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London Colney

London Colney is a large village and in the City and District of St Albans in , , situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of St Albans and 20 miles (32 km) northwest of , near the River Colne and immediately north of the . With a population of 9,809 as of the 2021 census, it ranks as one of the largest villages in Britain and features a lively, cosmopolitan community supported by an active parish council. The village's history traces back to Roman times, with archaeological evidence of a Roman villa, and it is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, reflecting its early roots in woodland and mixed agriculture along ancient routes. It expanded during the along key coaching routes and with transport improvements including the arrival of in the 1860s, and further grew in the through post-war housing developments and the establishment of a fighter station during . Today, London Colney is designated as a conservation area, encompassing a over a mile long with a mix of historic timber-framed and brick buildings from the 16th to 19th centuries, including 14 Grade II listed structures such as St Peter's Church (built in 1825), the 18th-century Telford Bridge over the River Colne, and traditional pubs like The Bull and The Green Dragon. The village blends its heritage with modern amenities, including residential estates, commercial areas with shops and a , community facilities like sports grounds and a , and notable landmarks such as the Sobha Realty Training Centre, the training ground for Football Club. Green spaces, mature trees, and proximity to the River Colne contribute to its sylvan character, while ongoing neighbourhood planning efforts focus on enhancing , , and .

Geography

Location and Boundaries

London Colney is a village and located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of St Albans and about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of . It forms part of the in , , positioned in the south-central part of the county. The boundaries encompass an area of approximately 5.132 km², including the main village settlement, adjacent rural landscapes, and the . The parish is situated in the southern part of the , bordering the to the south, with direct shared borders primarily with other parishes within the . Its strategic positioning near Junction 22 of the , roughly 2 miles to the east, significantly contributes to London Colney's role as a commuter hub, facilitating easy access to and surrounding regions for residents. The village center is referenced at OS grid coordinates TL175045, and it operates within the AL2 postcode district.

Physical Features

London Colney is traversed by the River Colne, a tributary of the Thames that shapes much of the area's natural hydrology and valley landscape. A prominent feature spanning the river is Telford's Bridge, a seven-arched brick structure constructed in 1774; it carries Barnet Road (the A1081) and holds Grade II listed status for its architectural and historical significance. The bridge's design, with wedge-shaped cutwaters on its piers, exemplifies early adapted to the local terrain. The village lies at an elevation of approximately 75 metres (246 ft) above sea level, on chalk geology typical of the area. The physical landscape of London Colney blends elements with extensive farmland and semi-natural grasslands, characteristic of the broader Colney Heath Farmland area in . This medium-scale terrain features a network of hedges, field trees, and pastures contained by urban edges and transport corridors, providing a mosaic of arable fields and open grassy expanses that support local . Within this setting lies Tyttenhanger Greenspace, a key encompassing restored pits, , and that forms part of the Colne Valley's shallow floodplains; it serves as a vital for wetland birds and other . The A1081 road, established as the London Colney Bypass in 1959 to reroute the former A6 trunk road, cuts through the village and has modified the local by introducing embankments and realignments that integrate with the surrounding flat to gently undulating countryside. This infrastructure subtly alters drainage patterns and visual horizons in the area while maintaining connectivity to nearby motorways like the M25. The region's climate is temperate oceanic, typical of inland , with an average annual rainfall of approximately 723 mm and mean temperatures ranging from about 5°C in winter to 16°C in summer (based on 1981-2010 averages).

History

Early History

Archaeological evidence indicates a settlement in the area, including a and bathhouse. The area is recorded in the of 1086, reflecting its early roots in woodland and mixed agriculture along ancient routes. London Colney derives its name from the nearby River Colne, a waterway of pre-Celtic origin that flows through the area, combined with the suffix ēa meaning "river". The "" prefix distinguishes it from other Colneys and reflects its position on the road to . The settlement was first recorded in the 13th century as "Colneye" in a dated 1335. It subsequently appeared on a map in 1645, marking its growing recognition as a distinct . In , London Colney centered on , with fertile lands supporting along the River . The area included several manors, such as Colney Street and Napsbury, which were tied to feudal lords and St Albans Abbey, reflecting its integration into the broader ecclesiastical and economic network of . Originally part of the large parish of St Peter's in St Albans, the village lacked its own dedicated church until the early , underscoring its subordinate status in early records. The 18th and 19th centuries brought notable growth during the coaching era, as London Colney lay along the vital route from to . This position fostered the development of inns and supporting farms to accommodate travelers and their horses, transforming the village into a key stopover point. acts, implemented around , further reshaped the landscape by consolidating open fields and commons into private holdings, enhancing agricultural efficiency but altering traditional patterns. By the late 19th century, the population hovered around 1,000 residents, indicative of steady rural expansion amid these changes.

