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HRT

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a medical intervention involving the exogenous administration of hormones to supplement or replace those produced insufficiently by the body, most commonly estrogen and progestogens for postmenopausal women to alleviate symptoms such as vasomotor instability and vaginal atrophy, or cross-sex hormones like estrogen for biological males or testosterone for biological females seeking to modify secondary sex characteristics associated with gender dysphoria.^[1]^[2] In menopausal applications, HRT demonstrably reduces hot flashes and bone density loss when initiated near menopause onset, though risks including venous thromboembolism and breast cancer elevate with prolonged use beyond five years.^[3]^[4] In transgender contexts, cross-sex HRT suppresses endogenous sex hormones while introducing those typical of the opposite biological sex, inducing changes such as breast development or voice deepening, but systematic reviews indicate low-quality evidence for sustained psychological benefits and highlight elevated risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, particularly in those receiving estrogen.^[5]^[6]^[7] Long-term data remain sparse, with cohort studies showing increased overall mortality among recipients regardless of hormone type, and potential for irreversible infertility, polycythemia, or adverse lipid profiles.^[8]^[9] Controversies intensified following the 2024 Cass Review, a UK-commissioned systematic evaluation that identified "remarkably weak" evidence supporting cross-sex hormones for gender-dysphoric youth, prompting restrictions on their routine use under age 18 due to uncertain net benefits against documented harms like impaired bone health and desistance of dysphoria in many cases without intervention.^[10]^[11]^[12] This scrutiny underscores broader concerns over methodological flaws in prior studies, including small sample sizes and loss to follow-up, amid critiques of institutional biases favoring affirmative approaches despite causal uncertainties in linking hormones to dysphoria resolution.^[13]^[14]

Medicine and health

Menopausal hormone replacement therapy

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), also referred to as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), consists of exogenous estrogen administration, often combined with progestogen, to mitigate symptoms arising from the natural decline in ovarian estrogen and progesterone production during menopause. Primary indications include relief of vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats, which affect up to 80% of postmenopausal women and can disrupt sleep and quality of life; treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, encompassing vaginal dryness, atrophy, and dyspareunia; and prevention of bone mineral density loss leading to osteoporosis.^[15]^[16]^[4] Empirical data from randomized controlled trials demonstrate MHT's superiority over non-hormonal alternatives for these short-term applications, particularly in women under 60 years old or within 10 years of menopause onset, where benefits for symptom control and skeletal integrity predominate.^[17]^[18] Formulations vary by patient anatomy and preferences: estrogen-only regimens (e.g., transdermal estradiol or oral conjugated estrogens) suit hysterectomized women, avoiding progestogen's endometrial risks, while combined estrogen-progestogen therapy (e.g., sequential or continuous dosing) is required for those with an intact uterus to counteract hyperplasia.^[19]^[3] Bioidentical hormones, chemically identical to endogenous estradiol and micronized progesterone, are available in FDA-approved forms like patches or gels, contrasting with synthetic alternatives such as conjugated equine estrogens derived from pregnant mare urine; however, peer-reviewed analyses find no consistent evidence of superior efficacy or safety for bioidenticals over approved synthetics, with compounded versions posing risks due to inconsistent dosing and lack of prospective safety data.^[20]^[21] Delivery routes include oral, transdermal, vaginal, or injectable, with transdermal preferred for minimizing venous thromboembolism risk via bypassing first-pass liver metabolism.^[22] Controlled trials affirm MHT's efficacy, reducing vasomotor symptom frequency and severity by 75-90%—far exceeding placebo or antidepressants—per the 2022 North American Menopause Society position statement, reaffirmed in subsequent reviews through 2025.^[23]^[17] For bone health, MHT inhibits osteoclast activity and preserves density, lowering vertebral fracture risk by approximately 40%, hip fractures by 30%, and overall osteoporotic fractures by 20-30% during active treatment; these gains, however, attenuate post-discontinuation, with fracture incidence rising progressively within 1-10 years as bone turnover normalizes without ongoing suppression.^[24]^[25]^[26] As of October 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is evaluating revisions to MHT's black box warning, originally imposed post-2002 Women's Health Initiative findings, following advisory panel recommendations to align labeling with contemporary evidence favoring short-term use in symptomatic women under 60, where empirical benefits eclipse generalized risks.^[27]^[28] Emerging data highlight synergies with GLP-1 receptor agonists: in overweight postmenopausal women, concurrent MHT and tirzepatide yields 17-20% body weight loss over 18 months, versus 14% with tirzepatide monotherapy, potentially via estrogen's modulation of adipose distribution and metabolic rate.^[29]^[30]^[31]

