Ford Excursion
The Ford Excursion is a heavy-duty full-size SUV manufactured by Ford Motor Company from 2000 to 2005, derived from the F-250 Super Duty pickup truck platform to provide exceptional towing and payload capacities beyond those of conventional SUVs.[1][2] Introduced as the largest production SUV in history, measuring over 226 inches in length and capable of seating up to nine passengers, it featured engine options including a standard 5.4-liter V8 (255 horsepower), an optional 6.8-liter V10, and diesel variants like the 7.3-liter Power Stroke (up to 275 horsepower and 525 lb-ft torque).[3][4] Its maximum towing capacity reached 11,000 pounds, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications such as hauling large trailers or boats, while four-wheel-drive models excelled in off-road conditions due to the robust Super Duty chassis and suspension.[4][5] Production totaled approximately 195,000 units, with peak sales exceeding 50,000 in the debut year of 2000 before declining amid rising fuel prices and stricter emissions regulations, leading to discontinuation after 2005.[6][7] The vehicle faced early controversies over its massive size, poor fuel economy (typically 10-14 mpg combined), and estimated lifetime emissions, drawing criticism from environmental groups concerned about its contribution to greenhouse gases and urban maneuverability.[8][5] Despite this, diesel-equipped models have gained a cult following for their durability, with low-mileage examples now commanding premium prices due to the 7.3-liter engine's reputation for longevity exceeding 500,000 miles when maintained properly.[9][10]Development and Production
Origin and Concept
The Ford Excursion originated from Ford Motor Company's strategy in the late 1990s to expand its SUV lineup with a heavy-duty model capable of outperforming competitors like the Chevrolet Suburban 2500-series in towing and payload capacities. Drawing on the newly engineered Super Duty chassis—introduced with the 1999 F-250 and F-350 pickups, featuring a fully boxed frame, heavier axles, and enhanced suspension—the Excursion was conceptualized as an SUV extension of this platform to meet growing demand for robust, truck-based family vehicles during the SUV market surge.[3][11] This concept prioritized mechanical superiority over lighter-duty designs like the Ford Expedition, enabling a maximum towing capacity of 11,000 pounds and seating for up to nine occupants in a body stretched to 226 inches long. Ford engineers aimed to create the largest production SUV, surpassing the Suburban in dimensions and curb weight, which exceeded 7,000 pounds, while incorporating Super Duty powertrains such as the 6.8-liter V10 gasoline engine and 7.3-liter Power Stroke diesel for heavy-duty performance.[1][12] The vehicle was unveiled on September 30, 1999, at the Texas State Fair, with production commencing in July 1999 at Ford's Kentucky Truck Plant alongside Super Duty trucks, marking the debut of the 2000 model year. This rapid development reflected Ford's intent to capitalize on the Super Duty's architecture without significant re-engineering, positioning the Excursion as a versatile hauler for large families, contractors, and towing enthusiasts rather than a mere luxury cruiser.[13]Production Timeline and Manufacturing
The Ford Excursion began production in September 1999 at the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky, for the 2000 model year, sharing the assembly line with the Ford Super Duty F-Series trucks on which it was based.[14][15] This facility, spanning approximately 500 acres and operational since 1969, handled the integration of the Excursion's extended SUV body onto the heavy-duty F-250 and F-350 chassis, employing modular manufacturing techniques common to Ford's truck production.[16] Manufacturing emphasized durability through the use of high-strength steel framing and robust welding processes derived from commercial truck standards, with final assembly including the installation of gasoline V8 or diesel powertrains sourced from Ford's engine plants.[2] Production volumes peaked in the initial years before declining amid shifting market demands for larger SUVs, though exact annual figures remain proprietary to Ford.[17] The model received minor platform updates synchronized with Super Duty refreshes, such as cosmetic and mechanical tweaks for 2002 and a powertrain shift to the 6.0-liter Power Stroke diesel in 2005, all executed at the same Louisville facility without major retooling.[3] Production ceased on September 30, 2005, with remaining inventory sold as 2006 models in Mexico, marking the end of the Excursion's six-year run totaling over 200,000 units.[18][19]Design and Engineering
Chassis and Suspension