Modern Developments

In 1947, London Colney became a separate following the division of the former St Peter Rural parish, which had been part of St Albans Rural District since 1894. This administrative change allowed for localized governance and reflected the area's growing distinct identity amid post-war reorganization. During , London Colney was linked to activities due to its proximity to key industrial sites, including the aircraft factory in nearby Hatfield. On 12 May 1941, German spy Karel Richter parachuted into a field near the village as part of a mission to gather intelligence on British aircraft production and contact other agents. Richter was captured shortly after on 13 May by local authorities near the North Orbital Road, highlighting the area's strategic vulnerability during the conflict. Post-war, London Colney experienced significant suburban expansion driven by the UK's London overspill policy, which relocated residents from bombed-out areas to surrounding counties like to address housing shortages. This growth accelerated in the and with new residential developments, transforming the village from a small settlement into a commuter hub. The construction of the in the 1980s, completed in 1986, further spurred by improving connectivity to , though it also positioned London Colney immediately adjacent to the orbital route. The A1081 bypass, running through the area, facilitated this traffic flow and supported ongoing development. In recent years, has been a focus through the London Colney Neighbourhood Plan, adopted on 25 July 2023 following a on 20 July 2023, which emphasizes protecting green spaces, enhancing , and guiding growth. Ongoing reviews and integrations with St Albans District 's Local Plan in 2024-2025 address emerging challenges like pressures and infrastructure needs. Additionally, the underwent leadership changes in 2024, with Jane Johnstone appointed as the new CEO to oversee these initiatives and administrative reforms.

Governance and Demographics

Local Government

London Colney is administered by the London Colney Parish Council, a comprising nine elected councillors who represent local residents and manage parish-level services such as community facilities, maintenance of public spaces, and local planning input. As the lowest tier of , the council collaborates with the Council, which oversees district-wide functions including housing, waste management, and environmental health, and the , responsible for broader services like education, highways, and social care. council meetings occur monthly, allowing on key issues affecting the community. To engage residents, the council produces the "London Colney News," a quarterly distributed free to households in March, June, September, and since its first issue in 1984. The publication focuses on local governance updates, upcoming events, resident contributions, and historical features, fostering community awareness and involvement in affairs. preservation falls under the council's influence through the London Colney Area, initially designated on 19 1974 under the Civic Amenities Act 1967 and extended in 2010 to encompass the historic village core. This area safeguards architectural and environmental elements around the , including 14 Grade II listed buildings, the River setting, Bridge (built 1774), mature trees, and traditional hedgerows, ensuring developments respect the medieval settlement's character. The parish council also leads the development of the London Colney Neighbourhood Plan, designated in 2019, with ongoing updates and consultations on allocations and environmental protections as of 2025 amid challenges like funding cuts to neighbourhood planning support. In 2024-2025, it has facilitated consultations involving working parties and resident feedback to refine policies on growth and green spaces.

Population and Society

According to the 2021 Census, London Colney has a population of 9,809 residents, marking an increase of 3.2% from the 9,507 recorded in the 2011 Census. The parish spans an area of approximately 5.13 km², resulting in a of 1,911 people per km². The age distribution shows 23% of residents aged 0-17 years, 62% aged 18-64 years, and 15% aged 65 years and over. composition shows a slight female majority, with 49% male and 51% female residents. London Colney's ethnic composition includes 75% identifying as , 13% as Asian, 4% as , 6% as mixed, and 2% as other ethnic groups. As a commuter village located near major transport links to , the community features a stable residential base.

Economy and Amenities

Retail and Commerce

London Colney's retail landscape is dominated by Colney Fields Shopping Park, a modern retail destination situated adjacent to Junction 22 of the . Developed in phases beginning in the late 1990s with the opening of its superstore in 1990 and subsequent expansions in the 2000s, the park features anchor tenants including a 158,000 sq ft store and a 113,000 sq ft , alongside over a dozen units such as Next, Boots, , New Look, , and . The site offers 1,400 free parking spaces and serves a catchment of approximately 1.5 million people within a 30-minute drive, drawing significant regional trade in convenience and comparison goods. In 2025, proposals for further expansion of the park, including new retail units, faced delays due to issues with demolishing adjacent student accommodation. Complementing the retail park, London Colney's provides a traditional array of independent shops, cafes, and hospitality venues that cater to local needs. Notable establishments include The Bull, a historic offering cask ales, homemade , and a , which serves as a community hub. These local businesses, including hairdressers, small supermarkets, and service providers, contribute to the village's vibrant daily commerce and support employment opportunities for residents. Industrial and commercial activities in London Colney are concentrated in areas along the A1081, such as the Riverside Estate, where light manufacturing, warehousing, and operations thrive due to strategic proximity to the M25. These facilities benefit from efficient access, facilitating distribution to and the , and have driven in the sector. The ongoing London Colney Neighbourhood Plan, advanced through consultations in 2024 and 2025, incorporates economic assessments that emphasize sustainable retail and commercial expansion, aiming to balance growth with infrastructure capacity and community priorities.

