Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Server

A is a , device, or system that provides resources, , services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a , typically operating within the client-server architecture where the server responds to client requests to facilitate tasks such as , processing, and sharing. This model enables centralized management of resources, including file servers for storing and retrieving files, print servers for managing printers, database servers for handling queries, and servers for directing traffic. Servers can function as either or software, with servers being physical machines—often rack-mounted or blade-style units—equipped with high-capacity components like multi-core CPUs, substantial , redundant arrays, and robust power supplies to ensure reliability and uptime for continuous operation. These setups prioritize features such as , through , and to support demanding workloads, while also incorporating cooling systems, network interface cards, and remote management tools for administration. On the software side, servers run specialized operating systems (e.g., or distributions) and applications tailored to specific services, such as web servers using protocols like HTTP/ to deliver webpages via software like or , or email servers managing SMTP and IMAP for message handling. Common types include application servers for executing business logic, DNS servers for resolving domain names to addresses, servers for intermediary traffic routing, and servers created through hypervisors to partition physical into multiple isolated environments, enhancing utilization. In modern computing, servers underpin essential infrastructure for businesses and the internet, powering everything from cloud-based services—where virtual instances scale on-demand—to hybrid setups combining on-premises hardware with remote cloud resources for improved flexibility, security, and disaster recovery. Their role extends to high-performance applications like AI processing on GPU servers and multiplayer gaming, ensuring secure, efficient data exchange across global networks while adhering to standards for compliance and monitoring.

Computing

Definition and function

In computing, a server is a software program or the on which it runs that provides specific services to other software programs or devices, known as clients, typically across a . This setup enables the server to act as a central point for delivering resources or performing tasks on behalf of clients, which initiate communication by sending requests. The client-server model is a foundational that partitions tasks between clients, which request services, and servers, which fulfill those requests through a request-response over a . Key characteristics include centralized provision of resources, where the server manages shared and to support multiple clients efficiently; , allowing servers to handle increasing loads by upgrading capacity independently; and reliability, designed to maintain continuous for responding to requests without interruption. In this model, clients do not typically share their own resources but instead rely on the server for functions like access or computation, promoting efficient distribution of workloads. Servers perform basic functions such as storing , processing incoming requests from clients—for example, retrieving web pages, transferring files, or executing computations—and facilitating resource sharing among networked devices. A simple client-server interaction can be described as follows: the client sends a request to the server via , the server processes it by accessing stored or performing the required , and then returns a response to the client, completing the exchange. Unlike systems where devices act interchangeably, servers are specifically optimized for , robust performance under load, and continuous , in contrast to general-purpose client devices focused on user interaction and lightweight processing.

History

The concept of servers originated in the with the advent of mainframe computers, which served as centralized resources for multiple users. The , announced in 1964 and first delivered in 1965, exemplified this shift by providing a family of compatible mainframes capable of handling diverse workloads in a unified architecture, effectively acting as early servers for and . These systems laid the groundwork for , where multiple users could access the mainframe simultaneously via terminals, as demonstrated by implementations like the University of Pittsburgh's time-sharing system on the starting in 1966. In the 1970s and 1980s, networking advancements transformed servers into interconnected entities. The , launched in 1969, evolved to support networked servers through protocols like the Network Control Protocol, but the pivotal development came with TCP/IP, standardized for in 1983, enabling reliable communication across diverse networks. Concurrently, Unix emerged as a foundational operating system for servers; developed at starting in 1969 and released as Version 7 in 1979, it supported multi-user environments on minicomputers, fostering widespread adoption in academic and research settings for its portability and robustness. The 1990s marked the rise of distributed and web-based servers, driven by the internet's commercialization. proposed HTTP in 1989 and implemented the first at in 1990, with the protocol formalized in 1991 to enable hypertext document sharing over networks. This spurred the growth of PC-based servers, as companies like introduced the first PC-based multiprocessor server in 1989 and dominated the market through the decade with scalable x86 systems. Similarly, entered the server space in the early 1990s, releasing systems with 80486 processors in 1990 and expanding into enterprise servers, capitalizing on direct sales to meet surging demand for affordable, networked . From the 2000s onward, servers evolved toward , cloud architectures, and distributed paradigms. , founded in 1998, released in 1999, introducing that allowed multiple operating systems to run on a single physical server, dramatically improving resource utilization. (AWS) launched in 2006 with services like Simple Storage Service (S3) and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), pioneering on-demand cloud servers and shifting infrastructure from owned hardware to scalable, pay-as-you-go models. The impact of , which posits that transistor density on doubles approximately every two years, enabled exponential increases in server density, allowing more computational power in compact forms to support these innovations. In the , the proliferation of (IoT) devices drove the adoption of edge servers, processing data closer to sources for low-latency applications, with early developments tracing to content delivery networks in the late but accelerating post-2010. Key milestones further shaped server evolution, including the 1983 implementation of the (DNS) by , which provided scalable addressing for networked servers via hierarchical domains, replacing flat host tables. The 2010s saw a shift to hyperscale data centers, with expanding its facilities since 2005 but scaling massively in the decade to support AI and search workloads, while Microsoft Azure's growth from 2010 onward emphasized global, high-density server farms for cloud services.

