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Panzerfaust 3

The Panzerfaust 3 (PzF 3) is a semi-disposable, recoilless, shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon system designed for man-portable use by infantry, featuring a 110 mm shaped-charge warhead launched from a disposable tube with a reusable firing and sighting mechanism.^[1]^[2] Developed by Dynamit Nobel Defence (formerly Dynamit Nobel AG) between 1978 and 1985 during the late Cold War era, the PzF 3 was created to provide West German forces with an effective counter to Soviet armored vehicles, replacing the earlier Panzerfaust 2, which lacked sufficient penetration against modern reactive armor.^[1]^[3]^[4] Initial testing occurred in 1986, with the weapon entering service with the Bundeswehr in 1987 and achieving full operational adoption by 1992.^[3] By 2003, over 261,718 units had been produced, reflecting its widespread adoption and reliability as a lightweight anti-armor solution.^[5] Key technical specifications include a total length of 1,200 mm, a weight of approximately 13 kg for the standard hollow-charge variant (13.3 kg for tandem warhead models), a muzzle velocity of 165 m/s for the rocket-assisted projectile, and an effective range of 300–600 meters, with a maximum firing range up to 920 meters.^[1]^[2]^[6] The system achieves armor penetration of up to 700 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), enhanced in tandem-warhead versions to defeat explosive reactive armor (ERA) through a precursor charge that detonates ERA before the main shaped charge impacts.^[2]^[3] Its design emphasizes ease of use, with back-blast reduction via a countermass in the tube, allowing safe firing from enclosed spaces, and optical or thermal sights for day/night operations.^[1]^[2] Variants expand the PzF 3's versatility, including the PzF 3-T and PzF 3-IT600 with tandem warheads and extended 600-meter ranges via improved sights like the IS2000 laser rangefinder; the lightweight PzF 3LW for reduced weight; the PzF 3LR for 800-meter engagement; and the Bunkerfaust for anti-fortification roles with a multi-purpose tandem warhead featuring a shaped charge precursor and follow-through fragmentation.^[1]^[3] Production is licensed to IHI Aerospace in Japan, ensuring supply for export users.^[4] Primary users include the German Bundeswehr, with exports to Japan (first acquisition in 1989), the Netherlands, Switzerland, and others; in 2022, Germany supplied thousands to Ukraine for use against Russian armored forces in the ongoing conflict, demonstrating the weapon's continued relevance. As of 2025, ongoing production continues with new Bundeswehr orders and potential co-production in Ukraine, though the Netherlands plans to replace it with the Carl Gustaf M4.^[5]^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Development and History

Origins and Design Phase

The development of the Panzerfaust 3 was initiated in 1978 by Dynamit Nobel AG under a contract from the German Bundeswehr to address the limitations of aging Cold War-era anti-tank systems, particularly the Panzerfaust 44 (also known as Lanze), which had been in service since the 1960s but lacked sufficient penetration against emerging armored threats.^[10]^[11] This effort was driven by the need for a next-generation man-portable weapon capable of countering the massed Soviet armored formations anticipated in a potential European conflict, including advanced main battle tanks like the T-72 equipped with composite armor and early explosive reactive armor (ERA).^[12]^[1] Design requirements emphasized a lightweight, shoulder-fired recoilless system that could be operated by a single infantryman, with a focus on high-velocity performance and minimal logistical burden to enhance infantry mobility on the battlefield. The system was specified to incorporate a 110 mm caliber shaped-charge warhead for superior armor penetration—initially around 700 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA)—while incorporating concepts for tandem warheads to neutralize ERA by detonating an initial charge to trigger the reactive tiles before the main penetrator struck. Early engineering efforts also prioritized back-blast reduction through innovative tube designs filled with plastic granulate, allowing safe firing from enclosed spaces without significant overpressure hazards to the operator or nearby troops. These features reflected German industry's emphasis on crew safety and tactical flexibility, drawing from lessons in recoilless rifle advancements like the Carl Gustav but tailored for disposable ammunition to reduce costs.^[1]^[10]^[11] Between 1978 and 1985, Dynamit Nobel conducted extensive prototyping and testing to refine the core concepts, including the reusable firing unit with integrated optics and the disposable launch tube pre-loaded with the 110 mm warhead and sustainer rocket. Initial prototypes demonstrated the feasibility of the semi-disposable architecture, where the firing mechanism could be reused across multiple launches, contrasting with fully disposable predecessors and enabling better sustainment in prolonged engagements. Testing focused on warhead performance against simulated Soviet armor, back-blast mitigation, and overall system ergonomics, culminating in a design that balanced portability—at approximately 10.8 kg for the ammunition unit (full system ~13 kg with firing unit)—with effective engagement ranges up to 600 meters. This phase laid the groundwork for the weapon's evolution, incorporating German engineering influences in propellant technologies to achieve a "soft launch" for reduced signature and improved operator survivability.^[4]^[10]^[1]