The Ford Excursion utilized a body-on-frame chassis based on the F-Series Super Duty platform, featuring a ladder-type frame constructed from high-strength steel rails with fully boxed sections in critical areas to provide structural rigidity and support gross vehicle weight ratings ranging from 8,600 to 9,700 pounds depending on configuration.[12][20] The frame's front section was identical to that of the contemporaneous F-250 and F-350 Super Duty trucks, facilitating shared components for powertrain and steering mounting, while the rear extension was uniquely lengthened to a 137.1-inch wheelbase to accommodate the SUV's three-row body and increased passenger/cargo volume.[21][20] This design prioritized towing capacity—up to 11,000 pounds when properly equipped—and payload handling over unibody lightness, reflecting the vehicle's truck-derived engineering for heavy-duty applications.[12] Suspension components emphasized durability and load-bearing rather than refined ride quality, with solid beam axles fore and aft across all models to maintain axle alignment under heavy loads or off-road conditions.[12] The rear setup featured a Sterling 10.5-inch diameter solid axle housing a hypoid gear differential, suspended by multi-leaf springs rated for capacities up to 2,275 pounds, complemented by shock absorbers and a track bar for stability.[22] Front suspension differed by drivetrain: four-wheel-drive variants employed a Dana 50 solid front axle with twin leaf springs (typically two main leaves plus overloads) and radius arms for articulation and strength, enabling a ground clearance of 8.3 inches and approach angle suitable for light off-roading.[23][24] Two-wheel-drive models, less common, substituted a twin I-beam independent front suspension with coil springs for marginally better on-road compliance, though retaining the Super Duty's robust track widths of 68.4 inches front and 68.1 inches rear.[25][20] Overall, the system's leaf-spring dominance contributed to the Excursion's truck-like handling characteristics, with critics noting payload-induced sag under full loads but praising its stability when towing.[12]Powertrain Specifications
The Ford Excursion utilized engines derived from the F-Series Super Duty trucks, paired exclusively with automatic transmissions and available in rear-wheel-drive (2WD) or four-wheel-drive (4WD) configurations.[3] The 4WD system employed an NV273 transfer case and Dana 50 front axle, with the rear featuring a Sterling 10.5-inch axle.[20] Axle ratios included 3.73:1 as standard, with optional 4.10:1 or 4.30:1 depending on engine and trim for optimized towing and performance.[26] Gasoline engines included the 5.4-liter Triton V8, producing 255 horsepower at 4,500 rpm and 350 pound-feet of torque at 2,500 rpm, and the 6.8-liter Triton V10, delivering 310 horsepower at 4,250 rpm and 425 pound-feet at 3,250 rpm.[27][20] Both were mated to the 4R100 four-speed automatic transmission, rated for heavy-duty applications up to 440 pound-feet of input torque.[28] Diesel powertrains evolved over the model run. From 2000 to 2002, the 7.3-liter Power Stroke V8 turbodiesel provided 235 horsepower at 2,700 rpm and 500 pound-feet of torque at 1,600 rpm, also paired with the 4R100.[29] Starting in 2003, Ford introduced the 6.0-liter Power Stroke V8 turbodiesel, outputting 325 horsepower and 560 pound-feet of torque, which was equipped with the TorqShift 5R110W five-speed automatic transmission featuring enhanced torque converter lockup and overdrive for improved efficiency under load.[30]| Engine | Displacement | Horsepower | Torque (lb-ft) | Transmission | Years Available |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triton V8 | 5.4 L | 255 @ 4,500 rpm | 350 @ 2,500 rpm | 4R100 (4-speed auto) | 2000–2005 |
| Triton V10 | 6.8 L | 310 @ 4,250 rpm | 425 @ 3,250 rpm | 4R100 (4-speed auto) | 2000–2005 |
| Power Stroke Diesel | 7.3 L | 235 @ 2,700 rpm | 500 @ 1,600 rpm | 4R100 (4-speed auto) | 2000–2002 |
| Power Stroke Diesel | 6.0 L | 325 | 560 | TorqShift (5-speed auto) | 2003–2005 |
Body and Interior Design
The Ford Excursion utilized a body-on-frame construction derived from the F-250 and F-350 Super Duty truck chassis, ensuring high payload and towing capabilities integrated into an SUV format.[31] This design featured a steel unibody shell mounted on the ladder frame, with a four-door body style and a tall, boxy roofline optimized for maximum interior volume rather than aerodynamic efficiency. Exterior dimensions comprised a length of 226.7 inches, width of 80 inches excluding mirrors, height of 77.2 to 80.2 inches depending on 2WD or 4WD configuration, and a wheelbase of 137 inches, positioning it as the longest production SUV at launch in 1999 for the 2000 model year.[32][33][34] Interior design prioritized spaciousness and utility, seating up to nine occupants in three rows of bench seats configured for family or work use. Headroom measured approximately 41 inches in the front and rear rows, with cargo capacity of 48 cubic feet behind the third row expanding to 146.4 cubic feet when second- and third-row seats were folded flat.[34] The dashboard and controls mirrored those of the Super Duty trucks, emphasizing functional ergonomics with durable materials suited to heavy use, though higher trims like Limited added leather seating and woodgrain accents for enhanced comfort.[35] Entry-level models used cloth upholstery, while power-adjustable front seats and climate controls were available across variants to accommodate varying passenger needs.[35]Features and Variants
