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Garoua

Garoua is a port city and the capital of Cameroon's North Region and Bénoué Department, located on the right bank of the Benue River in the northeastern part of the country.^[1]^[2] As the third-largest city in Cameroon, it serves as an economic hub for the northern provinces, with a population estimated at approximately 390,000 in 2025, reflecting an annual growth rate of about 2.86% driven by high birth rates and regional migration.^[3]^[4] The city is renowned for its role as a major river port and commercial center, facilitating trade in goods such as cotton, livestock, and fish along the Benue waterway.^[4] Economically, Garoua is anchored in the primary sector, where roughly half of the workforce engages in agriculture, livestock rearing, and fishing, with cotton serving as a key cash crop that supports livelihoods across the North Region.^[4]^[5] Informal trade, handicrafts, and basic processing industries also contribute significantly, bolstered by the city's strategic position as a gateway for cross-border commerce with neighboring Chad and Nigeria.^[4] Established as an urban community in 2008, Garoua continues to grow as a vital node in Cameroon's northern infrastructure, including road links to other regions and ongoing development projects aimed at enhancing connectivity and agricultural productivity.^[1]^[6]

History

Founding and Pre-Colonial Era

Garoua was established as a lamidat within the newly formed Adamawa Emirate around 1810 by Ardo Tayrou, a Fulani leader acting under the broader authority of Modibbo Adama, who founded the emirate in 1809 through jihadist campaigns inspired by the Sokoto Caliphate.^[7] This founding integrated the settlement into the expanding Fulani political network, where local non-Fulani groups, such as the Moundang and Fali, were incorporated through military conquest, tribute systems, and gradual administrative assimilation, often involving the appointment of Fulani overseers or conversion to Islam.^[8] The town's pre-colonial development centered on its strategic location along the Benue River, which served as a vital artery for regional commerce. Garoua emerged as an important trading post, where merchants exchanged slaves captured from surrounding highlands, ivory from local forests, and cattle herded by Fulani pastoralists for goods like salt, cloth, and metal tools from northern markets in Hausaland and Bornu. Early accounts describe it as a modest riverside outpost with a population likely numbering in the low thousands, sustained by agriculture, fishing, and these trade activities.^[8] The Sokoto Caliphate exerted significant influence over Garoua's governance and society, as the Adamawa Emirate functioned as a semi-autonomous vassal state within the caliphate's domain. This connection introduced centralized Islamic administration, including the enforcement of Sharia law, the establishment of qadi courts for dispute resolution, and the construction of mosques that served as centers for religious education and community organization.^[9] Lamidos like Tayrou ruled under the emir's oversight, blending Fulani pastoral traditions with Sokoto's scholarly and jihadist ethos to legitimize authority and promote Islam among both Fulani settlers and subdued local populations.^[8]

Colonial Period and Independence

The German colonization of Cameroon commenced in 1884, when the territory was proclaimed the protectorate of Kamerun following treaties signed with local leaders along the coast. Garoua, strategically positioned on the Benue River in the northern interior, was gradually incorporated into the colonial administration and developed as a key river port during the German era, serving as a vital link for transporting goods from the hinterlands to coastal export points. By the early 1900s, the port at Garoua supported the shipment of commodities such as rubber and ivory, laying the groundwork for its economic significance in the region. A mission school was established in Garoua in 1906 to promote education among local populations, though it faced resistance from Muslim communities concerned about its impact on Islamic practices.^[10]^[11] Following Germany's defeat in World War I, the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 mandated the partition of Kamerun between France and Britain under the League of Nations. The French received the larger eastern portion, including Garoua and the northern regions, while the British administered the western strip. This division shaped Garoua's trajectory under French mandate, where colonial authorities prioritized administrative control and economic exploitation in the north. Garoua became a district headquarters, with French officials overseeing local governance and resource extraction.^[11] During the interwar and World War II periods, French colonial development focused on infrastructure to integrate northern Cameroon into the broader economy, constructing key roads in the 1920s and 1930s that connected Douala on the coast to Garoua and extended northward to Maroua and Fort-Foureau. These improvements, including enhancements to the Benue River port, facilitated the transport of agricultural products and bolstered Garoua's role as a commercial hub. In the 1940s, aviation infrastructure was added, with Garoua gaining one of the territory's principal airports alongside Douala and Yaoundé. Cotton cultivation, initiated experimentally in the north during this era, expanded significantly by the late colonial period, with Garoua's port enabling exports of the fiber produced in surrounding areas under the management of French companies like the Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles.^[5] Post-World War II decolonization pressures intensified in the 1950s, marked by uprisings led by the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), a nationalist party advocating for immediate independence and multiparty democracy; French forces suppressed these revolts, which were concentrated in the south but influenced broader political mobilization across the territory. Garoua's northern context, with its Muslim-majority population and Fulani leadership, aligned more with moderate nationalist figures, notably Ahmadou Ahidjo, born in 1924 near Garoua, who rose through French-appointed assemblies to become prime minister in 1958. French Cameroun attained independence on January 1, 1960, with Ahidjo as president, establishing the Republic of Cameroon. The following year, a UN-plebiscite saw southern British Cameroon vote to federate with the new republic, achieving unification on October 1, 1961, and solidifying Garoua's position as capital of the North Region; by 1967, the city's population had grown to approximately 23,000, reflecting post-independence administrative expansion.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Post-Independence Developments

