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End

The end, within cosmology, designates the projected terminal phase of the universe's expansion, wherein accelerating growth driven by dark energy dilutes matter and radiation to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium, termed heat death, rendering all structured processes infeasible due to uniform low temperature and maximal entropy.^[1]^[2] This scenario aligns with general relativity and observations indicating a flat geometry with insufficient density for recollapse, favoring perpetual expansion over contraction.^[3] Empirical evidence for this fate stems from precise measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation by satellites like WMAP, revealing dark energy's dominance at roughly 70% of the universe's composition, which propels galaxies apart at increasing velocities.^[1] The 1998 detection of accelerated expansion via type Ia supernovae distances confirmed this dynamic, shifting paradigms from a decelerating cosmos toward one destined for isolation and quiescence.^[2] Over cosmic timescales, star formation ceases within trillions of years as hydrogen depletes, followed by stellar remnants cooling into white dwarfs and neutron stars, galactic dispersal, and eventual proton decay alongside black hole evaporation via Hawking radiation, culminating in a sparse void after approximately $10^{100} years.^[4]^[5] Alternative outcomes, such as a Big Crunch—a gravitational collapse to high density—require dark energy to diminish substantially, countering current data but entertained in models permitting its temporal variation.^[6]^[7] Recent analyses from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in 2025 hint at potential weakening of dark energy, introducing uncertainty to the heat death timeline, though mainstream interpretations uphold eternal expansion absent drastic reversal.^[7]^[8] A Big Rip, involving phantom energy tearing structures apart, remains speculative and disfavored by observations where dark energy's equation-of-state parameter approximates -1.^[9] These scenarios underscore cosmology's reliance on evolving datasets, with heat death as the baseline prediction grounded in verified parameters like the Hubble constant and matter density.^[4]^[5]

Linguistic and Conceptual Foundations

Etymology and Core Definitions

The English noun "end" originates from Old English ende, referring to a boundary, limit, district, or conclusion, inherited from Proto-Germanic *andijaz (cognate with Old Norse endi, Old Dutch ende, and German Ende). This Germanic form derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *ant-, signifying "front" or "forehead," with an extended sense of "the opposite side" or "that which is in front (as a boundary)."^[10] The verb form, Old English endian, meant "to bring to a conclusion" or "to destroy," evolving from the noun to denote completion or termination.^[10] By the Middle English period (c. 1100–1500), the word had solidified its dual connotations of spatial extremity and finality, as evidenced in texts like Chaucer's works, where it denoted both physical edges and narrative closures.^[11] Core definitions of "end" as a noun encompass spatial, temporal, and intentional dimensions. Spatially, it denotes an extremity or boundary, such as "the part of an area that lies at the boundary" or one of two limits of a line or object.^[12] Temporally, it signifies cessation or conclusion, as in "the final part of a period of time, event, or story," marking a point where continuation ceases.^[13] ^[14] Intentionally, "end" refers to an aim, purpose, or ultimate object, as in "something toward which effort is directed," reflecting its teleological usage distinct from mere termination.^[12] These meanings have persisted with minimal semantic shift since early modern English, though contextual extensions (e.g., in sports as a goalpost or in weaponry as a tip) arose from the boundary sense by the 16th century.^[11] The word's frequency ranks it among the 500 most common in modern written English, underscoring its foundational role in denoting finality across domains.^[11]