Gender-affirming hormone therapy

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) involves the administration of exogenous hormones to transgender individuals to induce secondary sex characteristics aligning with their identified gender, typically testosterone for those transitioning from female to male and estrogen combined with anti-androgens for those transitioning from male to female.^[32]^[33] For female-to-male transitions, intramuscular or transdermal testosterone at doses of 50-200 mg weekly promotes masculinization, including increased muscle mass, facial and body hair growth, clitoral enlargement, and irreversible voice deepening, with effects often noticeable within 3-6 months and maximal by 2-5 years.^[34]^[35] For male-to-female transitions, oral, transdermal, or injectable estradiol (2-6 mg daily) paired with anti-androgens such as spironolactone (100-200 mg daily) or cyproterone acetate suppresses testosterone, yielding breast development to Tanner stage 2-3, subcutaneous fat redistribution to hips and thighs, reduced muscle mass, and decreased erectile function, with changes peaking over 2-3 years.^[32]^[33] These interventions aim to alleviate gender dysphoria by fostering physical congruence with self-identified gender, though they do not address underlying psychological factors and carry no established causal link to resolving comorbid mental health issues.^[36] In youth, desistance from gender dysphoria occurs in 61-98% of cases without hormonal intervention, with longitudinal studies of clinic-referred children showing high rates of eventual identification with natal sex, particularly among boys where persistence is low absent early medicalization.^[37]^[38] Short-term observational studies report self-perceived satisfaction and modest reductions in depression or suicidality post-GAHT, but these lack randomized controls, exhibit high confounding from concurrent psychotherapy or social affirmation, and fail to demonstrate causation over selection bias.^[39]^[14] Long-term evidence remains sparse, with systematic reviews highlighting low-quality studies and insufficient follow-up to assess sustained mental health benefits or regret, as most research spans under 2 years and overlooks desistance pathways altered by early intervention.^[40] The 2024 Cass Review, commissioned by England's NHS, concluded that evidence for GAHT in minors is of poor quality, marked by methodological weaknesses and unknowns regarding impacts on brain maturation or psychosocial development, leading to recommendations against routine use before age 18 and emphasizing holistic psychological care over medicalization.^[41]^[12] European health authorities, including Sweden and Finland, have similarly restricted youth GAHT based on these evidentiary gaps, prioritizing watchful waiting amid high natural resolution rates.^[12] Biologically, GAHT induces permanent alterations discordant with natal sex dimorphism, including infertility from suppressed gametogenesis—often irreversible after 6-12 months of therapy—and halted endogenous puberty in adolescents, which impairs peak bone mass accrual and height potential.^[35]^[42] In trans men, testosterone elevates bone mineral density at the hip but may not fully mitigate risks from prior estrogen deficiency if started post-puberty; in trans women, estrogen supports some breast tissue but elevates thromboembolic risks without matching cis female developmental trajectories.^[43]^[32] These changes underscore GAHT's elective nature in the absence of pathological deficiencies, contrasting with hormone replacement for conditions like menopause, and highlight trade-offs where physical modifications do not equate to psychological resolution.^[44]^[12]

