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Entourage

An entourage is a group of attendants, associates, or followers, particularly those who surround and support an important person.^[1] The term may also refer to various people, places, things, and concepts in arts, entertainment, technology, and other fields, as outlined in the following sections.

General usage

Definition and etymology

An entourage is defined as a group of attendants, associates, or followers who accompany and surround a person of importance, such as a celebrity, politician, or leader, often providing support or assistance in their activities.^[1] This term emphasizes an informal network rather than a strictly organized body, distinguishing it from more rigid structures like official staff.^[2] The word "entourage" originates from French, where it first appeared in the 17th century as a noun meaning "surroundings" or "that which surrounds," derived from the verb entourer, "to surround," which dates to the 16th century and combines the prefix *en-* (in) with tour (circuit or turn).^[3] It entered the English language in the early 19th century, around 1832, primarily through contexts involving diplomacy, royalty, and elite social circles, where it described the companions or attendants of high-ranking individuals.^[3] Over time, its usage in English has retained a sense of French sophistication, often evoking images of a protective or influential circle.^[4] Linguistically, "entourage" differs from the more formal term "retinue," which typically implies a hierarchical group of retained servants or advisors bound by service to a noble or dignitary, whereas "entourage" conveys a modern, looser connotation of loyal supporters or companions without strict feudal ties.^[5] This nuance highlights "entourage" as a term for contemporary social dynamics, such as a celebrity's inner circle, rather than historical or official retinues. In pronunciation, the standard English rendering is /ˌɑn.tʊˈrɑʒ/ (American) or /ˌɒn.tʊˈrɑːʒ/ (British), reflecting its French roots with a soft "g" sound like the "j" in "beige," though variations may occur in casual speech.^[6] Spelling remains consistent as "entourage," with no common variants in standard English, though its adoption by English elites initially preserved the French orthography and elite associations.^[1]

Historical and modern examples

In the 17th century, the French court under Louis XIV exemplified a formal royal entourage, where the king relocated the entire nobility to Versailles in 1682 to centralize power and monitor potential rivals through strict etiquette and daily rituals.^[7] This entourage included key advisors like Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who oversaw financial reforms and economic expansion, and François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, who restructured the military for conquests across Europe, alongside courtiers, artists such as Molière and Jean Racine, and household staff that numbered in the thousands to maintain the opulent court's operations.^[7] Sociologically, this structure reinforced absolute monarchy by transforming the entourage into a mechanism for surveillance and loyalty, as analyzed in Norbert Elias's The Court Society, which highlights how courtly interdependence shaped power hierarchies and social control.^[8] Early 19th-century political entourages, such as Napoleon Bonaparte's inner circle during his military campaigns, illustrated a more mobile and merit-based variant focused on wartime efficiency. Bonaparte's staff comprised trusted marshals like Joachim Murat and Louis-Alexandre Berthier, his chief of staff who coordinated logistics across vast European theaters, along with aides-de-camp and intelligence officers who facilitated rapid decision-making in battles like Austerlitz in 1805.^[9] This group, often traveling with the Grande Armée, provided strategic advice and protection amid constant mobility, underscoring the entourage's role in amplifying a leader's authority through specialized expertise rather than hereditary privilege.^[9] In the 20th and 21st centuries, celebrity entourages in Hollywood evolved into informal networks blending personal and professional support, as seen with Elvis Presley's "Memphis Mafia," a group of close friends and associates from the 1960s onward who handled security, travel logistics, and daily affairs during tours and film shoots.^[10] These members, including figures like Joe Esposito who managed Presley's schedule and protected him from fans, exemplified how entourages mitigate fame's pressures by offering companionship and image control in a media-saturated environment.^[10] Similarly, modern political entourages for U.S. presidents include a core traveling staff, such as the chief of staff, national security advisor, and press secretary, who accompany the leader on Air Force One for policy coordination and public relations.^[11] For international trips, this expands to include Secret Service agents, medical teams, and advance personnel, totaling up to 500 members, as during President Obama's 2009 European visit.^[12] The connotation of entourages has shifted from rigid, aristocratic formations in early modern Europe to fluid, contemporary networks influenced by globalization and mass media since the mid-20th century, enabling leaders to navigate diverse cultural and informational landscapes.^[13] Sociologically, these groups continue to underpin power dynamics by delivering protection against threats, strategic counsel for decisions, and curated public personas, as evidenced in analyses of elite networks where entourages facilitate resource access and alliance-building across historical and modern contexts.^[13] This evolution reflects broader societal changes toward decentralized authority, yet retains core functions in sustaining influence amid heightened visibility.^[14]