Distinctions Between Finality and Teleology

Finality refers to the inherent orientation or tendency of entities toward their completion, perfection, or proper state, observable in natural processes such as the directed growth of an acorn into an oak tree, which achieves its form through successive stages culminating in maturity. This principle, rooted in Aristotelian philosophy, posits that beings possess an immanent finality driving them toward an end that realizes their potentiality, distinct from mere mechanical necessity. Empirical evidence for finality includes biological adaptations where organisms consistently pursue conditions conducive to survival and reproduction, such as plants orienting toward light (phototropism), without requiring external purposive agency.^[15]^[16] Teleology, by contrast, constitutes the explanatory doctrine that accounts for phenomena through reference to their purposes, goals, or ends, often as one of Aristotle's four causes—the final cause being "that for the sake of which" something occurs or exists. In this framework, teleological explanations integrate finality into a causal structure, asserting that ends not only terminate processes but retroactively influence their development, as seen in Aristotle's account of natural motion where heavy bodies fall toward their natural place as a goal-directed actuality. Unlike pure finality, which describes observable directedness, teleology invites interpretive claims about design or intentionality, debated in contexts like evolutionary biology where apparent goal-like outcomes (e.g., complex organ systems) arise from selection pressures rather than premeditated purpose.^[17]^[18] The key distinction emerges in their application and implications: finality emphasizes the factual, intrinsic propulsion toward an end as a brute aspect of nature's regularity, compatible with non-intentional mechanisms like appetite for the good in Scholastic terms, whereas teleology extends to normative or metaphysical assertions about why ends exist, potentially conflicting with modern scientific reductionism that privileges efficient causes. For example, Francisco Suárez reconciled natural teleology with finality by attributing end-directed behavior to intrinsic inclinations without treating final causes as efficient movers, thus preserving finality's empirical basis while qualifying teleology's explanatory power. This nuance allows finality to underpin causal realism in observable patterns, such as thermodynamic equilibria as end states, without committing to teleology's fuller purposive ontology.^[19]^[15]

Scientific and Mathematical Applications

Mathematical Constructions and Logic

In geometry, an endpoint denotes one of the two points that bound a line segment, serving as the termination points along which the segment is defined and measured.^[20] For instance, the distance between two endpoints (x_1, y_1) and (x_2, y_2) in the plane is calculated via the Euclidean formula \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}, which relies on these points as fixed boundaries.^[21] Rays, by contrast, possess a single endpoint from which they extend infinitely in one direction, while unbounded lines lack endpoints entirely.^[22] In real analysis, endpoints mark the boundaries of intervals; a closed interval [a, b] includes both endpoints a and b, ensuring compactness on the real line, whereas open intervals (a, b) exclude them.^[20] This distinction is critical in continuity and convergence theorems, where endpoint inclusion affects properties like closedness under limits. The midpoint formula, deriving the central point between endpoints, further underscores their role in coordinate geometry: for endpoints (x_1, y_1) and (x_2, y_2), the midpoint is \left( \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2} \right).^[23] In infinite graph theory, ends formalize the asymptotic structure of graphs, representing equivalence classes of infinite paths (rays) that cannot be separated by finite vertex removals.^[24] A graph's ends capture its "directions to infinity," with the number of ends influencing connectivity; for example, the infinite grid \mathbb{Z}^2 has one end, while the infinite binary tree has continuum-many.^[25] Topological ends, as components of the space's ideal boundary, align with undominated graph-theoretical ends, providing a bridge between combinatorial and continuous perspectives.^[25] Category theory introduces ends as a limiting construction for bifunctors F: C^\mathrm{op} \times C \to \mathcal{E}, defined via a universal dinatural transformation \int_{c \in C} F(c, c) that equalizes certain morphisms across the category.^[26] This generalizes notions like trace or center in enriched categories, with ends behaving analogously to infinite products or integrals over indexed families.^[26] For the Hom-bifunctor in the category of sets, the end computes the center of the category, comprising natural transformations invariant under certain actions.^[27] In mathematical logic, the end of a formal proof or derivation is conventionally marked by symbols such as \qed (quod erat demonstrandum) or the tombstone \square, signaling the conclusion where premises entail the theorem.^[28] This termination ensures deductive closure, with the proof's validity resting on exhaustive case analysis or induction up to that point, as in Hilbert-style systems where axioms and inference rules culminate in the final sequent.^[29]