Following Cameroon's independence in 1960, Garoua experienced significant population growth, expanding from approximately 23,000 residents in 1967 to 307,000 by 2015 and an estimated 391,000 as of 2025, largely fueled by rural-to-urban migration and its designation as the capital of the newly created North Region in 1983 via presidential decree No. 83/390 of August 22, 1983, which reorganized the former unified North Province into three separate administrative units.^[14]^[15]^[3] This administrative elevation positioned Garoua as a key hub for regional governance and economic activities, attracting migrants seeking employment in agriculture, trade, and public services along the Benue River.^[16] The 1980s economic crisis, triggered by a sharp decline in global prices for key exports including cotton, severely impacted Garoua's development, leading to reduced government revenues, rising inflation, and stalled infrastructure projects across northern Cameroon.^[17] Despite these challenges, the city's cotton industry saw targeted growth in the 1990s through the expansion of SODECOTON, the state-led cotton development company headquartered in Garoua since its founding in 1974, which by the early 1990s assumed greater control over producer pricing, input distribution, and ginning operations to bolster local production and exports.^[5] This period marked a recovery effort in the sector, with SODECOTON's facilities in Garoua serving as a central processing hub, contributing to modest industrialization amid broader national austerity measures.^[18] Further momentum came in 2008 when Garoua was formally established as an urban community (Communauté Urbaine de Garoua), enhancing its administrative autonomy and enabling improved urban planning and service delivery.^[1] In the 2010s, Garoua faced escalating security challenges from Boko Haram incursions spilling over from neighboring Nigeria, particularly along the Benue River and near Bénoué National Park, prompting a heightened military presence including joint operations and international support such as U.S. drone surveillance from a base in the city.^[19]^[20] These threats disrupted local trade and fishing but also spurred infrastructure investments in security and refugee support, underscoring Garoua's role as a frontline regional center.

Geography and Environment

Location and Physical Features

Garoua is situated in the North Region of Cameroon, at the geographical coordinates 9°18′N 13°24′E.^[21] The city lies on the right bank of the Benue River, at an elevation of approximately 244 meters above sea level.^[22] The topography of Garoua features flat savanna terrain, characteristic of the surrounding Benue Valley, which experiences seasonal flooding from the river during the wet period.^[23] Key neighborhoods include the bustling Commercial Centre, the northwestern suburb of Yelwa adjacent to Garoua International Airport, and Roumdé Adjia, home to the city's main stadium.^[24] As a riverine settlement, Garoua serves as a gateway to the Bénoué National Park, located approximately 50 kilometers to the east, where the proximity enhances local biodiversity through shared ecosystems along the river and supports emerging tourism opportunities focused on wildlife viewing.^[25]

Climate and Weather Patterns

Garoua features a tropical savanna climate, classified as Aw under the Köppen-Geiger system, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The region receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 830 mm, concentrated over about 90 days, with the wet season spanning from May to October when monsoon influences bring heavy downpours that support vegetation growth and local water resources.^[26]^[27] Average temperatures in Garoua vary seasonally, ranging from about 26°C in December during the cooler dry period to 33°C in April at the height of the hot season, with highs often exceeding 40°C and lows dipping to around 17°C in the cooler months. The city enjoys abundant sunshine, totaling over 2,900 hours annually, which contributes to intense solar exposure; however, from January to March, hot and dry harmattan winds originating from the Sahara Desert prevail, carrying dust and reducing visibility while exacerbating aridity.^[26]^[28]^[29] Climate change has intensified weather patterns in Garoua, leading to increased risks of flooding along the Benue River since the 2010s, with notable events in 2012 and subsequent years disrupting farming cycles through erratic rainfall and overflow. Recent severe floods in 2024 and 2025 have further exacerbated these impacts, affecting over 500,000 people nationwide and damaging agricultural lands in the North Region. These shifts, including more extreme wet periods, have heightened vulnerability for agriculture, such as cotton production, which relies on predictable seasonal rains.^[30]^[31]^[32]

Demographics and Society

Population and Ethnic Composition

Garoua's urban population was estimated at approximately 391,000 in 2025, reflecting steady growth from historical figures of approximately 23,000 residents in 1967 and 307,000 in 2015.^[14]^[33]^[3] The city experiences an annual population growth rate of about 2.8%, driven primarily by high birth rates and rural-urban migration, as well as inflows from neighboring countries like Chad and Nigeria.^[4] This expansion aligns with broader urbanization trends in Cameroon's North Region, where Garoua serves as the primary urban center, attracting migrants seeking economic opportunities. The ethnic composition of Garoua is dominated by the Fulbe (also known as Fulani), who form the majority ethnic group in the North Region and reflect their historical pastoralist presence in the area.^[34] Other significant groups include the Moundang, Hausa, and a notable community of Chadian expatriates, contributing to the city's multicultural fabric amid cross-border interactions along the Benue River.^[35] The population is predominantly Muslim, which shapes everyday social norms such as community gatherings and family structures.^[34] Demographically, Garoua exhibits a gender distribution with roughly 50% female residents, consistent with national patterns in Cameroon.^[36] The city features a pronounced youth bulge, with over 60% of the population under 25 years old, a trend amplified by high fertility rates and migration of young adults from rural areas.^[36] This youthful demographic profile exerts pressure on the local labor market, as the influx of young job seekers outpaces available employment opportunities in a region reliant on agriculture and trade.^[37]