Risks, side effects, and empirical outcomes

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), whether for menopausal symptom relief or gender dysphoria treatment, carries elevated risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with oral estrogen formulations associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased incidence compared to non-users in menopausal women, as evidenced by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. In transgender women receiving estrogen, the risk is further amplified, reaching up to 5- to 17-fold higher than in cisgender women, attributable to factors including higher doses, underlying metabolic differences, and concomitant anti-androgen use, per registry data from large cohorts.30215-2/fulltext) Transgender men on testosterone exhibit comparable or slightly lower VTE risks than cisgender men, though polycythemia—a common side effect elevating hematocrit levels in 5-10% of users—contributes to thrombotic potential. Cardiovascular outcomes reveal mixed but concerning patterns; the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial documented a 29% increase in coronary heart disease and 41% in stroke among postmenopausal women on combined estrogen-progestin therapy, with absolute risks of 7 and 8 additional events per 10,000 person-years, respectively, though estrogen-only arms showed neutral or slightly protective effects in younger subgroups. Long-term observational data for transgender individuals indicate 2- to 3-fold higher myocardial infarction rates in trans women post-HRT initiation, linked to adverse lipid profiles and hypertension, contrasting with potential benefits in trans men akin to cisgender male norms. Oncological risks are pronounced with combined menopausal HRT, where the WHI reported a 26% relative increase in invasive breast cancer (8 additional cases per 10,000 women annually), persisting up to 13 years post-cessation in follow-up analyses. Estrogen-only therapy elevates endometrial cancer risk if unopposed by progestin. In transgender contexts, breast cancer incidence in trans women on estrogen approximates cisgender female rates after 10-20 years, while trans men face heightened endometrial hyperplasia and potential ovarian/breast risks from prolonged testosterone exposure without hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Discontinuation of menopausal HRT accelerates bone loss, rebounding fracture rates to or above pre-treatment levels within 2-5 years, negating prior density gains in some cohorts. Androgen-based HRT in transgender men frequently induces polycythemia requiring phlebotomy in up to 10% of cases and hepatotoxicity with oral formulations, including elevated liver enzymes and rare peliosis hepatis or adenomas, though injectable routes mitigate this to under 1%. Mental health outcomes lack robust causal evidence of benefit; a 2011 Swedish cohort study of post-surgical transgender individuals found suicide rates 19 times higher than the general population, with no significant reduction attributable to HRT or surgery after 30-year follow-up. Regret and detransition rates, often cited as <1% in short-term clinic data, reach 1-10% in broader registries and self-reports, exceeding those for reversible interventions and correlating with inadequate pre-treatment psychological screening. Youth-specific applications amplify irreversibility, with puberty-suppressing GnRH agonists followed by cross-sex hormones causing near-universal infertility and potential interference with neurocognitive maturation, as inferred from limited longitudinal data and animal models extrapolated to humans. The 2024 Cass Review in the UK, synthesizing over 100 studies, deemed evidence for pediatric gender-related HRT "remarkably weak," prompting NHS restrictions on routine use outside research protocols due to uncertain risk-benefit ratios. By 2025, 24 U.S. states had enacted bans or severe limits on youth HRT citing insufficient high-quality data, paralleled by Sweden and Finland's 2022-2024 policy shifts prioritizing psychotherapy over medicalization amid rising referrals and desistance rates exceeding 80% in pre-pubertal cohorts.

Historical developments and key studies

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms gained prominence in the 1960s, following observational studies linking estrogen supplementation to reduced risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, leading to widespread adoption among postmenopausal women.^[45] By the 1970s, estrogen-only regimens dominated, but reports of increased endometrial cancer risk prompted the addition of progestins to mitigate hyperplasia, shifting practices toward combined therapy.^[46] This era reflected initial enthusiasm driven by short-term symptom relief and presumed long-term benefits, though largely based on non-randomized data prone to healthy-user biases. The paradigm shifted dramatically with the 2002 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial, a randomized controlled study of over 16,000 postmenopausal women, which halted its combined estrogen-progestin arm early after finding increased risks of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism, with overall health risks exceeding benefits after 5.2 years of follow-up.^[47] Estrogen-only results in 2004 showed no cardiac harm but elevated stroke risk, prompting a 50-80% global drop in HRT prescriptions as clinicians reevaluated benefits against empirical harms.^[48] This led to the U.S. FDA's 2003 black box warnings on all estrogen products for cardiovascular, cancer, and thromboembolic risks, labels now under 2025 review amid calls to tailor them to initiation timing and dosage.^[49]^[50] Post-WHI analyses fostered the "timing hypothesis," positing cardiovascular and cognitive benefits if HRT begins within 5-10 years of menopause onset, before advanced atherosclerosis, supported by subgroup data from WHI and trials like the ELITE study showing plaque regression in early users.^[51] This spurred a cautious 2010s resurgence in lower-dose, shorter-duration regimens for vasomotor symptoms, with 2025 meta-analyses indicating 20-32% reduced Alzheimer's risk when initiated early, contrasting late-start elevations.^[52] For gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), roots trace to 1920s European experiments but formalized in U.S. clinics from the 1960s; adolescent protocols emerged late 20th century via Dutch models emphasizing psychological screening, expanding post-2010 amid reduced gatekeeping.^[53] The 2024 Cass Review, an independent UK analysis of pediatric gender services, critiqued GAHT evidence as low-quality and confounded by methodological flaws in most studies, recommending against routine puberty blockers and hormones for minors due to uncertain long-term outcomes and desistance rates in youth.^[12] This echoed European shifts, including Sweden's 2022 guidelines restricting youth interventions to research settings over poor risk-benefit data, highlighting systemic overreliance on advocacy-influenced, non-rigorous trials amid rising referrals.^[54] These developments underscore empirical reevaluations prioritizing randomized data over initial observational optimism, informing policies like NHS England's 2024 puberty blocker ban outside trials.^[55]