Physical End States and Thermodynamics

In thermodynamics, physical end states refer to the equilibrium conditions that isolated systems approach as processes unfold irreversibly, characterized by the maximization of entropy as dictated by the second law. The second law states that the total entropy of an isolated system either increases or remains constant in any spontaneous process, driving systems toward a state where no further net change occurs because all energy gradients have dissipated.^[30] ^[31] This equilibrium represents the final configuration, where temperature, pressure, and chemical potentials are uniform, rendering the system incapable of performing work without external input.^[32] For finite physical systems, such as gases in a closed container, the end state is thermal equilibrium, achieved when heat flows cease due to equalized temperatures across the system, maximizing entropy and minimizing free energy available for spontaneous processes.^[33] In irreversible processes, like friction converting mechanical energy to heat, entropy production ensures progression to this uniform state, as reversible paths would require idealized conditions not observed in nature.^[34] Experimental verification, such as mixing hot and cold water leading to a single intermediate temperature, confirms that end states align with maximum entropy rather than low-entropy configurations.^[31] On cosmological scales, extrapolating thermodynamic principles to the universe suggests a potential "heat death" as an end state, where expansion dilutes matter and energy densities, leading to a uniform, low-temperature equilibrium with entropy approaching its maximum value.^[35] In this scenario, all stars exhaust fuel, black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, and proton decay (if occurring) further homogenizes matter, leaving a dilute photon gas incapable of supporting structure or work, estimated to unfold over 10^100 years or more under current models assuming no violations of the second law.^[36] While quantum effects or alternative cosmologies may alter this projection, the thermodynamic framework posits heat death as the baseline outcome for an expanding, isolated universe, emphasizing entropy's inexorable rise over cyclic or contracting alternatives lacking empirical support.^[37]

Philosophical and Eschatological Perspectives

Teleological Ends in Philosophy

Teleological ends, or teloi, constitute a foundational concept in philosophy, denoting the intrinsic purposes or goals toward which entities or processes are directed. Originating prominently in Aristotle's metaphysics and natural philosophy around 350 BCE, teleology posits that explanations of phenomena require reference to final causes—the "that for the sake of which" a thing exists or changes—as one of four causal principles alongside material, formal, and efficient causes.^[38] Aristotle applied this to natural objects, asserting that artifacts like a house exist for the sake of shelter, while natural entities, such as an acorn developing into an oak tree, exhibit self-directed tendencies toward their mature form, implying an inherent purposiveness in nature rather than mere mechanical necessity.^[38] This view contrasts with purely efficient causal chains, emphasizing that absent a telos, explanations remain incomplete, as seen in his Physics where he critiques pre-Socratic materialists for overlooking ends.^[39] In ethical philosophy, teleological ends frame human action and flourishing. Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics identifies eudaimonia—often translated as human flourishing or well-being—as the ultimate telos of rational activity, achievable through virtuous habits and practical wisdom (phronesis), rather than external goods alone. This teleological structure influenced subsequent thinkers, including the Stoics, who viewed the cosmos as rationally ordered toward virtue, and medieval scholastics like Thomas Aquinas, who integrated Aristotelian ends with Christian theology, positing God as the supreme final cause drawing creation toward beatitude. However, teleology in ethics extends beyond Aristotle; consequentialist theories, such as utilitarianism developed by Jeremy Bentham in 1789 and refined by John Stuart Mill in 1861, evaluate actions by their tendency to maximize aggregate pleasure or utility as the end, though this imposes extrinsic purposes on behavior rather than deriving them immanently from nature. Critiques of teleological ends emerged prominently during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. David Hume, in his 1779 Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, argued that apparent purposes in nature could result from habituated efficient causes without invoking design or inherent teloi, reducing teleology to anthropomorphic projection unsupported by empirical necessity. Immanuel Kant, in his 1781 Critique of Pure Reason, rejected constitutive teleology in physics, favoring Newtonian mechanics where ends play no explanatory role, but in the 1790 Critique of Judgment, he allowed teleological principles as regulative maxims for understanding organic wholes, such as organisms where parts seem purposively interdependent, without committing to their objective reality. Modern philosophy largely sidelines inherent teleology in favor of causal realism, with figures like Daniel Dennett in 1995 characterizing biological adaptations as "design without a designer" via Darwinian evolution, where functional outcomes arise from selection pressures rather than premeditated ends.^[40] Empirical challenges, including thermodynamic entropy increasing toward disorder since the universe's expansion began approximately 13.8 billion years ago, further undermine cosmic teleology by suggesting no overarching purposive trajectory.^[40] Despite these critiques, teleological reasoning persists in specialized domains. In contemporary metaphysics, philosophers like John McDowell advocate "second nature" where human capacities, shaped by Bildung (cultural formation), exhibit teleological normativity without supernaturalism. Analytical Thomists, such as Edward Feser in works post-2010, defend Aristotelian final causality as compatible with modern science by interpreting it immanently—e.g., electrons "aiming" toward lower energy states—rather than anthropically, arguing that denying ends conflates explanation with reductionism.^[39] Such views highlight teleology's enduring role in bridging descriptive science and normative philosophy, though they remain contested amid biases in academic philosophy toward materialist paradigms, often prioritizing efficient causes to align with empirical methodologies over holistic ones.^[40]