Hardware components

Server hardware consists of physical components engineered for high reliability, continuous operation, and scalability in data centers and enterprise environments. Central to this are processors and memory, which form the computational backbone, followed by storage, networking interfaces, chassis designs, and auxiliary elements like cooling and security modules. Processors in servers are typically multi-core CPUs optimized for parallel processing and workload distribution. Intel Xeon processors, such as those in the 6th Generation Scalable family, support up to 128 cores per socket with clock speeds reaching up to 4.3 GHz, enabling efficient handling of virtualization and database tasks. Similarly, AMD EPYC processors, including the 5th Generation 9965 model, provide up to 192 cores and a thermal design power of 500W, excelling in AI inference with up to 1.33 times the throughput of comparable Intel models. These CPUs incorporate features like error-correcting mechanisms and extended instruction sets to ensure stability under heavy loads. Random access memory (RAM) in servers predominantly uses error-correcting code (ECC) variants to maintain . employs Hamming codes and bits to detect and automatically correct single-bit errors caused by cosmic rays or electrical , preventing system crashes in mission-critical applications. Server configurations can scale RAM capacities to several terabytes per system, such as 1 TB or more using DDR5 modules, supporting memory-intensive workloads like . Storage subsystems balance capacity, speed, and using hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and advanced interfaces. HDDs offer high-capacity options at lower costs, ideal for archival , while SSDs provide faster read/write speeds for active data, reducing in transactional systems. is achieved through configurations, such as RAID 1 for mirroring or RAID 5/6 for parity-based protection against drive failures, ensuring data availability even if one or two disks fail. For high-speed access, NVMe interfaces leverage PCIe lanes to deliver up to 25 times the data transfer rate of SSDs, minimizing bottlenecks in enterprise databases and . Networking components facilitate low-latency interconnectivity between servers and external systems. , operating at 1 Gbps, serves as a standard for general-purpose connectivity via network interface cards (NICs), supporting reliable data transfer in most enterprise setups. For (HPC) and AI clusters, offers sub-100 nanosecond latency through (RDMA) and architecture, outperforming Ethernet in bandwidth-intensive scenarios like large-scale simulations. These NICs and associated switches are designed to handle high-throughput traffic with minimal packet loss. Server form factors dictate physical layout, , and thermal management. Rackmount servers, sized in 1U to 4U units for 19-inch racks, prioritize space efficiency and in data centers. Blade servers fit multiple compact modules into a shared , maximizing for up to dozens of nodes while centralizing resources. Tower servers resemble standalone , suiting small-scale deployments with simpler installation. Cooling systems, including high-velocity fans for and liquid cooling for high-density heat dissipation, prevent overheating in intensive operations. Power supplies often feature redundant, hot-swappable units to avoid from failures. Specialized hardware augments core capabilities for specific demands. Graphics processing units (GPUs), such as NVIDIA's A100 Tensor Core, accelerate compute-intensive tasks like and simulations, delivering up to 5 petaFLOPS in certified server systems for training. Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) chips provide hardware-based by storing keys and performing checks during boot, safeguarding against and unauthorized access in server environments.

Operating systems and software

Servers primarily run operating systems optimized for stability, security, and resource efficiency to handle continuous workloads and multiple concurrent users. distributions dominate server environments due to their open-source nature, customizability, and robust performance. Popular choices include Server, known for its releases that provide up to five years of free security updates and extensive community backing, making it suitable for hosting and deployments. (RHEL) offers enterprise-grade stability with a 10-year lifecycle, certified for mission-critical applications, and is widely used in data centers for its compliance features and vendor support. Other Unix-like variants, such as , emphasize reliability and networking capabilities, often deployed in high-traffic environments like firewalls and file servers due to its advanced filesystem for . Windows Server provides seamless integration with Microsoft ecosystems, supporting for centralized management and .NET applications, which is essential for enterprises relying on Windows-based software stacks. It includes built-in features like for directly from the OS, reducing dependency on third-party tools. Server software stacks form the backbone for delivering services, with web servers like handling dynamic content via modules for scripting languages such as , and serving as a foundational component in LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) environments. excels in high-concurrency scenarios as a lightweight and load balancer, efficiently managing static file delivery and traffic distribution for large-scale websites. Middleware solutions, including , enable Java-based web applications by implementing servlet and JSP specifications, often integrated with front-end servers like for optimized performance. Virtualization and containerization enhance server efficiency by abstracting resources and enabling multi-tenancy. Hypervisors such as KVM, integrated into the , allow a host system to run multiple virtual machines with near-native performance, supporting features like for in cloud infrastructures. Microsoft's , a type-1 , facilitates VM management on , offering shielded VMs for enhanced security and integration with for hybrid setups. For containerization, packages applications into isolated environments, promoting portability and scalability on servers without the overhead of full VMs. orchestrates these containers across clusters, automating deployment, scaling, and to manage architectures effectively. Configuration and monitoring tools are essential for server administration. (SSH) provides encrypted remote access for command execution and , forming the standard for server management. Tools like collect and query time-series metrics for real-time alerting, supporting multi-dimensional data models for infrastructure . offers comprehensive of hosts and services, using plugins to check and thresholds via protocols like SSH. Licensing models for server software vary between open-source and proprietary approaches, influencing cost and flexibility. Open-source options like distributions and follow permissive licenses (e.g., GPL or ), allowing free modification and distribution but requiring community or paid support for enterprises. Proprietary systems, such as , use subscription-based licensing with CALs (Client Access Licenses) for user/device access, ensuring vendor-managed updates and compliance tools. Patch management is critical for security; open-source projects rely on automated tools like yum/dnf in RHEL for timely updates, while proprietary environments use integrated systems like to deploy patches systematically, minimizing vulnerabilities.

