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Poju Zabludowicz

Chaim "Poju" Zabludowicz (born 6 April 1953) is a Finnish-born British-Israeli businessman, , and art collector. Since 1990, he has led the as CEO, a private investment firm originally established by his father Zabludowicz—a Polish-Jewish survivor—with a current $3 billion portfolio focused on holdings such as properties in New York's and London's , alongside past ventures in and . Zabludowicz co-founded the Zabludowicz Collection with his wife Anita in the , amassing over 8,000 contemporary artworks by more than 600 artists; the collection operates public exhibition spaces in and and has loaned pieces to over 200 institutions in 40 countries since 2011. As of 2025, Zabludowicz and his wife hold a combined of £1.5 billion, primarily from and investments. His philanthropy supports initiatives like the Peres Center for Peace, while his founding role and funding of the Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre (BICOM)—a pro-Israel —along with the family's origins in arms manufacturing through Shlomo's , have prompted boycotts from artists and institutions, including 25 creators "deauthoring" works from the collection in 2021 and the Finnish museum severing ties in 2023 over allegations of enabling political influence via .

Early life and education

Family background and childhood

Chaim Zabludowicz, known as Poju, was born on April 6, 1953, in , , to Shlomo Zabludowicz and Pola Zabludowicz, Polish Jewish parents who resettled in as refugees after . Shlomo, born in 1914 in , Poland, to a rabbinical family, survived five years in , where his parents and seven siblings perished, emerging as the sole family survivor. Shlomo Zabludowicz established early industrial ties to post-1948, founding in the 1950s as a defense manufacturer with operations spanning and , supplying and systems critical to the nascent state's security needs amid regional conflicts. This venture reflected his post-Holocaust entrepreneurial drive, leveraging technical partnerships like those with 's for joint production, while maintaining family residence in . Zabludowicz's childhood in unfolded in a modest Jewish within Finland's largely homogeneous society, marked by his parents' experiences and cross-border family business links to , which introduced early exposure to dual cultural and national affinities without formal relocation until later years. These dynamics, rooted in survival and industrial pragmatism, underscored a worldview shaped by post-war recovery and Jewish state's foundational imperatives.

Formal education

Zabludowicz obtained his higher education at in , where he earned a degree in and . This undergraduate program focused on core economic theories, policy analysis, and international dynamics, equipping him with analytical tools applicable to global business contexts. No records indicate pursuit of advanced degrees such as an MBA or further specialization in unrelated fields. Details on enrollment dates, academic honors, or specific coursework influences are not publicly detailed in available corporate or biographical sources, reflecting a general of personal academic records for the individual.

Business career

Inheritance and arms industry involvement

Upon the death of his father, Zabludowicz, on August 8, 1994, Poju Zabludowicz inherited significant control over the family's interests in Soltam Systems, the Israeli defense manufacturer founded by Shlomo in 1950. Soltam specialized in and munitions production, including the M-68 155mm towed , which entered (IDF) service shortly before the 1973 and provided critical fire support during that conflict. The company also developed systems like the L-33 self-propelled , which saw its first combat use by the IDF in the same war, contributing to Israel's defensive operations against coordinated assaults on multiple fronts. Soltam established key partnerships, notably with the Finnish firm , to co-produce mortars and howitzers, facilitating and international exports that bolstered Israel's qualitative military edge through enhanced capabilities. These exports, conducted under strict oversight, supported requirements by generating revenue to offset import costs for Western weaponry, with Soltam's annual sales reaching approximately $45-50 million by 2000. Under Poju Zabludowicz's initial management of the inherited stake, the company continued operations focused on mortar and systems vital for operations, until the divestment of family holdings in the late , when Soltam was transferred to ownership via Koor Industries' sale to the MIKAL Group. This transaction aligned with a strategic shift away from direct arms manufacturing, preserving the foundational estimated at $200-300 million for the heirs by the early 2000s.