Timeline and Introduction

The Panzerfaust 3 (PzF 3), developed by Dynamit Nobel Defence, represents a significant advancement in portable anti-tank weaponry for infantry forces, designed to provide effective engagement against modern armored threats while prioritizing soldier safety and ease of use.^[1] Initiated in response to evolving battlefield requirements during the late Cold War era, the system underwent extensive testing and refinement before its formal adoption by the German Bundeswehr, marking a shift from earlier recoilless designs like the Panzerfaust 44 (PzF 44).^[5] Its introduction enhanced the German army's close-combat anti-armor capabilities, with production scaling to meet both domestic and export demands.^[10] Development of the PzF 3 began in 1978, following a Bundeswehr requirement for a lightweight, shoulder-fired weapon capable of defeating contemporary Soviet tanks such as the T-72 and T-80.^[1] The first troop tests occurred in 1986, evaluating the system's performance in operational scenarios after initial prototypes and static trials.^[3] By 1985, core development was complete, leading to limited production starting that year and low-rate serial production in 1987, when the weapon entered limited service with the Bundeswehr.^[10]^[1] Official introduction came on September 30, 1992, with a ceremonial handover by Lieutenant General Ernst Klaffus at the Infantry School in Hammelburg, solidifying the PzF 3 as the standard anti-tank system and initiating full-scale procurement.^[13] This adoption facilitated the replacement of the aging PzF 44 by the mid-1990s, as the new system offered superior range, penetration, and back-blast safety.^[14] Initial Bundeswehr orders focused on equipping infantry units, with the reusable firing mechanism allowing cost-effective disposable ammunition tubes.^[1] Production ramped up in the early 1990s, with Dynamit Nobel fulfilling domestic contracts while securing the first export order from Japan in 1989.^[5] The original model's initial unit cost was approximately $9,994 (equivalent to around €5,000 adjusted for inflation and contemporary exchange rates), reflecting its advanced engineering.^[5] By 2000, total production exceeded 250,000 rounds, supporting widespread distribution within the Bundeswehr and allied forces.^[10] In the late 1990s, the Bundeswehr transitioned to the improved PzF 3-T variant to address reliability enhancements, particularly in warhead performance against reactive armor, without altering the core timeline of adoption.^[1]

Design and Operation

Principle of Operation

The Panzerfaust 3 operates on a recoilless launch principle that employs a countermass to neutralize the recoil forces generated during firing. The countermass consists of plastic granulate packed into the rear of the disposable launch tube, which is ejected backward at high velocity upon ignition of the booster propellant. This design adheres to the conservation of momentum, where the forward momentum of the projectile is precisely balanced by the rearward momentum of the countermass, resulting in zero net recoil on the weapon and shooter. By using plastic granulate instead of high-velocity exhaust gases, the system significantly reduces the back-blast hazard, enabling safe discharge from confined spaces such as buildings or vehicles without the risk of excessive pressure buildup.^[1]^[15]^[11] The firing sequence begins with the operator sighting the target through the reusable optical sight, which features a line pattern for ranging moving or stationary targets up to 600 meters; an optional infrared or night-vision attachment can be integrated for low-light conditions. Upon pulling the trigger, a spring-loaded bolt ignites the booster propellant charge located between the projectile and countermass, accelerating the 110 mm warhead to an initial muzzle velocity of 165 m/s as it exits the tube. The warhead remains unarmed during this initial phase for safety, with arming occurring only after traveling approximately 5 meters from the launcher to prevent premature detonation if fired at very close range. Shortly after launch, the rocket motor in the projectile ignites, providing sustained propulsion and increasing velocity while the initial booster burnout occurs within the tube to further minimize back-blast exposure behind the firer.^[11]^[1]^[15] Safety protocols are integral to the design, including a minimum 15-meter back-blast danger zone to account for any residual gas expulsion and debris from the countermass ejection, though the overall hazard radius is greatly reduced compared to traditional rocket systems. If the projectile misses the target or exceeds its effective range, an integrated self-destruct mechanism activates upon burnout of the rocket motor, detonating the warhead in the air to limit unexploded ordnance risks. This combination of features ensures reliable operation while prioritizing user protection in combat environments.^[11]^[1]^[4]