Motor sports

Hispania Racing Team (Formula One)

The Hispania Racing Team (HRT), initially conceived as Campos Meta 1, was established in late 2009 by former Formula One driver Adrián Campos with the aim of entering the 2010 World Championship as Spain's first independent F1 constructor.^[56] Facing acute funding shortages that prevented completion of its chassis and pre-season testing, Campos sold the project in February 2010 to businessman José Ramón Carabante's Grupo Hispania, prompting a rebranding to HRT and a last-minute entry approval by the FIA.^[57] The team debuted at the Bahrain Grand Prix using a modified Dallara chassis badged as the F110, powered by Cosworth V8 engines, but arrived with minimal preparation, underscoring the formidable financial and logistical barriers for newcomers in the cost-intensive F1 environment.^[56] HRT's on-track performance was uncompetitive across its three seasons, scoring zero points and finishing no higher than 12th in the Constructors' Championship. In 2010, drivers Karun Chandhok and Bruno Senna (along with pay-drivers Sakon Yamamoto and Christian Klien) managed the team's best result of 14th place at the Australian Grand Prix, but reliability issues and slow development left them mired at the rear.^[58] The 2011 season with the F111 chassis saw Vitantonio Liuzzi and Narain Karthikeyan struggle similarly, hampered by ongoing budget constraints that limited aerodynamic upgrades.^[56] By 2012, using the F112, Pedro de la Rosa and returning Karthikeyan achieved a seasonal best of 12th (de la Rosa at the European Grand Prix), yet the team skipped pre-season testing and faced entry threats at several rounds due to unpaid superlicense fees and supplier debts. Persistent insolvency, exacerbated by failure to secure a title sponsor or viable buyer despite FIA registration for 2013, led HRT's owners to cease operations on December 12, 2012, after 59 race entries.^[59] Assets, including chassis, were liquidated piecemeal—some sold to Pirelli for display and others to breakers—rather than transferred intact to successors like Marussia, which independently navigated its own rebranding from Virgin Racing.^[60] HRT's brief tenure exemplified the era's entry barriers, where annual costs exceeding €100 million deterred sustainable new teams without substantial backing, contributing to a contraction in grid entrants post-2010.^[56]

Haupt Racing Team

The Haupt Racing Team (HRT) is a German motorsport outfit specializing in GT3 racing, established in 2020 by racing driver and entrepreneur Hubert Haupt.^[61] Based in Germany, the team has rapidly expanded its operations to include customer racing programs with Porsche and Ford vehicles, contesting professional series such as the ADAC GT Masters, Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe, and endurance events like the Nürburgring 24 Hours.^[62] HRT maintains a focus on high-level GT3 competition, leveraging partnerships for factory-supported entries while offering customer support in select championships.^[63] In 2024, HRT achieved class victories in the 24h Nürburgring qualifiers and the NLS4 six-hour race with driver Salman Owega.^[64] The team continued its Porsche 911 GT3 R customer program into 2025, including entries in the ADAC GT Masters.^[62] A pivotal development occurred with a long-term collaboration with Ford Performance, enabling HRT to field the Ford Mustang GT3 in multiple series starting that year, including DTM—marking Ford's return to the championship—and GT World Challenge Europe.^[63] This partnership extended to endurance racing, with the Mustang GT3 debuting at the 2025 ADAC RAVENOL 24h Nürburgring, where HRT entered three cars and secured a class win at the Nordschleife.^[65] ^[66] HRT's 2025 DTM campaign featured the Mustang GT3 under the HRT Ford Performance banner, with the season opener scheduled for April 25–27 at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben.^[67] Additional successes included the Mustang GT3's first overall victory on the Nürburgring Nordschleife and a win in the ADAC GT Masters at the same circuit, driven by Owega and Finn Wiebelhaus in the No. 1 entry.^[68] ^[69] These results underscore HRT's transition to a multifaceted GT3 operation, balancing factory alignments with customer commitments across Europe's premier endurance and sprint formats.^[70]