Religion and Cultural Practices

Garoua features a predominantly Muslim population, with Islam serving as the primary religion since its arrival in the region with the Fulani in the 19th century. The Central Mosque in the Poumpoumré neighborhood stands as a prominent place of worship and community hub.^[38]^[39] The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Garoua caters to the Christian minority, having been established as an apostolic prefecture in 1947, promoted to a diocese in 1955, and elevated to an archdiocese in 1982.^[40] Cultural practices in Garoua reflect the influences of major ethnic groups, particularly the Fulani, who uphold pastoral traditions centered on cattle herding. Annual Fulani festivals feature livestock parades, spirited ceremonies, and wrestling events that celebrate endurance and community bonds, drawing from their semi-nomadic heritage. Moundang contributions enrich local expressions through vibrant music and dance forms, such as the Bouloum dance performed by women during communal gatherings to honor traditions and social milestones. The Benue River inspires the annual fishing festival, where communities engage in traditional netting techniques, boat races, and feasts to mark the seasonal harvest and riverine livelihood.^[41]^[42]^[43]^[44] Interfaith dynamics foster coexistence between Muslim and Christian communities, supported by initiatives for dialogue amid regional security concerns. The Chadian consulate in Garoua assists expatriate populations, many of whom are Muslim, in maintaining cultural and religious ties across the border. Post-2020 cultural preservation efforts have been limited but include interfaith activities to promote harmony and safeguard traditions in the face of challenges like displacement and extremism.^[45]^[46]^[45]

Government and Politics

Administrative Structure

Garoua serves as the capital of Cameroon's North Region, a status it has held since the region's establishment in 1983, where it functions as the administrative center overseeing the four departments of Bénoué, Faro, Mayo-Louti, and Mayo-Rey.^[47] As the regional capital, the city plays a key role in coordinating regional planning, particularly in agriculture through initiatives like seed production and food security programs, and in security by hosting administrative offices that manage local stability efforts.^[48] The city was formally established as the Garoua Urban Community (Communauté Urbaine de Garoua) in 2008, aligning with Cameroon's decentralization framework outlined in Law No. 2019/024 of 24 December 2019 on the General Code of Decentralized Local Authorities.^[1] This structure is governed by an elected mayor and municipal council, which handle local affairs including urban development, public services, and resource management, while operating under the oversight of the regional governor.^[49] Administratively, Garoua is divided into three city arrondissements—Garoua I, Garoua II, and Garoua III—each managed by sub-prefects who implement municipal policies at the neighborhood level.^[50] The urban community's budget is primarily allocated from the national government through the Decentralization Equalization Fund, with a significant portion directed toward infrastructure projects such as road maintenance and urban modernization; for instance, in 2021, it received over 1.6 billion CFA francs for social housing construction.^[51] Recent updates to decentralization reforms in 2024 have enhanced local autonomy by increasing fiscal transfers to 292.5 billion CFA francs nationwide, allowing communities like Garoua greater control over spending priorities.^[52]

Recent Political Events

The 2025 Cameroonian presidential election, held on October 12, highlighted Garoua as a significant hotspot for opposition support, particularly for candidate Issa Tchiroma Bakary, whose hometown it is and where he garnered strong backing amid allegations of electoral irregularities.^[53] Tensions escalated during voting, with supporters clashing with security forces in the city, leading to injuries and contributing to broader post-election unrest.^[54] Nationwide, at least 20 individuals were arrested in connection with protests over the results, including in opposition strongholds like Garoua, where demonstrations demanded transparency in the vote count.^[55] Accusations of government militarization intensified in Garoua ahead of and following the election, with local opposition figure Mamadou Mota, interim president of the Cameroon Renaissance Movement, issuing an open letter on October 14 to Prime Minister Joseph Dion Ngute. In the letter, Mota warned that the heavy deployment of troops by the Ministry of Territorial Administration constituted a "political provocation" likely to escalate tensions and repeat the violence seen in the Northwest and Southwest regions (NOSO crisis), urging an immediate withdrawal to avert destabilization in northern Cameroon.^[56] Mota, who had endorsed Tchiroma Bakary days earlier, highlighted the repressive atmosphere stifling dissent in the city.^[57] The Constitutional Council's announcement on October 27 of President Paul Biya's re-election with 53.66% of the vote—against Tchiroma Bakary's 35.19%—sparked intensified national protests, with Garoua experiencing clashes that resulted in injuries and property disruptions as security forces dispersed crowds.^[54] These events formed part of a wider wave of unrest, where UN sources reported at least 48 civilian deaths from security force responses across Cameroon by early November.^[58] In Garoua, the protests underscored ongoing frustrations with Biya's prolonged rule, amplifying calls for electoral reform amid the city's role as an opposition bastion.^[59] On November 6, 2025, Paul Biya was sworn in for his eighth term as president in Yaoundé, promising to restore order amid the ongoing post-election violence.^[60] Protests continued into mid-November, with Human Rights Watch reporting over 800 arrests nationwide by November 11; the death toll remains disputed, with the government stating 16 fatalities while rights groups estimate dozens.^[61]^[62]