Types of servers

Servers are categorized into various types based on their primary functions, enabling specialized roles in network environments such as , content delivery, and real-time processing. These classifications build on the client-server model, where servers respond to client requests tailored to specific tasks like or web hosting. Common types include file and print servers for , web and application servers for internet services, database servers for data handling, mail and servers for communication and optimization, and servers for interactive , and emerging variants like and servers for modern distributed systems. File and print servers focus on centralized storage and resource sharing within networks. File servers store data on central repositories and allow multiple clients to access, read, and write files remotely, often using protocols such as (NFS) for systems, which enables transparent file access across distributed environments, or Server Message Block () for Windows ecosystems, supporting , , and opportunistic locking to prevent conflicts. Print servers extend this by managing networked printers, queuing print jobs from multiple users, and handling tasks like and driver distribution to ensure efficient printer utilization without requiring direct client-printer connections. These servers are essential in settings for collaborative work, such as shared access in offices. Web and application servers handle the delivery of web content and execution of dynamic applications. Web servers process HTTP and HTTPS requests to serve static files like HTML pages, images, and scripts, with popular implementations including , which supports modular extensions for and SSL/TLS encryption, and (IIS) from , integrated with Windows for seamless authentication and performance monitoring. Application servers complement this by running server-side logic for dynamic content generation, using technologies like , an interpreted embedded in web servers to produce from database queries, or , a runtime built on Chrome's for asynchronous, event-driven applications handling concurrent requests efficiently. For instance, e-commerce sites rely on these to personalize user experiences through real-time data processing. Database servers manage structured data storage, retrieval, and manipulation, supporting both relational and non-relational models. They use SQL-based systems like MySQL, an open-source relational database that employs structured query language for data definition and operations, with built-in query optimization techniques such as index usage and execution plan analysis to enhance performance on large datasets while ensuring ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties for transaction reliability. NoSQL alternatives like MongoDB handle unstructured data via document-oriented storage, offering flexible schemas and horizontal scaling, yet providing multi-document ACID transactions since version 4.0 to maintain data integrity in distributed setups. These servers power applications requiring robust querying, such as financial systems where query optimization reduces response times from seconds to milliseconds. Mail and proxy servers facilitate communication and optimization. Mail servers messaging using protocols like SMTP for sending emails, as implemented in Postfix, a secure and fast mail transfer agent that queues and delivers messages while supporting anti-spam features, and IMAP for retrieving and managing emails on servers, allowing synchronized access across devices without local storage. Proxy servers, such as , act as intermediaries for client requests, caching frequently accessed to reduce usage by serving local copies instead of fetching from origin servers, thereby saving up to 50% in data transfer for repetitive accesses in organizational networks. These are critical for secure email delivery in businesses and efficient in bandwidth-constrained environments. Game and media servers support interactive and experiences with emphasis on performance. Game servers host multiplayer sessions, processing player inputs and synchronizing game states with low latency to minimize lag, as seen in servers that use for peer connections and custom protocols to handle world updates for thousands of concurrent users. Media servers enable streaming of audio and video content, often employing (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) for low-latency delivery of live or on-demand , where servers ingest streams from encoders and distribute them to clients via adaptive bitrate to maintain quality over varying network conditions. These servers underpin online gaming communities and video platforms, ensuring sub-second response times for immersive user engagement. Emerging types address demands from distributed and . Edge servers process data near the source in deployments, reducing by handling computations on gateways rather than remote clouds, which is vital for applications like smart cities where on sensor data prevent delays in . servers incorporate specialized hardware like Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), custom from designed for matrix multiplications in workloads, accelerating training and inference up to 100 times faster than CPUs for tasks such as image recognition in data centers. These advancements enable scalable, low- at the network periphery, supporting the growth of autonomous systems and in industry.

Deployment and management

Server deployment encompasses various models tailored to organizational needs, balancing , , and . On-premises deployment involves hosting servers within an organization's physical centers, providing full over and but requiring significant upfront investment in and . In contrast, deployment, particularly (IaaS) models like , allows organizations to provision virtual servers and resources over the , offering elasticity and reduced responsibilities. Hybrid setups integrate on-premises with or private environments, enabling seamless flow and workload migration, such as "lift and shift" strategies where applications move between local and resources. This model supports agility by provisioning resources across environments while optimizing . Effective server management relies on tools to streamline configuration and operations across deployments. and are widely used open-source platforms for infrastructure ; employs agentless, YAML-based playbooks for task orchestration, while uses declarative manifests to enforce desired system states. These tools facilitate consistent server provisioning and updates, reducing manual errors in large-scale environments. For , load balancing distributes traffic across multiple servers using tools like , which handles /HTTP balancing and health checks, often paired with failover clustering via Keepalived to automatically redirect traffic during node failures. Security is integral to server deployment, incorporating layered defenses to protect against threats. Firewalls such as in environments filter network traffic based on predefined rules, blocking unauthorized access at the level. protocols like SSL/TLS secure , ensuring for communications between servers and clients. Access controls, including (RBAC), limit permissions to authorized users based on roles, minimizing insider risks. Intrusion detection systems like Snort monitor network traffic for suspicious patterns, alerting administrators to potential attacks in real-time. Monitoring and maintenance ensure server reliability and quick issue resolution. Tools like provide comprehensive monitoring of server metrics, including CPU, memory, and disk usage, with built-in templates for popular operating systems to track uptime and performance. For instance, Zabbix's system.uptime item key measures operational duration, enabling alerts for . Backup strategies involve full backups for complete data snapshots and incremental backups that capture only changes since the last backup, often using for efficient across local or remote systems. These approaches, combined with tools like Relax-and-Recover (ReaR), support by generating bootable rescue images. Scalability techniques allow to handle growing workloads without service interruptions. Vertical scaling enhances a single server's capacity by upgrading , such as increasing CPU or , suitable for applications with limited distribution needs but bounded by physical limits. Horizontal scaling, or scale-out, achieves greater flexibility by adding more servers to a , distributing load via mechanisms like load balancers, which supports unlimited growth in distributed environments. This method is particularly effective for cloud-based deployments, where auto-scaling policies dynamically adjust instance counts based on demand.