Transportation

Hampton Roads Transit

Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) is the public transit authority providing regional transportation services across southeastern Virginia, encompassing the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach over a 438-square-mile service area. Established on October 1, 1999, through the voluntary merger of Tidewater Regional Transit—formed in 1977—and Peninsula Transit, HRT represents the first such consolidation of transit systems in the United States, aimed at unifying operations and improving efficiency in the Hampton Roads region.^[71]^[72]^[73] HRT operates a multimodal network including fixed-route buses, the Tide light rail line in Norfolk—which commenced service on August 19, 2011, with an initial 7.4-mile route serving 11 stations—ferry crossings over the Elizabeth River, and paratransit services under the ADARIDE program for certified riders with disabilities, charging $3.50 per trip as of 2025. Complementary offerings include the VB Wave electric trolley in Virginia Beach for coastal access, Bayfront Shuttle services, and on-demand ridesharing via app-based options, alongside transportation demand management initiatives to promote carpooling and vanpooling.^[74]^[75]^[73] Annual ridership reached 9.63 million passenger trips in 2024 across bus, light rail, ferry, trolley, and paratransit modes, marking a 25.8% increase from 7.43 million in 2023 and approaching recovery from pre-COVID peaks that exceeded 20 million trips yearly. Bus services accounted for the majority, with light rail contributing about 865,556 rides in recent fiscal data.^[76]^[77]^[78] Recent developments focus on network expansion and sustainability, such as proposals to extend on-demand microtransit zones in Newport News beyond the current pilot, enhancements to the 757 Express bus routes offering 15-minute peak frequencies between Virginia Beach and Norfolk, and the Peninsula Corridor Study evaluating dedicated transit links between activity centers in Hampton and Newport News. These efforts prioritize reliable, efficient connectivity while integrating low-emission vehicles like electric trolleys to support regional economic growth and reduced congestion.^[79]^[80]^[81]

Other notable uses

Hostage Rescue Team

The Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) is the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) full-time federal law enforcement tactical unit dedicated to counterterrorism, hostage rescue, and high-risk operations within the United States and its territories. Formed in 1983 amid the absence of a dedicated national counterterrorism response capability—highlighted by failures in prior international incidents like the 1972 Munich Olympics hostage crisis—the HRT was designed to address major terrorist threats through specialized intervention.^[82]^[83] Headquartered at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, the HRT functions as a core component of the FBI's Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG), established in 1994 to coordinate tactical operations, crisis negotiation, and behavioral analysis for extraordinary events.^[84] HRT operators, selected from experienced FBI special agents and professional staff, endure a demanding six-month training regimen emphasizing dynamic breaching, precision marksmanship, close-quarters combat, helicopter insertion, and maritime operations, enabling SWAT-level proficiency tailored to federal law enforcement mandates.^[85]^[86] Since its inception, the HRT has executed nearly 800 domestic and international deployments, including the 1993 Waco siege where team members provided tactical support during the standoff with the Branch Davidians, and security operations for events like the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.^[82]^[87] These missions underscore its role in rapid response to terrorism and violent crime, distinct from military special operations or non-tactical uses of the HRT acronym in medical, racing, or transit contexts.^[88]

Hydraulic rescue tools

Hydraulic rescue tools (HRT), often branded as the Jaws of Life, utilize pressurized hydraulic fluid to generate mechanical force exceeding tens of thousands of pounds, enabling the cutting, spreading, and lifting of deformed metal structures during emergency vehicle extrication.^[89] These devices consist of three primary components: cutters for shearing through steel (capable of slicing vehicle A- and B-pillars or roof supports), spreaders for prying apart crushed compartments (such as dashboards or doors), and rams for extending to lift or push wreckage sections, all connected via high-pressure hoses to a power unit with a pump, reservoir, and valves.^[90] The hydraulic system's open-center circuit ensures continuous fluid flow, amplifying operator input into precise, high-torque actions that manual tools cannot match, thus minimizing secondary injuries from prolonged entrapment.^[91] Developed in 1961 by automotive engineer George Hurst, the first HRT was a 350-pound hydraulic spreader designed to extract race car drivers from high-speed crash debris, patented as the Hurst Power Tool after Hurst witnessed inefficient manual rescues at racing events.^[92] By 1971, Hurst introduced the trademarked Jaws of Life at the SEMA trade show, adapting the technology for broader firefighting use following demonstrations that halved extrication times compared to torches or hand tools.^[93] Initial models relied on gasoline or electric pumps tethered by hoses, limiting mobility, but by the 2000s, self-contained battery-powered variants emerged, integrating DC motors and lithium-ion packs to deliver up to 10,000 psi without external power sources, enhancing deployment in remote or congested scenes.^[94] This progression addressed hose entanglement risks and setup delays, with modern eDraulic systems incorporating sensors for real-time force monitoring.^[95] In practice, HRT facilitate rapid access in motor vehicle incidents, where victims face risks from fire, bleeding, or crush syndrome within the "golden hour"; for instance, spreaders can force open 32-inch gaps in under 60 seconds, while cutters sever hardened steel up to 1.5 inches thick.^[96] Fire and EMS teams deploy them alongside stabilization techniques, such as cribbing, to prevent vehicle shifts during operations, with applications extending to structural collapses or heavy machinery entrapment, though effectiveness depends on operator training and tool maintenance to avoid hydraulic leaks or blade dulling.^[97] Since their adoption, these tools have contributed to extricating thousands from wreckage annually, with estimates attributing over 24,000 lives saved globally by enabling interventions unattainable with pre-1960s methods.^[98]

