorials underscored Phillips' legacy in journalism and Amazon conservation, with participants emphasizing the ongoing need for accountability in the region.^[80]

Completion of Phillips' Book and Continued Reporting

Following Phillips' murder on June 14, 2022, a group of his journalist colleagues, friends, and widow Alessandra Sampaio undertook efforts to complete his unfinished book manuscript, titled How to Save the Amazon: A Journalist's Fatal Quest for Answers.^[81]^[10] The book, which Phillips had been researching for three years with input from Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira, focused on sustainable economic models and collaborative strategies to protect the Amazon rainforest from deforestation and illegal activities.^[43]^[82] The completion process involved accessing Phillips' notes, recordings, and partial drafts, supplemented by additional reporting from contributors including Jonathan Watts of The Guardian, who coordinated efforts to fill gaps left by Phillips' death during fieldwork in the Javari Valley.^[83]^[84] This collective endeavor, described by participants as a solidarity project transforming personal loss into shared advocacy, resulted in the book's publication in May 2025 by Chelsea Green Publishing.^[10]^[82] The final version emphasized practical solutions like community-led enterprises and policy reforms, drawing on Phillips' interviews with Indigenous leaders and experts, while avoiding unsubstantiated narratives about his killing to prioritize the original environmental focus.^[38]^[70] In parallel, Phillips' death spurred continued investigative reporting on Amazon governance and threats, including a 2023 cross-border project by journalists from 10 countries under the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, which examined organized crime networks in the region as a tribute to Phillips and Pereira.^[85] This work built on Phillips' themes of illegal fishing, logging, and land encroachment, documenting persistent vulnerabilities in the Javari Valley despite federal interventions.^[86] Such efforts highlighted ongoing risks to reporters, with Reporters Without Borders noting 85 press freedom violations in the Amazon since 2022, often linked to obstructions by local actors.^[71]

Controversies and Broader Implications

Theories on Motive and Perpetrators

The primary theory advanced by Brazilian federal police and prosecutors posits that the murders stemmed from a confrontation between Bruno Pereira and illegal fishermen operating in the Javari Valley, a region plagued by poaching, logging, and drug trafficking. Pereira, an expert on Indigenous affairs, had been conducting unauthorized patrols to monitor and deter such activities, which encroached on protected Indigenous territories. On June 5, 2022, he and Phillips encountered suspects engaged in illegal fishing, leading to a perceived threat that escalated to violence; Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira, known as "Pelado," confessed to shooting Pereira first after an argument, then killing Phillips to eliminate witnesses.^[69]^[67]^[87] Investigators have linked the killings to broader criminal networks profiting from resource extraction in the Amazon, with evidence including ballistic matches from recovered firearms, witness testimonies, and the suspects' admissions guiding searches to the victims' remains and sunken boat. In November 2024, federal police formally charged Rubén Dario da Silva Villar, alias "Colombia," as the alleged mastermind, accusing him of funding and arming the perpetrators—Amarildo and his brother Osenildo—to execute the crime and conceal evidence, motivated by the need to protect illegal fishing and poaching operations that Pereira actively opposed. Eight additional individuals face charges for aiding in body disposal or obstruction, underscoring a coordinated effort rather than isolated vigilantism.^[69]^[88]^[63] Alternative theories have surfaced amid political debates, particularly from former President Jair Bolsonaro and allies, who initially speculated that the deaths resulted from internal conflicts within Indigenous communities or unauthorized entry into restricted areas, downplaying criminal involvement to critique environmental activism. These claims lack empirical support from forensic evidence or confessions and have been repudiated by the victims' families and investigators, who cite Pereira's explicit focus on combating non-Indigenous criminal incursions as the causal trigger. Some observers, including Indigenous leaders, have called for probing deeper ties to drug cartels using Amazon rivers for trafficking, given the region's overlap of illegal economies, though police reports emphasize localized fishing disputes as the immediate motive without confirmed higher-level orchestration beyond Villar.^[70]^[89]^[90]

Political Debates on Amazon Governance and Responsibility