Energy consumption and environmental impact

Servers in data centers typically consume between 200 and 500 watts per unit under standard operational loads, depending on and workload intensity. Globally, data centers accounted for approximately 1.5% of total electricity consumption in 2023, totaling around 415 terawatt-hours, with projections indicating growth driven by increasing computational demands. This power usage contributes to significant environmental strain, as data centers are responsible for about 0.5% of global CO2 emissions, primarily from reliance on fossil fuel-based . Cooling systems represent a major portion of data center energy overhead, often exceeding 40% of total power draw. Traditional air cooling, which circulates conditioned air through server racks, is energy-intensive due to the need for constant fan operation and climate control, whereas immersion cooling—submerging servers in non-conductive dielectric fluids—can reduce cooling energy by up to 50% by enabling more efficient heat transfer. Efficiency is commonly measured by Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), the ratio of total facility energy to IT equipment energy; the global average PUE is around 1.58, though leading facilities achieve values below 1.2, approaching the theoretical ideal of 1.0. Environmental impacts extend beyond energy to include water usage for evaporative cooling, averaging 1.8 liters per kilowatt-hour across the industry, and electronic waste from frequent hardware upgrades, which generates toxic materials like lead and mercury that contaminate soil and water if not properly managed. Mitigation strategies focus on enhancing efficiency and . ENERGY STAR certifications for enterprise servers mandate and efficient power supplies, ensuring qualified models reduce use by at least 10-20% compared to non-certified counterparts. Major operators like are integrating sources, aiming for 24/7 carbon-free operations across all data centers by 2030 through investments in , and advanced matching of clean to hourly demand. Emerging trends include the adoption of ARM-based processors, which offer up to 60% better for AI workloads compared to traditional x86 architectures, and AI-optimized low-power designs that prioritize performance-per-watt metrics to minimize overall . These advancements, combined with e-waste recycling programs, help offset the sector's growing demands while promoting a shift toward greener .

Other uses

In hospitality

In the hospitality industry, a , also known as a waiter or , is a frontline member who attends to customers in restaurants, cafes, and similar dining establishments by taking orders, serving and beverages, and processing payments. This role ensures a smooth dining experience, often involving greeting patrons, explaining menu options and daily specials, and addressing inquiries about ingredients or preparation methods. Servers' responsibilities extend beyond basic to include providing menu recommendations based on customer preferences, setting up and clearing tables, and coordinating with and staff to time deliveries efficiently. They also handle customer complaints diplomatically, maintain hygiene standards by sanitizing surfaces and adhering to health protocols, and process bills while items like desserts or drinks to enhance satisfaction. In high-volume settings, servers may manage multiple tables simultaneously, requiring strong multitasking and communication skills to keep flowing without delays. The role varies significantly by establishment type; in fine dining restaurants, servers often specialize in personalized service, such as as sommeliers to recommend wines from an extensive , memorizing menus including pairings, and delivering courses with precise timing to create an elegant atmosphere. In contrast, fast casual venues emphasize speed, with servers handling counter orders, quick assembly of meals, and minimal table interaction, focusing on efficient throughput rather than prolonged engagement. Servers typically work shifts that include evenings, weekends, and holidays, with compensation often relying on ; in the United States, the federal tipped remains $2.13 per hour as of 2025, provided tips bring total earnings to at least the standard minimum of $7.25 per hour. Training for servers emphasizes and proficiency, with certifications like Food Handler—administered by the —covering topics such as preventing foodborne illnesses, proper storage, and sanitation practices, and requiring a passing score of 75% on a 40-question exam. Many employers mandate this or equivalent training to comply with health regulations. Cultural differences influence styles; in , servers often adopt a more formal, unhurried approach with less frequent check-ins to allow leisurely dining, whereas U.S. service tends to be proactive and attentive due to tip-driven incentives. Post-COVID-19, server roles have evolved with the adoption of contactless ordering systems, such as menus and app-based payments, which reduce physical interactions and allow customers to place orders directly from their devices, minimizing server involvement in initial steps while shifting focus to and . Additionally, the has expanded server opportunities through platforms like , where independent contractors—known as Dashers—act as delivery servers, picking up and transporting meals on flexible schedules without traditional employment ties.

In sports

In racket sports, the server initiates play by striking the ball or shuttlecock over the net into the opponent's court, adhering to specific rules that emphasize precision, positioning, and technique. This action is fundamental to tennis, volleyball, and badminton, where serving can determine the rally's momentum and scoring opportunities. In tennis, the server stands behind the baseline and delivers an overhand strike with the racket after tossing the ball, aiming for the diagonally opposite service box. Common techniques include the flat serve, which prioritizes speed and direct trajectory for power; the slice serve, imparting sidespin to curve the ball and skid low upon landing; and the kick serve, using topspin to create high bounce and difficulty in return. A successful serve that lands in bounds and remains untouched by the receiver is termed an ace, awarding an immediate point. Violations, such as a foot fault—where the server touches the baseline or court interior before striking the ball—result in a fault, with two consecutive faults losing the point. If the ball clips the net but lands in the service box (a let), the serve is replayed without penalty, a rule codified since the sport's early standardization in the 19th century to ensure fairness. In professional play, gender differences are evident, with men's average first-serve speeds exceeding women's by approximately 27 km/h due to biomechanical factors like greater upper-body torque. Volleyball serving occurs from the back-right service zone, where the player can execute an underhand or overhand hit after a toss or release to start the , with the ball crossing the into the opponent's court. Faults include stepping beyond the zone during contact or delaying the serve beyond eight seconds after the referee's signal, resulting in a point for the opponents. In badminton, the serve is strictly underhand and low, struck below the server's with the racket shaft pointing downward, directing the diagonally into the opponent's service court to begin the . Faults occur if the shuttle lands outside the court or if the stroke exceeds waist height, leading to a point loss under rally-point scoring. Equipment for these serves includes rackets strung at 50-60 lbs tension in tennis to balance power and control, allowing for explosive serves while minimizing vibration. Tennis balls are pressurized and felt-covered to achieve a consistent bounce of 53-58 inches on first impact from 100 inches height, per ITF specifications, aiding predictable trajectory. Notable examples include Australian Sam Groth's record 263 km/h flat serve in a 2012 Challenger event, showcasing peak power potential. Players often train for shoulder strength through rotator cuff exercises to prevent common serve-related injuries like impingement, emphasizing endurance in overhead motions.

