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Plesk

Plesk is a commercial and server management platform designed for and Windows operating systems, enabling users to automate and manage websites, domains, , databases, DNS, and through an intuitive . It serves as an intermediary between server resources and end-users, simplifying tasks like configuration, permission setup, and resource allocation to reduce administrative overhead for hosting providers and individual site owners. Developed initially by Plesk Inc., a founded in 2000 by Dimitri Simonenko, Plesk's first public version was released in 2001, quickly gaining adoption among web hosts like Rackspace as its inaugural customer. In 2003, the company was acquired by SWsoft, which integrated Plesk into its virtualization and automation portfolio and rebranded to Parallels in 2008. In 2017, prior to Parallels' acquisition by Corel in 2018, Plesk, now part of the WebPros group, was spun off as an independent entity through a $105 million acquisition by Oakley Capital , allowing focused development on cloud-native features and tools. Plesk offers tiered editions tailored to different users: Web Admin Edition for basic site and domain management; Web Pro Edition for advanced tools like staging and version control; and Web Host Edition for service providers handling multiple clients with billing integration and reseller capabilities. Key features include AI-powered toolkit for automated testing, cloning, and security hardening; over 100 extensions for functionality like monitoring and backups; built-in and SSL management; and certification for major cloud providers such as AWS, , Google Cloud, and . The platform's current major release, (version 18), launched in 2018, emphasizes security enhancements, cross-platform compatibility, and seamless updates, with the latest update (18.0.74) as of November 2025 building on previous releases including 24.04 support introduced in 18.0.70 and improved CLI utilities.

Overview

Introduction

Plesk is a commercial web hosting and server data center automation software developed for Linux and Windows operating systems. Its primary purpose is to simplify the management of websites, domains, email, databases, and servers for hosting providers, resellers, and web professionals. The software targets retail hosting service providers, web developers, and system administrators who require efficient tools for server automation and infrastructure control. Plesk provides a web-based that serves as an intermediary between system services and users, enabling streamlined administration without deep command-line expertise. It supports deployment on virtual private servers (VPS) and dedicated servers, with compatibility for major operating systems including , , , and . Developed by Plesk International , the company maintains headquarters in , , and , , alongside offices in , ; , ; , ; and , . Plesk was created in 2000 by Dimitri Simonenko and initially released in 2001. The current major version, , was launched in 2019, with ongoing monthly updates; as of June 2025, version 18.0.70 introduced support for 24.04 and improved CLI utilities.

Key Features

Plesk provides a user-friendly web-based graphical designed for non-experts to manage hosting resources efficiently, featuring a centralized that simplifies tasks such as monitoring performance and configuring settings. This includes mobile applications for and , allowing users to access and control their servers remotely. In and management, Plesk enables users to add or remove domains and subdomains seamlessly, edit DNS zones for custom configurations, and utilize an integrated to upload, edit, and organize files directly through the . The platform supports moving domains between subscriptions and securing them with SSL certificates via extensions like SSL It!. For email and database tools, Plesk facilitates the creation of email accounts and mailing lists, with built-in support for webmail clients such as and , including auto-configuration for clients like and . It integrates database servers including /, , and , with for graphical database administration and management of remote connections. Email security features like DKIM, , and are configurable to protect against spoofing. Backup and restore functionalities in Plesk include automated scheduled backups with incremental options to minimize storage use, one-click restore capabilities, and integration with cloud services such as , , and for off-site storage. Application integration is streamlined through Plesk's Application Catalog, offering one-click installers for popular content management systems like and , alongside support for to facilitate code deployments and version tracking. The platform also accommodates runtime environments including , , , and containers for diverse application hosting needs. Plesk's interface supports multiple languages, including English, Russian, Spanish, German, Portuguese, and Japanese, among 32 total options, to accommodate global users. Advanced users can leverage automation scripts and (CLI) access, with utilities for tasks like creating entities, scheduling operations, and system updates, enabling scripted management of Plesk objects without relying on the .