Arts and entertainment

Entourage (American TV series)

Entourage is an American comedy-drama television series created by Doug Ellin that aired on HBO from July 18, 2004, to September 11, 2011, spanning eight seasons and 96 episodes.^[15] The show is semi-autobiographical, drawing inspiration from the early Hollywood career of executive producer Mark Wahlberg, who along with Ellin helped shape its depiction of the entertainment industry.^[16] Executive produced by Wahlberg, Ellin, and Stephen Levinson, the series chronicles the lives of aspiring actor Vincent Chase and his close-knit group of friends as they navigate the highs and lows of fame in Los Angeles.^[17] The central plot revolves around Vincent "Vince" Chase (played by Adrian Grenier), a rising film star from Queens, New York, who relies on his childhood friends for support amid Hollywood's pressures. His half-brother Johnny "Drama" Chase (Kevin Dillon) is a struggling actor seeking relevance; best friend Salvatore "Turtle" Assante (Jerry Ferrara) handles Vince's daily needs and business ventures; and Eric "E" Murphy (Kevin Connolly) serves as his grounded manager, often mediating conflicts. Vince's high-powered agent, Ari Gold (Jeremy Piven), provides comic relief through his aggressive, foul-mouthed negotiations and relentless drive for success, turning the series into a satirical take on celebrity culture, deal-making, and personal relationships.^[15] Over its run, the show featured more than 120 celebrity cameos, including Tom Cruise in Season 7 as a studio executive and Scarlett Johansson in a Season 1 phone call that highlights Vince's romantic entanglements.^[18] Production highlights include Ellin's hands-on role as writer and director for key episodes, with the series earning critical recognition for its insider's view of Hollywood. It received multiple Primetime Emmy nominations, including seven in 2007 for Outstanding Comedy Series and supporting categories, while Piven won three consecutive Emmys for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (2006–2008) for his portrayal of Ari.^[19] The show's reception was generally positive, with Season 1 holding a Metacritic score of 68/100 based on critic reviews, praised for its witty satire but critiqued for occasional superficiality.^[20] Its legacy endures through cultural impact, popularizing phrases like Ari's triumphant "winning," which echoed real-life celebrity lingo, and the series finale teasing a feature film that would later materialize. In late 2024, creator Doug Ellin announced Ramble On, a spiritual successor pilot featuring original cast members like Connolly and Dillon alongside Charlie Sheen in a meta-story about faded Hollywood stars seeking redemption, though it is not a direct Entourage reboot. As of November 2025, the project remains in development without a confirmed network pickup.^[21]

Entourage (2015 film)