Components and Safety Features

The Panzerfaust 3 consists of two primary components: a disposable launch tube pre-loaded with a 110 mm warhead and a reusable fire control unit that includes the sighting and triggering mechanisms. The launch tube, which has a 60 mm caliber barrel, houses the ammunition and is attached to the front of the fire control unit for firing; after use, the empty tube is discarded, allowing for quick reloading with a new round via a simple attachment mechanism. The fire control unit features a mechanical trigger, folding shoulder stock, and dual grips for stable handling by a single operator.^[1]^[10] The sighting system is integrated into the reusable fire control unit and includes a standard optical telescope sight, with options for advanced variants such as the Simrad IS200 laser rangefinder or the KN205F II clip-on night sight for low-visibility conditions. The overall length of the assembled weapon is approximately 1,200 mm, contributing to its portability for infantry use. Materials emphasize lightweight construction for the reusable components, though specific alloys are not detailed in operational descriptions.^[1]^[10] Safety features are designed to minimize risks during handling and firing, including a manual safety on the fire control unit to prevent accidental discharge and a recoilless launch principle using a countermass of plastic granulate to neutralize backblast. The rocket motor ignites only after the projectile has traveled a safe distance from the operator, typically around 5 meters, to avoid proximity hazards. Additionally, the warhead arms in a delayed sequence upon launch, ensuring it detonates only on impact or if the propellant exhausts, providing safeguards against duds. The ergonomic design, with balanced weight distribution, adjustable stock, and intuitive controls, supports one-man operation while incorporating environmental seals for all-weather reliability.^[1]^[10]^[3]^[15]

Variants

Standard PzF 3 and PzF 3-T

The standard Panzerfaust 3 (PzF 3) is a disposable, shoulder-fired recoilless anti-tank weapon system developed by Dynamit Nobel AG starting from a 1973 order, with work beginning in 1978 and completing in 1985; further intensification occurred in 1986 in response to advancing armored vehicle technologies. It entered service with the German Bundeswehr in 1987, achieving full operational adoption by 1992 as a replacement for earlier systems like the Panzerfaust 44, providing infantry with a lightweight, unguided option for engaging armored targets at short ranges. The baseline model employs a 110 mm single shaped-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead launched from a 60 mm tube, delivering penetration of approximately 700 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) against conventional targets.^[1]^[4]^[2]^[16] The system's design emphasizes portability and confined-space firing capability through a countermass ejection mechanism that neutralizes recoil without a traditional backblast, allowing use inside buildings or vehicles with minimal overpressure. Ready-to-fire weight stands at 12.9 kg, with an overall length of 1,200 mm and effective engagement ranges of 300 m against moving targets or 400 m against stationary ones. The integrated UP-7V telescopic sight provides basic optical aiming, supporting the weapon's role in direct-fire anti-armor engagements.^[2]^[4]^[10] The PzF 3-T represents a mid-life upgrade introduced in the late 1990s to address evolving threats, particularly the proliferation of explosive reactive armor (ERA) on main battle tanks. This variant retains the core launcher but pairs it with a tandem HEAT warhead, where the precursor charge detonates ERA tiles, enabling the main charge to achieve over 700 mm RHA penetration against the underlying armor—typically rated at around 800 mm post-ERA. Enhancements include refined aerodynamics for improved stability and reduced vulnerability to visual and thermal detection during launch.^[2]^[10] Key differences from the baseline PzF 3 include upgraded sighting systems, such as the Simrad IS200 laser rangefinder integrated with a ballistic computer for enhanced accuracy at extended ranges, and a modest weight optimization to approximately 12.5–13.3 kg through material refinements in the warhead assembly. These changes improve operator effectiveness without significantly altering the weapon's disposable nature or firing doctrine. By 2000, the PzF 3-T had supplanted the original as the Bundeswehr's standard issue, with Dynamit Nobel securing contracts for ongoing production and integration into infantry units.^[1]^[2]^[1]