The murders of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira on June 5, 2022, in the Javari Valley ignited debates over the Brazilian federal government's role in securing remote Amazonian territories against illegal activities such as fishing, mining, and logging. Critics, including environmental NGOs and opposition politicians, argued that policies under President Jair Bolsonaro had eroded institutional capacity, with budget cuts to agencies like the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama) reducing enforcement presence and emboldening criminal networks.^[91]^[92] Bolsonaro's administration faced accusations of delayed search efforts, with the initial response criticized for lacking urgency; the president remarked that "something wicked" had occurred but also suggested the victims had ventured into a high-risk area unnecessarily, implying shared responsibility.^[93]^[94] These events amplified longstanding partisan divides, with left-leaning figures and international observers attributing governance failures to Bolsonaro's emphasis on economic development over conservation, which coincided with a surge in Amazon murders—1,432 in Amazonas state alone in 2022, 74% above the national average—and unchecked mafia-like control in border regions.^[95]^[96] Defenders of Bolsonaro countered that local criminal elements, including drug traffickers and illegal fishermen directly implicated in the killings, operated independently of federal policy, and that foreign advocacy sometimes exaggerated state culpability to undermine Brazilian sovereignty.^[97] The United Nations and human rights groups condemned the murders as symptomatic of broader impunity, urging stronger protections for indigenous guardians and journalists without directly apportioning blame but highlighting systemic under-resourcing.^[98] Following Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's inauguration in January 2023, debates shifted toward expectations of reform, with Lula pledging renewed commitment to Amazon security; on the first anniversary of the murders, he announced the creation of an Amazon Security and Protection Force to combat illegal exploitation, framing it as a direct response to vulnerabilities exposed by the case.^[99] Administration officials visited the Javari Valley in February 2023 to signal increased oversight, yet indigenous leaders reported persistent threats, stating that perpetrators "would be killed again" under current conditions due to inadequate on-the-ground enforcement.^[100]^[70] Critics from across the spectrum noted that impunity endures, with only partial convictions of the confessed killers by 2025 and ongoing gang dominance, questioning whether Lula's initiatives sufficiently address root causes like inter-agency coordination and local corruption beyond rhetorical shifts.^[71]^[101]

Criticisms of Phillips' Approach and Environmental Advocacy

President Jair Bolsonaro criticized Phillips' journalistic approach, stating on June 15, 2022, that the reporter "was frowned upon in the Amazon region" due to his extensive coverage of illegal gold mining (garimpo) and other extractive activities, which Bolsonaro implied contributed to local animosity toward him.^[102] Bolsonaro further remarked that Phillips should have "paid more attention to himself," portraying the journalist's decision to enter remote areas without security as reckless and an "unsavoury adventure" in a "completely wild" environment.^[94] These comments suggested that Phillips' emphasis on environmental crimes and indigenous protections overlooked the economic dependencies of local communities on fishing, mining, and logging, potentially heightening tensions rather than fostering balanced solutions.^[103] Supporters of Bolsonaro echoed this view, framing Phillips' advocacy as antagonistic toward livelihoods in the Amazon, where illegal activities often supplement income amid limited legal alternatives.^[59] Then-Vice President Hamilton Mourão described Phillips as "unpopular in the region" and suggested his death was "collateral damage" from unrelated local conflicts, implying the journalist's outsider perspective failed to account for entrenched social dynamics between indigenous groups, ribeirinhos (riverside dwellers), and illicit operators.^[103] Critics of Phillips' method argued it prioritized alarmist narratives on deforestation and resource exploitation—such as his reporting on illegal fishing incursions into reserves—over pragmatic engagement with non-indigenous communities reliant on these practices for survival, exacerbating "fabricated" conflicts between stakeholders.^[104] Phillips' environmental focus, including support for indigenous-led patrols that restricted access to fishing grounds, drew ire from pescadores (fishermen) who viewed such measures as existential threats to their sustenance in impoverished areas like the Vale do Javari, where overfishing had depleted stocks but alternatives remained scarce.^[105] While Phillips advocated sustainable development models in his unfinished book How to Save the Amazon, detractors contended this overlooked the causal role of poverty and weak state presence in driving illicit economies, rendering his prescriptions idealistic and disconnected from ground-level enforcement challenges.^[7] These perspectives, primarily from pro-development figures, highlighted a perceived bias in Phillips' work toward elite environmental concerns over the immediate needs of Amazonian underclasses.^[102]

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Jul 2, 2022 · Born July 23rd, 1964. Died June 5th, 2022. In recent years the journalist Dom Phillips, who was killed aged 57 during a reporting trip to ...
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[25]
'Dom was one of the best - quiet but curious' - BBC
Jun 17, 2022 · Dom used to edit Mixmag, a UK magazine about electronic music. He had some DJ friends here in São Paulo and Brazil seemed a perfect refuge far ...