Eschatology and End-Times Narratives

Eschatology refers to the theological study of ultimate destinies, encompassing the end of the present age, the fate of humanity, and the resolution of cosmic history, derived from the Greek terms eschatos ("last") and logos ("study" or "discourse").^[41] In religious contexts, it addresses events such as divine judgment, resurrection of the dead, and the establishment of a final order, often drawn from scriptural prophecies rather than empirical observation. These narratives typically posit a teleological culmination to history, contrasting with cyclical views in some Eastern traditions, though interpretations vary widely within and across faiths, with no unified empirical validation.^[42] In Judaism, eschatological expectations center on the Messianic Age (Yemot HaMashiach), a future era of universal peace, ingathering of exiles, resurrection of the righteous, and divine judgment, as outlined in prophetic texts like Isaiah 2:4 and Ezekiel 37. The Messiah, a human descendant of David, is anticipated to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, defeat Israel's enemies, and usher in knowledge of God worldwide, without supernatural alteration of natural laws. Traditional sources emphasize ethical preparation through Torah observance over speculative timelines, rejecting claims of imminent ends absent verifiable signs like global recognition of monotheism.^[43]^[44] Christian eschatology builds on Jewish foundations but incorporates the New Testament's portrayal of Jesus' second coming, the Antichrist's rise, a period of tribulation, the resurrection of all people, final judgment, and a renewed creation free from sin and death, as detailed in Revelation 20-22 and 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17. Key doctrines include the rapture of believers and Christ's millennial reign, with interpretive views dividing into premillennialism (literal 1,000-year earthly kingdom post-tribulation), postmillennialism (gradual Christianization leading to Christ's return), and amillennialism (symbolic millennium realized spiritually now). These beliefs stem from apostolic writings but have fueled historical millenarian movements, often critiqued for over-literalism absent historical fulfillment.^[42]^[45] Islamic eschatology describes Qiyamah (the Day of Resurrection), preceded by minor and major signs such as moral decay, natural upheavals, the appearance of the Mahdi (a guided leader), the deceiver Dajjal, and Jesus' (Isa) return to defeat falsehoods, culminating in universal judgment by Allah based on deeds recorded in the Kitab (book of records). The Quran (e.g., Surah 81:1-14) and Hadith collections like Sahih Bukhari detail the trumpet blast (nafkhah) signaling resurrection, with the righteous entering paradise and the wicked facing hellfire eternally. Scholarly analyses note these narratives' emphasis on accountability over apocalyptic speculation, though variant Hadith interpretations have inspired sectarian end-times predictions without empirical corroboration.^[46]^[47]^[48] Beyond Abrahamic traditions, eschatological narratives appear in other faiths but often lack linear finality; Hinduism envisions cyclical yugas ending in dissolution (pralaya) by Vishnu's avatar Kalki, restoring dharma without ultimate termination, per texts like the Bhagavata Purana. Buddhism anticipates the decline of the Dharma and Maitreya Buddha's advent amid moral decay, followed by renewal rather than absolute end, as in the Pali Canon. Secular analogs, such as existentialist views of finite human existence or astrophysical heat death, invoke causal endpoints grounded in observation but eschew supernatural agency. These diverse frameworks highlight eschatology's role in motivating ethical conduct and historical agency, though prophetic claims remain unverified by repeatable evidence.^[49]