In religion and ceremonies

In Christian liturgical traditions, particularly within Catholicism, an is a lay assistant who supports the during services such as the by performing tasks like carrying candles, ringing bells, and responding to prayers alongside the congregation. These servers also assist in bringing forward the gifts of bread and wine and join in the hymns and chants of the . In Protestant denominations like Anglican and Lutheran churches, servers similarly aid in processions by carrying crosses and candles, lighting altar candles, and preparing the elements for the , though practices vary by congregation and emphasize active participation in . traditions feature untonsured altar servers, typically young males, who assist within the by handling liturgical items during the , such as fans, candles, and processional crosses, while maintaining strict separation from the Holy Table. The role of the altar server evolved from the minor order of in , with the earliest mentions dating to 251 AD in records of church orders that included acolytes among clerical roles like lectors and exorcists. By the third century, acolytes were recognized as a formal minor order assisting at , a practice that persisted through the as a step toward higher . The Second (1962–1965) significantly expanded lay involvement in the , transforming the acolyte role from a clerical order to an instituted lay ministry and opening opportunities for broader participation beyond ordained men. Duties of altar servers center on preparing and maintaining , including setting out vessels like the and paten, assisting with , and clearing items after , with these responsibilities adapted to the specific rite—more formalized in Catholic and settings compared to the flexible approaches in many Protestant services. Training typically occurs through youth programs in parishes, involving instruction on liturgical procedures, reverence, and coordination, often starting in elementary school for children who have received basic sacraments. Attire includes vestments such as the and for a unified appearance, or an in some traditions, symbolizing purity and equality in service. Post-Vatican II reforms promoted greater inclusivity, with the enabling lay ministers of either gender, and by 1994, explicitly permitted in Catholic dioceses, a practice that had already emerged in some areas during the . This shift toward gender-neutral roles was further affirmed in 2021 when revised to formally include women as instituted acolytes. In the , such inclusivity has long been standard, with both boys and girls serving worldwide in diverse cultural contexts, from the to provinces in and , fostering lay involvement across global Anglican practices.

Other meanings

In legal contexts, a server, commonly known as a , is an individual or official responsible for delivering legal documents such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, and court orders to the parties involved in a . This role ensures that defendants or respondents are properly notified of , often performed by sheriffs, deputies, or licensed private professionals who must adhere to jurisdictional rules for .

