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Doris

Doris may refer to:
  • A [[given name]] of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin
  • [[Doris (mythology)|Doris]], a sea goddess in Greek mythology
  • [[Doris, Texas]], a community in the United States (or other places)
  • [[Doris (spider)|Doris]], a genus of sea slugs
  • [[Apache Doris]], an open-source analytical database (under Science and technology)
For other uses, see [[Doris (disambiguation)]].

Etymology and mythology

Given name origin

The name Doris originates from the Δωρίς (Dōris), which translates to "Dorian woman," referring to the , a tribe that settled in the around the 12th century BC. The term derives from the small district of Doris in , traditionally named after Doros, the legendary ancestor of the . Alternative interpretations link it to "gift" or "bounty," potentially evoking "gift of the " through associations with maritime themes in . As a feminine given name, Doris gained prominence in English-speaking countries during the late 19th century, influenced by renewed interest in classical Greek literature and mythology. Its popularity surged in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s, peaking at rank #6 in 1929 and ranking #13 overall for the decade of the 1930s, with over 100,000 girls named Doris between 1930 and 1939. By the 1960s, however, usage declined rapidly amid shifting naming trends favoring more modern or international options, dropping out of the top 1,000 names after 1992 and remaining rare since. Common variations and diminutives include Dori, Dorie, , and , which offer affectionate shortenings while retaining the original's essence. Although predominantly feminine, Doris has seen rare masculine usage, notably in the case of Doris "Dorie" Miller, the African American Navy hero of , whose name stemmed from his mother's expectation of a daughter. The name's adoption in contemporary contexts often nods briefly to its mythological roots as a sea nymph in tradition.

Mythological figures

In , Doris was a prominent Oceanid, one of the three thousand nymph daughters of the and Tethys, who embodied the flowing waters of the world. She married , the shape-shifting "" known for his prophetic wisdom and gentle nature, and together they became the parents of the fifty , beautiful sea nymphs who personified the sea's various aspects, from calm waves to bountiful fishing grounds. This lineage established Doris as a key figure in the divine genealogy of marine deities, symbolizing the fruitful union of freshwater and saltwater realms. Hesiod's (c. 8th–7th century BCE) provides the earliest detailed account of Doris, portraying her as "rich-haired Doris, daughter of the perfect river," and crediting her with birthing the , "sisters renowned, glorious and fair of face." In this foundational text, her role underscores themes of maritime abundance and the interconnectedness of cosmic waters, with the later appearing in like Homer's as attendants to sea gods and protectors of heroes at sea. Apollodorus's Library (c. ) echoes this genealogy, listing Doris explicitly as Nereus's consort and mother to such as (mother of Achilles) and (wife of ), reinforcing her symbolic ties to the sea's nurturing and prophetic qualities. The name Doris, derived from the Greek term for "Dorian woman," connects the figure to the ancient tribes of , evoking symbolic representations of both maritime bounty and the rugged landscapes of the Dorian homeland near in some interpretive traditions. This etymological link highlights her dual symbolism of oceanic fertility and terrestrial origins, though she remains distinct from Dorus, the eponymous son of and legendary ancestor of the in Herodotus's Histories. Unlike the mortal-heroic Dorus, who founded tribal lineages on land, the Doris inhabits the divine aquatic sphere, with no direct genealogical overlap in classical accounts.