Trim Levels
The Ford Excursion was available in four primary trim levels—XLS, XLT, Eddie Bauer, and Limited—across its 2000–2005 production run, with configurations offering rear-wheel or four-wheel drive and seating for up to nine passengers.[36][37] Powertrain choices, including the base 5.4-liter V8 (255 hp), optional 6.8-liter V10 (310 hp), and diesel V8 variants (7.3-liter in 2000–2004 producing 235 hp, upgraded to 6.0-liter in 2005 producing 325 hp), were selectable across all trims.[38] The XLS served as the entry-level trim, geared toward fleet operators and budget-conscious buyers, with standard cloth bench seating in a 40/20/40 split configuration for the front row, basic instrumentation, and manual adjustments for many controls; it typically paired with the 5.4-liter V8 and emphasized utility over luxury.[38] In 2005, its MSRP started at $41,395.[39] The XLT trim elevated standard equipment for retail consumers, adding chrome exterior accents, power windows and locks, air conditioning, and an upgraded audio system while retaining cloth seating as standard (with leather optional); it represented the volume seller with a 2000 base MSRP of $33,655 for rear-wheel-drive models.[40][30] By 2005, XLT pricing began at $42,385.[39] Eddie Bauer and Limited trims targeted premium buyers, featuring leather upholstery, power-adjustable front seats, automatic climate control, and premium 16-inch alloy wheels as standard. The Eddie Bauer edition incorporated a two-tone interior scheme and rugged styling cues evoking outdoor adventure, while the Limited added upscale elements like memory settings for the driver's seat, rear audio controls, and illuminated running boards for enhanced accessibility.[41][39] In 2000, Limited models started at $37,650 (rear-wheel drive), rising to $46,640 MSRP by 2005; Eddie Bauer pricing for 2005 was $45,315.[40][39] Optional packages across higher trims included a DVD entertainment system and navigation, though these were not standard.[39]Special Editions and Conversions
The Ford Excursion was available with a Special Service Package tailored for fleet, police, and emergency services, featuring reinforced components like heavy-duty axles, fleet-rated alternators, and optional diesel powertrains for command and transport roles. This package, based on the XLT trim, included uprated cooling systems, vinyl flooring, and provisions for emergency lighting and communications, with production spanning 2000 to 2005.[42][43] The New York Fire Department (FDNY) transitioned to Excursions in 2001, replacing Chevrolet Suburbans discontinued in diesel form, deploying XLS variants equipped with the 6.0L Power Stroke V8 for battalion chief vehicles due to superior towing capacity up to 11,000 pounds and nine-passenger seating.[44] Aftermarket limousine conversions transformed the Excursion into extended-body luxury vehicles, typically adding 10-15 feet via frame extensions and independent rear suspension, seating 20-30 passengers with amenities including plasma screens, wet bars, and fiber-optic lighting. Firms like Big Limos and Ultra Limousine produced these from 2000-2005 donor vehicles, emphasizing the Excursion's Super Duty chassis for stability under heavy loads exceeding 7,000 pounds curb weight.[45][46] A 2003 executive conversion example featured a 6.8L V10 engine, 4WD, and custom gray leather interiors, reflecting demand for robust group transport.[47] Armored conversions enhanced security for VIP and tactical applications, incorporating ballistic steel plating (up to B6/NIJ Level III standards), run-flat tires, and opaque armored glass while retaining near-stock drivability. Becker Automotive Design's 2004 Excursion limo, built for Jordan's King Abdullah II at $620,000, integrated Level 7 protection, encrypted communications, and a partition, weighing approximately 10,000 pounds post-conversion.[48][49] The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP) utilized armored Excursion Limited models from the early 2000s for convoy protection and VIP escort, leveraging the 5.4L V8 or diesel for urban operations in Taiwan.[50] Commercial outfits like Streit Manufacturing and Premium Armoring offered similar upfits, often on 4x4 donors with V10 engines for global export markets.[51][52]Market Reception and Controversies