PzF 3-IT

The PzF 3-IT, or Improved Tandem variant of the Panzerfaust 3, was introduced in the mid-1990s as an upgrade to address the challenges posed by modern armored vehicles equipped with explosive reactive armor (ERA). Developed by Dynamit Nobel Defence, this variant features a tandem warhead configuration consisting of a precursor charge on a retractable nose rod and a main shaped-charge warhead, designed to detonate ERA before the primary penetrator impacts the underlying armor. This design allows for effective engagement of advanced main battle tanks that emerged in the post-Cold War period, where reactive armor became a standard defensive measure against conventional anti-tank munitions.^[1]^[4] The tandem warhead of the PzF 3-IT provides significant penetration capability, defeating up to 900 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) after ERA, making it suitable for neutralizing heavily protected targets. While primarily optimized for anti-armor roles, the warhead's high-explosive content also produces secondary effects against softer internal components of vehicles upon penetration, though it lacks dedicated thermobaric or incendiary elements. The effective range extends to 600 meters, an improvement over earlier models, facilitated by the integration of advanced sighting systems.^[10]^[3] Unique to the PzF 3-IT are enhancements such as the Dynarange computerized fire control unit, which incorporates a laser rangefinder and ballistic computer for precise targeting at longer distances, and the overall length remains approximately 1,200 mm. These modifications result in a fire-ready weight of about 15.3 kg, heavier than the standard variant due to the added components for improved performance against evolving threats. Compared to the baseline PzF 3-T, the IT version prioritizes ERA defeat and extended engagement capabilities without altering the core recoilless operation principle.^[10]^[3]

PzF 3 Bunkerfaust

The PzF 3 Bunkerfaust is a specialized variant of the Panzerfaust 3 anti-tank weapon system, optimized for engaging fortified structures and multi-role targets in urban and confined environments. Developed by Dynamit Nobel Defence in collaboration with Diehl VA Systeme for the German Bundeswehr, it addresses capability gaps in asymmetric and urban warfare by incorporating a multi-purpose warhead designed to breach hard cover and deliver secondary effects against protected personnel or assets. This variant entered service with the German Army in 1995, replacing elements of the earlier PzF 44 Lanze system while leveraging the core reusable firing and sighting unit of the PzF 3 family.^[17]^[18] The design employs a disposable 60 mm launch tube housing a 110 mm over-caliber, rocket-assisted projectile with a tandem charge configuration, utilizing the recoilless Davis gun principle for safe operation in enclosed spaces. A key feature is the reduced back-blast, achieved through an iron powder or plastic granulate countermass that minimizes hazardous gases and overpressure, enabling firing from indoors with minimal risk to the operator or nearby allies. The system is effective against hardened bunkers, light vehicles, and exposed personnel, with the warhead's forward shaped charge breaching barriers followed by a delayed secondary detonation for enhanced lethality.^[19]^[17]^[18] Ammunition integration centers on the DM32 (Bunkerfaust or BKF) round, a high-explosive anti-tank multi-purpose (HEAT-MP-RA) projectile compatible with the standard PzF 3 launcher. The DM32 features a primary shaped charge warhead with a stand-off rod for penetrating up to 250 mm of masonry or 25 cm of reinforced concrete, paired with a 47 mm follow-through high-explosive fragmentation (HE-Frag) grenade equipped with a delay fuze that detonates 1.2 to 2.7 meters behind the breach, dispersing approximately 1,200 fragments and 900 ball-type fragments each with over 80 joules of energy. This setup provides versatility against both armored and soft targets without requiring separate round types.^[19]^[18]^[17] Compared to the PzF 3-IT variant, the Bunkerfaust has limitations including a shorter effective range of 11 to 400 meters due to its muzzle velocity of 149 m/s. The overall system weight remains comparable to the base PzF 3 at approximately 12.9 kg when loaded, maintaining portability for infantry use.^[19]^[18]

PzF 3-LW and PzF 3-LR

The PzF 3-LW (Lightweight) is a reduced-weight variant designed for enhanced mobility in urban environments, weighing approximately 10.5 kg ready-to-fire while maintaining the standard 110 mm HEAT warhead and 300-400 m effective range. It features lighter materials in the launch tube and warhead assembly to decrease overall mass without compromising penetration or safety.^[1] The PzF 3-LR (Long Range) extends engagement capabilities to 800 meters through integration of advanced optics and a more powerful rocket motor, paired with the tandem warhead for ERA defeat. This variant supports the PzF 3-IT fire control system for precise aiming at longer distances, weighing around 14 kg.^[1]^[2]