People

Entertainers and artists

(1922–2019) was an , singer, and prominent figure in mid-20th-century , known for her wholesome persona in romantic comedies and musicals. She rose to fame with her debut film in 1948 and became a top box-office draw in the 1950s and 1960s, starring in hits like (1959), for which she received an Academy Award nomination for . As a singer, Day achieved massive success with songs such as "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)" from the 1956 film The Man Who Knew Too Much, which won the Academy Award for and topped the . Later in her career, she founded the Doris Day Animal Foundation in 1978 to support initiatives, though her primary legacy remains in performance arts. Doris Roberts (1925–2016) was an American actress celebrated for her comedic roles in television, particularly as the meddlesome mother Marie Barone on the sitcom (1996–2005). Her portrayal earned her four for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005, along with seven nominations overall for the role. Roberts also received an Emmy in 1983 for a guest appearance on , showcasing her versatility in dramatic work before her sitcom stardom. Doris Burke is an American sports broadcaster who has been a trailblazer in NBA coverage since joining in the 1990s, serving as a sideline reporter and analyst for both and . In 2020, she became the first woman to serve as a game analyst for the on any platform, providing commentary for during the conference finals and Finals amid the . Burke's work extended to television in subsequent years, including as part of 's top NBA broadcast team until 2025, when she joined the No. 2 team, highlighting her enduring impact on sports entertainment. Doris Dragović (born 1953) is a Croatian singer renowned for her participation in major European music competitions, representing at the in 1986 with the song "Željo moja." Performed in , , the entry placed 11th with 49 points. She also represented in 1999 with "Marija Magdalena", finishing 4th with 118 points, marking a notable performance in her long career spanning pop and rock genres.

Authors, journalists, and activists

Doris Lessing (1919–2013) was a British-Zimbabwean novelist renowned for her explorations of women's inner lives, colonialism, and social issues. Born Doris May Taylor on October 22, 1919, in Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran), to British parents, she moved with her family to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1924, where she grew up on a farm and received much of her education through reading. Lessing's early experiences in colonial Africa profoundly influenced her writing, which often critiqued racial and gender inequalities. She gained international acclaim with her 1962 novel The Golden Notebook, a semi-autobiographical work that dissects the fragmented psyche of a woman writer grappling with personal and political turmoil, and has been hailed as a cornerstone of feminist literature for its examination of feminism, psychology, and the constraints of mid-20th-century society. In 2007, Lessing became the 11th woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded for "the epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny," recognizing her vast oeuvre of over 50 works spanning fiction, autobiography, and poetry. Doris Kearns Goodwin (born 1943) is an American historian, biographer, and political commentator whose works illuminate the leadership and personal dynamics of U.S. presidents. Born on January 4, 1943, in , , she earned a Ph.D. in government from and began her career in academia before entering public service. In 1967, as a White House Fellow, she served as a special assistant to President , advising him on policy and contributing to his post-presidency memoir, an experience that shaped her empathetic approach to historical figures. Goodwin's 1994 book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The in earned the 1995 , praised for its detailed portrayal of the Roosevelts' partnership and the domestic mobilization during the war. As a political commentator, she has appeared frequently on television programs like and ABC's This Week, offering historical context on contemporary events, and her best-selling biographies, including those of and , have made complex presidential narratives accessible to broad audiences. Doris Eaton Travis (1904–2010) was an American dancer and actress known for her early career in the Ziegfeld Follies. Born on March 14, 1904, in Norfolk, Virginia, she later became a rancher in Oklahoma. Doris Stevens (1888–1963) was a pivotal American suffragist and women's rights advocate who played a key organizational role in the fight for the 19th Amendment. Born on November 21, 1888, in Omaha, Nebraska, she graduated from Oberlin College in 1911 and quickly joined the suffrage movement, working as an organizer for the National American Woman Suffrage Association before aligning with the more militant Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. In 1914, Stevens became executive secretary of the Congressional Union, which evolved into the National Woman's Party (NWP) in 1916, and by 1920, she was appointed the first female executive secretary of the NWP, managing its operations and lobbying efforts post-ratification. She endured multiple arrests during protests, including the 1917 "Night of Terror" at Occoquan Workhouse, and documented these experiences in her 1920 book Jailed for Freedom, a firsthand account that chronicled the imprisonment and resilience of NWP activists. Stevens continued her advocacy internationally as chair of the Inter-American Commission of Women from 1928 to 1939, pushing for women's legal equality across the Americas.