Commercial and Consumer Reception
The Ford Excursion received strong approval from consumers, particularly those prioritizing towing capacity, interior space, and durability, with owner satisfaction ratings consistently high across major automotive review platforms. On Kelley Blue Book, the 2000 model earned a 4.8 out of 5 rating from 540 reviews, with 87% of owners awarding it five stars for its reliability and versatility in hauling families or trailers. Edmunds user reviews for the 2000 and 2005 models averaged 4.7 to 4.8 out of 5, highlighting the vehicle's robust Super Duty chassis, powerful engine options like the 6.8-liter V10 or 6.8-liter Power Stroke diesel, and ability to tow up to 11,000 pounds without strain. Cars.com feedback similarly averaged 4.5 to 4.7 out of 5, with owners praising its exceptional visibility, third-row seating for up to nine passengers, and long-term dependability, often exceeding 200,000 miles with routine maintenance. Diesel variants drew particular acclaim for torque delivery and fuel efficiency relative to gasoline counterparts, fostering a dedicated enthusiast base that values its truck-derived engineering over everyday maneuverability challenges.[53][54][55][56][57] Automotive press coverage acknowledged the Excursion's superior heavy-duty attributes but often critiqued its scale and on-road dynamics as ill-suited for typical SUV buyers. Car and Driver's 1999 first-drive review lauded its cavernous interior—offering 167 cubic feet of maximum cargo volume—and truck-like stability under load, yet faulted its 19-foot length for exacerbating parking difficulties and its projected sub-18 mpg fuel economy as environmentally taxing compared to competitors like the Chevrolet Suburban. Motor Trend's 2000 test of the Limited trim commended the V10 engine's smoothness and 310 horsepower for effortless acceleration, achieving 0-60 mph in under 10 seconds unloaded, but noted the vehicle's ponderous handling on curves and wide turning radius of 50 feet as drawbacks for urban use. The publication's 2002 evaluation of the diesel model improved on efficiency, averaging over 18 mpg highway, yet emphasized its appeal primarily to towing specialists rather than mass-market consumers. Overall, journalists respected its engineering prowess derived from the F-250 Super Duty platform but viewed it as an oversized response to demand for capability, occasionally framing it as excessive amid shifting preferences toward more agile full-size SUVs.[58][59][60]Environmental Criticisms and Fuel Economy Debates
The Ford Excursion, produced from 2000 to 2005, drew environmental criticism for its substantial fuel consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions, stemming from its heavy curb weight exceeding 7,000 pounds and large-displacement engines. The gasoline-powered 5.4-liter V8 variant, rated at 310 horsepower, achieved estimated combined fuel economy of 10-13 miles per gallon according to Ford's internal testing, while independent estimates placed city/highway figures at 8/12 mpg.[29][59] Diesel models, such as the 7.3-liter Power Stroke, yielded real-world highway averages of 14-19 mpg under optimal conditions per owner reports, though combined usage often fell to 12-15 mpg, with aggregated data from tracked vehicles showing 12.8 mpg average for 2004 models.[61][62] These figures positioned the Excursion among the least efficient full-size SUVs, exempt from federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards due to its gross vehicle weight rating surpassing 8,500 pounds, which critics argued enabled higher per-vehicle emissions without regulatory penalties.[63] Environmental organizations, including the Sierra Club, condemned the Excursion as a major contributor to global warming, estimating it would emit approximately 130 tons more carbon dioxide over its lifetime compared to a comparable passenger car, based on its projected low mileage and high fuel use.[64] Activist campaigns like Jumpstart Ford organized protests at dealerships, highlighting the vehicle's role in exacerbating urban air pollution and fossil fuel dependence, with detractors labeling it a symbol of excessive American vehicle culture.[65] Such critiques intensified amid early 2000s debates over SUV loopholes in emissions regulations, where groups contended that the Excursion's poor efficiency—often cited as 13 mpg overall—undermined broader efforts to reduce transportation sector emissions, which accounted for about 27% of U.S. totals at the time.