Cultural and Community Facilities

London Colney hosts the , the UK's oldest , which opened to the public in May 1959 and is dedicated to preserving the heritage of the . Located at Hall in the village, the volunteer-run facility features three historic hangars housing a collection of aircraft, engines, and artifacts, including three fighter-bombers—one of which is the prototype built at the site during —and the fuselage of the Comet 1, the world's first . The museum attracts thousands of domestic and international visitors annually, including families and school groups, drawn to its interactive exhibits like a Mosquito flight simulator and guided tours of key aircraft. Community services in London Colney include the London Colney Community Library, operated by and situated at the Caledon Community Centre on Caledon Road, where residents can borrow books, access computers, and participate in educational programs. Healthcare is provided by two practices: Summerfield Health Centre on Caledon Road, which encompasses The Village Surgery and offers comprehensive NHS , and Verulam Medical Group at Colney Medical Centre on . Education for young children is served by London Colney Primary & Nursery School on Alexander Road, a one-form-entry institution for ages 3 to 11 that has been rated "Good" by and emphasizes inclusive learning in a supportive environment. The village features natural spaces such as the Tyttenhanger Gravel Pits, a wildlife-rich area of restored gravel pits, woodlands, and wetlands between London Colney and Colney Heath, managed in part by the RSPB and recognized as a prime site for with species like little egrets and . Community engagement occurs through facilities like the Caledon , which hosts local events including Village Day—a summer at Morris Playing Fields featuring family activities, entertainment, and stalls to foster community spirit. This event, revived after a , brings together for a day of celebration in the countryside. Nearby, Willows Activity Farm on Coursers Road provides family-oriented agricultural experiences, including animal encounters, tractor rides, and the Adventure Playground, offering an all-inclusive day out focused on farm life and outdoor play for children and adults. The site spans acres of fields and attractions, promoting hands-on learning about farming and nature in a safe, engaging setting.

Transport

Road Network

The A1081, a key segment of the former , serves as the primary arterial route through and around London Colney, facilitating connections to St Albans in the north and in the south. This road was realigned with a constructed in 1958 to divert through-traffic away from the village center, reducing local disruption while linking to the A414 at the northern edge. The A1081 provides direct access to M25 Junction 22, approximately 1 mile to the southeast, enabling efficient integration with the London orbital motorway and broader regional travel. Within the village, secondary roads such as and form the core of the local network, originally tracing the pre-bypass alignment of the A6 and supporting daily , access, and movement. These routes, influenced by 18th- and 19th-century coaching paths from to that spurred early village growth, now handle mixed traffic but face challenges from volume increases. Proposals since the have included dedicated cycle paths along segments of and , including improved footways, crossings, and lighting to promote safer active travel and connectivity to nearby routes. The London Colney Neighbourhood Plan addresses ongoing pressures through targeted management strategies, particularly at the A414/A1081/ and near Colney Fields Retail Park, where high visitor volumes exacerbate peak-hour delays. Policies emphasize measures, enhanced signage, and parking controls to mitigate these issues, alongside proposals for signalized junctions and pedestrian-priority zones to balance safety and flow without expanding the overall road footprint.

Public Transport

London Colney relies primarily on bus services for public transportation, with no railway station within the village itself. Key routes include the 84, operated by Buses, which connects to St Albans, running every 15 to 30 minutes during peak hours. Additional services are provided by , including the 602 linking to and Hatfield with peak-hour frequencies of approximately 20-30 minutes on weekdays. The 357, operated by Red Rose Travel, connects to via St Albans and London Colney. These routes facilitate travel to surrounding areas and integrate briefly with the A1081 for access to broader networks. The nearest rail stations are St Albans City, approximately 3 miles north, providing frequent services to and beyond, and , about 4 miles west, on the . Community transport options support residents unable to use regular buses, particularly the elderly and those with disabilities. County Council's schemes, such as Dial-a-Ride door-to-door services and voluntary car schemes, operate across the district, including London Colney. Active travel is promoted through and walking paths connecting to networks. links to the via the Ver-Colne Valley Walk and the Alban Way, a traffic-free former railway trail extending to St Albans and beyond, enabling safe routes for commuters and leisure users.