Military and historical figures

Doris "Dorie" Miller (1919–1943) was an African-American sailor in the who demonstrated extraordinary heroism during the on December 7, 1941. Serving as a mess attendant second class aboard the USS West Virginia, Miller aided in carrying wounded shipmates to safety before manning an anti-aircraft gun, despite lacking formal training on the weapon, and firing at enemy aircraft until ordered to abandon ship. For his actions, Miller became the first African American to receive the , awarded on May 27, 1942, by Admiral during a ceremony in . Miller continued his service in the Pacific theater and was killed in action on November 24, 1943, when the was torpedoed during the . In recognition of his legacy, the U.S. announced on January 20, 2020, that a Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier, CVN-81, would be named , marking the first time such a vessel was named for an African American. Doris I. Long (c. 1920–2005) was an American pilot who served with the (WASP) during , contributing to the war effort by ferrying aircraft and performing other non-combat flying duties. As a member of WASP Class 43-W-8, Long trained at Avenger Field in , and flew various , including pursuit planes and bombers, to support the Allied forces by freeing male pilots for overseas combat roles. Her service exemplified the pioneering role of women in U.S. , as the WASP program trained over 1,000 female pilots between 1942 and 1944 to address critical shortages in domestic air transport. Long's contributions helped advance gender integration in aviation, and she remained active in WASP alumni efforts until her death on January 5, 2005. Doris Zames Fleischer (born 1924) was an American scholar and activist whose work focused on the historical and social dimensions of in the United States. A professor in the Department of Humanities at the , Fleischer co-authored the seminal book The : From Charity to Confrontation (Temple University Press, 2001; updated edition 2011) with her sister Frieda Zames, providing a comprehensive history of the movement from early institutionalization efforts to modern civil struggles. The book addresses opposition to practices, drawing parallels between Nazi Germany's programs of forced sterilization and during and similar policies in the U.S., emphasizing how activists resisted such ideologies. Fleischer's and highlighted the of with broader issues, influencing policy and education on and .

Fictional characters

In literature and animation

In literature, the name Doris has been used for various fictional characters, often embodying themes of resilience, adventure, and self-discovery. One early example is the titular protagonist in Florence Warden's 1886 novel Doris's Fortune, where Doris, a young woman, navigates social expectations and inheritance challenges in Victorian England, highlighting class dynamics and personal agency. Another notable appearance is in H.O. Ward's historical fiction Dog Dirt Doris (2008), depicting Doris as a World War I nurse based on real events, symbolizing courage and the harsh realities of wartime medical service. In children's literature, Doris features as the central character in Lo Cole's picture book Doris (2024), portraying a shy red elephant who learns to embrace her distinct appearance amid a herd, promoting messages of self-acceptance and individuality. For modern narratives, Sofia Lundberg's The Red Address Book (2019) centers on Doris, a 96-year-old Swedish émigré reflecting on her century-long life across continents, exploring feminist ideals of independence and legacy in a style reminiscent of introspective women's tales. In animation, Doris appears as the spirited black-and-white in the Doris (1983–1985), created by Hilary Hayton, where she embarks on whimsical adventures with feline friends, emphasizing , , and everyday problem-solving for preschool audiences. Similarly, in the 1988 Canadian animated short The Dingles, Doris Dingle is an elderly woman living with her three quirky cats—Donna, Dayoh, and DeeDee—blending humor and warmth to depict simple joys in a cartoonish world during a stormy adventure. The mythological Doris, as a nymph, occasionally influences these archetypes, lending an air of ethereal grace to characters navigating personal or fantastical journeys. Doris the is a recurring character in the animated series (2008–2015), portrayed as an intelligent but obsessive who aids (and sometimes hinders) the penguin team in their missions, often driven by her unrequited affection for King Julien. Voiced by , she highlights themes of misguided loyalty and comedic mishaps in espionage-style adventures.