Practical and Cultural Uses

Sports and Competitive Contexts

In American football, the end zone designates the scoring area at each extremity of the field, extending 10 yards beyond the goal line and spanning the field's width between the sidelines and end line, where a team scores a touchdown by crossing the goal line with possession of the ball.^[50] ^[51] This zone, defended by the opposing team, measures precisely 10 yards deep in National Football League (NFL) play, contributing to the field's total length of 120 yards including both end zones.^[52] Defensive alignments may feature a big end, a larger defensive end (typically 270-280 pounds) positioned tighter against run-heavy formations to disrupt offensive lines.^[53] In other field sports, end lines mark the boundaries at each end of the playing surface; for instance, in soccer, these align with goal lines where scoring occurs, while in basketball and volleyball, they define the court's rear edges, beyond which the ball is out of bounds, ending a possession.^[54] ^[55] A play concludes—termed the end of play—when the ball carrier is downed, exits bounds, or a forward pass incompletely touches ground, as per rules in tackle football, prompting a new down or turnover.^[56] Competitive strategy incorporates "end" phases, notably the endgame in chess, the concluding stage after the middlegame with reduced material (often king, pawns, and minor pieces), where principles emphasize king centralization, passed pawn advancement, and opposition to secure promotion or checkmate.^[57] This phase demands exact calculation, as minor advantages like an extra pawn can determine victory, contrasting the tactical complexity of earlier stages.^[58] In broader contests, games terminate at scheduled endpoints, with provisions like overtime for ties in football (sudden-death or continuous clock formats) or mercy rules in youth leagues to halt uneven matches, such as ending after a 10-run lead in baseball after five innings.^[59]

Arts, Entertainment, and Media

In cinema, the phrase "The End" appeared as a title card at the conclusion of films from the silent era through the mid-20th century, serving to demarcate narrative finality and prompt audiences to exit theaters.^[60] This convention, common in 1930s and 1940s productions where opening credits dominated, faded as studios shifted credits to the end starting with blockbusters like Around the World in 80 Days (1956), prioritizing immersion over explicit closure markers.^[61] By the 1970s, extended end credits—listing cast, crew, and technical roles—replaced the terse "The End," with scrolling formats accommodating larger productions and occasional post-credits teases in serialized franchises.^[62] Television series culminate in season or series finales, often titled with "end" motifs to emphasize resolution, such as The Sopranos' ambiguous 2007 conclusion, which cut to black amid viewer debate over implied finality. End credits in TV follow similar hierarchies to film, appearing post-episode to credit ensembles while allowing commercial breaks in broadcast formats.^[63] In music, songs titled "The End" frequently evoke closure or apocalypse; The Doors' 1967 track from their debut album originated as a breakup lament but expanded into a 11-minute opus with Oedipal undertones and chaotic instrumentation, influencing rock's experimental boundaries.^[64] The Beatles' "The End," closing Abbey Road (1969), marked their final studio recording with a jam resolving in a 16-bar solo and the line "And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make," encapsulating thematic reciprocity.^[65] Literature and theater incorporate "end" through titles and motifs of inexorable conclusion; Samuel Beckett's Endgame (1957), a one-act absurdist play, depicts blind, immobile Hamm dictating in a bare room amid decay, symbolizing existential stasis where characters await an undefined termination without escape.^[66] Joshua Ferris's Then We Came to the End (2007) uses collective first-person narration to chronicle office dissolution, mirroring corporate finality through layoffs and absurdity.^[67] These works prioritize structural endpoints to probe human limits, diverging from linear resolutions in favor of indeterminate or ironic closures.