[26]
'The hardest-working freelance in Brazil' - Dom Phillips, 1964-2022
Before arriving in Brazil, Dom's career in the UK was as a music journalist, on Mixmag – "during the 1990s when that scene was at its height". When he ...
[27]
Dom Phillips, Author at The Intercept
Oct 5, 2018 · Dom Phillips was born and raised on Merseyside in the UK and moved to Brazil in 2007. He is currently based in Rio de Janeiro, where he reports for The ...
[28]
Dom Phillips | The Guardian
Dom Phillips reported for the Guardian from Brazil. He was killed in 2022 alongside the Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira while reporting a book on the Amazon.
[29]
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/23/tribes-in-deep-water-gold-guns-and-the-amazons-last-frontier
[30]
In his own words: Dom Phillips' reporting on Brazil and the Amazon
Jun 17, 2022 · Dom Phillips, whose death in the Amazon has shocked many, was a frequent contributor to the Guardian. Here are some of his outstanding pieces of journalism.
[31]
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/24/bolsonaro-backers-wage-war-on-the-rainforest
[32]
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/04/we-are-fighting-brazils-indigenous-groups-unite-to-protect-their-land
[33]
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/mar/25/brazil-meat-giant-jbs-vows-net-zero-by-2040-amid-record-profits
[34]
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/29/illegal-goldminers-brazil-indigenous-communities-garimpeiros-aoe
[35]
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/another-huge-and-open-iron-mine-is-carved-out-of-brazils-rain-forest/2015/04/13/cc1ce49a-cd75-11e4-8730-4f473416e759_story.html
[36]
Dom Phillips Killed - Committee to Protect Journalists
Jun 5, 2022 · British freelance journalist Dominic “Dom” Phillips went missing on June 5, 2022, during a reporting trip in the Brazilian Amazon with Indigenous issues expert ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[37]
How to Save the Amazon: A journalist's fatal quest for answers
Journalist Dom Phillips traveled deep into the Amazon rainforest searching for solutions to the problem of deforestation, a threat to the local ecosystem, ...Missing: articles | Show results with:articles
[38]
The Book Nearly Died With Him in the Amazon. But the Story Endured.
Jun 11, 2025 · Killed in the rainforest he hoped to help save, the journalist Dom Phillips left behind an unfinished manuscript. Those who knew him carried it forward.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[39]
Investigating Organized Crime in the Amazon: The Bruno and Dom ...
Three local fishermen are in jail for the murders of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips. Two confessed to the crime days after the disappearance of the ...
[40]
Javari valley: the lawless primal wilderness where Dom Phillips ...
Jun 9, 2022 · Wedged alongside the border with Peru, the Javari valley is the largest refuge for Indigenous tribes living in isolation from the outside world.Missing: context | Show results with:context
[41]
The writer and the activist: how Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira ...
Jun 14, 2022 · He chose to focus on Amazonian development and study – which projects work over the long term and which make the rainforest and the people who ...Missing: early assignments
[42]
Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: 'A tragedy foretold' - BBC
Jun 13, 2022 · Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira went missing in a remote part of the Amazon rainforest on 5 June. In the Javari valley, rivers act as roads.Missing: context | Show results with:context
[43]
Dom Phillips' posthumous book centers on collaborative work for ...
A journalist's fatal quest for answers, by Phillips with contributors, will be launched ...Missing: major publications<|separator|>
[44]
The disappearance of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira – a timeline
Jun 17, 2022 · Local Indigenous leaders sounded the alarm and sent a search party after they failed to arrive at their destination by 2pm. Monday. 6 June.Missing: initial | Show results with:initial
[45]
Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: Police find belongings of missing pair
Jun 12, 2022 · The pair went missing while travelling by boat on a reporting trip in a remote Amazon rainforest on 5 June. Mr Phillips' wife and mother-in-law ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[46]
A British writer and a Brazil Indigenous official are missing in ... - NPR
Jun 7, 2022 · A British journalist and an Indigenous affairs official are still missing in a remote part of Brazil's Amazon as authorities say they are expanding search ...Missing: timeline | Show results with:timeline
[47]
Items belonging to Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira found in Amazon
Jun 14, 2022 · Personal items belonging to the British journalist Dom Phillips and Brazilian Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira have been found in an area of flooded forest.
[48]
Search for Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira Becomes a Homicide ...