History

Founding and Early Development

Plesk was founded in 2000 by Dimitri Simonenko in , , under the company Plesk Inc., with the aim of developing software to simplify web hosting . Simonenko, who had immigrated from to the , drew from his experiences in server administration to create a tool that addressed the complexities of managing multiple websites on shared servers. The software's initial development focused on automating routine tasks for shared hosting environments, providing a graphical that reduced reliance on command-line operations and made server accessible to non-experts. Rackspace became Plesk's first major customer, validating its utility in commercial hosting setups shortly after inception. The first official release occurred in for systems, marking Plesk's entry into the market as a commercial . In 2003, Plesk expanded to support Windows platforms with the release of version 6.5, optimized for , broadening its appeal to hosting providers using ecosystems. That same year represented a pivotal milestone when SWsoft acquired Plesk, integrating it with their Virtuozzo to enhance hosting automation capabilities across virtualized environments.

Acquisitions and Ownership Changes

In 2003, Plesk was acquired by SWsoft, a automation company, and integrated into its Hosting System (HSP) Complete to enhance hosting capabilities. By , SWsoft rebranded itself as Parallels, adopting the name of one of its acquired subsidiaries to unify its product portfolio under a single . In March 2015, Parallels restructured its service provider division, rebranding it as to focus on cloud services and hosting , with Plesk operating under this new entity. Later that year, in December 2015, following the sale of 's platform to , Plesk was relaunched as an independent business entity, separating from Parallels while retaining its core operations. In May 2017, Oakley Capital acquired Plesk from Parallels in a transaction valued at an enterprise worth of $105 million, enabling the company to operate autonomously and pursue aggressive growth. By 2018, Plesk became a founding member of the WebPros group under Oakley Capital's ownership, joining cPanel, WHMCS, XOVI, and SolusVM to form a unified SaaS platform for web hosting and server management. These ownership changes shifted Plesk's development priorities toward enhanced cloud integration and cross-platform compatibility, supporting broader adoption in diverse hosting environments. Plesk remains under WebPros ownership today.

Editions and Pricing

Available Editions

Plesk offers three primary editions tailored to different user needs, ranging from individual site management to enterprise-level hosting operations. These editions—Web Admin, Web Pro, and Web Host—provide progressive access to features, with higher tiers unlocking advanced capabilities such as enhanced tools and scalability options. The Web Admin Edition is designed for single users or small-scale website owners seeking straightforward management of personal or small sites. It supports up to 10 domains and includes basic tools for website administration, such as core security features and limited access to the Toolkit in its special edition variant. This edition focuses on simplicity, enabling the Power User View for individual control without functionalities. In contrast, the Web Pro Edition targets developers, freelancers, and agencies handling multiple projects. It accommodates up to 30 domains and builds on the Web Admin Edition by adding advanced features like full Toolkit for comprehensive management, integration for , and staging environments for safe testing and deployment. Additional capabilities include reseller accounts, and management, and the Service Provider View for more granular access controls. The Web Host Edition is optimized for hosting providers and resellers requiring robust scalability. It offers unlimited domains and reseller accounts, providing the complete feature set including all tools from lower editions plus subscription management and multi-server support for centralized oversight of multiple servers. This edition enables both and views, facilitating multi-tenant environments. The editions differ primarily in domain limits and feature availability, with Web Pro and Web Host progressively unlocking developer and hosting-specific tools not present in Web Admin, allowing users to select based on their operational scale. structures are aligned with these editions and detailed separately.

