Move
MOVE is a radical black liberation and back-to-nature organization founded in 1972 in Philadelphia by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart, 1931–1985), who authored its foundational text emphasizing the unity and sanctity of all life forms against industrial society and governmental coercion.[1][2] The group's principles, outlined in Africa's Guidelines, reject modern technology, processed foods, medicine, and formal education as violations of natural law, advocating instead for veganism, communal living without utilities or possessions, and direct confrontation with authorities perceived as enemies of life; members adopted the surname "Africa" and prioritized raw, unfiltered existence in defiance of urban norms.[1][3] MOVE's activities escalated into armed standoffs with police, including a 1978 siege resulting in the deaths of officer James Ramp and MOVE member Delbert Africa (severely beaten on camera), followed by convictions of nine members on murder charges amid allegations of judicial bias.[1] Its defining controversy occurred on May 13, 1985, when, after MOVE fortified its Osage Avenue rowhouse and exchanged gunfire with police during an eviction attempt, authorities dropped a C-4 explosive from a helicopter, igniting a fire that killed eleven occupants—including John Africa and five children—while destroying 65 homes and displacing hundreds; only Ramona and Michael Africa survived, later suing the city successfully for damages.[1][4] Despite internal fractures and ongoing activism by survivors, MOVE remains a symbol of militant resistance to systemic authority, influencing niche discussions on anti-civilizational ecology though marred by its toll of violence and property destruction on both sides.[2]Commercial entities
Brands and enterprises
Move, Inc. is a real estate technology company that operates a portfolio of online platforms providing property listings, search tools, and related services for consumers and professionals.[5] The company manages the Move Network, which includes consumer-facing sites such as Realtor.com for home listings and sales data, Moving.com for relocation quotes and resources, and Doorsteps.com for rental searches, collectively drawing nearly 30 million monthly visitors as of recent reports.[6] For real estate agents and brokers, it offers professional tools like ListHub for syndicating multiple listing service (MLS) data and marketing platforms for lead generation.[6] Move, Inc. functions as a subsidiary of News Corp, which acquired it in 2014 to bolster its digital real estate presence.[7] The enterprise traces its origins to Homestore, Inc., an online real estate portal that expanded through acquisitions including Moving.com in early 2006.[8] Following this integration, Homestore rebranded to Move, Inc. in February 2006, unifying its offerings under a name emphasizing consumer mobility in housing markets and shifting its NASDAQ ticker from HOMS to MOVE.[9] By 2023, leadership transitioned with David Doctorow departing as CEO and Damian Eales appointed as successor to oversee operations amid News Corp's strategic focus on real estate digital tools.[10] Move, Inc. has powered partnerships with platforms like MSN Real Estate and AOL Real Estate, extending its reach through syndication and mobile apps compatible with iOS, Android, and other systems.[6] Beyond core listings, the company provides ancillary services such as mortgage calculators, senior housing directories, and advertising solutions serving over 400,000 real estate professionals.[6] Its software emphasizes data aggregation from MLS sources, enabling efficient property matching while complying with industry standards for accuracy and timeliness.[5] Move, Inc. has been recognized in sectors like HousingWire's Tech100 for innovations in consumer-facing real estate experiences.[11]Political movements and organizations
Government and politics
MOVE, founded in 1972 by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart), positioned itself as a revolutionary organization opposing what it termed a "rotten reformed world system" characterized by systemic violence, racism, and disconnection from nature.[12] The group's ideology fused black liberation principles with anarcho-primitivist advocacy for communal living, animal rights, and rejection of modern institutions like technology, medicine, and formal education, viewing government as an enforcer of death over life.[1] Members adopted the surname Africa, symbolized rebirth by claiming the age of one, and engaged in militant protests against police brutality and environmental degradation, often using loudspeakers to broadcast denunciations that alienated neighbors and authorities.[13] Early conflicts with Philadelphia's government arose in Powelton Village, where MOVE's refusal to comply with sanitation orders, utility payments, and child welfare laws led to repeated arrests and evictions under Mayor Frank Rizzo's administration, known for its aggressive law-and-order policies.[1] On August 8, 1978, a police operation to evict MOVE from its fortified headquarters escalated into a shootout, resulting in the death of Officer James J. Ramp from a bullet to the back of the head and injuries to MOVE member Del Africa; nine members, dubbed the MOVE 9, were convicted of third-degree murder and sentenced to 30–100 years each, with claims of police framing and excessive force disputed in appeals.[1] Following the convictions, MOVE relocated to a compound at 6221 Osage Avenue in Cobbs Creek, where it continued loudspeaker broadcasts, hoarded animals, and stockpiled weapons, prompting over 300 neighbor complaints and building code violations by 1984.[14] Tensions peaked in 1985 under Mayor Wilson Goode, Philadelphia's first black mayor, amid warrants for MOVE members' parole violations and threats against officials; a May 13 standoff involved over 500 police officers firing more than 10,000 rounds, followed by the aerial deployment of a Tovex bomb fused with C-4 explosive on the rooftop bunker, igniting a fire that killed 11 occupants—including five children and founder John Africa—and destroyed 65 homes, displacing 250 residents.[14][1] The MOVE Commission, appointed in 1985, condemned the operation as "unconscionable" and involving "gross incompetence," recommending disciplinary action but leading to no criminal charges against officials, while survivor Ramona Africa was imprisoned for seven years on riot-related charges.[1] A 1996 civil suit awarded $1.5 million to survivors and families, acknowledging government liability without admitting fault.[1] MOVE has since framed these events as state terrorism, demanding the release of imprisoned members and condemning ongoing systemic oppression.[12]Science and technology
Technologies and concepts
Move is a programming language specifically engineered for secure smart contract development in blockchain environments, prioritizing the safe management of digital assets to mitigate risks like unintended duplication or loss. Originating from Meta Platforms' Diem (formerly Libra) project, announced in June 2019, Move introduces a resource-oriented model where assets are treated as linear types—entities that can be moved but not copied or implicitly discarded—enforcing ownership and preventing double-spending without relying on external runtime checks.[15][16] This design draws from Rust's ownership system but adapts it for on-chain execution, compiling to a bytecode format verifiable by the Move Prover tool for formal proofs of properties like asset conservation.[17] Key concepts in Move include modules, which encapsulate code for reusable functionality; structs for defining resources and non-resource data; and abilities such askey, store, and drop, which dictate how values can be persisted, transferred, or eliminated. For instance, resources marked with key can be stored under addresses in the blockchain's global storage, enabling persistent assets like tokens or NFTs. The language's type system ensures static guarantees against common exploits, such as reentrancy or unsafe borrowing, making it suitable for high-value transactions. Move's syntax resembles Rust, facilitating developer familiarity while optimizing for gas efficiency in virtual machines like the Move VM.[18][19]
Beyond Diem, which was discontinued in January 2022 amid regulatory challenges, Move powers independent layer-1 blockchains including Aptos, mainnet-launched on October 18, 2022, and Sui, which debuted its mainnet in May 2023 with extensions for object-centric parallelism—allowing non-conflicting transactions to execute concurrently for scalability.[20][21] These platforms leverage Move's bytecode for deterministic execution, with Sui introducing dynamic objects that enhance flexibility over account-based models. Adoption has grown, with over 1,000 smart contracts deployed on Aptos by mid-2023, though critics note the language's relative youth limits its ecosystem compared to Solidity or Rust-based alternatives.[20] Formal verification tools, integrated via the Move Analyzer, further support auditing, as evidenced by verified modules in Sui's standard library handling core primitives like coin transfers.[22]