Sports and Leisure

Professional Sports Facilities

London Colney is home to the Sobha Realty Training Centre, the primary training facility for , which opened in October 1999 following advocacy by then-manager to replace the club's previous shared arrangement at . Spanning approximately 143 acres, the centre accommodates the first-team squad, academy players, and women's team, featuring ten full-size outdoor pitches equipped with , drainage systems, and automated sprinklers, alongside an indoor pitch, advanced gymnasium, pools, medical and recovery suites, and rooms designed to support high-performance training. The facility underwent significant expansions in the early , including upgrades to the main building and the addition of a dedicated player performance centre with enhanced gym equipment and recovery amenities, ensuring compliance with evolving elite training standards. Further developments, announced in 2015, incorporated a 40-meter , baths, a , chamber, and state-of-the-art video analysis technology to optimize player preparation and . In February 2024, the site received its first sponsorship from Dubai-based Sobha Realty, marking a multi-million-pound partnership that underscores its role in the club's commercial operations. Accessible via the nearby A1081 road, the centre facilitates efficient logistics for professional operations. Adjacent to Arsenal's complex, maintains its own professional training ground on the former Shenley UCLU Sports Grounds site in London Colney, which Arsenal utilized until 1999 before relocating nearby; this 20-acre facility includes four natural grass pitches, one pitch, and support buildings for the first team and academy, situated in proximity to the historic Aircraft Heritage Centre. These venues collectively enhance London Colney's profile as a hub for professional football, supporting local jobs across Arsenal's operations and generating economic benefits through staff employment, spending, and visitor attractions that draw fans and tours to the area.

Local Clubs and Activities

London Colney F.C., established in 1907, serves as the village's primary amateur club and competes in the Spartan South Midlands League Division One (as of 2024–25), with home matches hosted at the Cotlandswick Leisure Centre. The club has a history of league success, including a Premier Division title in 2002 and promotion from Division One in 2012, fostering grassroots participation among local residents. Local parks provide accessible facilities for recreational sports, including pitches and courts at Napsbury Park, managed by the parish council to support community teams and casual play. The London Colney Club, affiliated with the Saracens Hertfordshire League, utilizes nearby grounds for matches and training, promoting family-oriented participation. Gym equipment and fitness areas are available at Cotlandswick , complementing outdoor options in parks like Playing Fields. Annual events at Willows Activity Farm enhance leisure pursuits, featuring the in , which includes pumpkin picking, carving, and family-friendly activities such as mazes and crafts for its 20th year in 2025. displays are integrated into seasonal programs like the Autumn Programme, drawing residents for communal celebrations. The Cotlandswick offers a warm suitable for , alongside group fitness classes including , , and programs to encourage health and wellness among locals. Walking groups operate in nearby natural areas, such as the Watling Chase Timberland Trail and Willows Lakes, with organized routes by groups like exploring the and surrounding countryside. The parish council supports community sports programs through maintenance of playing fields and organization of inclusive events, exemplified by the inaugural Village Day on August 9, 2025, at Morris Playing Fields, which featured summer activities for all ages to build local engagement.

Notable People

Entertainment and Arts

One of the most notable figures in entertainment associated with London Colney was Welsh actor Philip Madoc (1938–2012), who resided in the village during his later years. Madoc gained international recognition for his portrayal of the U-boat captain in the iconic "Dad's Army" episode "The Deadly Attachment" (1973), where he delivered the memorable line "What is your name?" to Private Pike, and for starring as the title character in the BBC Wales drama series "The Life and Times of David Lloyd George" (1981). His connection to London Colney was highlighted in local tributes following his death in hospital at age 77.

Sports and Other Fields

Jake "The Snake" Roberts, born Aurelian Smith Jr. in 1955, was a prominent professional wrestler known for his tenure as a star in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) during the 1980s and 1990s, where he gained fame for his signature entrance involving a named Damien. He resided in , , during the early 2000s, establishing a temporary base in the village while pursuing wrestling-related activities in the UK. In 2004, Roberts became embroiled in a high-profile animal cruelty case after inspectors seized his 12-foot pet from his London Colney home following reports of . The snake, which had been a key part of his wrestling persona, was found severely emaciated and subsequently died; Roberts was convicted at St Albans of causing unnecessary to the animal, resulting in a fine and his departure from the area shortly thereafter.

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