References

  1. [1]
    What is a Server? | Definition from TechTarget
    Nov 20, 2024 · A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer program and its user, also known as the client.
  2. [2]
    Server - Glossary | CSRC - NIST Computer Security Resource Center
    A server is a computer or device on a network that manages network resources, such as file, print, network, or database servers.
  3. [3]
    What Is a Server? | Definition, Types, and Features - ServerWatch
    Sep 15, 2023 · A server is a specialized computer or software system designed to provide services, data, or resources to other computers, known as clients, over a network.What does a server do? · Components of a server · Features of a server
  4. [4]
    What is a server? Definition and function explained - IONOS
    Sep 25, 2025 · Server definition (hardware): A hardware-based server is a physical machine connected to a computer network, running one or more software-based ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  5. [5]
    Server Definition - The Linux Information Project
    May 16, 2005 · A server is a a software program, or the computer on which that program runs, that provides a specific kind of service to client software ...
  6. [6]
    Server - Glossary - MDN Web Docs
    Jul 11, 2025 · A server is a software or hardware offering a service to a user, usually referred to as client. A hardware server is a shared computer on a network.
  7. [7]
    Client/Server Definition - The Linux Information Project
    Nov 26, 2005 · The client/server model is an architecture (i.e., a system design) that divides processing between clients and servers that can run on the same ...
  8. [8]
    What Is Client-Server Architecture? - Coursera
    Oct 3, 2024 · Client-server architecture refers to a network where many devices connect to a centralized server, allowing users to access different stored data and perform ...
  9. [9]
    Client-Server Architecture - System Design - GeeksforGeeks
    Jul 23, 2025 · In this model, clients are devices or programs that make requests for services or resources, while the server is a powerful machine or software ...What is Client-Server... · Key Components of Client... · Frameworks and Tools for...
  10. [10]
    Client–server technologies - Isaac Computer Science
    The client–server model is a paradigm where providers of resources are designated as servers, and resource requesters are designated as clients.
  11. [11]
    Client/Server Concepts
    Essentially, a client is a consumer of services, and a server provides services. Thus the term 'client' could be more accurately defined as 'service requester' ...Introduction · Client/server Architectures · Platform Choices<|control11|><|separator|>
  12. [12]
    The IBM System/360
    The IBM System/360, introduced in 1964, ushered in a new era of compatibility in which computers were no longer thought of as collections of individual ...
  13. [13]
    The Pitt time-sharing system for the IBM system 360
    The University of Pittsburgh has developed a console-based Time-Sharing System, and has had it in service since March of 1966. This paper is to serve as a ...
  14. [14]
    A Brief History of the Internet - Internet Society
    In December 1970 the Network Working Group (NWG) working under S. Crocker finished the initial ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol, called the Network Control ...Origins Of The Internet · The Initial Internetting... · Transition To Widespread...
  15. [15]
    The UNIX System -- History and Timeline
    Unix was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its development makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story.
  16. [16]
    A short history of the Web | CERN
    By the end of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had the first Web server and browser up and running at CERN, demonstrating his ideas. He developed the code for his Web ...Missing: Dell | Show results with:Dell
  17. [17]
    Compaq | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica Money
    Oct 30, 2025 · Compaq was an American computer manufacturer that started as the first maker of IBM-compatible portable computers and quickly grew into the world's best- ...Missing: commercialization | Show results with:commercialization
  18. [18]
    The Golden Age of Dell Computers | PCMag
    Aug 11, 2017 · In 1990, Dell released its first systems shipping with server-class Intel 80486 CPUs, which were considered monstrously powerful at the time.
  19. [19]
    https://www.companieshistory.com/vmware/
  20. [20]
    Our Origins - Amazon AWS
    we launched Amazon Web Services in the spring of 2006, to rethink IT infrastructure completely so that anyone—even a kid in a college dorm room—could access the ...Our Origins · Overview · Find Out More About The...
  21. [21]
    Press Kit: Moore's Law - Intel Newsroom
    Moore's Law is the observation that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit will double every two years with minimal rise in cost.
  22. [22]
    A brief history of edge computing - TechRepublic
    Oct 21, 2022 · Edge computing originated with Akamai in 1998 to solve web congestion, decentralizing data management and shifting from centralized servers.
  23. [23]
    Celebrating 30 Years Of The Domain Name System (DNS) This Month!
    Nov 25, 2013 · Thirty years ago this month, in November 1983, two RFCs were published that defined the critical Internet service that we now take for granted and use every ...
  24. [24]
    Hyperscale Data Centers: Amazon, Microsoft and Google - Dgtl Infra
    Oct 30, 2020 · We provide an overview of how hyperscale data centers fit in to the broader data center landscape, why Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Facebook and ...
  25. [25]
    Intel® Xeon® Processors - Server, Data Center, and AI Processors
    Find the latest list of Intel® Xeon® processors, plus specifications, benchmarks, features, Intel® technology, reviews, pricing, and where to buy.Missing: EPYC | Show results with:EPYC
  26. [26]
    AMD EPYC™ Processors
    ### Summary of AMD EPYC Server Processors
  27. [27]
    What is ECC memory?
    ### Summary of ECC Memory in Servers
  28. [28]
    Memory Matters: A Dive into the World of Computer and Server RAM
    Jan 6, 2025 · The first commercial RAM module had a whopping 16 KB of capacity. Modern servers? 1 TB or more isn't unusual. DDR stands for Double Data Rate, ...
  29. [29]
    Understanding SSD Technology: NVMe, SATA, M.2
    NVMe technology provides superior storage, superior speed and superior compatibility. Because NVMe utilizes PCIe sockets, it transfers 25x more data than ...
  30. [30]
    What is RAID (redundant array of independent disks)? - TechTarget
    Mar 13, 2025 · RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or solid-state drives (SSDs)
  31. [31]
    InfiniBand vs. Ethernet: What Are the Differences? - FS.com
    Aug 23, 2025 · InfiniBand is ideal for large-scale AI training clusters, HPC environments, and applications that require extremely low latency and high ...
  32. [32]
    Which Server Form Factor Should You Choose: Blade, Tower, or Rack? | Servermall Blog
    ### Summary of Server Form Factors
  33. [33]
    NVIDIA Certified Systems
    NVIDIA-Certified Systems enable enterprises to confidently deploy hardware solutions that securely and optimally run their modern accelerated workloads.
  34. [34]
    How the TPM will protect computing devices over the next 25 years
    Aug 27, 2025 · Using a TPM helps to protect a user's identity and sensitive data by storing the keys crucial to encryption, decryption and authentication.Missing: GPUs intensive
  35. [35]
    Server Software Guide for Setting up a Server | phoenixNAP KB
    Apr 17, 2025 · Types of Servers. Web Server; Application Server; Mail Server; Database Server; DNS Server; Proxy Server; DHCP Server; File Server; Gaming ...
  36. [36]
    Server | Technology Glossary Definitions - G2
    Mar 1, 2023 · Types of servers ; DNS servers · IP addresses ; File servers · Network-Attached Storage ; Web servers · HTTP ...What Is A Server? · Why Are Servers Used? · Types Of ServersMissing: documentation | Show results with:documentation