Ammunition

Warhead Types

The Panzerfaust 3 ammunition features high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warheads as its primary configuration, utilizing shaped charges with a copper liner to form a high-velocity metal jet for armor penetration. These warheads employ the Munroe effect, where the explosive collapse of the conical copper liner generates a focused penetrator capable of defeating rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).^[20]^[1] Single-stage HEAT warheads, such as the original DM12 cartridge, provide penetration of approximately 700 mm of RHA, suitable for earlier armored threats without explosive reactive armor (ERA).^[21] Tandem HEAT designs, introduced in the DM22 and later DM72 series, incorporate a precursor charge followed by a main charge to counter ERA; the smaller leading charge detonates upon impact to disrupt reactive tiles, allowing the primary shaped charge to achieve over 900 mm RHA penetration behind ERA.^[21]^[2] The fuze in tandem variants uses a standoff mechanism, often with void-sensing capability, to ensure the precursor activates at the optimal distance—typically 100-200 mm from the target surface—to neutralize ERA without compromising the main jet formation.^[2] Multi-purpose warheads enhance post-penetration effects, particularly in the PzF 3-IT's dual-mode configuration, which combines a HEAT precursor with a high-explosive (HE) follow-through element for internal damage.^[1] These include fragmentation grenades that deploy after the initial breach for effects against personnel and equipment inside vehicles.^[1] Impact fuzes initiate the sequence, with the follow-through payload using plastic explosives to cause damage and suppress occupants.^[2] For the Bunkerfaust variant, high-explosive squash head (HESH) and HE warheads employ plastic explosives that spread upon impact to create spalling—internal fracturing and fragmentation—against bunkers, walls, and light structures, penetrating up to 240 mm of reinforced concrete before dispersing lethal fragments.^[1]^[22] Proximity or delay fuzes in these configurations allow detonation inside voids or after wall penetration, optimizing effects against personnel and fortifications.^[21]

Projectile Characteristics

The Panzerfaust 3 projectile employs a solid-fuel rocket motor for propulsion, igniting shortly after launch to provide an initial muzzle velocity of 165 m/s while minimizing back-blast hazards to the operator.^[1]^[23] The motor burns out at a distance of 5-10 meters from the launcher, further reducing the rear danger zone and enabling safe firing from confined spaces.^[24] The projectile follows an unguided ballistic trajectory and is spin-stabilized to maintain flight stability over its path. Its maximum effective range reaches 600 meters against stationary targets, with integrated drop compensation in the weapon's optical sights to account for gravitational effects during flight.^[1]^[2] Measuring 110 mm in caliber, the projectile design optimizes aerodynamics and payload integration within the 60 mm launch tube. For safety, a timer-activated self-destruct mechanism engages after 920 meters, ensuring the round does not remain armed beyond its intended engagement envelope.^[2]

Specifications

Weapon Dimensions and Weight

The Panzerfaust 3 measures 1,200 mm in overall length when fully assembled for firing, comprising the reusable firing unit attached to the disposable launch tube. For transport and storage, the system collapses to a compact length of 950 mm, facilitating infantry mobility.^[1]^[2] The weapon's weight distribution emphasizes portability: the unloaded firing unit weighs 2.3 kg, while the total ready-to-fire mass is approximately 13 kg for the standard hollow-charge variant. This configuration balances operational readiness with the need for a single soldier to carry multiple units.^[1]^[10] The launch tube employs fiberglass-reinforced plastic composites to minimize weight without compromising structural integrity during launch. The system breaks down into two primary components—the firing unit and the tube—allowing it to be carried in a backpack by dismounted troops.^[25]^[10]

Range and Penetration

The Panzerfaust 3 provides effective engagement ranges of 15 to 300 meters against moving targets and 400 to 600 meters against stationary ones, enabling infantry to neutralize armored threats at typical battlefield distances.^[15] The minimum arming distance is 20 meters, ensuring the projectile's fuse activates only after safe separation from the launcher to prevent backblast hazards to the operator.^[4] Penetration capabilities vary by warhead type, with the standard high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead defeating up to 700 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), sufficient for contemporary armored vehicles without advanced reactive protection.^[10] The tandem HEAT configuration enhances this to 900 mm RHA after defeating explosive reactive armor (ERA), allowing effective strikes against upgraded main battle tanks.^[10] For high-explosive squash head (HESH) applications, such as the bunkerfaust variant, penetration reaches approximately 360 mm of brick wall or equivalent concrete structures, prioritizing fragmentation and spalling effects over shaped-charge jet formation.^[10] Accuracy is supported by an integrated optical day sight, which facilitates precise aiming within the weapon's range envelope, though advanced variants incorporate computerized fire-control systems for hit probabilities exceeding 90% against moving targets.^[2] Environmental factors, including wind drift and temperature extremes from -46°C to +71°C, can marginally affect projectile stability and velocity, necessitating adjustments in open or adverse conditions.^[26] Penetration metrics are derived from standardized trials against RHA plates, aligning with NATO interoperability requirements for anti-tank munitions evaluation.^[2]