Economy

Key Industries and Agriculture

Garoua's economy is predominantly agricultural, with the sector engaging approximately 50 percent of the economically active population and serving as the primary source of livelihood for rural communities in the North Region.^[4] Cotton stands out as the leading cash crop, processed through the Société de Développement du Coton du Cameroun (SODECOTON), which operates a major ginning plant in the city capable of handling significant volumes of seed cotton from surrounding farmlands.^[63] The North Region, centered around Garoua, contributes substantially to national cotton output, with SODECOTON's overall production exceeding 300,000 tonnes of seed cotton annually and forecast at 350,100 tonnes for the 2024/2025 season, supporting the country's export-oriented textile chain.^[64]^[65] Other key agricultural activities include peanut cultivation, livestock rearing—particularly cattle and hides—and small-scale farming of cereals like maize and sorghum, which bolster food security and local trade.^[5] Industrial activities in Garoua complement agriculture through processing and trade, focusing on cotton ginning and related textile operations managed by SODECOTON, which transforms raw fiber into semi-finished products for domestic and export markets.^[66] The city also serves as a regional hub for handling cement and petroleum products, with local facilities supporting distribution rather than large-scale manufacturing, amid Cameroon's broader push to expand cement capacity nationwide.^[67] Petroleum processing remains limited, but Garoua's strategic location facilitates the inflow of refined products via river transport, contributing to energy supply for northern Cameroon. The Benue River port, a modest facility, handles around 7,450 tonnes of cargo annually, primarily break-bulk goods like agricultural bags and imports, underscoring its role in regional logistics without dominating national throughput.^[68] Recent climate variability has posed challenges to Garoua's agricultural productivity, with northern Cameroon experiencing erratic rainfall and rising temperatures that have contributed to a 15-30 percent decline in cereal yields over the past two decades, including impacts felt in the 2023-2024 growing seasons.^[69] In response, the Cameroonian government has provided subsidies for agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and seeds to mitigate yield losses and promote resilience through improved practices in northern regions.^[70] These interventions, alongside SODECOTON's extension services, aim to stabilize cotton and food crop production amid ongoing environmental pressures.^[70]

Trade and Economic Challenges

Garoua functions as a major trade hub for northern Cameroon, leveraging its position as the country's third-largest port on the Benue River to facilitate the export of cotton and other agricultural commodities, alongside imports from neighboring Nigeria and beyond. The port, operational seasonally, supports regional trade flows by handling goods such as cotton fiber, which remains a primary export from the North Region, contributing significantly to the local economy despite national cotton export volumes stabilizing at around 42,000 tonnes in early 2025 amid fluctuating prices.^[71] Recent years have seen modest growth in trade activity, aligned with national trends where cotton revenues held steady due to improved yields and commodity price recoveries, though specific regional data indicates incremental expansion driven by higher global demand.^[72] Despite these developments, Garoua faces persistent economic challenges, including high unemployment rates, particularly affecting youth in the northern regions amid limited job creation.^[73] Inflation, which eased to 4.5% nationally in 2024 following monetary tightening, continues to strain households, compounded by Cameroon's overall GDP growth of around 4% that has not evenly benefited peripheral areas like Garoua.^[74] The Boko Haram insurgency, active since 2014, has further exacerbated these issues by disrupting cross-border trade routes, fostering contraband activities, and eroding investor confidence through heightened security risks and logistical barriers in the Far North and North regions.^[75] Efforts to address these challenges include initiatives aimed at economic diversification, such as the African Development Bank's support for agro-industry programs in northern Cameroon, including funding for infrastructure like hill dams in the North Region to enhance agricultural productivity and processing capabilities.^[76] Additionally, private sector investments, like the establishment of a cereal-processing plant in Garoua, seek to bolster non-oil sectors by improving value addition to local agricultural outputs.^[77] These measures aim to mitigate reliance on volatile commodity exports and counteract conflict-related setbacks, though sustained progress depends on regional stability.^[78]

Infrastructure and Transport

Transportation Networks

Garoua's transportation infrastructure centers on road and river networks, playing a crucial role in linking the city to southern Cameroon, the north, and neighboring countries. The primary roadway is Route Nationale 1 (RN1), a major north-south artery that connects Garoua to Yaoundé approximately 1,100 km to the south via Ngaoundéré and extends northward to Maroua about 284 km away.^[79]^[80] This highway facilitates the movement of passengers and goods across the North Region and beyond, serving as a vital corridor for regional trade and mobility. A significant upgrade to this network is underway with the rehabilitation of the 246 km Ngaoundéré-Garoua road segment, approved in 2024 with a €330.48 million loan from the African Development Bank Group.^[6] This project aims to modernize and widen the deteriorated section, improving safety, reducing travel times, and enhancing connectivity along the Douala-Ndjamena economic corridor to bolster regional integration and trade flows. Works commenced in the second quarter of 2025 and are ongoing as of November 2025, addressing longstanding challenges like poor road conditions that hinder efficient transport.^[81]^[82] Complementing the roads, the Benue River port provides essential inland waterway access, operating seasonally from May to August to transport goods such as cotton, peanuts, and other agricultural products to Nigeria. As one of Cameroon's key river facilities, it supports cross-border commerce with neighboring countries, though its limited operational window constrains year-round use. Rail access remains minimal, with no direct lines serving Garoua; the national network ends at Ngaoundéré, approximately 250 km southwest, though broader renewal efforts on the Belabo-Ngaoundéré line are progressing toward completion by 2027.^[83]^[84]^[85] Urban mobility within Garoua relies on bus services, which connect local areas and integrate with intercity travel along RN1. The city also features Garoua International Airport for domestic and limited international flights, supplementing ground and water options.