Technical and Specialized Terms

Computing and Engineering

In computing, endianness describes the sequential ordering of bytes within multi-byte data representations in memory or during transmission. Big-endian format places the most significant byte at the lowest memory address, as seen in network protocols like TCP/IP, whereas little-endian reverses this, prioritizing the least significant byte first, which is common in x86 architectures. This convention, originating from differing processor designs, necessitates explicit handling in cross-platform software to prevent data misinterpretation, such as reversing byte order in serialization routines.^[68] The end-to-end principle constitutes a core tenet of network architecture, positing that higher-level functions—such as error correction, encryption, and flow control—should reside at communicating endpoints rather than in intermediate network layers. Formulated in a 1981 paper by Jerome Saltzer, David Reed, and David Clark, it argues that endpoint implementation enhances system adaptability and fault tolerance, as low-level redundancies add overhead without guaranteeing completeness, evidenced by the Internet's resilience to diverse transport mechanisms.^[69] End-of-life (EOL) in hardware and software lifecycles marks the cessation of manufacturer support, including updates, repairs, and parts availability, typically after 5 years for enterprise servers or 3-5 years for standard business computers. Post-EOL, systems face heightened vulnerability to exploits due to unpatched flaws, prompting migrations to sustain security and performance, as quantified by rising failure rates from component degradation.^[70] In engineering, particularly robotics, an end effector denotes the terminal implement affixed to a manipulator arm, facilitating task-specific environmental interaction, such as grasping via pneumatic grippers or precision cutting with tools. Designs vary by application—force/torque sensors for assembly or weld torches for fabrication—optimized through kinematics to achieve desired trajectories while minimizing payload interference.^[71] End-user computing encompasses user-driven application development by non-experts, leveraging tools like virtual desktops or low-code platforms to bypass traditional IT bottlenecks, thereby accelerating prototyping but introducing risks of unvetted data integrity.^[72]

Biology and Product Lifecycle

In biological systems, the end of an organism's lifecycle is characterized by death, the irreversible cessation of integrated organismal functions such as metabolism and responsiveness to stimuli. This endpoint is often preceded by senescence, a genetically programmed process involving the accumulation of cellular damage that limits regenerative capacity. Key triggers include telomere attrition during cell division, which imposes a replication limit known as the Hayflick limit (typically 40-60 divisions in human fibroblasts), alongside persistent DNA damage response activation and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress.^[73] ^[74] Cellular senescence, first described in 1961 by Leonard Hayflick, manifests as stable cell cycle arrest, resisting apoptosis while secreting pro-inflammatory factors in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can propagate tissue dysfunction but also suppresses tumorigenesis by eliminating potentially cancerous cells. In multicellular organisms, this contributes to organismal aging, with senescent cell burden increasing exponentially after reproductive maturity, correlating with frailty and mortality risk; for instance, clearance of senescent cells via senolytics in mouse models extends median lifespan by up to 36% without altering maximum lifespan. Programmed cell death pathways, such as apoptosis and necroptosis, further define cellular ends, ensuring tissue homeostasis—e.g., during embryonic development or post-injury remodeling—but dysregulation accelerates pathological decline. While some species exhibit negligible senescence (e.g., certain hydra or lobsters via continuous tissue renewal), extrinsic factors like predation or resource scarcity typically enforce finite lifespans across taxa.^[73] ^[75] ^[76] In product lifecycle management (PLM), the end-of-life (EOL) phase denotes the deliberate cessation of design, production, sales, and maintenance support, typically after 5-10 years for consumer electronics, driven by technological obsolescence, regulatory changes, or declining profitability. This stage, formalized in standards like ISO 15288 for systems engineering, involves risk assessment for supply chain disruptions and customer impacts, with announcements providing 6-24 months of notice for spares and software updates. Functional obsolescence occurs when performance fails to meet evolving standards (e.g., outdated processors in 2020s smartphones unable to support modern AI workloads), while style or planned obsolescence—intentionally limiting durability via non-replaceable components—accelerates replacement cycles, contributing to e-waste volumes exceeding 57 million metric tons globally in 2021.^[77] ^[78] ^[79] EOL strategies emphasize sustainability, including remanufacturing (recovering 80-90% of material value in some cases), recycling under directives like the EU's WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) framework effective since 2006, or certified destruction for proprietary tech to prevent IP leakage. Obsolescence forecasting models, using Weibull distribution for failure rates, predict EOL timing, enabling circular economy transitions; however, inadequate planning has led to vulnerabilities, such as the 2011 Thai floods disrupting hard drive supplies and hastening EOL for affected models. Post-EOL, products enter disposal loops where landfill diversion rates vary—e.g., 20% recycling in the U.S. versus 75% in parts of Europe—underscoring causal links between design-for-endurability and environmental outcomes.^[80] ^[81]