In film and television

In the 2007 Disney animated film , DOR-15, commonly referred to as Doris, serves as the primary antagonist, depicted as a rogue sentient originally invented by the to assist with everyday tasks but reprogrammed for domination. Doris manipulates the Bowler Hat Guy (Mike Yagoobian) in a scheme to alter the timeline and exact revenge on the Robinson family by deploying an army of identical hats to subjugate society, ultimately leading to her defeat when restores the future. The character was voiced by , who provided her with a sinister, echoing tone that underscores her manipulative and vengeful personality. In the 1993 comedy film , Doris appears as a , portrayed as a quirky and resilient waitress at the local diner in , who endures the protagonist Phil Connors' repeated disruptive behaviors amid his time-loop predicament. Played by , Doris embodies the monotonous routine of small-town life, serving as a foil to Phil's initial cynicism and highlighting the film's themes of repetition and personal growth through her unflappable demeanor during chaotic encounters. The Canadian animated children's series Caillou (1997–2011) features Doris as the nurturing mother of the titular four-year-old boy, Caillou, and his younger sister Rosie, often depicted handling household responsibilities while encouraging her children's curiosity and emotional development. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin, Doris—also called Mommy—participates in everyday family adventures, such as playtime, errands, and learning moments, emphasizing themes of patience, empathy, and parental guidance in preschool education. Her character draws from the original book series but adapts to the screen's focus on interactive family dynamics. In the long-running animated series , Lunchlady Doris (occasionally referred to simply as Doris) is a minor recurring background character introduced as the gruff, no-nonsense lunchlady at Springfield Elementary School, first appearing in the 1991 episode "" and featuring in later ones like "" (1993). Voiced by until her death in 1995 and later by , she provides comic relief through her deadpan delivery and stereotypical portrayals of school cafeteria workers, often involved in subplots about school food quality or staff antics without deep narrative focus. Doris is a supporting character in the Shrek film franchise (2001–2010), appearing as one of Cinderella's ugly stepsisters alongside Mabel. Voiced by Laraine Newman in Shrek 2 (2004) and later films, she is depicted as a cyclops-like figure working at the Poison Apple tavern, adding to the series' humorous take on fairy tale tropes with her tough, no-frills personality.

Places

Ancient and historical regions

In ancient Greece, Doris was a small, mountainous district located in central Greece between Mount Oeta to the north and Mount Parnassus to the south, encompassing a narrow valley within the broader region of Phocis. This area, traditionally associated with the earlier Dryopes, became the foundational homeland of the Dorians, one of the principal Hellenic tribes, who established it as their base following earlier migrations. The district's rugged terrain and strategic position near the Cephissus River valley facilitated its role as a cultural and ethnic center for the Dorians, influencing the development of the Doric dialect and tribal identity that later spread across the Greek world. The core of Doris was organized as the Doric Tetrapolis, a federation of four closely linked cities: , Erineos, Kytinion, and (or Akyphas). These settlements formed the political and religious nucleus of the region, with Doris holding early membership in the Delphic Amphictyony, a council overseeing the sanctuary at , underscoring its significance in pan-Hellenic affairs from at least the BCE. According to the historian in his Histories (Book 1.56), Doris marked a key stage in the ' migratory history; originally known as the Makednoi dwelling in the Mountains, they settled in Doris before advancing to Dryopis and ultimately the , where they founded Spartan tribes and other polities. further describes Doris in Book 8.31 as a territory traversed by Persian forces during the , noting its inhabitants' alignment with the , which spared it from devastation. Ancient tradition, as recorded by and others, places the Dorian migration into Doris conventionally around 1100 BCE, associating it with the and the transition to the Greek Dark Ages. However, modern debates this account, with archaeological suggesting cultural from Mycenaean times rather than a disruptive invasion from northern regions like and . The role of Doris as a pivotal node in Dorian relies primarily on textual sources, as direct archaeological confirmation remains limited.

Modern settlements

Modern settlements named Doris in the United States primarily emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, often tied to railroad expansion and resource extraction in rural areas. These locales contrast with ancient namesakes by reflecting post-industrial American development, typically named after individuals such as family members of railroad officials or local settlers. Doris, Washington, is an unincorporated community and former railroad siding in Kittitas County, established in the early 1900s along the (commonly known as the ). Positioned approximately 600 feet above the near the base of the Saddle Mountains, it served as a key substation during the line's challenging 2.2% grade ascent toward the Vantage area. The site supported rail operations until the abandonment of the 's Pacific Extension in 1980, after which it transitioned into a with minimal remnants like old rail grades visible today. Its current population is under 50, and it lies near the communities of Cle Elum and Beverly Junction, within the boundaries of the . In Iowa, Doris is a ghost town in central Buchanan County, developed as a railroad stop on the Illinois Central Railroad in the early 1900s. Located just north of Highway 939 between Independence and Winthrop, it originated from land sales in September 1902 by James Duffy, coinciding with the construction of a new station and stockyards that spurred agricultural shipping. By circa 1914, the settlement featured an elevator, a general store, and a handful of residences, with a recorded population of 12 in 1925 and 10 in 1940; farming activities persisted until at least 1939. As a "twin town" to nearby Bethel—separated by less than a mile—it shared regional ties but declined amid rural depopulation and rail service reductions, with structures dismantled for farmland by the 1990s, leaving the site vacant today. A significant incident occurred on September 30, 1922, when a freight train collision at the Doris siding resulted in one fatality and multiple injuries, derailing both locomotives. The name honors Doris Gillas, daughter of Memphis-based railroad executive M. Gillas. Other minor modern locales include Doris Place in Holualoa, , a community-oriented established in 1948 by David T. Ota along Mamalahoa Highway and named after his daughter Doris, which has evolved into a local hub offering snacks, drinks, and groceries, with updates like a new menu in the fostering ongoing neighborhood gatherings. In , brief mining camps bore the name Doris in the early 1900s, such as the Doris #1 prospect in Madera , though these were transient operations without lasting settlements.