Major Facilities and Projects

Garoua International Airport (IATA: GOU, ICAO: FKKR) serves as a primary aviation hub for the North Region of Cameroon, facilitating domestic flights primarily operated by Camair-Co and occasional humanitarian operations. Actual usage remains limited due to regional constraints.^[86]^[87] Since the mid-2010s, the airport has hosted a U.S. military contingency location for counter-terrorism efforts, particularly surveillance operations against Boko Haram using unarmed drones such as the MQ-9 Reaper. Established in 2015, this base supports intelligence gathering for regional partners without direct combat involvement, with approximately 200 U.S. personnel stationed there as of recent reports. The facility enhances monitoring along the Cameroon-Nigeria border, contributing to multinational efforts under Operation Juniper Shield.^[19]^[88] Recent infrastructure upgrades at the airport are part of a broader national modernization initiative by Airports du Cameroun (ADC) S.A., valued at $134 million over five years, aimed at improving terminals, runways, and control centers across key facilities including Garoua. In 2025, works focused on runway rehabilitation and emergency operations centers were completed in October 2025, supporting increased regional connectivity and events like the Hajj pilgrimage. A 30 MW solar power plant adjacent to the airport, completed in 2021, further bolsters energy reliability for aviation activities.^[89]^[90]^[91]^[92] Garoua's river port on the Benue River handles inland water transport for goods, complementing road and air networks, though specific recent expansions remain undocumented in public records. Urban transport developments include the introduction of electric buses in 2025 to alleviate congestion, integrated with existing road connections to facilities like the Roumdé Adjia Stadium.^[93]

Sports and Notable Figures

Sports Facilities and Events

Garoua's primary sports venue is the Roumdé Adjia Stadium, a multi-purpose facility with a capacity of 30,000 spectators, constructed in 1978 and serving as the home ground for the prominent local club Coton Sport FC. The stadium underwent significant renovations in 2020 to meet international standards, including upgrades to seating and pitch quality, in preparation for hosting matches during the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations (delayed to 2022), where it accommodated group stage games for teams like Algeria and Sierra Leone. These improvements not only elevated the venue's infrastructure but also boosted its role in regional football, drawing large crowds and contributing to Coton Sport's success in national and continental competitions.^[94]^[95] Beyond football, Garoua's sports culture reflects its diverse ethnic heritage, particularly the influence of the Fulani community, who practice traditional wrestling known as kokawa or besua, a form of grappling that emphasizes strength and technique during community gatherings and festivals. Athletics also holds prominence, with local tracks and fields supporting training and competitions that build on the city's history of hosting major events, such as the 2003 African Junior Athletics Championships, which featured 272 athletes from 37 countries. Annual regional tournaments, including the university games organized by the National Federation of Sports and Physical Education in Schools and Universities (FENASSCO), further embed sports in community life; the 24th edition in 2024 involved 22 institutions competing in disciplines like football, volleyball, and athletics across Garoua's campuses, attracting thousands of participants and spectators to foster youth engagement.^[96]^[97]^[98] The Roumdé Adjia Stadium was homologated by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for competitions in the 2024-25 season. These developments align with broader initiatives to support youth sports programs in Garoua, where over 60% of the population is under 25 years old, providing structured opportunities in football academies and athletics clubs to channel the energy of the city's young demographic amid high unemployment rates. Such programs not only promote physical fitness but also contribute to social cohesion in the region.^[99]

Notable People

Issa Tchiroma Bakary (born September 10, 1946) is a prominent Cameroonian politician born and raised in Garoua, northern Cameroon.^[100] A former railway engineer trained at Supmeca Paris, he began his career with Camrao's national railway company before entering politics, serving in various ministerial roles including Minister of Employment and Vocational Training from 2019 to 2025 and Minister of Communication.^[101] In 2025, Tchiroma ran as a presidential candidate against incumbent Paul Biya through his party, the National Alliance for Democracy and Progress, finishing second in the October election, which Biya won with 53% of the vote amid opposition claims of irregularities.^[100] His campaign highlighted issues of governance and regional development in the north, drawing on his experience as a veteran statesman from Garoua's Hausa community.^[102]