Operational History

Service with Bundeswehr

The Panzerfaust 3 entered service with the Bundeswehr in 1987 following its development between 1978 and 1985 by Dynamit Nobel Defence, with official adoption by the reunified German Army in 1992 as the standard replacement for the aging Panzerfaust 44.^[5]^[27] This adoption process involved extensive testing to ensure compatibility with infantry tactics, marking a shift toward lightweight, disposable ammunition paired with a reusable launcher tube to enhance mobility and reduce logistical burdens.^[1] By 1992, it became the primary man-portable anti-tank weapon issued to infantry units, emphasizing ease of use for rapid deployment in defensive roles.^[10] In Bundeswehr doctrine, the Panzerfaust 3 serves as the core short-range anti-armor capability for dismounted troops and armored vehicle crews, complementing heavier guided systems like the MILAN for engagements beyond 600 meters.^[1]^[28] Training programs integrate the weapon into routine infantry exercises, focusing on shoulder-fired operations from confined spaces and urban settings to simulate close-quarters threats, with soldiers qualifying through live-fire drills that highlight its recoilless design and minimal back-blast requirements.^[18] Post-Cold War, the system has seen upgrades including the DM22 tandem warhead to counter reactive armor and integration of the Simrad IS2000 laser rangefinder sight by the early 2000s for improved targeting accuracy up to 600 meters against moving targets.^[1]^[29] Logistically, the Bundeswehr maintains stockpiles through periodic replenishment contracts, such as the 2022 order for 3,500 additional Panzerfaust 3-IT units with DM72A1 warheads to sustain readiness after international transfers.^[27] Annual training involves standardized firings for Panzergrenadier battalions, ensuring proficiency while the launcher's reusability supports cost-effective sustainment.^[30] The weapon's design also allows mounting on vehicles for crew defense, enhancing its versatility in mechanized operations without dedicated adapters.^[1]

International Combat Use

The Panzerfaust 3 saw its first combat deployment with the German Bundeswehr during operations in Afghanistan as part of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in the 2000s, where it proved effective against Taliban improvised armored vehicles and fortified positions in asymmetric warfare scenarios. Dutch forces, also equipped with the weapon, employed it similarly to neutralize enemy fighting positions during their ISAF rotations. This marked the system's transition from training and Cold War-era readiness to real-world engagements against lightly armored threats in rugged terrain.^[31]^[32] In the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Panzerfaust 3 gained prominence following large-scale donations from Germany and the Netherlands starting in early 2022, with over 3,000 units and 900 launchers delivered to Ukrainian forces by mid-2022. Ukrainian troops utilized it extensively in urban combat during the defense of Kyiv and subsequent counteroffensives, targeting Russian T-72 and T-80 tanks at close ranges typical of city fighting, where its portability and tandem warhead enabled rapid engagements against reactive armor. Videos and reports from the front lines documented multiple successful strikes, highlighting its role in halting armored advances in built-up areas and contributing to the destruction of dozens of vehicles early in the conflict. Its ease of use by territorial defense volunteers further amplified its impact in defensive operations.^[12]^[33]^[31] Despite these successes, the weapon has shown limitations against modern active protection systems (APS) on advanced tanks, as demonstrated in NATO exercises during the 2020s, where interceptors neutralized incoming projectiles before impact. Donations to Ukraine continued into 2023 and beyond, with Germany supplying additional units amid ongoing needs. By 2025, production ramped up under a new framework contract with Dynamit Nobel Defence to replenish stocks for the Bundeswehr and support NATO allies, including explorations for licensed manufacturing in Ukraine to sustain frontline supplies.^[34]^[7]^[35]