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Sep 18, 2019 · The first clinical trials on HRT and chronic postmenopausal conditions were started in the USA in the late 1990s. After the announcement of the ...
[46]
Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use ...
Estrogen sales doubled and tripled in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, until 1975, when reports of increased endometrial cancer in estrogen users resulted in a ...
[47]
Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy ...
Jul 17, 2002 · Conclusions Overall health risks exceeded benefits from use of combined estrogen plus progestin for an average 5.2-year follow-up among healthy ...
[48]
Where Are We 10 Years After the Women's Health Initiative?
This led to a dramatic reduction in prescriptions for HT in the United States and around the world.
[49]
F.D.A. Orders Warning on All Estrogen Labels - The New York Times
Jan 9, 2003 · All companies making drugs that contain estrogen or estrogen and progestin for menopausal women must include a boxed warning on labels stating that the drugs ...<|separator|>
[50]
Changes to 'black box' warning on hormone therapy for menopause ...
Oct 2, 2025 · The FDA may act "soon" on the black box warning on hormone replacement products for women with menopause symptoms.
[51]
The Timing Hypothesis: Hormone Therapy for Treating Symptomatic ...
The timing hypothesis, which posits that the cardiovascular effects of HT depend on the timing of initiation of HT in relation to menopause.
[52]
Alzheimer Disease Risk Found Related to Timing of Hormone ...
Sep 16, 2025 · The study found that beginning hormone replacement therapy within 5 years of menopause can lower risk of Alzheimer development by 20% to 32%, ...
[53]
To protect gender-affirming care, we must learn from trans history
Jun 21, 2023 · The field's earliest roots date back to the 1920s, when physician Magnus Hirschfeld and other physicians conducted the first formal studies and ...
[54]
Swedish Transgender Treatment Guidelines for Youth - SEGM
Sep 24, 2024 · A recent submission of an English translation of Sweden's official 2022 national practice guideline for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria.
[55]
New restrictions on puberty blockers - GOV.UK
May 29, 2024 · New regulations restrict the prescribing and supply of puberty-suppressing hormones to children and young people under 18.<|control11|><|separator|>
[56]
The Arduous Journey of the Hispania Racing Team
Feb 25, 2023 · It all began when Adrian Campos, a former F1 driver, created his own race team: Campos Motorsport. The team entered the “World Series by Nissan ...
[57]
HRT Formula 1 Team - F1 History
The HRT Formula 1 Team, originally Campos Meta 1, was Spain's foray into F1 from 2010 to 2012. Founded by Adrián Campos and later sold to José Ramón Carabante ...
[58]
Hispania Racing Team 2010 statistics and results - Pitwall
HRT 2010 driver comparison ; Karun Chandhok - Best race finish: 14th ; Christian Klien - Best race finish: 20th ; Sakon Yamamoto - Best race finish: 15th ; Bruno ...
[59]
Lots and lots of lots September 2017 - Motor Sport Magazine
... Hispania Racing (HRT) and Virgin Racing – were still in the final stages of ... F1 fixtures. Cash-strapped HRT was first to depart, dissolved at the end of 2012.
[60]
HRT sells Formula One chassis - Autoweek
Feb 14, 2013 · It has emerged that one of the HRT Formula One chassis that was produced during 2011 and 2012 has been sold to Pirelli for use as a show car.
[61]
About us - Haupt Racing Team
Founded in 2020 by Hubert Haupt, our team is now an established name in international GT3 racing. We enjoy the trust of strong partners and contest a large ...
[62]
haupt racing team to race ford mustang gt3 from 2025 ... - Detail - HRT
Oct 25, 2024 · In addition, HRT is planning a regular customer racing program in 2025, for example in the ADAC GT Masters, which will continue to be the ...
[63]
HRT Switches to Ford in New Long-Term Partnership - Sportscar365