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Garoua Climate & Temperature
➀ Garoua at 244 m/ 801 ft has a tropical wet and dry climate with dry winters (Aw). ➁ Average temperature in Garoua is 28.3°C/ 83°F✓ Rainfall 997.4mm ...Missing: harmattan winds
[28]
Monthly climate in Garoua, Cameroon
The average annual precipitation amounts to about 616 mm (24.3 inches) and receives 87 rainy days on the 1 mm (0.04 inches) threshold annually. Garoua enjoys an ...
[29]
Garoua Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature ...
For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Garoua are 9.301 deg latitude, 13.398 deg longitude, and 653 ft elevation.
[30]
Cameroon climate: average weather, temperature, rain, when to go
In Cameroon, the climate is tropical, semi-arid in the north, and humid and rainy in the rest of the country. Almost everywhere, there is a dry season in ...Missing: Köppen classification
[31]
Yearly & Monthly weather - Cameroon - Weather Atlas
Winter weather in Cameroon In the north, the Harmattan wind reduces temperatures to a range of 20 to 25°C (77°F). Despite the dusty conditions brought by the ...
[32]
The Irony of Flood Risks in African Dryland Environments
After heavy and prolonged rainfall in Garoua (starting on August 15, 2012), River Benue and its tributaries overflowed, and inundated residential, agricultural, ...
[33]
Garoua - Wikipedia
History. Garoua was established by the Fulani emir Modibbo Adama in the first half of the 19th century. During the steamship era, it developed into a major ...Missing: 1870 Ardo
[34]
Garoua, Cameroon Population (2025)
Garoua Urban Area Population Graph ; 1966, 21,000 ; 1967, 23,000 ; 1968, 24,000 ; 1969, 26,000.
[35]
Cameroon - Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religions | Britannica
There are three main linguistic groups: the Bantu-speaking peoples of the south, the Sudanic-speaking peoples of the north, and those who speak the Semi-Bantu ...
[36]
[PDF] State Versus Ethnic Identification in Tibati, Cameroon - ISU ReD
May 27, 2010 · Two ethnic groups - the Fulbe and Mbororo people - will be detailed specifically as they represent the majority throughout the Grand North and ...
[37]
Cameroon Demographics 2025 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends)
There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100. Youth Dependency Ratio. Definition: ...
[38]
Youth Bulge as a Peacebuilding Opportunity for Africa - Sage Journals
May 16, 2023 · Demographers have revealed that the youth population in Sub-Saharan Africa is growing to become what is termed the youth bulge. This demographic ...Missing: Garoua | Show results with:Garoua
[39]
Garoua, Cameroon – Islamic History, Architecture, and Culture
Garoua became the capital of the Lamido of Garoua, a Fulani Muslim dynasty that ruled the region from the 18th century until the colonial period. Today, the ...
[40]
Discover the Breathtaking Central Mosque of Garoua in ... - Instagram
Jul 24, 2025 · ⁠ ⁠ ✨ It is the largest mosque in Central Africa, a true architectural gem nestled in the heart of Poumpoumré – Garoua.⁠ ⁠ This iconic place of ...
[41]
Archdiocese of Garoua - Catholic-Hierarchy
General Information · Type of Jurisdiction: Archdiocese · Elevated: 18 March 1982 · Metropolitan See · Depends on: Dicastery for Evangelization · Rite: Latin (or ...
[42]
Step Into Tradition: The Annual Fulani Festival In Garoua'S North ...
This week-long cultural spectacle blends spirited ceremonies, colorful livestock parades, and authentic Fulani cuisine, offering an immersive adventure into ...
[43]
https://www.facebook.com/CRTVweb/videos/tamtamweekendnationalday2023la-danse-bouloum-effectu%25C3%25A9e-par-les-femmes-moundangce/256767776843290/
[44]
#TamTamWeekend #nationalday2023 La danse BOULOUM ...
May 14, 2023 · TamTamWeekend #nationalday2023 La danse BOULOUM effectuée par les femmes MOUNDANG ... Traditional music welcomed the Minister of Territorial Ad...
[45]
Discover Garoua Attractions
With a population of about 600,000 inhabitants (2015), Garoua was created in 1935 by Modibbo Haman Njoundi and become an urban community in 2008. The city is ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[46]
2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Cameroon
The CIA World Factbook estimates that as of 2018, 38.3 percent of the population is Roman Catholic, 25.5 percent Protestant, 6.9 percent other Christian ...
[47]
Chadian embassy and consulates in Cameroon
Chadian Consulate. » Details and comment forum for the Consulate of Chad in Garoua. Address, BP 367. Garoua. Phone ...Missing: interfaith | Show results with:interfaith
[48]
Cameroon Departments - Statoids
Jan 24, 2009 · Cameroon is divided into ten regions, which are subdivided into 58 départements (departments). (The departments in Nord-Ouest and Sud-Ouest regions, which used ...
[49]
French-Funded Project to Revamp Garoua Seed Lab, Strengthen ...
Oct 29, 2025 · The project aims to reduce poverty by increasing agricultural incomes and improving food security ...
[50]
[PDF] Decentralisation in Cameroon - Commonwealth iLibrary
The legal framework for decentralisation can be found in Law 2004/17, which states that decentralisation shall consist of devolution by the state of special ...
[51]
Cameroon: Administrative Division - City Population
Garoua I, City Arrondissement ... 120,232, →. Garoua II, City Arrondissement ... 117,841, →. Garoua III, City Arrondissement ... 27,229, →. Lagdo ...
[52]
6 communes benefit from 2.315 billion for the construction of social ...