Jun 14, 2022 · The police arrested a second suspect after Dom Phillips, a British journalist, and Bruno Araújo Pereira, a Brazilian expert on Indigenous people, went missing.<|control11|><|separator|>
[49]
A British journalist's remains have been found in Brazil's Amazon ...
Jun 17, 2022 · Federal police said Friday that human remains found deep in Brazil's Amazon have been identified as belonging to British journalist Dom Phillips.Missing: initial | Show results with:initial
[50]
Brazilian authorities confirm human remains found in search for ...
Jun 15, 2022 · Brazilian authorities confirm human remains found in search for missing journalist Dom Phillips and Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira. June 15 ...Missing: date initial
[51]
British Journalist Dom Phillips's Remains Identified, Brazil's Police Say
Jun 17, 2022 · A forensic exam carried out on human remains found in the Amazon rainforest confirmed on Friday that they belonged to the British journalist Dom Phillips.
[52]
Remains of UK journalist Phillips identified in Brazil - BBC
Jun 18, 2022 · Mr Phillips, 57, and Mr Pereira, 41, were first reported missing on 5 June. Earlier this week, a suspect confessed to burying the bodies.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[53]
Brazil police: Remains found those of British journalist Dom Phillips
Jun 17, 2022 · “The confirmation (of Phillips' remains) was made based on dental examinations and anthropological forensics,” Federal Police said in a ...Missing: autopsy results findings
[54]
Dom Phillips' Cause of Death Yet Undetermined as Officials Identify ...
Jun 17, 2022 · National Institute of Criminalistics in Brasília identified the remains of Phillips with a dental examination, reports CNN Brasil. Police told ...
[55]
Brazil: Police confirm remains belong to British journalist - DW
Jun 17, 2022 · A forensic examination on remains found in the Amazon confirmed they belonged to British journalist Dom Phillips. A second set of remains, ...Missing: autopsy findings
[56]
Police say remains found in Brazilian Amazon belong to Dom Phillips
Jun 17, 2022 · Forensic tests carried out on human remains found in the Brazilian Amazon have confirmed that they belonged to Dom Phillips, the British journalist who went ...Missing: autopsy results<|separator|>
[57]
Suspect reportedly confesses to killing Dom Phillips, Araújo Pereira ...
Jun 15, 2022 · Police say the man, who is the brother of the suspect arrested last week, did not resist arrest on suspicion of homicide. Reuters witnesses saw ...
[58]
Fisherman confesses to killing pair missing in Amazon, leads police ...
Jun 16, 2022 · A federal police investigator said a suspect confessed and detailed what happened to Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira.Missing: timeline | Show results with:timeline
[59]
Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: Suspect leads police to ... - BBC
Jun 16, 2022 · Mr Phillips, 57, and Mr Pereira, 41, disappeared in a remote part of the Amazon rainforest that is rife with illegal poaching, mining and ...
[60]
Brazil: Suspect confesses to killing Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira ...
Jun 16, 2022 · A federal police investigator said Wednesday night, June 15, that a suspect has confessed to fatally shooting an Indigenous expert and a journalist in a remote ...
[61]
Brazilian prosecutors charge three suspects in Amazon murders
Jul 22, 2022 · Federal prosecutors in Brazil have charged three men for the murders of British journalist Dom ... On the day they were murdered, Pereira ...
[62]
Brazil: Two of those arrested for the murder of Dom Phillips and ...
"Jânio Freitas de Souza and Otávio da Costa Oliveira, arrested by the Brazilian Federal Police a month ago for involvement in the murder of English ...
[63]
Brazil: an indictment for the murders of Dom Phillips and Bruno ...
Nov 6, 2024 · A total of nine individuals were charged for both the murders ... 2022, when Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira were murdered, and June 2024.Missing: confessions | Show results with:confessions
[64]
Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: murder charge dropped against ...
Sep 18, 2024 · Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: murder charge dropped against one of three suspects ... charged Oseney with double aggravated homicide ...Missing: confessions | Show results with:confessions<|separator|>
[65]
Brazil: Arrested suspects confess participation in murder of Bruno ...
Brazil: Arrested suspects confess participation in murder of Bruno and Dom Phillips and declare that bodies were incinerated · الجدول الزمني · Brasil: Para a ...