Oct 25, 2024 · Haupt Racing Team will campaign the Ford Mustang GT3 in Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe powered by AWS, DTM and Nürburgring 24 as a part of a new, long-term ...<|separator|>
[64]
haupt racing team announces first drivers for the 2025 motorsport ...
Jan 30, 2025 · In the 2024 24h Nürburgring Qualifiers and the six-hour NLS4, Owega and the Haupt Racing Team won their class in all three races.
[65]
Ford Mustang GT3 makes Nürburgring 24 Hours debut with three ...
Jun 3, 2025 · Haupt Racing Team is set to make history at the 2025 ADAC RAVENOL 24h Nürburgring with the debut of the Ford Mustang GT3. The German squad ...
[66]
Ford Mustang GT3 Endures Nürburgring to Class Victory
Jun 21, 2025 · HRT Ford Performance, a first-year collaborative program with Haupt Racing Team, features 10 Mustang entries across Europe's major GT racing ...
[67]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hY-e70y8MEw
[68]
HRT: “Historic Success” in First Overall Mustang GT3 Win at 'Ring
Sep 17, 2025 · Haupt Racing Team managing director Ulrich Fritz hailed the Ford Mustang GT3's first overall victory on the Nürburgring Nordschleife a ...
[69]
Mustang GT3 Awarded First ADAC GT Masters Victory - Ford Racing
Jul 13, 2025 · The No. 1 Haupt Racing Team Ford Mustang GT3, driven by Salman Owega and Finn Wiebelhaus, earned its first ADAC GT Masters victory at the Nürburgring.
[70]
hrt ford performance announces line-up for the 2025 dtm season
Mar 31, 2025 · The Haupt Racing Team (HRT) was founded in 2020 by racing driver and entrepreneur Hubert Haupt and has firmly established itself in ...
[71]
HRT Celebrates 25 Years of Service - Hampton Roads Transit
Oct 2, 2024 · HRT was formed on October 1, 1999, from the merger of TRT and PENTRAN, which served different communities before the merger.
[72]
Hampton Roads Transit celebrates 25 years of service - WTKR
Dec 4, 2024 · Twenty-five years ago, Peninsula Transit (PENTRAN) and Tidewater Regional Transit (TRT) combined into one entity, Hampton Roads Transit.
[73]
Public Transit Service Providers in Hampton Roads - HRTPO
Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) provides bus, light rail, ferry, ridesharing, and paratransit service in Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, ...
[74]
Modes - Hampton Roads Transit
Hampton Roads Transit makes it easy for people to get around Hampton Roads using bus, light rail and ferry. Learn more about our services.VB Wave & Bayfront Shuttle · Base Express · Park and Ride
[75]
Paratransit - Hampton Roads Transit
The current fare for Paratransit is $3.50 per trip. Paratransit services are not included in any of the HRT's Discounted Fare programs.Buy Paratransit · App · FAQs
[76]
HRT Ridership Surges in 2024 - Hampton Roads Transit
Jan 30, 2025 · HRT ridership grew by 25.8% in 2024, totaling 9.63 million trips, compared to 7.43 million in 2023.
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[PDF] Success Factors Scorecard January 2025 - Hampton Roads Transit
Ridership by Mode. M. Bus Ridership. 608,791. 1,969,804. 7,124,139. Ferry Ridership. 8,139. 39,535. 209,064. Light Rail Ridership. 51,718. 198,019. 865,556.
[78]
Hampton Roads Transit ridership grows near pre-pandemic levels in ...
Feb 12, 2025 · In total, the number of trips on bus, light rail, ferry and paratransit services totaled 9.63 million, compared to 7.43 million in 2023. News 3 ...
[79]
https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/news/55324169/va-hampton-roads-transit-looks-to-shift-newport-news-away-from-low-ridership-bus-routes
[80]
HRT's 757 Express Service Continues to Grow
Jul 1, 2025 · Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) today reported further ridership growth on its 757 Express bus routes following an increase to 15-minute, peak-period service ...Missing: expansions | Show results with:expansions
[81]
Peninsula Corridor Study - Hampton Roads Transit
This 18-month study will define dedicated transit connections between existing and future activity centers in Hampton and Newport News.
[82]
The Hostage Rescue Team: 30 Years of Service - FBI