Dec 13, 2021 · The communes of Bikok, Nkoteng, Nitoukou, Nkongsamba II and Idenau and the Urban Community of Garoua have benefited from 1.641 billion CFA ...
[53]
Cameroon decentralization 2018–2025: progress made but ...
Oct 1, 2025 · Civil registry, urban planning, management of market infrastructure, and sanitation are among the areas legally transferred, but by 2024 ...
[54]
Cameroon police fire at crowds amid protests over alleged ...
Oct 22, 2025 · Post-election protests erupt in capital Yaounde and Garoua city, opposition candidate Issa Tchiroma Bakary's hometown - Anadolu Ajansı.
[55]
Opposition leaders in Cameroon contest re-election win by Paul ...
Oct 29, 2025 · Cameroon Election Protests. Supporters of opposition presidential candidate Issa Tchiroma Bakary protesting in Garoua, Cameroon, on Sunday.<|control11|><|separator|>
[56]
Cameroon arrests 20 in protests over presidential election results
Oct 21, 2025 · At least 20 people have been arrested in Cameroon in connection with protests over the Oct. 12 presidential election, authorities said on ...
[57]
Garoua Under Siege: Mota's Letter to the PM - Cameroon Concord
Oct 14, 2025 · Mamadou Mota accuses Cameroon's government of militarizing Garoua, warning the Prime Minister against repeating the NOSO tragedy.
[58]
CRM's Mamadou Mota Denounces “Militarization” of Garoua, Warns ...
Oct 14, 2025 · Mamadou Mota, interim president of the Cameroon Renaissance Movement, has denounced what he calls the “militarization” of the city of ...
[59]
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2025/10/suppression-post-election-protests-cameroon-will-not-solve-countrys-looming-succession
[60]
Suppression of post-election protests in Cameroon will not solve the ...
Oct 31, 2025 · The controversial re-election of 92-year-old President Paul Biya for an eighth term has sparked protests in Cameroon.
[61]
Food and Agriculture - WWF Cameroon
Agriculture is the mainstay of Cameroon's economy, engaging an estimated 70 percent of the economically active population and accounting for an estimated 80 ...
[62]
Cameroon - Agricultural Equipment
Feb 23, 2024 · Cameroon's second and sixth largest exports are cocoa beans ($647 million) and bananas ($266 million), respectively. The country also produces coffee, cotton, ...
[63]
SODECOTON signs five-year agreement to boost cotton production
Sep 25, 2025 · SODECOTON said cotton which is a key cash crop in the country, suffers particularly from water stress, poor germination due to irregular ...
[64]
Welcome to SODECOTON | SODECOTON
The company has 09 ginning plants with a cumulative processing capacity of 320,000 tonnes of cottonseed per year, for 12,000 tonnes of fiber and 02 oil mills ...
[65]
Cameroon to increase cement capacity to 12.7 Mt/yr by end of 2025 ...
Mar 19, 2025 · Cameroon will increase its cement production capacity by 4.3Mt to 12.7Mt/yr by the end of 2025 with the addition of three new plants in Édéa.
[66]
Garoua CMGOU Details: Departures, Expected Arrivals ... - shipnext
Port is mostly for break bulk cargo, especially bags. Traffic figures: Approx 7,450t of cargo and 10 ships are handled annually. Load line zone: Tropical.
[67]
[PDF] Differentiated Adaptation Dynamics to Climate Change in the ...
Sep 1, 2025 · studies indicate that average cereal yields in northern Cameroon have declined by 15 to 30% over the past two decades, mainly due to ...
[68]
Cameroon-Far North : Farmers Benefit From 150 Million F Subsidy
Mar 9, 2023 · Producers in the Far North region received this week from the government a subsidy to promote agricultural ...
[69]
[PDF] Procedures manual on agricultural inputs and equipment subsidies ...
Dec 20, 2021 · This manual primarily includes procedures on agricultural inputs and equipment subsidies of: ➢ Category 1/ fertilisers, seeds/seedlings,.
[70]
Cameroon Cotton Exports Stable in Q1 2025 Amid Rising Volumes
Oct 8, 2025 · Cameroon exported 42000 tonnes of raw cotton in Q1 2025, generating CFA47 billion ($83.5 million), showing stable revenues despite a 2.4%Missing: Garoua colonial
[71]
Cameroon's Economic Update: Harnessing Forests and Natural ...
Jul 15, 2025 · Cameroon's GDP grew by 3.5% in 2024, up from 3.2% in 2023, driven by rising cocoa prices, enhanced cotton yields, and improved power supply.Missing: Garoua trade hub unemployment Boko Haram
[72]
Cameroon: Country File, Economic Risk Analysis | Coface
In 2025 and 2026, inflation is expected to gradually converge towards the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) target rate of 3%. The ...Missing: Garoua | Show results with:Garoua
[73]
Cameroon's Inflation Rate Slows to 4.5% in 2024
Jan 27, 2025 · Cameroon's annual inflation rate dropped to 4.5% in 2024, following two years of sharp price increases, according to a January 21 report by the National ...
[74]
Amid Boko Haram Crisis, Contraband Trade Thrives along ...
Oct 8, 2025 · Amid Boko Haram Crisis, Contraband Trade Thrives along Cameroon ... economic slowdowns due to logistical challenges and armed threats.Missing: Garoua hub unemployment inflation impact
[75]
https://humanglemedia.com/amid-boko-haram-crisis-contraband-trade-thrives-along-cameroon-nigeria-borders/
[76]
Garoua Wheat Processing Plant Among 500 billion francs worth of ...
Oct 1, 2025 · Since July, the agency has already announced six new investments. Among them is a planned cereal processing plant in Garoua, reported by Le ...
[77]
Cameroon, AfDB sign €136 million loan deal to develop skills and ...