Biology

Genus of sea slugs

Doris is a genus of dorid nudibranchs, comprising shell-less gastropod molluscs in the Dorididae, first described by in 1758. The genus currently includes approximately 55 accepted , characterized by their soft, ovate bodies and lack of external shells, with representative examples such as Doris pseudoargus, commonly known as the sea lemon, and Doris montereyensis, the Monterey dorid. These sea slugs inhabit temperate environments, primarily in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, where they play roles in benthic ecosystems as feeders and potential prey for predatory fish. Species in the genus Doris exhibit distinctive morphological traits typical of dorid nudibranchs, including a broad covered in tubercles or verrucae that house defensive glands secreting distasteful or toxic chemicals to deter predators. Many display vibrant warning coloration, often in or accented with dark spots or rings, which advertises their unpalatability—a form of common in chemically defended nudibranchs. They are benthic crawlers, typically measuring 5–15 cm in length, with a prominent branchial () circle on the posterior for , and they favor rocky or hard substrates in intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. Taxonomic revisions of Doris have incorporated molecular and anatomical data, revealing hidden and resolving long-standing synonyms; for instance, the former Archidoris has been synonymized with Doris based on insufficient morphological distinctions, as proposed in phylogenetic analyses. A 2024 study further refined the phylogeny within Dorididae, revealing the of Doris while resurrecting like Doris berghi from previous synonyms and splitting morphotypes such as those in D. ocelligera. Ecologically, Doris primarily consume sponges, contributing to nutrient cycling in communities by on these sessile , though they themselves serve as prey for various and crustaceans, influencing trophic dynamics. Their distribution spans temperate waters, with D. pseudoargus widespread in the North Atlantic from to the Mediterranean, and D. montereyensis occurring along the northeastern Pacific coast, including the Salish Sea region from to . The genus name derives from the Greek sea nymph Doris in mythology, reflecting early Linnaean naming conventions for marine taxa.

Notable individual animals

Doris, a female rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), is one of the notable individual animals bearing the name, recognized for her rescue and rehabilitation journey at Clearwater Marine Aquarium (CMA) in Florida. Estimated to be 28 years old, Doris was rescued on September 27, 2004, from Cape San Blas, Florida, by the Gulf World Marine Institute after being stranded with two companions, Astro and Noah, who suffered hearing loss, rendering the group non-releasable. She arrived at CMA on June 4, 2025, as part of a group of four rough-toothed dolphins relocated from Gulf World in Panama City Beach, becoming the oldest dolphin in the facility's care at that time. Known for her distinctive mottled coloration along the edges of her rostrum and her complete hearing ability, Doris enjoys enrichment activities such as mat interactions and tactile engagements with staff, contributing to her in . Her presence at , a renowned and famous for its work with dolphins like Winter from the Dolphin Tale films, highlights ongoing efforts in marine mammal conservation and public education. Doris participates in educational programs that inform visitors about rough-toothed dolphins, a often found in deep tropical and subtropical waters, emphasizing the importance of protection and operations. While the name Doris also evokes the genus Doris of dorid nudibranchs (sea slugs), which share a marine theme with cetaceans like dolphins through their oceanic habitats, no specific individual sea slugs have gained comparable public recognition.