Entourage is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Doug Ellin, serving as a direct continuation of the HBO television series Entourage. The film reunites the core cast, including Adrian Grenier as aspiring actor-turned-director Vincent Chase, Kevin Connolly as his manager Eric Murphy, Jerry Ferrara as entrepreneur Turtle, Kevin Dillon as actor Johnny "Drama" Chase, and Jeremy Piven as super-agent Ari Gold. Released theatrically by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 3, 2015, following a premiere on May 27, it picks up several years after the series finale, satirizing Hollywood's high-stakes environment through the lens of celebrity culture and industry machinations.^[22]^[23] The plot unfolds five years after the series' conclusion, with Vincent Chase now directing and starring in Hyde, a $100 million action thriller inspired by the Jekyll and Hyde story. As production spirals over budget, studio head Harvey Larsen (played by Billy Bob Thornton) threatens to replace Vincent, sparking a battle involving Ari, who has risen to studio chief after a sabbatical. Meanwhile, Eric grapples with personal life changes, Turtle expands his business ventures, and Drama seeks relevance in a competitive industry. The narrative weaves in ego clashes, financial pressures, and cameos from stars like Haley Joel Osment as a hacker ally, Liam Neeson, Jessica Alba, and Ronda Rousey, amplifying the film's insider appeal while echoing the group's longstanding dynamics of loyalty and excess.^[24]^[25] Production on the film began principal photography in February 2014, primarily in Los Angeles, California, with additional scenes shot in Miami, Florida, to capture the glamour of Hollywood locales like beaches, studios, and upscale eateries. The project carried a $30 million budget, executive produced by Mark Wahlberg alongside Ellin, Stephen Levinson, and Wayne Carpendale, emphasizing the low-risk extension of the beloved series. However, development faced significant delays from 2013 onward due to protracted salary negotiations with the cast, as Warner Bros. insisted on keeping costs under $30 million; tensions peaked publicly when Wahlberg accused actors of greed, but resolutions came through deferred compensation and backend deals, allowing filming to proceed after nearly a year of stalemate.^[26]^[27]^[28] Critics gave the film mixed-to-negative reviews, with a 32% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 210 reviews, faulting its formulaic storytelling, shallow character development, and bro-centric humor as outdated, though some praised the nostalgic energy and parade of cameos for recapturing the series' breezy vibe.^[29] The Hollywood Reporter noted it as "a feature-length version of a standard episode, for better and worse," while Variety highlighted its "self-satisfied smugness" but acknowledged the fun in its celebrity-stuffed escapism. At the box office, it opened to $10.3 million domestically and ultimately grossed $32.4 million in North America and $49.3 million worldwide, falling short of high expectations for a summer comedy but achieving modest profitability; it performed stronger on home video and streaming, bolstering the franchise's enduring fanbase.^[23]^[25]^[27] The film's release cemented Entourage's legacy as a cheeky chronicle of male camaraderie in Tinseltown, critiquing yet reveling in the excesses of fame, though its lukewarm reception underscored shifting cultural sensitivities toward such portrayals by the mid-2010s. It amplified the series' influence on perceptions of Hollywood deal-making and celebrity networking, with cameos blurring lines between fiction and reality. As of 2025, no sequel films have been announced, though discussions of potential series reboots persist among cast and creators.^[30]^[21]

Technology and computing

Microsoft Entourage

Microsoft Entourage was a personal information manager (PIM) and email client developed by Microsoft exclusively for the Mac OS X platform. First released on October 11, 2000, as part of the Microsoft Office 2001 for Mac suite, it addressed the absence of a native Mac version of Microsoft Outlook by integrating email handling, calendar management, contact organization, task tracking, and note-taking into a single application.^[31] Designed with a Mac-centric interface, Entourage emphasized ease of use for individual users and small teams during the pre-Intel Mac era, when cross-platform compatibility challenges were prominent.^[32] Key features included support for standard email protocols such as POP3 and IMAP, enabling seamless retrieval and management of messages from various servers, along with hierarchical folder structures for organizing communications.^[33] The application also offered robust PIM tools, such as a customizable calendar for scheduling and reminders, a contacts database with vCard import/export, and a task list with priority settings. Starting with Entourage 2004, the Project Center feature was introduced to enhance task management by allowing users to aggregate related emails, documents, tasks, and notes into project-specific folders, facilitating better workflow organization without requiring external tools.^[34] These capabilities made Entourage a versatile alternative to Outlook, particularly valued by Mac users in creative fields like design and media for its integration with other Office applications. Entourage evolved through several iterations to fill gaps in Microsoft's Mac productivity lineup, with major updates in Office v. X (2002), Office 2004, and culminating in Entourage 2008, released on January 15, 2008, as part of Office 2008 for Mac.^[35] However, it faced criticism for lacking full feature parity with the Windows version of Outlook, including limited initial support for Microsoft Exchange servers—full integration was not achieved until the Exchange Update for Entourage X in August 2003—and incomplete handling of advanced enterprise scenarios.^[36] Microsoft discontinued Entourage with the launch of Office for Mac 2011 on October 26, 2010, replacing it with a Mac-optimized version of Outlook to align features more closely across platforms.^[37] Official support for Entourage, tied to Office 2008, ended on April 9, 2013, after which no further updates or security patches were provided.^[38] As a 32-bit application, Entourage became incompatible with modern macOS versions starting from macOS Catalina (10.15) in 2019, posing challenges for legacy users attempting to access archived data on newer hardware.^[39] Despite its discontinuation, Entourage remained popular among creative professionals for its intuitive design and reliability in personal productivity workflows until the transition to Outlook.^[40]