Operators

Primary Operators

The Bundeswehr of Germany serves as the primary originator and operator of the Panzerfaust 3, having developed the weapon between 1978 and 1985 for integration into its infantry anti-tank roles, with the system entering service in 1987 as a replacement for older recoilless rifles like the Panzerfaust 44. It remains a cornerstone of Bundeswehr close-combat capabilities against armored threats.^[1] The Royal Netherlands Army adopted the Panzerfaust 3 in the 1990s, incorporating it into anti-tank platoons within mechanized infantry battalions to provide portable, high-penetration firepower for NATO-aligned operations. This integration has supported Dutch forces in various multinational deployments, emphasizing the weapon's reliability in squad-level engagements. In May 2025, the Netherlands announced plans to replace the Panzerfaust 3 with the Carl Gustaf M4 recoilless rifle.^[36]^[1]^[9]

Export and Licensed Production

The Panzerfaust 3 has been exported to multiple countries since the late 1980s, primarily NATO allies and partners, with a focus on enhancing infantry anti-tank capabilities. Additional users include Austria, Belgium, and Iraq.^[4] The inaugural export contract was awarded to Japan in 1989, enabling licensed production by IHI Aerospace for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.^[4]^[37] In 1991, a German-Swiss agreement facilitated licensed manufacturing in Switzerland, allowing for localized assembly and integration into Swiss forces.^[37]^[10] Additional licensed production occurs in South Korea, where the system is manufactured under agreement for domestic use.^[10] Exports to Italy began in the mid-1990s, with orders completed as recently as 2013 to equip Italian army units, alongside deliveries to the Netherlands, Peru, and other nations.^[1]^[38] In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Germany supplied 3,000 Panzerfaust 3 units along with 900 reusable firing devices as part of its initial military aid package, with additional rounds such as 3,000 DM72A1 provided to support Ukrainian defenses.^[39]^[40] These transfers were coordinated under international aid efforts, subject to export controls under the Wassenaar Arrangement, which regulates conventional arms to prevent destabilizing accumulations.^[41]^[42] Recent developments include a 2024 agreement between Dynamit Nobel Defence and Ukrainian partners for potential licensed production of the Panzerfaust 3 in Ukraine, aimed at bolstering local manufacturing capacity amid ongoing conflict.^[43]^[44] This deal represents an extension of export partnerships into co-production, though full implementation details remain pending as of November 2025.^[45]