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Jan 11, 2006 · In thinking about the four causes, we have come to understand that Aristotle offers a teleological explanation of the production of a bronze ...
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Jun 15, 2006 · Teleology pervades Aristotle's philosophy, perhaps like no other notion. Its applications range from elemental theory and chemistry, to psychology, biology, ...
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Jun 10, 2005 · Teleological arguments focus upon finding and identifying various traces of the operation of a mind in nature's temporal and physical structures, behaviors and ...
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The word “eschatology” comes from the Greek word eschatos, which means “last.” Eschatology is thus the study of the final end of things, the ultimate resolution ...
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What Is Eschatology? 4 Views, Why There's Disagreement & More
Apr 29, 2022 · The word “eschatology” comes from a combination of Greek words meaning “the study of last things,” or the study of the end times. In the article ...
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Some people believe that the world will “evolve” by itself into a messianic era without a human figurehead. Judaism rejects this belief. Human history has ...Missing: eschatology | Show results with:eschatology<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Messianic Age in Judaism | My Jewish Learning
The Messiah will arrive in a period when Jews collaborate with their enemies, Torah learning disappears, poverty increases, and religious despair deepens.Missing: eschatology | Show results with:eschatology
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What Are the Main Views of the End Times? | Core Christianity
The three main views of the end times are Premillennialism, Postmillennialism, and Amillennialism, which differ on when Christ's reign occurs.Missing: key sources<|separator|>
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https://researchcorridor.org/index.php/IJUHIVP/article/view/35
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Major Signs before the Day of Judgement (Qiyamah) - Inter-Islam
The Prophet (saw) has said the last hour shall not come until you have seen ten signs. This book explaines all ten signs in great detail.
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[PDF] The Concept of Eschatology in Islam: An Analysis of Fazlur ...
Jun 6, 2024 · This paper conducts a profound exploration of eschatology in Islam, with a particular emphasis on the importance of belief in the Day of ...
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A Brief History of End Times Views - Peter Haas
an eschatological position that ...
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Aug 7, 2025 · The end zone is located at each end of the field, just beyond the goal line. There are two end zones, one for each team to defend or score into, ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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2025 NFL Rulebook - NFL Football Operations
The game shall be played upon a rectangular field, 360 feet in length and 160 feet in width. The lines at each end of the field are termed End Lines.
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Gus Bradley Glossary: What is the Big End Position?
Feb 10, 2022 · A Big End is a larger defensive end (around 270-280) that will play in a lot tighter in certain formations.
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in football, a line that marks the back of one of the end zones (= the areas at the end of the field where a player with the ball can score a goal)Missing: terminology | Show results with:terminology
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Football Terminology - Topend Sports
Goal Line: The two boundary lines located at each end of the field. Goal Mouth: The area in front of the goal. Goalkeeper: The specialized player who is the ...
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A Guide to Tackle Football
The play ends when the ball-carrier is tackled to the ground, goes out of bounds, or if a forward pass hits the ground. Teams have to gain at least 10 yards in ...
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Chess Endgames | 10 Principles for Beginners
Jul 30, 2022 · Key chess endgame principles include mastering checkmates, pushing passed pawns, activating your king, and playing "Backwards-to-Forwards" ...
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Endgame roadmap: 9 strategies to play chess endgames
Sep 20, 2022 · 9 strategies that will improve your chess endgame · 1. Get a Queen · 2. Create a passed pawn · 3. Win pawns · 4. Activate the pieces · 5.
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Can a Football Game End On a Penalty? Explained - vIQtory Sports
Apr 25, 2025 · Yes. If the time expires and the penalty is on the offense, the defense can accept the penalty and end the game. However, if the penalty is on ...
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Dec 9, 2022 · A simple “The End” appears at the end of many of these films in the 1930s and 1940s.  . A view of “All About Eve'” closing credits. unknown.