enTourage eDGe

The enTourage eDGe was a dual-screen Android-based tablet and e-book reader developed by enTourage Systems, Inc., and released in March 2010.^[41] It combined a 9.7-inch E Ink display for glare-free reading with a 10.1-inch color LCD touchscreen for multimedia and computing tasks, running a customized version of Android 1.6.^[42] The device supported formats such as ePub and PDF, along with web browsing, email, and audio/video recording capabilities.^[42] It also included note-taking functionality via a stylus on the resistive touchscreen, with full-size USB ports, Wi-Fi, and a 3-megapixel camera.^[43] Targeted at students and professionals, the eDGe was marketed as a versatile "dualbook" productivity tool that extended beyond traditional e-reading to include netbook-like features such as app support and content creation.^[44] Priced at $499, it weighed approximately 3 pounds and featured a book-like clamshell design with a 180-degree hinge for flexible viewing modes.^[45] The hardware used a 1.2 GHz Marvell Armada PXA168 processor with 512 MB RAM and 4 GB internal storage (3 GB available to user), expandable via microSD.^[43] Despite its innovative hybrid approach, the eDGe achieved poor market performance due to its high cost, bulky form factor, and stiff competition from Apple's iPad, which launched in April 2010 and offered a more streamlined tablet experience at a similar price point.^[46] Sales were limited, and by May 2011, enTourage Systems discontinued the device, closed its content store, and ceased operations on the product line.^[47] As an early pioneer in hybrid e-ink and LCD devices, the eDGe represented an ambitious but ultimately unsuccessful attempt to merge e-reading with mobile computing, influencing subsequent concepts in dual-screen tablets though no direct revivals have emerged as of 2025.^[48]