Leadership of Tamares Group

Poju Zabludowicz assumed leadership of as CEO in 1990, guiding the family-owned investment firm through a strategic pivot from its foundational defense sector focus toward diversified holdings in and global . Following the sale of most defense-related assets around 1994, the group prioritized operational resilience and long-term value appreciation, establishing subsidiaries and partnerships to build scalable assets in high-growth areas. In telecommunications, Zabludowicz oversaw the development of Tamares Telecom, which owns and operates the TAMARES-North subsea system linking to with extensions to and , enabling high-capacity international data transmission. This infrastructure investment supported collaborative projects, such as the 2024 agreement with Greece's Grid Telecom to enhance open-access cable landing stations in , underscoring a focus on interconnectivity and regional digital expansion. By 2025, Tamares Telecom—later rebranded as Exelera—had positioned itself for potential acquisitions, reflecting sustained efforts to monetize network assets amid evolving market demands. Parallel expansions in formed the core of Tamares' post-divestment portfolio, growing to approximately $3 billion in value with holdings spanning 2.3 million square feet across the , , and . Notable decisions included acquiring prime commercial properties like those in New York's and London's , alongside targeted purchases such as the $270 million acquisition of 7950 Jones Branch Drive, a 500,000-square-foot office complex in , completed in October 2015. These moves emphasized opportunistic investments in undervalued assets, fostering portfolio diversification while mitigating exposure to cyclical sectors through selective, high-conviction deployments.

Diversification into property and other sectors

Following the consolidation of control over in the 1990s, Poju Zabludowicz shifted investments away from defense-related manufacturing toward , prioritizing sectors offering more predictable cash flows and lower exposure to geopolitical fluctuations inherent in arms exports. This pivot emphasized acquisitions in high-growth urban markets, including a major expansion into , where Tamares became one of the largest landowners in by acquiring interests tied to casinos such as the Plaza, Vegas Club, Western, and Gold Spike in June 2005 for an undisclosed sum from Barrick Gaming. These holdings, retained in part despite selective sales during market downturns, capitalized on the mid-2000s property boom, generating stable rental yields from land and commercial assets amid rising and development demand. Tamares further built its property portfolio through hotel investments, owning seven properties as of recent reports, including operations in under Tamares Hotels Israel, which managed assets yielding consistent returns from hospitality amid regional economic cycles. Complementary deals, such as the $270 million purchase of the 7950 Jones Branch Drive office building in , in October 2015, exemplified opportunistic entries into office and mixed-use , bolstering the group's overall $3 billion portfolio across 2.3 million square feet of space in prime locations like London's and New York's . Beyond property, diversification extended to , , and communications in the 2000s, with Tamares Israel pursuing stakes in sectors like finance—such as considerations for increasing holdings in El Al's parent company in 2013—and broader telecom interests that supported wealth preservation through varied revenue streams less tied to single-industry risks. This multi-sector approach, executed via targeted acquisitions in and the , facilitated compounded growth, elevating Zabludowicz's net worth to approximately $1.7 billion by 2023 while mitigating the episodic disruptions of defense dependencies.

Philanthropic activities

Support for arts and cultural institutions

Anita and Poju Zabludowicz have served as founder benefactors of the Tate Modern in the United Kingdom, contributing to its establishment and development as a major public institution for contemporary art. They have also gifted works of art to UK national collections, enhancing public holdings of contemporary pieces. Additionally, Anita Zabludowicz holds positions such as Trustee Emeritus at Camden Arts Centre and Honorary Member of the Tate Foundation, with both involved in the Tate International Council, supporting broader institutional frameworks for art exhibition and acquisition. The Zabludowiczes maintain a dedicated philanthropy program that includes lending numerous artworks free of charge each year to museums and galleries worldwide, managed by a full-time team to facilitate public exhibitions and access. These loans promote the display of in diverse venues, enabling broader audiences to engage with pieces from their collection without financial barriers to institutions. Through their foundation's initiatives, the Zabludowiczes fund artist residencies, programs, and curatorial support, including financial aid and mentoring at critical stages. Examples include the Curatorial Testing Ground, which engages master's students in hands-on work with contemporary collections, fostering skill-building and innovation in the field. These efforts prioritize direct support for emerging artists and arts organizations, independent of specific ideological agendas.

Contributions to Jewish and Israeli organizations

Zabludowicz and his wife Anita have provided financial support to the (), an organization dedicated to the safety and of the British Jewish community through advisory services and protection measures amid rising . They are also financial backers of the , which monitors and combats antisemitic incidents in the UK to foster community resilience. These contributions align with efforts to preserve Jewish communal infrastructure in the face of external threats, prioritizing practical over symbolic gestures. The couple funds the United Jewish Israel Appeal (UJIA), which supports educational and community-building initiatives in the UK and Israel aimed at strengthening and continuity, including programs that address pressures through youth engagement and welfare services. As benefactors, their donations have aided UJIA's scalable projects, such as those enhancing in Jewish communities via targeted and , though specific beneficiary metrics from their contributions remain undisclosed in public records. Zabludowicz supports the Educational Trust (HET), which delivers remembrance programs to schools and youth, reaching thousands annually to instill historical awareness and counter denialism through survivor testimonies and curricula. His involvement was acknowledged in a 2015 government address highlighting HET's role in educating against antisemitism's resurgence, underscoring contributions to empirical outcomes like increased student participation in . In , Zabludowicz has donated scholarships via the Association for the Well-Being of Israel's Soldiers, annually funding 120 outstanding personnel for to promote personal development and national service efficacy. Additionally, he established the Shlomo and Pola Zabludowicz Center at in 2010, supporting with ongoing funding to advance Israeli medical capabilities and resilience. These initiatives demonstrate targeted investment in institutional development, yielding measurable scalability in soldier welfare and research outputs, distinct from broader advocacy.