  37. [37]
    Microsoft SMB Protocol and CIFS Protocol Overview - Win32 apps
    Jul 9, 2025 · The Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol is a network file sharing protocol, and as implemented in Microsoft Windows is known as Microsoft SMB Protocol.
  38. [38]
    NFS vs SMB vs CIFS: File storage protocols defined
    Oct 4, 2022 · NFS has no fast file find; SMB has fast find. NFS no server and printer browsing, while SMB has server and printer browsing. NFS slower ...
  39. [39]
    NFS vs SMB: Differences Explained - NAKIVO
    Jan 18, 2023 · SMB (Server Message Block) is a file-sharing protocol providing access to shared data over the network. It is widely used in Windows ...What Is SMB Protocol? · What Is NFS Protocol? · NFS vs SMB – Features...
  40. [40]
    Web Server Software List and Servers Comparison | Linode Docs
    Dec 3, 2021 · Use this helpful web servers list to build your website. Our guide includes a list of web server names and comparisons between them.
  41. [41]
    What's the Difference Between MongoDB and MySQL? - Amazon AWS
    Indexing support. MySQL and MongoDB use indexing to improve query speeds and performance. Indexes are database structures that link to frequently accessed data.
  42. [42]
    Chapter 6. Configuring the Squid caching proxy server | 8
    This chapter describes how to set up Squid as a proxy for the HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocol, as well as authentication and restricting access.
  43. [43]
    RTMP Server: The Ultimate Streaming Solution - Castr
    Jul 2, 2023 · RTMP servers are a powerful streaming solution that offers low-latency streaming, minimal buffering, and adaptive bitrate streaming.
  44. [44]
    How do edge AI systems ensure low-latency processing? - Milvus
    A key factor in achieving low latency is the use of hardware optimized for AI workloads. Edge devices often incorporate specialized processors like GPUs, TPUs ...
  45. [45]
    What's the Difference Between Public Cloud and Private Cloud?
    A private cloud deployment model is only suitable for very large organizations that already have multiple data centers and existing infrastructure management ...Missing: IaaS | Show results with:IaaS
  46. [46]
    Iaas, Paas, Saas: What's the difference? - IBM
    IaaS can facilitate the deployment of resources across hybrid cloud environments. For instance, IaaS supports "lift and shift" migration, where workloads are ...
  47. [47]
    What is Hybrid Cloud? - IBM
    Hybrid cloud combines and unifies public cloud, private cloud, and on-premises infrastructure to create a single, flexible, cost-optimal IT infrastructure.Missing: vs | Show results with:vs
  48. [48]
    Hybrid Cloud Advantages & Disadvantages - IBM
    Agility and scalability​​ Hybrid cloud supports agility by rapidly provisioning computer resources, whether those resources are housed in an on-premises data ...
  49. [49]
    Ansible documentation: Ansible Community
    Ansible community documentation can help you configure most operating systems, deploy software, and orchestrate advanced workflows to support application ...Ansible Community... · Red Hat Ansible Automation... · Installing Ansible · Users
  50. [50]
    Puppet Documentation | Puppet Help
    Learn how to get started and access user documentation for the latest version of Puppet Enterprise.Puppet Forge · Puppet Core · Puppet Enterprise (PE) | 2025.6 · Bolt
  51. [51]
    Ansible vs. Puppet: What you need to know - Red Hat
    Nov 28, 2022 · Ansible and Puppet are community open source IT automation tools. Both can simplify IT operations and DevOps work by automating routine tasks.How Ansible And Puppet... · Automation Terms To Know · Red Hat Resources
  52. [52]
    1.3. keepalived and haproxy | Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 7
    Using the speed and scalability of HAProxy to perform load balancing for HTTP and other TCP-based services in conjunction with Keepalived failover services, ...
  53. [53]
    [PDF] Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide
    Sep 12, 2025 · This book assists users and administrators in learning the processes and practices of securing workstations and servers against local and ...
  54. [54]
    Server Monitoring - Zabbix
    Monitor all possible server performance metrics and incidents with out-of-the-box Zabbix templates for popular servers and operating systems.Español (LA) · 日本語 · Русский · 中文
  55. [55]
    Uptime Monitoring of Zabbix Server
    Aug 8, 2018 · If you want to monitor the uptime of each server using the Zabbix agent, an item key called system.uptime is provided.
  56. [56]
    Using rsync to manage backup, restore, and file synchronization
    Aug 12, 2020 · Rsync is a tool for copying files. However, it's much more powerful than that. So it's no surprise that it's a favorite of many systems administrators.Missing: strategies | Show results with:strategies
  57. [57]
    Chapter 27. Relax-and-Recover (ReaR) | Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 7
    To ensure that a full backup is done regularly in addition to incremental backups, add this line: FULLBACKUPDAY="Day" FULLBACKUPDAY="Day". Show more Show ...Missing: strategies | Show results with:strategies
  58. [58]
    Scaling Your Amazon RDS Instance Vertically and Horizontally
    Oct 10, 2016 · Vertical scaling refers to adding more capacity on your storage and compute of your current RDS instance. In contrast, horizontal scaling refers ...
  59. [59]
    Horizontal scaling - AWS Well-Architected Framework
    A "horizontally scalable" system is one that can increase capacity by adding more computers to the system. This is in contrast to a "vertically scalable" system ...Missing: server | Show results with:server
  60. [60]
    Architecting for Reliable Scalability | AWS Architecture Blog
    Nov 3, 2020 · Horizontal scaling, commonly referred to as scale-out, is the capability to automatically add systems/instances in a distributed manner in order ...
  61. [61]
    How much electricity does a server consume? - XServer
    For example, a server with two processors consumes on average 250–500 W ... When choosing a server for your business, consider its power consumption.
  62. [62]
    Energy demand from AI - IEA
    Today, electricity consumption from data centres is estimated to amount to around 415 terawatt hours (TWh), or about 1.5% of global electricity consumption in ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
  63. [63]
    AI: Five charts that put data-centre energy use – and emissions
    Sep 15, 2025 · As shown in the chart below, data centres are currently responsible for just over 1% of global electricity demand and 0.5% of CO2 emissions, ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
  64. [64]
    Enough hot air: the role of immersion cooling - Energy Informatics
    Aug 9, 2023 · Our analysis shows that a typical immersion-cooled data center consumes almost 50% less energy compared to its air-cooled counterpart.
  65. [65]
    Is PUE Still the Most Important Metric for Data Center Efficiency?
    Sep 6, 2024 · According to the Uptime Institute, the average data center PUE is 1.58, and if your facility exceeds this, you should consider efforts to reduce ...
  66. [66]
    Data Center Water Usage: A Comprehensive Guide - Dgtl Infra
    Jan 17, 2024 · According to Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook), the industry's average WUE was most recently 1.80 L/kWh, indicating that 1.80 liters of water ...How Much Water Does a Data... · Data Center Water Usage of...
  67. [67]
    AI's Impact on Data Center E-Waste and How to Mitigate the Problem
    Jul 15, 2024 · The equipment that data centers house – such as servers, network switches, and power supply units – can contain chemicals like lead and mercury.
  68. [68]
    Enterprise Servers | ENERGY STAR
    The ENERGY STAR certified computer server product criteria requires that computer servers use more efficient power supplies, advanced power management ...
  69. [69]
    24/7 by 2030: Realizing a Carbon-free Future - Google Sustainability
    In 2020, we set an ambitious new goal: to operate on carbon-free energy, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year—all by 2030.