Other uses

Entourage effect

The entourage effect refers to the hypothesis that cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), along with terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds in cannabis, interact synergistically to enhance therapeutic benefits beyond what isolated compounds can achieve alone.^[49] This concept emphasizes the "whole-plant" efficacy of cannabis, where the combined action of these phytochemicals modulates physiological responses more effectively than single-molecule treatments.^[50] The term "entourage effect" was coined in 1998 by biochemists Raphael Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat in a study on the endocannabinoid system, describing how inactive endogenous compounds enhance the activity of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, a key endocannabinoid.^[51] It was extended to cannabis phytochemistry in the early 2000s and popularized by neurologist Ethan Russo in his 2011 review paper, which highlighted potential synergies between cannabinoids and terpenes for conditions like pain and inflammation.^[52] This shift underscored the limitations of isolating compounds like THC, advocating instead for full-spectrum extracts to capture natural interactions.^[53] Proposed mechanisms involve interactions within the endocannabinoid system, where non-psychoactive CBD can attenuate THC's intoxicating effects, reducing anxiety while preserving analgesia.^[54] Terpenes, such as beta-caryophyllene, may facilitate absorption across the blood-brain barrier or contribute anti-inflammatory properties through separate receptor pathways like CB2.^[55] For instance, preclinical research has identified synergistic ratios, like 1:1 THC:CBD, that amplify pain relief in animal models by enhancing receptor binding and downstream signaling without increasing side effects.^[56] Supporting evidence includes preclinical studies showing THC-terpene combinations yield stronger anti-inflammatory outcomes than THC alone, as detailed in Russo's 2011 analysis.^[52] Clinical trials have demonstrated benefits for epilepsy and anxiety; a 2024 randomized study found that THC paired with the terpene limonene significantly reduced anxiety, nervousness, and paranoia more effectively than THC alone in healthy participants.^[57] In November 2025, a study by Raz et al. provided further evidence by demonstrating selective activation of cannabinoid receptors by cannabis terpenes, reinforcing the entourage effect.^[58] However, debates continue, with some reviews attributing perceived synergies to placebo responses or variable dosing rather than inherent interactions, calling for more standardized human trials.^[59]^[60] In medical applications, the entourage effect informs the development of full-spectrum cannabis products for conditions like chronic pain and neurological disorders.^[61] As of 2025, while the U.S. FDA has approved isolated cannabinoid therapies such as Epidiolex (CBD) for epilepsy, European and UK studies increasingly support full-spectrum formulations, with ongoing trials in the EU exploring enhanced efficacy for multiple sclerosis symptoms.^[62]^[63] Despite this progress, the field lacks large-scale, definitive clinical validation, limiting regulatory adoption beyond anecdotal and preliminary data.^[64]

Entourage in art and architecture

In architecture and landscape design, entourage denotes ancillary elements—such as foliage, human figures, vehicles, or secondary structures—incorporated into renderings and sketches to convey scale, realism, and environmental integration. These supportive features help visualize how a building interacts with its surroundings, making abstract designs more relatable.^[65] A prominent example appears in 19th-century architectural sketches by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, where entourage elements like trees and pedestrians were added to Gothic revival drawings to illustrate spatial dynamics and human proportion. This approach not only aids in communicating design intent but also emphasizes the building's contextual fit within urban or natural landscapes.^[66] The concept of entourage, derived from the French term meaning "surroundings," is used in architectural drawing to add non-architectural details for context and scale.^[67] In modern applications, entourage has evolved with digital tools, where libraries of pre-rendered elements—such as trees, people, and street furniture—are integrated into software like AutoCAD and SketchUp to streamline visualization workflows. Architect Le Corbusier frequently employed urban entourages in his early 20th-century sketches, adding contextual figures and vehicles to modernist building designs to highlight functional and social interactions, as seen in his Villa Savoye drawings.^[68] By 2025, entourage elements are increasingly embedded in virtual reality (VR) architectural visualization platforms, enabling immersive simulations that dynamically adjust surroundings for client presentations and urban planning.^[69] Distinct from foreground subjects, entourage functions as non-dominant, supportive components designed to enrich without overwhelming the central focus, ensuring clarity and preventing visual clutter in both traditional and contemporary works. This deliberate subordination maintains compositional integrity, as evidenced in guidelines from architectural rendering manuals.^[70]

References

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https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entourage
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Entourage Creator Doug Ellin Previews His New Pilot, 'Ramble On'
Dec 13, 2024 · Twenty years after the premiere of the seminal HBO bro show Entourage, creator Ellin previews his similarly themed new show, 'Ramble On.'
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the group of people who travel with and work for an important or famous person. Her usual entourage includes musicians, backup singers, and technicians.
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Originating from French entourer (16c.) meaning "to surround," entourage means "surroundings" or "attendant persons" as followers or companions.
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Entourage Edge - Review 2010 - PCMag UK
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The Entourage Edge – A Fairy Tale E-Reader?
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Entourage Edge gets super official at CES, set to ship next month for ...
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Entourage Edge Dual-screen eBook Reader Is Dead And Gone
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The evidence from current research supports the use of medical cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain in adults.
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The Entourage Effect in Cannabis Medicinal Products
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