Arts and entertainment

Film and television works

is a 2015 American film written and directed by . The story follows , portrayed by , an eccentric and reclusive widow in her sixties who attends a seminar and becomes infatuated with a younger hipster colleague, John Fremont (), sparking a transformative adventure in City's art scene. The film premiered at the on January 24, 2015, and was released theatrically in the United States on March 18, 2016, by . It received critical acclaim for Field's performance, earning an 86% approval rating from critics on based on 127 reviews, with the consensus praising its heartfelt humor and emotional depth. Doris is a animated that aired from 1983 to 1985, produced by Yorkshire Television. The show features a speechless named Doris and her feline friends as they embark on simple, imaginative adventures in a whimsical world, emphasizing themes of friendship and curiosity without dialogue to appeal to very young audiences. A total of 40 episodes were produced across two series, broadcast on Children's ITV, with each short episode focusing on everyday animal antics like or exploring. The series was created and directed by Hilary Hayton, known for earlier works like , and it has been noted for its gentle, minimalist animation style. The is an American sitcom that ran for five seasons from September 24, 1968, to September 12, 1973, on , starring in the title role. Day plays Doris Martin, a widowed mother who relocates from to the rural area of with her two young sons, later evolving into storylines where she works as a illustrator and assistant to a city publisher, blending family life with comedic workplace scenarios. The series marked Day's transition from to television after a illustrious movie career, featuring guest stars like and producing 128 episodes noted for their lighthearted tone and Day's musical performances. It achieved high ratings, ranking in the top 10 during its second season, and concluded with Day's character pursuing independence in . Doris is a 2018 Dutch comedy-drama film directed by Sasker Sonnesyn in his feature debut. The narrative centers on Doris, a 45-year-old divorced mother of two living in Amsterdam, who fantasizes about a more exciting life while navigating co-parenting and personal dissatisfaction, leading to humorous and poignant encounters with potential lovers. Starring Tjitske Reidinga in the lead role, the film explores themes of midlife reinvention and explores Doris's internal conflicts through a mix of realism and whimsy. It premiered at the Netherlands Film Festival in September 2018 and received the Golden Calf for Best Actress for Reidinga, holding a 6.1/10 rating on IMDb from over 750 users.

Music and songs

"Doris" is a soulful track by the American band and singer , released on their collaborative EP Texas Moon in 2022. The song, blending and elements, features introspective lyrics addressed to Bridges' grandmother Doris, urging her not to close her eyes as she faces the end of life, emphasizing the legacy she leaves behind through themes of travel and enduring impact. The name Doris appears in the lyrics of various popular songs, often as a cultural reference. In ' "Dig It," from their 1970 album , improvises a list of icons including " and ," capturing a stream-of-consciousness nod to mid-20th-century figures amid the track's jam-like structure. Similarly, Billy Joel's 1989 hit "" begins with "Harry Truman, ," invoking Doris Day as part of a rapid-fire chronicle of post-World War II events and personalities to underscore historical continuity. Doris Day stands out as a major artist bearing the name, renowned for her contributions to pop and vocals in the mid-20th century. A key highlight in her discography is "Sentimental Journey," recorded with Les Brown and His Band of Renown in 1944 and released as a single in 1945, which topped the for nine weeks and became a defining wartime of longing and homecoming. Day's catalog influenced jazz interpretations, with tributes like Nellie McKay's 2009 Normal as Blueberry Pie: A Tribute to Doris Day, which reimagines Day's standards in a modern jazz-pop style, celebrating her expressive phrasing and optimistic tone.

Transportation

Naval vessels

The USS Doris Miller (CVN-81) is a Gerald R. Ford-class nuclear-powered under construction for the , named in honor of World War II hero Messman Second Class . Announced on January 20, 2020, during a ceremony, it marks the first named for an enlisted sailor and the first for an African American service member. The ship's first cut of steel was conducted in 2021, with scheduled for 2026 and delivery to the Navy anticipated in 2032; it is being built by at . Historically, the Royal Navy operated , an commissioned in 1897 after launching in 1896 from the Naval Construction and Armaments Company in . Displacing around 5,600 tons and armed with a of eleven 6-inch guns, she served primarily in colonial patrols and fleet duties during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During , was attached to the in 1914 and later redesignated as a depot ship, supporting operations on the East Coast of until her decommissioning in 1919.