Licensing and Pricing Models

Plesk primarily offers subscription-based licensing, known as lease licenses, which are paid on a monthly or annual recurring basis and remain valid only while payments are current. These licenses require an activation key that is bound to the server's for validation and usage. Perpetual licenses, which involve a one-time purchase fee for indefinite use of a specific Plesk version, are no longer available for new customers but can be maintained for existing installations through the Software Update Service () for upgrades and patches. Pricing is structured around editions with tiered monthly rates in USD ( may apply), with annual subscriptions offering discounts; as of January 2025, the Web Admin Edition starts at $14.20 per month (regular $15.49), the Web Pro Edition at $24.74 per month (regular $26.99), and the Web Host Edition at $45.82 per month (regular $49.99). These rates reflect adjustments announced for renewals starting in 2025, and licensing limits, such as the number of domains or accounts, vary by edition. and plans feature custom with volume discounts up to 45%. A 14-day free trial is available without requiring a , allowing users to test the full feature set before committing to a paid . Plesk follows a lifecycle policy where major versions receive full support for at least four years from release, followed by extended support options for end-of-life operating systems through the Extended Lifecycle Support (ELS) program, which incurs additional fees—such as $11.39 to $17.08 per month for Web Host Edition on qualifying EOL OSes in 2025. The current major version receives regular security and feature updates, typically on a monthly basis via for perpetual licenses or included in subscriptions. Additional costs arise from the Plesk Extensions , where premium add-ons and feature packs—such as the Toolkit or Business & Collaboration Pack—are available for purchase beyond the core license, with pricing varying by extension and offering bundled discounts.

Functionality

Core Capabilities

Plesk facilitates server management through integrated tools for key resources such as CPU, , and disk usage, enabling administrators to track performance and receive notifications for thresholds via the Monitoring extension. User account creation is streamlined, allowing administrators to set up customer or accounts with defined permissions and roles directly from the control panel. For resellers, subscription handling automates the allocation of hosting resources, including assignments and service plan enforcement, to manage multiple client sites efficiently. Website deployment in Plesk supports multi-site hosting on a single server, where administrators can configure multiple domains and subdomains with isolated settings for each. It provides native support for scripting languages including and , with version management and application setup wizards to simplify deployment workflows. Python scripts are supported for basic execution with appropriate server configuration. Traffic statistics are accessible through built-in tools like for log-based analytics, alongside integration options for external services such as via code embedding in site files. Database workflows in Plesk enable automated creation, , and maintenance of or databases, with straightforward import and export functions using dump files for or backups. DNS allows of zones and such as A, MX, CNAME, and TXT entries through an intuitive interface, supporting on and Microsoft DNS on Windows. Email setup is automated through of mail servers supporting Postfix as the default for , including domain-level mail enablement, user creation, and filtering basics. Backup automation in Plesk allows for scheduled, granular backups of files, , and server settings, with options to select specific components for inclusion or exclusion to optimize storage. Integration with such as AWS S3 is supported via the Backup Manager's remote storage settings, enabling off-site storage and automated uploads for enhanced data protection. For scalability, Plesk supports clustered environments through (HA) configurations, where multiple nodes can share workloads, and provides basic load balancing via integration with external proxies or multi-server setups to distribute traffic across servers.