Advocacy and public engagement

Zionist and pro-Israel advocacy

Zabludowicz founded the Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre (BICOM) in 2002, serving as its chairman until 2013 and providing substantial funding as its primary donor. BICOM focuses on disseminating research and analysis to British policymakers and media on Israel's security policies, regional threats including terrorism from groups like , and relations with Arab states and , aiming to address perceived imbalances in coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The organization's efforts include briefing sessions and reports highlighting empirical data on security challenges, such as rocket attacks from , which numbered over 4,000 in the 2008-2009 conflict alone according to Israeli defense records. In public statements, Zabludowicz has affirmed support for Israel's right to amid ongoing threats, framing it within the historical necessity of a secure established in 1948 following and millennia of . He has emphasized a as viable only if grounded in robust security guarantees for , acknowledging Palestinian rights to while prioritizing defenses against empirically documented aggressions like suicide bombings during the Second (2000-2005), which claimed over 1,000 Israeli lives. This position contrasts with criticisms from pro-Palestinian groups, who view BICOM's advocacy as enabling settlement expansion in the —home to over 400,000 Israeli settlers as of 2023—potentially undermining territorial contiguity for a Palestinian state, though Zabludowicz has not publicly endorsed settlements as strategic buffers. Zabludowicz's advocacy aligns with Zionist principles of Jewish in a sovereign homeland, evidenced by his sustained financial commitment to BICOM exceeding millions of pounds by the late , amid rising European anti-Israel sentiment post-Second . While BICOM's outputs draw on official data and think-tank analyses to substantiate claims of existential threats—such as Iran's nuclear program and Hezbollah's 150,000-rockets arsenal as of 2023—critics from outlets like argue it selectively emphasizes Israeli perspectives, potentially skewing public discourse despite the group's non-partisan research mandate.

Political involvement and donations

Zabludowicz has made significant financial contributions to the United Kingdom's , reflecting support for pro-business policies. In 2009, he donated £50,000 to Conservative Central Office. By early 2011, his total donations to the party reached £165,000, channeled through his property firm Tamares Investments. These contributions included funding for Cameron's leadership campaign, underscoring Zabludowicz's alignment with center-right economic priorities such as and market liberalization. Beyond direct party support, Zabludowicz's giving has extended to bipartisan philanthropic efforts, including a donation of between $100,000 and $250,000 to the , indicating a pragmatic approach transcending strict ideological lines. In the UK, cumulative contributions from his to Conservative causes have exceeded £380,000 as of recent records, often tied to networks favoring free-market reforms without overt partisan . Zabludowicz has not pursued elected office in , the , or elsewhere, preferring influence through elite business and cultural networks that promote pragmatic, market-oriented realism over ideological campaigns. In , his ties to pro-business circles, including the , stem from inherited industrial roots and ongoing investments, though specific donation figures remain undisclosed in public records. This pattern emphasizes indirect sway via economic leverage rather than formal political roles.

Art collection and cultural patronage

Development and scope of the Zabludowicz Collection

The Zabludowicz Collection was founded in 1994 by Poju Zabludowicz and his wife, Anita Zabludowicz, initially concentrating on from emerging international talents, particularly those from and . Early acquisitions included works by then-underrecognized British artists such as , , and , who subsequently rose to prominence with accolades like Prizes. The collection's growth has been methodical, prioritizing undervalued pieces acquired prior to market-driven hype around artists' careers, thereby fostering long-term support for innovative practices through direct purchases and commissions. By 2024, it had expanded to encompass more than 8,000 works by over 600 artists, reflecting sustained expansion metrics driven by a focus on artists directly emerging from educational or early professional stages. Diversification spans multiple media, including , digital installations, and sculptural forms, with an emphasis on global emerging voices rather than established blue-chip names, ensuring a representation of contemporary experimentation unbound by ties to the collectors' business enterprises. This approach has yielded a valued for its depth in pre-recognition investments, though precise monetary appraisals remain private.