Other vehicles

The Doris was a private Pullman railcar owned by American industrialist , founder of the and Duke Power, and named after his daughter, . Built in 1917 by the at a cost of approximately $38,000, it featured luxurious accommodations including staterooms, a dining area, observation lounge, and facilities for Duke's business travels and philanthropy efforts across the . Duke used the car extensively from 1917 to 1925 for nearly 100 trips, often traveling between and to oversee his enterprises and endowments, such as the establishment of . After Duke's death in 1925, the railcar passed through various owners, including the , where it served executives until the 1950s. Today, it is preserved and displayed at the North Carolina Transportation Museum in Spencer, , where guided tours highlight its interiors and historical significance to early 20th-century rail travel. On the , a 15-inch narrow-gauge heritage line in , , the diesel-mechanical locomotive is colloquially known as Doris. Constructed in-house at the railway's workshops between 1978 and 1980 to a by Ian Smith, it features a 112 brake horsepower 6/354 engine coupled to a Twin Disc hydraulic transmission and chain-driven bogies for reliable operation on steep gradients. Named in honor of , wife of aviation pioneer Lord Wakefield, the locomotive was commissioned in August 1980 following trials on the Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch Railway, where it demonstrated effective heavy-load hauling capabilities. Primarily employed for permanent way maintenance and engineering duties year-round, it also assists with summer passenger services and has influenced subsequent diesel designs on similar miniature-gauge lines. Currently painted in British Railways Brunswick Green with yellow warning panels, remains operational on the preserved railway, contributing to its heritage operations since 1980. In aviation history, the TBM-3E Avenger torpedo bomber named Doris Mae exemplifies WWII-era aircraft naming practices among U.S. military units. Built under license by General Motors in New Jersey and delivered in August 1945 as the war concluded, the aircraft (Bureau Number 91426) was assigned to U.S. Marine Corps training squadrons in California from 1945 to 1948, serving as a trainer rather than in combat roles. It later transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1952 for anti-submarine duties until retirement in the 1960s. Acquired by the Commemorative Air Force's Capital Wing in 2001 for $64,000, it underwent restoration to its wartime configuration in Frederick, Maryland, and now honors Marine Torpedo Bomber Squadron 143 (VMTB-143), the "Rocket Raiders," who operated similar Avengers from escort carriers like the USS Gilbert Islands. Based at Culpeper Regional Airport in Virginia, Doris Mae is airworthy and participates in airshows, educational flights, and commemorative events, including its 80th anniversary celebration in 2025. Private yachts bearing the name Doris represent civilian maritime transport across eras, distinct from naval service. One notable example is the 1905 Herreshoff cutter Doris (Hull No. 625), designed by Nathanael G. Herreshoff and launched on May 10, 1905, for Boston owner S. Reed Anthony as an innovative racing yacht under the Universal Rule. Measuring 56 feet 10 inches on the waterline with a beam of 15 feet and draft of 9 feet 3 inches, it displaced 97,650 pounds and featured lead ballast for stability in competitive sailing against vessels like the historic Gloriana. Renamed multiple times—Astarte in 1934, Huntress from 1937 to 1940, and Vayu from 1940 to 2014—it reverted to Doris in 2015 and remains extant under private ownership in Short Hills, New Jersey, as of 2024, preserving its status as one of the largest wooden Herreshoff yachts. In more recent times, the 2012 Pershing 92 motor yacht Doris, built in Italy to a design by Fulvio De Simoni, spans 27.96 meters with a beam of 6.23 meters and accommodates eight guests in four cabins. Capable of 41 knots top speed and flagged in France, it exemplifies modern luxury civilian yachting for private leisure and charters.