Security and Management Tools

Plesk provides robust built-in security features to protect servers and hosted websites from common threats. The integrated allows administrators to configure rules for controlling network access to services such as hosting, , and FTP, including options for country-based blocking. Fail2Ban integration serves as an intrusion prevention tool that monitors server logs for suspicious activity, automatically banning addresses associated with brute-force attacks on services like SSH, FTP, and ; it is enabled by default in Plesk Obsidian and configurable through the IP Address Banning interface. Additionally, two-factor authentication (2FA) is supported for all user accounts, including administrators, resellers, and customers, with the option to enforce it server-wide via the MFA extension. Certificate management in Plesk facilitates secure connections through SSL/TLS, with seamless integration of Let's Encrypt for issuing and automatically renewing free certificates; during installation, Plesk secures itself and the mail server with a default Let's Encrypt certificate, and users can request new ones or upload custom certificates via the SSL/TLS Certificates tool. For vulnerability scanning and web application protection, ModSecurity operates as an open-source web application firewall, inspecting HTTP requests and responses against customizable rulesets such as OWASP or Atomic Basic, which guard against SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and file injection attacks; it can run in detection-only mode for logging or full blocking mode. Malware detection is enhanced through the premium Imunify360 extension, which performs proactive scanning for infections, patches kernel vulnerabilities in real-time, and provides a dashboard for monitoring threats across the server. Access controls in Plesk emphasize granular permissions to prevent unauthorized actions. Role-based access allows administrators to define custom roles that limit functionality, such as restricting access to specific tools or domains for additional users; roles can be assigned when creating accounts and include permissions for applications, databases, and hosting features. blocking complements Fail2Ban by enabling manual additions to ban lists, while brute-force protection extends to all monitored services with adjustable thresholds for failed login attempts. The Plesk Extensions Catalog offers advanced security add-ons to further harden environments. Atomicorp provides comprehensive rulesets beyond the built-in options, including protections against denial-of-service attacks, real-time blacklists, and advanced threat intelligence for web application firewalls. Site Isolation enforces sandboxing by configuring environments and file permissions to prevent users from accessing files or databases belonging to other accounts, thereby isolating domains and reducing lateral movement risks during breaches. For compliance, Plesk supports foundational DSS requirements through tools for secure configuration, including the PCI Compliance Resolver utility that disables weak SSL/TLS ciphers, enforces strong encryption for remote access, and enables comprehensive logging and auditing of events; while Plesk itself is certified as DSS compliant for software vendors, server tuning involves steps like updating software, restricting file permissions, and monitoring access logs to meet merchant standards.

Support and Resources

Technical Support

Plesk provides technical support through multiple official channels for users holding direct licenses, including 24/7 email and ticket submissions via the support portal at support.plesk.com. This standard support tier is included at no additional cost for lease-type licenses and perpetual licenses with active Software Update Service (SUS), covering Plesk-related issues on supported versions. For higher-tier needs, premium phone and chat support is available, particularly for partners in the Plesk Partner Program, offering dedicated account managers and service level agreements (SLAs) with 24/7 availability in English and in other languages. Phone support lines include +1 855 777 3680 for US/ (English, 24/7), +49 221 98256068 for (German, Mon-Fri 9am-9pm CET), +34 932 20 19 68 for (Spanish, Mon-Fri 9am-9pm CET), and +81 036 75 74 533 for (Japanese, Mon-Fri 10am-6pm JST); and support is handled via tickets in those languages. The knowledge base at support.plesk.com features extensive help articles on migration, upgrades, and , complemented by community forums at talk.plesk.com for assistance and comprehensive API documentation at docs.plesk.com for developers integrating with Plesk's XML and APIs. is offered in English, Russian, , , , and to accommodate a global user base. Plesk maintains a version lifecycle policy where major releases like receive ongoing support, while older versions such as enter extended support for up to four years with security patches, followed by end-of-life (EOL) after six months of critical fixes; extended lifecycle support (ELS) is available for select operating systems, with support ending between 2027 and 2028 depending on the OS, via partnerships like TuxCare. Migration guides and assist users transitioning from EOL versions.

Plesk University

Plesk University is an official platform launched in 2016 to provide structured on Plesk products and services. Designed as a self-paced resource, it helps users master the platform's features through interactive content, fostering expertise in web hosting and server management. The platform features a variety of course types, including free modules on core topics such as Plesk installation, configuration, security best practices, and management via the WP Toolkit. Content is delivered in short, 15-20 minute video tutorials and interactive quizzes, with advanced modules available for specialized tools like SEO Toolkit and Repair Kit. These courses emphasize real-life scenarios and hands-on exercises to build practical skills. Certifications are a key component, with the Plesk Certified Professional program targeting advanced users through scenario-based exams that validate proficiency in areas like Plesk for or Windows. Successful completion grants official, shareable certificates, enhancing career prospects for certified individuals. Targeted at new users, hosting administrators, and developers, Plesk University promotes self-sufficiency by integrating educational pathways that align with common user workflows. It complements channels by equipping users with proactive knowledge to resolve issues independently. The platform receives regular updates, with new content added to match version releases, such as dedicated -specific modules covering expert-level administration and features.