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[17]
DM32 Bunkerfaust supplied by Germany to Kurdish forces
Dec 2, 2014 · The Pzf 3 with the DM32 projectile is known as the Bunkerfaust. The Pzf 3 operates using the recoilless countermass (Davis) principle, resulting ...
[18]
[PDF] Projectile and Warhead Identification Guide- Foreign (U) - Bulletpicker
German 60/110-mm HEAT Projectile, Model PANZERFAUST 3 . ... Usually HEAT projectile - copper liner. Improved projectile - mostly Frag. Usually improved HVAP ...<|separator|>
[19]
Panzerfaust Weapon System - Defense Update:
Dec 5, 2005 · The Panzerfaust is a reusable rocket system, with the Panzerfaust 3 using a 110mm warhead, and the Panzerfaust 90 using a 90mm rocket. The ...
[20]
Panzerfaust 3-IT | Recoilless anti tank weapon - Defence Industries
The tandem warhead with a Penetrating Charge and a fragmentation Follow Through Grenade is also extremely effective against a variety of structures ranging ...
[21]
[PDF] JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Foreign Military Review, No. 12 ... - DTIC
May 11, 1988 · The design of another recently adopted handheld AT weapon, the Panzerfaust 3 (Fig. ... integrated designs in which the solid-fuel rocket booster.<|separator|>
[22]
110mm Pzf-3 DM12 Rocket - CAT-UXO
The Pzf-3 rocket can be fired from enclosed spaces since it does not have a significant back-blast, the rear of the tube, filled with plastic granulate, ...
[23]
Frag Out! Magazine - military and tactical magazine - Uberflip
... tube variant and overall length is 1100 mm. ALCOTÁN- 100(M2) is used in ... Few versions of Panzerfaust 3 (Pzf 3) with different warheads were developed.
[24]
RGW60 HEAT - Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH
Panzerfaust 3 · C2 Superiority · FIRE WEAVER · Fire Weaver · B-NET HH · B-NET V · Vehicle Protection · Counter Mobility Solutions · Fire Protection · Military ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[25]
Bundeswehr German army orders more Panzerfaust 3 antitank ...
Jul 25, 2022 · The latest version, the Panzerfaust 3-IT (Improved Tandem), features a tandem warhead that is particularly suitable for engaging combat vehicles ...
[26]
https://dn-defence.com/de/rgw-60/rgw-60-heat/
[27]
Panzerfaust 3 projects
Jul 25, 2023 · The firing tube is identical to that of the PzF 3. A sighting device with a laser and optics with sixfold magnification is attached to the ...Missing: components | Show results with:components
[28]
Germany Orders More Panzerfaust 3-IT Anti-Tank Rockets
Mar 3, 2021 · The bulk of the Bundeswehr may be sticking to Panzerfaust 3s for cost reasons. The RGW-series of launchers are fully disposable, with the ...
[29]
Panzerfaust 3: The Cold War weapon wrecking Russian tanks in ...
May 12, 2022 · ... 1978 to 1995, though the Panzerfaust 3 was accepted by the Bundeswehr in 1992. The modern Panzerfaust 3 is a tank-killing machine. It has ...
[30]
Korps Commandotroepen - Wikipedia
Used to great effect against improvised armored vehicles and fighting positions during the Dutch presence in Afghanistan (ISAF). Panzerfaust 3.<|control11|><|separator|>
[31]
https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/gearscout/2022/05/12/panzerfaust-3-the-cold-war-weapon-wrecking-russian-tanks-in-ukraine/
[32]
What weapons Germany is sending to Ukraine – DW – 05/10/2022
May 10, 2022 · Panzerfaust/Bunkerfaust. The Bundeswehr and other national armed forces use the standard Panzerfaust 3 for anti-tank purposes, manufactured by ...
[33]
German Army procuring new rockets for Panzerfaust anti-tank ...
Mar 5, 2021 · The Panzerfaust 3 has served as the standard bazooka of the German Armed Forces for a long time. The weapon was introduced in 1992 as the DM12 ...<|separator|>
[34]
Dynamit Nobel Defense from Germany Explores Co-Production of ...
Feb 20, 2024 · The Panzerfaust-3 is a modern, shoulder-fired, anti-tank weapon system developed by Germany in the late 20th century. Designed primarily for ...
[35]
Neuigkeiten - Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH
Bundeswehr beschafft Panzerfaust 3. Dynamit Nobel Defence hat vor kurzem vom Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr (BAAINBw) ...
[36]
The Netherlands will replace German grenade launchers with ...
May 17, 2025 · The new grenade launchers from Saab will replace the Panzerfaust 3, which have been in service with the Dutch army for about 30 years.Missing: adoption | Show results with:adoption
[37]
Panzerfaust 3 (PzF 3) - SALW Guide
### Global Distribution List of Panzerfaust 3 Operators
[38]
Panzerfaust 3 grenade launchers for Ukraine. Help with limited ...
Mar 10, 2022 · The first and main customer of "Panzerfaust-3" was the armed forces of Germany. In 1989, the first export contract was signed: Japan became the ...
[39]
Panzerfaust 3 Proves Effective against Russian Armor in Ukraine
Apr 12, 2022 · -- Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH maintains expectations for new export sales and Bundeswehr follow-on procurement of the Panzerfaust 3. However ...
[40]
Germany reveals list of weapons given to Ukraine - Ukrinform
Jul 13, 2022 · Germany reveals list of weapons given to Ukraine · 3,000 anti-tank weapons Panzerfaust 3 with 900 firing devices · 14,900 anti-tank mines · 500 Man ...
[41]
How Germany helps Ukranian Army: three military aid lists - Militarnyi
Nov 18, 2022 · 3,000 anti-tank weapons Panzerfaust 3 with 900 firing devices; 14,900 anti-tank mines; 500 Man Portable Air Defense Systems STINGER; 2,700 Man ...
[42]
The Wassenaar Arrangement at a Glance - Arms Control Association
The Wassenaar Arrangement, formally established in July 1996, is a voluntary export control regime whose 42 members [1] exchange information on transfers of ...
[43]
Control lists - The Wassenaar Arrangement
The Wassenaar Arrangement's Munitions List is published here separately for the specific purpose of informing and assisting non-WA countries.
[44]
Ukrainian Defense Industry Ramps Up with German Panzerfaust-3 ...
Feb 26, 2024 · Ukraine to produce Panzerfaust-3 anti-tank weapons, boosting defense via a major deal with Dynamit Nobel Defence.
[45]
German arms manufacturer to start producing Panzerfaust 3 in Ukraine
Feb 20, 2024 · In the second stage, licensed production in Ukraine is also possible," the Hartpunkt says. ... Possibility of Panzerfaust 3 production in Ukraine.<|control11|><|separator|>