  70. [70]
    Arm's Mission to Help Tackle AI's Insatiable Energy Needs
    Apr 17, 2024 · Google Cloud Arm-based Axion: 50 percent more performance and 60 percent better energy efficiency compared to legacy competition architectures, ...
  71. [71]
    Waiters and Waitresses - Bureau of Labor Statistics
    Duties. Waiters and waitresses typically do the following: Greet customers, explain daily specials, and answer questions related to the menu; Take orders from ...
  72. [72]
    https://pos.toasttab.com/blog/glossary/what-is-a-fine-dining-server
  73. [73]
    Casual vs. Fine Dining: What to Know When Starting a Restaurant
    Aug 6, 2025 · Food servers. Fine dining restaurants usually employ more food servers so that each customer gets a personalized customer service experience.
  74. [74]
    Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees | U.S. Department of Labor
    Jul 31, 2025 · Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees ; FEDERAL: Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), $7.25, $5.12 ; State requires employers to pay tipped employees ...
  75. [75]
    https://www.servsafe.com/ServSafe-Food-Handler
  76. [76]
    (PDF) Cross-cultural consumer perceptions of service quality in ...
    Aug 6, 2025 · This paper aims to present results from a research that analyzed consumer perceptions of service quality in restaurants in four European cities.
  77. [77]
    Contactless Dining: Everything You Need to Know - TouchBistro
    Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, some restaurant POS providers have introduced software or third-party integrations that facilitate digital ordering.
  78. [78]
    The Gig Economy and Delivering with DoorDash - | Dasher Central
    Is DoorDash considered gig work? Yes! Dashers are independent contractors who work on their own schedule. Here, we'll explore how delivery works with DoorDash, ...Missing: servers | Show results with:servers
  79. [79]
    [PDF] ITF RULES OF TENNIS
    The player whose turn it is to serve shall serve the first point of the tie-break game. The following two points shall be served by the opponent(s) (in doubles, ...
  80. [80]
    An In-Depth Guide & Demo Of The 3 Types Of Serves
    The three primary include the flat, slice, and kick serve. In this article, I'll cover these topics for each type of serve.
  81. [81]
    [PDF] FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028
    Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028. Published by FIVB in 2025 – www.fivb.com. Design, layout and illustrations: © FIVB 2025. Page ... 12.2 SERVICE ORDER ...
  82. [82]
    https://extranet.bwf.sport/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%2026%20April%202025%20V5.0%20(1)%20.pdf
  83. [83]
    How to Choose the Best Tennis String Tension: A Complete Guide
    Sep 6, 2024 · Most rackets come with a recommended tension range, usually between 50-60 lbs (22.7-27.2 kg), but finding the ideal tension depends on various ...
  84. [84]
    Tennis Rules and Regulations - ITF
    In this section you can find the rules of tennis as well as regulations for all ITF tours and tournaments and the ITF Constitution, which governs how we ...Beach Tennis · Tour Regulations · Classification · Constitution
  85. [85]
    Fastest Tennis Serve on Record: Speed & History
    The record is famously held by the Australian tennis player Sam Groth, whose serve clocked in at an astounding 263.4 km/h (163.4 mph) during a Challenger event ...
  86. [86]
    Guidelines for Altar Servers | USCCB
    Servers respond to the prayers and dialogues of the priest along with the congregation. They also join in singing the hymns and other chants of the liturgy.
  87. [87]
    What is an acolyte? | GotQuestions.org
    Jan 4, 2022 · Currently, an acolyte's duties include preparing the elements of the Eucharist, carrying processional crosses and candles, and lighting candles ...
  88. [88]
    Altar Boys | Acolytes - St. George Greek Orthodox Church
    Acolytes help the clergy (hierarch, priests, and deacons) in the Holy Altar. The Divine Liturgy is a sacrifice; bread and wine offered by the faithful people ...Missing: duties | Show results with:duties
  89. [89]
    [PDF] GUIDELINES FOR CLERGY - Orthodox Church in America
    Feb 24, 2023 · Untonsured altar servers are a regular part of Church life. Where there are many servers, they should serve according to a sched- ule prepared ...
  90. [90]
    [PDF] Instituted Acolyte | Diocese of Covington
    ” In the Church an acolyte is one who helps/assists in the celebrations of the. Sacred Liturgy. History: The earliest mention of acolytes comes in the year 251.<|control11|><|separator|>
  91. [91]
    Acolyte - The Episcopal Church
    Acolytes are mentioned as a minor order (along with porters, lectors, and exorcists) as early as a letter of Pope Cornelius to Fabius of Antioch in 252.
  92. [92]
    The Ministry of Acolytes - Building Faith
    Jan 9, 2018 · Acolytes are mentioned as a minor order (a transitory step leading to the orders of deacon, priest, or bishop) beginning in the third century.
  93. [93]
    Altar Servers – Parish Ministries - Our Lady of Refuge Catholic Church
    ... Altar Servers were adult men, usually men preparing to become deacons and priests. Until the Second Vatican Council, assisting as a Server was confined to males ...Missing: Christianity II
  94. [94]
    Explainer: The history of women lectors and altar servers—and what ...
    Jan 11, 2021 · Women have served as lectors and acolytes for decades. Now Pope Francis has changed canon law to formally recognize their ministry.
  95. [95]
    Altar Servers | LA Catholics
    The server is a member of the assembly who assists the priest and deacon during the Eucharist and other liturgical ceremonies.
  96. [96]
    [DOC] Role Description – Server
    Perform the actions required at the altar by the liturgy or by request from the clergy (e.g. lighting/extinguishing candles, reading, leading prayer, ringing of ...
  97. [97]
    [PDF] St. Clare of Assisi ALTAR SERVER TRAINING BOOKLET
    All that is required is a desire to serve at the Altar of Our Lord. DRESS CODE FOR ALTAR SERVERS. • SHOES – dress shoes (preferably black or brown shoes for ...
  98. [98]
    [PDF] Office for Worship GUIDELINES FOR ALTAR SERVERS
    It is recommended that a team be formed at the discretion of the pastor to oversee and provide for the training, formation and scheduling of youth altar servers ...
  99. [99]
    Are Female Altar Servers Permitted? | Catholic Answers Q&A
    The Church has permitted female altar servers since March 1994. The Holy See allowed bishops to establish policies on whether to allow female servers in their ...
  100. [100]
    Francis changes Catholic Church law: women explicitly allowed as ...
    Jan 11, 2021 · Pope Francis has changed Catholic Church law to make explicit that laywomen can act as readers and altar servers in liturgical celebrations.<|control11|><|separator|>
  101. [101]
    Holy Communion Service - The Church of England
    Holy Communion is celebrated by the whole people of God gathered for worship. The ministry of the members of the congregation is expressed through their active ...
  102. [102]
    Process Server Definition
    A person who delivers papers informing another person or business of a pending lawsuit or requirement to appear in court. (See also: process, service of ...
  103. [103]
    Process Server - NJ Courts
    A process server delivers legal documents such as writs and subpoenas, often performed by officials like sheriffs or deputies.
  104. [104]
    What Is a Print Server? | How It Works and What It Does - ServerWatch
    Dec 8, 2023 · A print server is a central point for organizing print requests from all devices on a network and allocating them to the relevant printers.Missing: distinct | Show results with:distinct
  105. [105]
    How does a print server work? - PaperCut
    Oct 5, 2022 · A print server is either a software application, dedicated hardware device, or computer that manages and processes print requests within a network.Missing: distinct | Show results with:distinct