Criticisms and Limitations

Common Criticisms

Plesk has faced criticism for its relatively high cost, particularly when compared to open-source alternatives such as , which can deter small-scale users or budget-conscious administrators seeking affordable hosting solutions. In late 2024, Plesk announced significant price increases for 2025, prompting complaints from users and leading some hosting providers to discontinue support for Plesk in favor of free alternatives. Users frequently note that the pricing structure includes additional fees for extensions and advanced features, making comprehensive use more expensive than initially anticipated. The uninstallation process is another point of contention, as Plesk's deep with the operating system often requires executing specialized removal scripts or, in some instances, a full OS reinstallation to eliminate residual components and avoid conflicts, complicating trial evaluations or switches to other panels. This complexity stems from Plesk's extensive modifications to system configurations, which are not always fully reversible through standard uninstall methods. As of July 2025, the official documentation recommends OS reinstallation to avoid unexpected behavior post-removal. Critics also point to the software's perceived bloat, with the interface appearing cluttered and resource-intensive on lower-end servers, leading to slower and higher demands than lighter alternatives. Furthermore, Plesk's tight dependencies on specific OS versions frequently result in issues during updates, such as unmet package dependencies that hinder installations or upgrades on distributions like or . User feedback often highlights inconsistencies in the , such as confusing navigation between global and domain-specific options, which can frustrate administrators during routine tasks. The extension marketplace has drawn complaints for its sluggish loading times and the prevalence of paid add-ons, limiting accessibility for users expecting a more seamless, inclusive experience.

Version History

Major Releases

Plesk's major releases have marked significant advancements in hosting , focusing on enhanced , , and integration with modern technologies. Prior to version 12, Plesk 10.4, released in late , introduced improvements in server administration, including better support for multi-server environments through extensions like Plesk Multi-Server for centralized . Plesk 12, launched on June 16, 2014, represented a pivotal update by introducing specialized licensing editions—Web Admin, Web Pro, Web Host, and VPS—tailored to different user needs, from individual site management to full hosting provider operations. It also debuted the WordPress Toolkit, enabling streamlined management of multiple WordPress installations, including bulk updates for cores, plugins, and themes to improve efficiency for web professionals. Support for Plesk 12 ended on January 1, 2019, after which no further updates or security patches were provided. Plesk Onyx (version 17.x), released on October 11, 2016, brought deeper integration with developer tools, including native support for via an extension for container management, for version control with and , and environments. It also added seamless integration for automated free SSL/TLS certificate issuance, enhancing security without manual configuration. End-of-life for Onyx occurred on April 20, 2021, concluding active development and extended support. Plesk Obsidian (version 18.x), launched on June 4, 2019, and current as of 2025, features a redesigned, responsive for improved across devices, along with AI-assisted tools such as the Sitejet AI Website Generator for automated site creation based on user prompts. It expands cloud integrations with platforms like AWS, Cloud, and for easier deployment and scaling. Obsidian remains actively supported, with updates planned through at least 2026 under Plesk's lifecycle policy.

Update Policy

Plesk maintains a structured update designed to ensure ongoing , stability, and feature improvements for its users. Major versions are released approximately every 2-3 years, while minor updates occur roughly every 1.5 months within a series, such as the 18.0.x line. Security patches are prioritized, with immediate delivery for critical vulnerabilities integrated into the regular update cycle; users can enable auto-update options to receive these automatically without manual intervention. The lifecycle for major versions includes active for 5 years following launch, during which full updates and technical assistance are provided, followed by 2 years of extended focused on critical fixes. tools are available to facilitate transitions to newer versions, ensuring continuity for users on installations. Updates are delivered through a one-click mechanism directly within the Plesk panel under Tools & Settings > Updates, allowing administrators to install the latest builds seamlessly from official repositories. As of November 2025, Plesk continues to be actively developed, with quarterly feature enhancements alongside routine security and maintenance updates, as evidenced by releases like 18.0.71 in August, 18.0.73 in October, and 18.0.74 in November.

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