Science and technology

Satellite and positioning systems

DORIS, or Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by , is a satellite-based system designed for precise and radiopositioning using the to measure frequency shifts in signals transmitted from ground beacons to receivers on satellites. Developed by the space agency in collaboration with the Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS) and the Institut Géographique National () during the , the system was first launched on January 22, 1990, aboard the SPOT 2 satellite and has remained operational since, supporting missions on over 20 satellites as of 2025. The core of DORIS consists of a network of approximately 60 permanent ground beacons distributed worldwide, which continuously transmit signals at two frequencies (2.036 GHz and 401 MHz) to receivers, enabling Doppler measurements that achieve centimeter-level accuracy in orbit determination and ground positioning. This infrastructure has been deployed on key oceanographic and satellites, including TOPEX/Poseidon (launched 1992), the Jason series (Jason-1 in 2001, Jason-2 in 2008, in 2016), Envisat (2002), and more recent missions such as Sentinel-3A/B (2016/2018), CryoSat-2 (2009), and SWOT (2022). In applications, DORIS supports by providing high-precision tracking data essential for establishing global reference frames and monitoring tectonic movements, while in altimetry, it facilitates accurate orbit corrections for radar altimeters on satellites like and , enabling reliable measurements of sea surface height variations for monitoring and ocean circulation studies. The system's dual-frequency design mitigates ionospheric errors, contributing to radial orbit accuracies of 1-2 cm, which are critical for deriving changes at the millimeter scale over time. DORIS plays a pivotal role in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), a global coordinate system maintained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), through contributions from the International DORIS Service (IDS), which combines DORIS data with other techniques like GPS and SLR to realize and update ITRF versions, such as ITRF2020, with sub-centimeter station position stability. This involvement stems from ongoing collaborations between CNES, the European Space Agency (ESA), and CNRS-affiliated groups like GRGS, ensuring DORIS data integration into international geodetic standards since the 1990s.

Software and medical tools

Apache Doris is an open-source, massively parallel processing (MPP) analytical database designed for real-time data analytics, originally developed by as the Palo project in 2017 and donated to in 2018, where it graduated to a top-level project in 2022. It supports high-speed queries returning results in sub-seconds on large datasets, high-concurrency point lookups, and complex analytical workloads, making it suitable for applications in , , , and user behavior analysis. Key features include columnar with , multiple indexing options like and Bloom filters, vectorized query execution, and compatibility with standard SQL and the protocol, enabling seamless integration with business intelligence tools such as Tableau and . It facilitates real-time data ingestion from sources like and supports federated queries across data lakes including and , with adoption by over 5,000 companies worldwide, including and . The DORIS (Digital Open Rule Integrated Software) tool, developed by the (WHO), is a multilingual application for automating the selection of underlying causes of in vital statistics using the , 11th Revision (). Launched in its initial version in 2023 and updated to version 1.1 in June 2025, it processes medical certificates of by mapping textual entries to codes with high accuracy, supporting offline and online use in 10 languages including English, , and . The 2025 release enhances algorithms for conditions such as infectious diseases, neoplasms, injuries, , , and substance intoxications, while introducing visualization modes like textual and tabular reports to improve transparency and user engagement in mortality data management. It imports data in formats like , Excel, and CSV, automates coding for thousands of certificates, and exports results for policy-making and , aligning with global standards to enhance and . Doris tablets, a combined oral contraceptive produced by since the , contain drospirenone and to prevent by inhibiting , thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrial lining. In addition to contraception, the formulation is indicated for treating moderate in women at least 14 years old and managing symptoms of (PMDD) by regulating hormone levels. Administered as one tablet daily for 21 days followed by a 7-day period, it carries risks such as increased blood clot formation, requiring monitoring for cardiovascular effects, and is contraindicated in smokers over 35 or those with certain medical histories. DORIS (Doppel-Ring-Speicher), a synchrotron radiation source at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, operated from 1974 to 2012 as a 4.45 GeV electron-positron storage ring initially designed for particle physics experiments, contributing to early particle physics experiments on charmonium states. With a circumference of approximately 300 meters, it evolved in the 1980s and 1990s into a dedicated facility for synchrotron radiation research, supporting experiments in structural biology, materials science, and X-ray spectroscopy through insertion devices like wigglers and undulators. By 1993, DORIS III was fully repurposed for photon science, contributing to advancements in fields such as protein crystallography before its decommissioning in October 2012 to make way for newer facilities like PETRA III.

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