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Jun 25, 2021 · Edit: Around the World in Eighty Days (1956) is apparently the first major motion picture to put the credits at the end, but there were other ...Does anybody know when the "The End" screen quit being standard ...American Graffiti - The End Title Card : r/TrueFilm - RedditMore results from www.reddit.com
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The Ultimate Guide to Film Credits Order Hierarchy (with Template)
Dec 18, 2024 · End credits start with above-the-line (ATL) individuals first, followed by certain key production personnel. These are often presented as ...
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Film Credits Order: The Complete Guide & Hierarchy in 2025
Jul 14, 2025 · If you end up making a film that requires logos in the end credits, you can expect those parties to provide their own logos for you to use.
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The Top 500 Songs in Modern Music History…Song #343: The End ...
“The End” was written about the break-up of a relationship he had with his girlfriend. That, in and of itself, is not bizarre in the least. But, as many of you ...
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"The End" song by The Beatles. The in-depth story behind the songs ...
The Beatles song “The End,” which ultimately ended up being the final proper track on their last recorded album “Abbey Road”
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Endgame by Samuel Beckett | Research Starters - EBSCO
"Endgame" is a one-act play by Samuel Beckett, first published in 1957, that explores themes of existentialism, aging, and the human condition in a post- ...
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Then We Came to the End: A Novel: Ferris, Joshua - Amazon.com
Several pages into Joshua Ferris's very funny and impressively observed first novel, "Then We Came to the End," we start comparing it with other memorable ...
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Dec 4, 2023 · The term endianness describes the order in which computer memory stores a sequence of bytes. Endianness can be either big or small, and the ...
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[PDF] END-TO-END ARGUMENTS IN SYSTEM DESIGN - MIT
The principle, called the end-to-end argument, suggests that functions placed at low levels of a system may be redundant or of little value when compared ...
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EOL Timeframes for Business IT Hardware - Venture Pointe
May 2, 2025 · Typically, 3-5 years is considered a practical lifespan for business computers. EOL: Manufacturers usually provide support for hardware for about 5 years.
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End Effector - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The end effector is the hand of the robot. It typically does not resemble the human hand; however, it can be used in conjunction with various tools to perform ...
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What is EUC? - End User Computing Explained - AWS
The term end-user computing (EUC) covers technologies such as: Remote workforce management; Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI); Application virtualization ...
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Senescence is a strong tumor suppressor mechanism that limits cancer initiation through both cell-intrinsic (Collado and Serrano, 2010) and cell-extrinsic ...
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Aug 4, 2025 · DNA damage, oxidative stress, and telomere shortening are the primary triggers of cellular senescence, endowing senescent cells with deregulated ...
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Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to ...
Dec 16, 2022 · In addition, cells undergoing senescence enhance tumor suppression by cell-extrinsic manner. Senescent cells promote senescence or death of ...
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Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies
May 24, 2024 · The continuous accumulation of DNA-damaged cells triggers cell death and senescence, ultimately leading to chronic inflammation, loss of ...
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A 10-Step Checklist For the End-of-Life of Your Product - ProductPlan
We've divided the end-of-life process up into three phases. Phase 1: Deciding when to sunset a product; Phase 2: Getting buy-in on your decision to end-of-life ...
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Understanding End of Life (EOL)Product life Cycle - Fusion Worldwide
May 28, 2025 · EOL signifies the conclusion of a product's lifecycle, marked by the cessation of production, distribution, and support.
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Product obsolescence and its relationship with product lifetime
A precise understanding of product obsolescence is fundamental for extending product lifetimes and promoting a circular economy.<|control11|><|separator|>
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There are several ways companies can reduce environmental impacts regardless of whether a product is discarded after a few months or many years.
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A deep dive into addressing obsolescence in product design: A review
The accelerated production and consumption of new products and the disposal of older ones raise the need to address obsolescence from the earliest design stages ...