Feb 1, 2013 · Creating the Hostage Rescue Team. Terrorists at 1972 Olympics (AP Photo) In 1983, when the Hostage Rescue Team was formed, the U.S. had no ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[83]
The Legacy of the Hostage Rescue Team
Created in 1983 and based at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, the HRT is the US government's non-Department of Defense full-time counterterrorist ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[84]
The HRT: A Small Unit With Large Responsibilities
The HRT is a unit of the Tactical Support Branch of the FBI's Critical Incident Response Group headquartered in Quantico, Virginia.Missing: key | Show results with:key
[85]
Hostage Rescue Team: An Exercise in Terror - FBI
Mar 4, 2013 · Hostage Rescue Team Trains on Helicopter The Hostage Rescue Team is part of the FBI's Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG). Headquartered ...
[86]
FBI Hostage Rescue Team (HRT): Domestic Delta - Grey Dynamics
Its more notable tactics and procedures include hostage rescue tactics, precision shooting, rapid deployment, counter-hijack tactics and tactical site surveying ...
[87]
[PDF] INVESTIGATION INTO THE ACTIVITIES OF FEDERAL LAW ...
Feb 28, 2025 · After a cease-fire was arranged, the Federal Bu- reau of Investigation (FBI) dispatched members of its Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) to Waco to take.
[88]
HRT: 40 Years of Saving Lives - Hostage Rescue Team Association
From there, two HRT members, an FBI medic and Younis boarded a jet and were flown 13 hours, with three in-flight refuelings, to Andrews Air Force Base. It ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[89]
Jaws of Life: Invention, tools and uses - Live Science
Mar 23, 2022 · The first hydraulic rescue tools were invented in 1961 by car parts manufacturer George Hurst, according to the National Museum of American ...Hydraulics · Invention
[90]
Hydraulic Rescue Tools: What Are Your Options? - Enerpac Blog
Mar 23, 2022 · Hydraulic cutters vary depending upon their application. The commonest types available include cutters for extrication, bar cutters, cable ...Hydraulic Cutters for Extrication · Hydraulic Spreaders · Hydraulic Pumps
[91]
The Ins and Outs of Hydraulic Rescue Tools - Fire Engineering
Nov 1, 2019 · Rescue tools typically have open center circuits, using pumps that supply a continuous flow. The flow is returned to the tank through the control valve's open ...
[92]
Hurst Power Rescue Tool (Jaws of Life)
In the 1960s, George Hurst designed a 350-pound hydraulic spreader tool to help remove race car drivers from wrecks. He hired Mike Brick to market the ...
[93]
Why HURST | HURST Jaws of Life
The first public introduction of the Jaws of Life (then called the HURST Power Tool) takes place at the 1971 SEMA trade show in California. 1971.Missing: hydraulic | Show results with:hydraulic
[94]
The Evolution of Extrication Tools: From Hose-Bound to Battery ...
Sep 16, 2024 · Extrication tools evolved from hydraulic hose-bound tools, which were limited by hoses, to battery-powered tools, which are more portable and ...
[95]
Extrication tools: Out with the old, in with the new - FireRescue1
Feb 20, 2024 · Extrication tools have come a long way since the manual and heavy first-generation hydraulic tools. The pace of innovation has increased ...
[96]
Jaws of Life: The lifesaving tool that revolutionized vehicle rescue
Mar 28, 2025 · The first hydraulic rescue tool developed by Hurst and known as the Jaws of Life was a spreader used to pry apart wrecked vehicles to rescue those trapped ...
[97]
Hydraulic Rescue Tools: Operation and Maintenance
Sep 1, 2009 · The hydraulic power unit usually includes the following components: a hydraulic fluid reservoir, hydraulic fluid, a hydraulic pump, a pump ...
[98]
The Jaws of Life®: A Quick Overview - Daniel Stark Law
Sep 29, 2022 · The Jaws of Life are rescue tools used by first responders to free people who are trapped in a vehicle after a crash.Missing: history | Show results with:history