Public exhibitions, loans, and rankings

The Zabludowicz Collection maintained a dedicated public exhibition space at 176 Prince of Wales Road in from 2007 until its closure in December 2023, offering free entry to all visitors through . This venue hosted over 100 exhibitions featuring works from the collection, alongside more than 640 associated events such as talks and , cumulatively drawing over 250,000 visitors and providing broad to private holdings. The space's programming emphasized emerging artists, fostering public engagement with cutting-edge in a non-commercial setting. In parallel with on-site shows, the collection has prioritized loans to public institutions to extend its reach, lending approximately 100 artworks annually to museums and galleries worldwide. Since 2011, more than 528 pieces have been loaned to over 238 institutions across more than 40 countries, including specific contributions like 19 design objects to the in 2023 and Glenn Ligon's Stranger #26 to the . Following the London closure, efforts intensified on such loans and digital initiatives to sustain public exposure without a physical site. The Zabludowicz Collection's public-facing activities have earned recognition in art world rankings, with Anita and Poju Zabludowicz listed among ' Top 200 Collectors for their substantial holdings exceeding 3,000 works focused on post-1990s . Their cultural assets contribute to broader wealth assessments, as evidenced by the couple's unchanged position at 115th on the 2024 with an estimated of £1.495 billion, derived primarily from property but inclusive of art-related value. These validations underscore the collection's role in elevating private patronage to institutional-level impact, with visitor metrics and loan volumes demonstrating effective democratization of access despite its origins in personal acquisition.

Personal life

Family and relationships

Poju Zabludowicz has been married to Anita Zabludowicz since approximately 1990. Anita, born in the , is a philanthropist and collector who studied and . The couple has four children, including daughter Tiffany Zabludowicz, born in 1992. Other children include and , with the family emphasizing privacy for younger members. The Zabludowicz family presents as a stable unit, with no publicized divorces, separations, or personal scandals. members have occasionally collaborated on philanthropic initiatives, particularly in cultural , reflecting a cohesive support structure for public endeavors while maintaining discretion in private affairs.

Residences, citizenship, and net worth

Zabludowicz holds citizenship by birth and citizenship; reports vary on whether he also possesses citizenship, with some pro-Israel outlets affirming dual Finnish-Israeli status alongside his British ties, while others explicitly state he does not hold citizenship. His primary residence is in , , including a property in the affluent Hampstead area known as "Billionaires' Row." In January 2017, he acquired a home valued at ₪25 million (approximately £5.3 million at the time) in Tel Aviv's neighborhood, reflecting his connections to . The family also owns a private retreat and sculpture park on Sarvisalo island in , which doubles as an artist residency site and underscores his transnational lifestyle. Zabludowicz's net worth, shared with his wife Anita, stands at £1.5 billion according to Rich List published in May 2025, unchanged from the prior year and derived primarily from and holdings. This figure positions the couple at 110th on the list, highlighting the stability of their diversified portfolio amid broader economic fluctuations affecting billionaires.

Controversies and criticisms

Arms trade legacy and ethical debates

Shlomo Zabludowicz, Poju Zabludowicz's father, established in 1950 as a manufacturer of and mortars primarily for the (), focusing on defensive systems such as 120mm mortars including the M-65 and K6 models, which provided mobile fire support critical for infantry operations amid Israel's early existential threats from neighboring states. These weapons were designed for rapid deployment and accuracy, enabling the to counter numerically superior forces in conflicts like the 1948 War of Independence and subsequent wars, where empirical outcomes demonstrated their role in achieving defensive victories with minimized territorial losses. Soltam's exports, conducted under Israeli government oversight, adhered to international legal standards, with documented sales of systems to allied nations for legitimate defensive purposes, such as integrations on armored vehicles, without verified instances of transfers violating treaties or fueling illicit conflicts. Proponents of the company's legacy, drawing from realist perspectives on state sovereignty, contend that such bolstered Israel's deterrence posture, empirically correlating with reduced large-scale invasions post-1973 as adversaries recalibrated risks of escalation. This aligns with causal analyses where armed self-reliance prevented conquest, preserving civilian lives against explicitly genocidal threats documented in declarations prior to 1967. Critics, often from pacifist or selective humanitarian viewpoints, raise ethical concerns over indirect associations with regional , arguing that even defensive perpetuate cycles of , though such claims lack substantiation of Soltam-specific misuse and overlook aggressor initiations in historical engagements. These debates contrast pragmatic necessities of national survival—where unarmed vulnerability invites predation, as evidenced by pre-state Jewish communities' fates—with normative ideals that abstractly prioritize , potentially incentivizing attacker impunity by ignoring empirical deterrence failures in disarmed contexts like interwar . No peer-reviewed studies or official inquiries have confirmed Soltam's involvement in illegal trades, underscoring the legitimacy of its operations within frameworks like the UN principles for responsible exports.