[66]
Dom Phillips: Fresh charges over murder of British journalist - BBC
Jun 5, 2023 · Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira and Jefferson da Silva Lima are awaiting trial, as is Amarildo da Costa de Oliveira's brother Oseney, who denies ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[67]
Brazil police conclude investigation into murders of Dom Phillips ...
Nov 5, 2024 · Amarildo and Jefferson confessed, leading investigators to the burial site and the sunken boat used by the victims the day they were murdered.
[68]
Brazilian police identify alleged mastermind in Amazon murders
Jan 24, 2023 · ... conviction” that Ruben Dario da Silva Villar was behind the June 2022 slayings. ... list 3 of 3Brazil police say remains of journalist Dom ...
[69]
Alleged mastermind in murders of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira ...
Nov 4, 2024 · Federal police in Brazil have formally charged the alleged mastermind of the murders of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira in the Amazon.
[70]
https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/dom-phillips-bruno-pereira-would-be-killed-again-indigenous-leader-says/
[71]
Brazil: three years after the murder of Dom Phillips and Bruno ... - RSF
Jun 4, 2025 · Dom Phillips was murdered while reporting for his upcoming book on the environmental issues in the Amazon. To make sure his work was not in ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[72]
https://www.oas.org/en/IACHR/jsForm/?File=/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2025/068.asp
[73]
Murdered British journalist Dom Phillips laid to rest in Brazil
Jun 26, 2022 · The British journalist Dom Phillips has been laid to rest in Brazil, exactly three weeks after he was gunned down while journeying through the Amazon.Missing: memorials | Show results with:memorials
[74]
Funeral held for slain British journalist – DW – 06/27/2022
Jun 27, 2022 · Family members and friends paid their last respects on Sunday to British journalist Dom Phillips, who was murdered in the Amazon earlier this month.Missing: memorials | Show results with:memorials
[75]
Sadness and outrage at the funeral of indigenous expert killed ...
Jul 1, 2022 · British journalist Dom Phillips's memorial was held on the following day, in Niteroi city, near Rio de Janeiro. Phillips was a contributor ...
[76]
In Memoriam: Dom Phillips - Story Productions Brazil
Sep 21, 2022 · Brazil honoured the passing with a three day mourning period with flags lowered down at half mast on all public buildings throughout the nation.
[77]
Events in Brazil and UK to celebrate lives of Dom Phillips and Bruno ...
Jun 5, 2023 · Friends and admirers of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira are preparing to gather in towns and cities across Brazil as well as London to remember the men and the ...
[78]
DM2023: tribute to Dom Phillips - National Union of Journalists
Apr 29, 2023 · DM2023: tribute to Dom Phillips. 29 Apr 2023. Domonique Davies, niece of the environmental journalist killed in Brazil, spoke to conference.
[79]
Lancaster musician joins special event to mark three years since her ...
Jun 6, 2025 · More than 100 people gathered in the Gregson Community Centre to commemorate three years since the deaths of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira in Brazilian ...
[80]
One year after their killing, loved ones pay tribute to duo slain in ...
Jun 5, 2023 · Ahead of the first anniversary of Phillips' disappearance, his family and friends have launched a fundraiser to complete his work. A group of ...
[81]
Dom Phillips' widow and friend finished the book he was writing ...
Jun 20, 2025 · The journalist Dom Phillips was deep in a part of the Amazon rainforest known as the Javari Valley, halfway through writing his book about the ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
[82]
https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/how-to-save-the-amazon/
[83]
Q&A: Jonathan Watts on Finishing His Murdered Friend's Book
Jun 11, 2025 · When Dom Phillips was killed in the Amazon, in 2022, a group of journalists carried on his work. June 11, 2025 By Yona TR Golding. Dom Phillips.Missing: career | Show results with:career<|control11|><|separator|>
[84]
Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira | The Guardian
May 27, 2025 · Three local men were later charged with their murders, while a fourth has been charged with ordering the crime. All are in custody awaiting ...
[85]
How journalists from 10 countries investigated organized crime in ...
How journalists from 10 countries investigated organized crime in the Amazon in memory of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira. By Carolina de Assis ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[86]
Two years after reporter's murder in the Amazon, RSF deplores ...
Jun 5, 2024 · Journalists have continued to be subjected to repeated obstruction in the Amazon since the double murder. The 85 press freedom violations ...
[87]
Brazil prosecutors charge three suspects in murder of British ... - PBS
Jul 22, 2022 · Public prosecutors have charged three individuals with the June murder of British journalist Dom Phillips and Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira.