Sep 29, 2025 · Cameroon, AfDB sign €136 million loan deal to develop skills and entrepreneurship in Far North.Missing: 2024 | Show results with:2024
[78]
Distance Yaounde → Garoua - Air line, driving route, midpoint
The shortest distance (air line) between Yaounde and Garoua is 396.59 mi (638.25 km). Driving route: 685.23 mi (1,102.78 km) (13h 24min).Missing: National Maroua
[79]
Garoua to Maroua - 2 ways to travel via car, and taxi
How far is it from Garoua to Maroua? The distance between Garoua and Maroua is 208 km. The road distance is 208.2 km. ... How do I travel from Garoua to Maroua ...Missing: National 1
[80]
Cameroon is developing its road network | Global Highways
Aug 4, 2025 · Cameroon is fast developing its expanding road network ... Work for the road linking Ngaoundéré and Garoua will commence before the close of 2025.Missing: bus 2026
[81]
2.1.3 Cameroon Other Ports | Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments
Which contains on average 5000 MT of storage capacity, has a load handling device. This port imports and exports all varieties of goods and products to ...
[82]
10 Major Ports and Terminals in Cameroon - Marine Insight
Aug 17, 2022 · Garoua river port Image for representation purpose only. Garoua port does not have any container handling equipment as mostly bagged cargo is ...
[83]
Cameroon to start Belabo–Ngaoundéré railway renewal in 2027
Aug 18, 2025 · The actual works are set to begin in the first half of 2027,” the statement quoted Jacques Fansi, director of the PQ2 Project at Camrail, as ...Missing: Garoua | Show results with:Garoua
[84]
Garoua International Airport (GOU) - Mapy.com
Although its capacity is 1.5 million passengers per year, its current usage is limited. ... IATA airport code: GOU. ICAO airport code: FKKR. runway: 09/27. place ...
[85]
2.2.3 Cameroon Garoua International Airport
Although Garoua is an International Airport, the main traffic here is domestic flights by the national company, CAMAIR-CO. There are also humanitarian flights ...Missing: statistics | Show results with:statistics
[86]
Contingency Location Garoua - Wikipedia
Approximately 200 personnel work at the site. ... The site is located adjacent to Cameroonian Air Force Base 301.
[87]
The American Drone Base in Cameroon
Feb 21, 2016 · The new drone base in Garoua represents an escalation of the American effort to combat Boko Haram. It also reflects the dual special forces ...
[88]
Airports of Cameroon Launches $134 M Investment Plan to ...
Airports du Cameroun (ADC) S.A., the state-owned operator of Cameroon's airport network, has unveiled an ambitious investment program worth 75 billion CFA ...
[89]
Inspection of Garoua International Airport: Ministers Atanga Nji and ...
May 8, 2025 · Inspection of Garoua International Airport: Ministers Atanga Nji and Jean Ernest assure that works would be completed in 14 Days in Prelude to ...
[90]
24th and 25th meetings of the Steering and Monitoring Committee of ...
Dec 22, 2024 · In 2025, the focus will be on finalizing several key projects, including: - ... - Construction of a new airport control centre at both ...
[91]
EB Solaire/Enerray - 30MW Solar Power Plant | Garoua, Cameroon
Aug 1, 2021 · The project involves the construction of a 30 MW solar power plant located close to Garoua International Airport in Garoua or Garua, a port city ...
[92]
Cameroon's first electric buses meant for Garoua, are ready to be ...
Jul 1, 2025 · This project aims to improve urban infrastructure, ease movement within the city of Garoua and reduce traffic congestion.Missing: terminal Roumdé Adjia construction
[93]
Why is AFCON 2022 being held in January? - AS USA
Jan 19, 2022 · Roumdé Adjia Stadium, Garoua. Capacity: 23,000. Built in 1978, Roumdé Adjia Stadium was remodelled in 2010 and again in 2020 ... Coton Sport FC.
[94]
Africa Cup of Nations: How Garoua's stadium has changed over the ...
Oct 26, 2021 · Image caption, The stadium seats in Garoua have been replaced ahead of the Nations Cup, which begins on 9 January 2022.Missing: renovation 2020 FC
[95]
Fulani people - AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulbe people are one of the largest ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region.Missing: Moundang Chadian
[96]
African Junior Championships – delayed report - World Athletics
... 10000m were the highlights at the 6th African Junior Athletics Championships which were held in the Cameroon Northern City of Garoua from 31 July - 3 August
[97]
24th edition of University games kicks off in Garoua
May 25, 2024 · The University of Garoua will host the 2024 University games from May 25 to June 1 on the Djoumassi campus.
[98]
Cameroon - The World Factbook - CIA
Dec 6, 2023 · 35.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) comparison ranking: 13 · Death rate. 7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.) comparison ranking: 103 ...
[99]
Issa Tchiroma Bakary – from Cameroon government mouthpiece to ...
Oct 14, 2025 · Born in Garoua, in northern Cameroon, Tchiroma trained as a railway engineer in France before returning home to work for the national ...
[100]
From government spin doctor to Cameroon president's main rival
Oct 24, 2025 · Born in Garoua, Tchiroma Bakary trained as an engineer in France before returning to Cameroon to work for the national railway company. In ...
[101]
Issa Tchiroma Bakary | Profile - Africa Confidential
Communications Minister Issa Tchiroma Bakary once a northern oppositionist denounced foreign attempts to undermine the state.