Accusations of artwashing and boycotts

In 2014, the Divest Zabludowicz (BDZ) was launched by arts workers as part of the Palestinian for the Academic and Cultural of , urging artists and cultural producers to refuse participation in Zabludowicz Art Trust exhibitions, sales, or loans. The initiative accused the trust of "artwashing" government policies toward by leveraging to obscure alleged complicity in and , linking it to Poju Zabludowicz's inherited wealth from his father's manufacturing firm, which supplied the sector until its sale in 2007. Critics of such boycotts have argued that they impose ideological conformity on apolitical artistic endeavors, selectively targeting -linked patrons while overlooking broader geopolitical contexts, including 's defensive needs against existential threats. By July 2021, amid heightened tensions in Israel-Palestine, 25 artists and cultural workers publicly "deauthored" or disaffiliated their prior works from the Zabludowicz Collection, framing the action as solidarity with Palestinian liberation and opposition to the trust's purported role in normalizing Israeli "apartheid" through cultural platforms. BDZ amplified the effort, claiming the collection's activities masked support for policies of "oppression" via historical ties to arms production that bolstered Israel's security apparatus, though empirical records show such exports predated current operations and aligned with standard international defense trade. Proponents of cultural engagement counter that such disaffiliations undermine art's intrinsic value as a universal, non-partisan medium, potentially stifling dialogue in favor of punitive measures against democratic states subject to electoral accountability, unlike non-democratic actors in the conflict. In December 2022, over 150 artists and cultural workers initiated a of Helsinki's Museum of Contemporary Art , part of the , demanding the removal of Poju Zabludowicz from its board due to his "ties to the " through family business history and pro- . The Kiasma Strike petition echoed rhetoric, alleging the trust's exhibitions served to "artwash" "racism and violence" against Palestinians, tying donations to broader accusations of enabling funding—despite the arms firm's over a decade earlier and its focus on conventional munitions rather than operational conduct. Detractors of the highlighted its overreach, noting that conflating inherited with for actions ignores causal distinctions between historical and contemporary , while pressuring institutions to enforce political litmus tests erodes artistic . In November 2024, more than 1,000 artists and art workers signed an to Tate leadership, calling for from the Zabludowicz Art Trust alongside other donors, accusing it of "artwashing" Israel's operations labeled as "" by signatories, with ties to defense-related wealth purportedly sustaining such policies. The letter, timed ahead of the , invoked provisional findings on plausibility of risk but omitted Israel's documented responses to Hamas-initiated hostilities on , 2023, framing cultural patronage as indirect endorsement of military actions empirically rooted in against . Opponents contend these campaigns exemplify selective moralism, exempting art institutions from scrutiny over patrons from adversarial regimes while fixating on , a with judicial oversight, thereby prioritizing over evidence-based evaluation of conflict causation.

Responses and counterarguments

In May 2021, amid heightened Israel-Hamas hostilities, Anita and Poju Zabludowicz issued a statement underscoring the Zabludowicz Collection's mission to foster art and inclusivity, independent of political affiliations, while endorsing a two-state solution, diplomatic dialogue, and mourning civilian casualties on both sides as evidence that aggression fails to resolve conflicts. This response rejected divisive tactics like boycotts, implicitly prioritizing engagement to bridge divides rather than isolation, which they viewed as counterproductive to peace efforts. Defenders contend that criticisms and boycotts selectively target Zabludowicz's inherited ties to Israel's defense industry while disregarding the causal context of such enterprises, including Hamas's initiation of violence through rocket attacks exceeding 4,000 in the 2021 escalation alone, which necessitated defensive measures often minimized by activist groups. Lutheran Teemu Laajasalo explicitly labeled related boycotts antisemitic, arguing they prejudice individuals for Jewish or associations rather than substantive ethical failings, a pattern echoing broader one-sided campaigns that equate support for Israel's with in . Proponents of Zabludowicz's philanthropy emphasize its empirically verifiable contributions, such as hosting over 200 works in major public exhibitions like The Library of Babel / In and Out of Place, providing broad access to that outweighs politicized attacks lacking equivalent scrutiny of adversarial funding sources. Despite sustained efforts since 2014, the collection maintained non-retaliatory lending and programming until its space's planned transition in 2023 toward expanded residencies, illustrating cancel culture's limited efficacy in altering underlying geopolitical realities or philanthropic outputs.

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