[88]
Brazilian police reveal potential motives for murders of Bruno ...
The police also accused Rubén Dario da Silva Villar, known as 'Colombia,' as the mastermind behind the crime. Eight other people were accused of being involved.Missing: evidence | Show results with:evidence
[89]
Families of Bruno and Dom repudiate Omar Aziz's comments on the ...
Nov 1, 2024 · Senator Aziz's speech re-victimises Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips, who were killed in the noble exercise of their professions, and their ...
[90]
I knew the men murdered in the Amazon—and their alleged killer
Jun 27, 2022 · The slayings of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira mark a new escalation in the battle for the Amazon, its resources, and its Indigenous defenders.
[91]
The Amazon's defenders face deadly risks. Critics say Bolsonaro is ...
Jun 13, 2022 · Critics say Bolsonaro is making it worse. Fears are mounting over the fates of Dom Phillips and Bruno Araújo Pereira – who have been missing in ...Missing: response | Show results with:response
[92]
Murder in the Amazon: how much are Bolsonaro's policies to blame?
Jun 18, 2022 · The Bolsonaro government has drawn criticism that the government didn't respond fast enough when the two men were reported missing last week.
[93]
Bolsonaro says 'something wicked' done to Dom Phillips and Bruno ...
Jun 13, 2022 · Brazil president comments on journalist and Indigenous expert's fate amid unconfirmed claims bodies have been found in Amazon.
[94]
Jair Bolsonaro Must Answer for the Murders of Dom Phillips and ...
Jun 16, 2022 · Bolsonaro implicitly criticized Phillips, saying his reporting on illegal mining and other illicit activities in the Amazon had made him an ...
[95]
Brazilian Amazon at risk of being taken over by mafia, ex-police ...
Jun 1, 2023 · In Amazonas state, where Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips were among 1,432 people killed last year, the murder rate was 74% above the national ...
[96]
A Three Border Problem: Holding Back the Amazon's Criminal ...
Jul 17, 2024 · The murders of Dom Phillips, a correspondent for the British newspaper The Guardian, ... They may commit a murder in Tabatinga, Brazil, but ...<|separator|>
[97]
Brazil: Murders of Dom Phillips & Bruno Pereira Tied to Bolsonaro ...
Aug 18, 2022 · We look at the recent murders of British journalist Dom Phillips and Indigenous researcher Bruno Pereira in Brazil's Amazon rainforest and ...Missing: response criticism
[98]
Bolsonaro blamed as UN, activists denounce Amazon murders
Bolsonaro blamed as UN, activists denounce Amazon murders. The UN as well as environmental and rights groups expressed outrage at the murder of British ...Missing: response | Show results with:response
[99]
Brazil announces measures to expand protection of the Amazon
Jun 6, 2023 · ... Dom Phillips, both murdered in the Amazon a year ago. In the presence of their families, Lula announced Brazil's new Amazon Security and ...Missing: governance | Show results with:governance
[100]
Brazil officials visit Amazon region where British journalist and ...
Feb 28, 2023 · Brazil officials visit Amazon region where British journalist and Indigenous expert were killed. The visit was seen as a demonstration of the ...Missing: governance | Show results with:governance
[101]
2 years after Bruno & Dom's murders, Amazon region still rife with ...
Jun 10, 2024 · British journalist Dom Phillips and Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira were shot to death June 5, 2022, in a remote area of Brazil's Amazonas state ...
[102]
Bolsonaro says Dom should have paid more attention - Folha
Jun 15, 2022 · President is criticized for disrespecting the journalist, who had his work supported and defended by the indigenous people.Missing: supporters | Show results with:supporters<|separator|>
[103]
Dom Phillips was 'collateral damage' in drunken ambush, claims ...
Jun 21, 2022 · Phillips was working on a book about sustainable development called How to Save the Amazon ... Phillips was unpopular in the region. Phillips and ...
[104]
A pesca ilegal, a última história de Dom Phillips - Amazônia Real
Jun 1, 2023 · Dom Phillips encontrava-se ali a trabalho, apurando novas ... conflito “fabricado” entre indígenas e pescadores. “O Estado do ...
[105]
Como começou o conflito no Vale do Javari e por que os indígenas ...
Jun 11, 2022 · ... Dom Phillips, era considerada um "armazém" de pescadores e caçadores ilegais. Extraídos intensamente, os recursos naturais começaram a ...<|separator|>