[66] Fuel economy debates centered on the vehicle's exemption from EPA labeling requirements, prompting arguments over real-world versus tested performance and its utility justification. Proponents, including some automotive analysts, noted that despite absolute emissions, the Excursion met contemporary low-emission vehicle standards and produced fewer hydrocarbons per mile than many pre-2000 compact cars due to advanced catalytic converters and fuel injection, challenging narratives of inherent inefficiency.[67][68] Owner forums and tests revealed variability, with highway efficiency improving to 17-21 mpg in unloaded diesel configurations at speeds under 65 mph, but dropping significantly under towing loads up to 11,000 pounds, fueling discussions on whether its capability for heavy-duty tasks offset environmental costs on a per-capacity basis.[69] Critics countered that such defenses ignored aggregate fleet impacts, as sales of over 200,000 units amplified total fuel demand without proportional efficiency gains from lighter alternatives.[70] These tensions reflected broader causal realities of vehicle mass and power correlating with higher energy use, absent compensatory technological mitigations during the Excursion's era.Regulatory Pressures and Capability Defenses
The Ford Excursion's gross vehicle weight rating, exceeding 8,500 pounds, exempted it from Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards that applied to lighter passenger cars and light trucks, allowing Ford to produce it without direct federal fuel efficiency mandates during its 2000–2005 run.[71] Nevertheless, the vehicle encountered indirect regulatory pressures through heightened emissions scrutiny and public campaigns targeting large SUVs, as its estimated real-world fuel economy of 12–15 miles per gallon amplified debates over energy consumption amid rising gasoline prices and early-2000s pushes for tighter light-truck standards.[72] Environmental organizations, including the Sierra Club, launched protests dubbing the Excursion a "gas-guzzling behemoth" and pressed for loophole closures in truck classifications, contributing to its negative market perception despite no binding EPA fuel ratings.[8] These pressures, combined with broader policy discussions on global warming and urban air quality, factored into Ford's decision to discontinue the model after the 2005 model year, though sales declines and shifting consumer preferences toward smaller vehicles played larger roles than enforceable regulations.[72] Defenders of the Excursion emphasized its engineered capabilities as justification for its size and consumption, particularly its class-leading towing capacity of up to 11,000 pounds when equipped with the 7.3-liter Power Stroke V8 turbodiesel engine and appropriate gearing, enabling it to handle heavy trailers like boats or RVs far beyond the limits of standard SUVs.[73] [74] In safety terms, its robust Super Duty-derived chassis and over 7,000-pound curb weight provided superior occupant protection in multi-vehicle crashes, with features like the BlockerBeam—a reinforced front structure—designed to prevent smaller cars from sliding underneath during frontal impacts, thereby reducing fatalities compared to lighter vehicles in such scenarios.[75] Emissions-wise, the Excursion complied with low-emission vehicle certification for heavy-duty trucks, incorporating advanced catalytic converters that curbed smog pollutants to levels competitive within its category, with some analyses arguing that its per-mile emissions were lower than many older, less efficient sedans still on roads, challenging blanket environmental condemnations by prioritizing actual pollutant output over fuel use alone.[68] These attributes underscored its utility for large families, towing needs, and rural or off-road applications, where downsized alternatives compromised functionality without proportional environmental gains.[76]Sales Performance and Discontinuation
Annual Sales Figures
The Ford Excursion recorded its highest United States sales in the 2000 model year, with 50,786 units sold, reflecting initial enthusiasm for its heavy-duty capabilities amid a booming SUV market.[77][32] Sales declined progressively in subsequent years, dropping to 16,283 units by the 2005 model year, the final year of production, due to factors including rising fuel prices, environmental backlash, and competition from lighter full-size SUVs like the Ford Expedition.[77][32][78] Cumulative U.S. sales from 2000 to 2005 totaled approximately 176,890 units, far below Ford's initial production capacity target of 70,000 annually and insufficient to achieve profitability given the vehicle's high development and manufacturing costs.[77][64]| Model Year | U.S. Sales |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 50,786 |
| 2001 | 34,710 |
| 2002 | 29,042 |
| 2003 | 26,259 |
| 2004 | 20,010 |
| 2005 | 16,283 |